PERIODIC PROPERTIES

Solution to Subjective Assignments

LEVEL – I

1. H H H
- +
H B NH +
H N
This is because of H - formation
HB H H H
H
2. The tendency to show lower oxidation state increases down the group due to inert
pair effect.

3. This is because of p-p back bonding between F & Al, thereby Al becomes
electronically saturated hence no further attack by H2O to vacant 3pz orbital of Al

4. This is because of (BeCl2)n formation in the solid phase. It is a chain polymer.

5. This is due to the decrease in the size of the ions on the atomic no. increases among
the isoelectronic ions.

6. Electronic configuration of Mg is [Ar] 3d54s1. The next would add up to 4s orbital

leading to pairing up which is unfavourable.

7. By giving the I.P., Na is converted to Na+. Now Na+ has an additional amount of
energy equal to its I.P and in order to go back to its original state – it will liberate
energy and this we call as electron affinity.

8. The alkali metals have one electron in excess of their octet while alkaline earth
metals have 2 e’s excess of their octet. So after 1st I.P. the alkali metal attain the
inert gas configuration while alkaline earth metals attain it after 2nd I.P. Now removal
from a noble gas core needs high I.P., so there is a jump in the 2nd I.P. for alkali and
3rd I.P. for alkaline earth metals.

9. In Be the extra electron is to be added in 2p orbital because 2s orbital is completely

filled and in N, it is to be added to a half filled 2p orbital. Since half-filled and full-filled
orbitals are more stable, reluctancy in accepting electron is found.

10. In Mn2O7, Mn is in +7 state i.e., highly electron deficient. So its tendency to accept
electron increases and therefore it is an acidic oxide.

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RSM79PhIPPCH(S)2

LEVEL – II

1. K is an alkali metal which can lose its electron quite easily and has got a low I.E. so
that K+ formation occurs readily. But in case of Ag, d-orbitals can’t screen the nuclear
charge effectively and thus valence electrons is not readily lost so that it has got high
I.E. That’s why Ag is relatively inert.

2. While F- is formed from F then electron is added to an electronegative, neutral atom

and energy (E.A.) is released by this process but even though O - formation from O is
energy releasing process, formation of O2- from O- is highly energy consuming. So
combined effect is O2- formation from O is endothermic.

3. Hint: Decreases down the group. This is because SO42- is very large in size, so it has
got low hydration energy and down the group the hydration energy of cations also
decreases.

4. I.E. of Mg is greater than Na and Al because in either case removal of an electron

from valence orbital will render the ion formed, to be full-filled which has got extra
stability. (Na : 2s22p63s1 ; Al : 2s22p63s23p1 ).That’s why their I.E. is smaller than Mg
whose electron has to be removed from a 3s 2 (filled) orbital. Also s-orbital lies closer
to the nucleus than the p- orbital.

5. This is due to a pair of electrons remaining paired in –ous form and becoming
unpaired in –ic form (e.g. Sn, P, Te etc.]. But in transition metals different no. of d-
electrons may take part in bonding [e.g. Fe2+, Fe3+ & Cu+, Cu2+ etc.]

6. 1st ionisation energy involves the removal of a single pelectron (outermost) in B

leading to a stable electronic configuration (like Be) 1s22s2 whereas electronic
configuration of C changes 1s22s22p2 to 1s22s22p1. 2nd ionisation energy involves the
removal of ring electron of 2p orbital of electron whereas in B of is the stable 2s
electron.

7. Hybrid orbitals sp3 sp2 sp

s-character 25% 33% 50%

Electronegativity 3.68 3.92 4.67

8. I  II  III

9. NF2 (3.78)  Cl3 (2.96)  NH2 (2.78)  CH3(2.3)

observe dipole moment

10. % ionic character =  100
theoretical dipole moment

As electronegativity difference is higher in HF than HI hence the order.

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 RSM79PhIPPCH(S)3

Solution to Objective Assignments

LEVEL – I
1. Alred – Rochow Scale.
2. Hybridised orbital accommodates  bond pairs.
3. Size of an anion  size of an atom  size of a cation
4. Removal of an electron from a dipositive ion involves maximum amount of energy.
5. Periodic variation.
6. Solvation energy  lattice energy.
7. Octet or fulfilled shells.
8. Overlapping.
9. Low lattice energy.
10. Maximum covalency less melting point.
11. High effective nuclear charge makes high ionization potential.
12. Slater’s rule.
13. Electrostatic repulsion is greater than the coupling energy.
14. High  value.
ch arg e
15. Ionic potential = .
radius
16. I– is highly polarisable.
17. Radius values.
18. No. of valency electrons will reduced.
19. I.P. = IP1 + IP2
20. Characteristic of silicon.

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