Elastic constants (E, µ, G, K)

VIJAYA KUMAR
Contents
• Elastic Modulus –Hooke’s law for Normal case
• Shear Modulus or modulus of rigidity – Hooke’s law for
shear case.
• Poisson’s ratio
• Types of stress system: Uni, bi, plane, pure, tri, general
• Stress-strain relation ships and Generalized Hooke’s law
• Volumetric strain
• Volumetric strain in 1d, 2d, 3d
• Volumetric strain of Rectangular cross section, cylinder,
sphere.
• Bulk Modulus
• Relationship between Elastic constants
Elastic Modulus or Young Modulus or Modulus of Elasticity (E):

Since strain is dimensionless, the units of E are the same as the units of stress.
The above equation is commonly known as Hooke’s law, named for the famous English scientist
Robert Hooke (1635–1703).
Shear Modulus or Modulus or rigidity (G, N, C):

The shear modulus G has the same units as the tension modulus E.
Poisson’s ratio ( µ, 1/m, ν):
Negative Poisson’s ratio materials—Auxetic materials:
Poisson’s Ratio
• For a slender bar subjected to axial loading:
x
Axial strain  x  ; y z  0
E

• The elongation in the x-direction is

accompanied by a contraction in the other
directions (lateral strains). Assuming that the
material is isotropic (no directional
dependence),
y  z  0
• Poisson’s ratio is defined as

lateral strain y z
  
axial strain x x

2-9
Stress-strain relationship in
different stress systems and
Generalized Hooke’s Law
equation
Generalized Hooke’s law equation:

The Equations (1) through (6) are known as Generalized Hook's law
Volumetric strain (or)
dilatation
Bulk Modulus or Volume Modulus (K):
Derivation for the Relationships
between Elastic Constants
Relationship between E and G
Relationship between E and K: