ANNEXURE I

ANNA UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI-25

College Code

College Name SUR YAE MaNEEANG COLLECE

Register Number

Name of the CandidateS VIGNESH

Degree
6E Semester
Branch
ECE 07
Question Paper Code
X L_
Subject Code
FLcL214o
Subject Name
wIRELE64 CoMMUNICATION,F NFN AN
Session
Date
24 7 21
No. of Pages used Twe ny three
In words

All particulars given above by me are verified and found to be correct

Signature of the Student with date

For Office Use Only

Instructions to the Candidate: Put Tick mark ( ) for the questions attended in the tick mark column against each question

PART B &C
PART A (i) (ii) (ii)
Question Question No.
Marks Marks Marks Grand Total
No. Marks
(in words)
11

3 12

13

a
14

15
10 b Grand Total

16
b

Total
Declaration by the Examiner: Verified that all the questions attended by the student are valued and the total is found to be correct

Date Name of the Examiner Signature of the Examiner

(3813o6 51 GV1GNES H E CHDI WIRELESS (oMMUNICHT toW
Pant -A

Multipoth PropmgaHo

Diect Path SignaX

Ref Lee tec igna
comPosite Signa
Cons buctive Jovms o
he mwltiph fov
Sinoodad Signa

Phae h:}t b 2e10, in wh

The Yelative
COmponen
add consbwcive
Caye Che tu
above f'g w e
as

Detuchve foms

Direc Path Signa

RetLechecd Path Sigo

Cornrosle anal
Phase shi}F s iso, in which
The velaive
Cose t h two ComPonen addl deswchely
52812106o5 S.yIGNESH ECAol wiRELESSCoMMNI CHTIO

Signad on
T det Path
R

C Anstyvetye

Devoetive

LwcaHon of mS

7
3981910ho 51 SVG-NESH EcNol WIRELESS CoMMUNICH)

wsel to descibe Cie oPicd fuchokion

.Fading
pha>e or
mul HPath
Ofthe amPlivela, Shovt
Yoclto Signak ove a
delaysof a Or t v v e l . dis}onca.
Peniocd Of tmne

ts Gauused by nenfenence behuween

Facling of t e tvanbmiHd
Vension
two oY mOYC
Yec2i v e n a t
avrive at +he
which
Signal
Slighthy dtleron bimes.

are
mrbrtent eecls
nmost
he h r e e
The
Svength
ouen e
in Stgna
R a P Chonge
C aistante. OY Lima ineNaR
S m o l l tavel
mocluGion dus to
Rardom freaueny
( Shifi> On dilewot
Vaying dopplen
mulhpo Sigals

) e duspevson (echpe) cawsecl y

multeh PYOR9aion dolas.
TePors e ofa chanel
ImPule
a
bot a rie
no a S g a
Alse
CoyePOdlinq
tw
Seauenca ot Polseb
Ombi'neFon
Hulnpath
dileoont MPCs

3
41-3)
73281106 as S. VIGLNE1 tcu LRELESS CoM MUNICVTIoWv
)Inleusym bol nterferenca
Runtime dterent H
we dlernt, whch
ComPonenLs
Mulkpath
Phose ard Cauwe
Leads to dilernt jaclo
bo
S1 an ioPorto nF
ptefeena
4eo oata rate
inCecR

ha dsHrc
Each tima CornPo nenF
a

time addhon to having aa

anniva
Omputuolo
Pha>e
deront
OcCws T t leacs to o r F a t
So ISI
increabina onml
e l i m i n ate ba
be
Camot

yaho betwean
olotenminoo bu
uraton
O rrRuse
of ube
dwraHon arol
Sumbol channel
of ee
T e s r o e

Ovenlap o} one

t Sy mbol cluhotion
wth anothei synto)

Cawe Si -
Tnte
Symbointenfate

7. R
Th28 1) 06o5 SVInNESH ECd4D wIRELES CoMMUNICATJo)
Civen

SW C-BdB , =7d3, d 8okm

S 3 CH2
13d8
o log C1,
cnileg - 20
Cn
Lo log C = I7 dB
antila 5D
LO

3xo

3xto

Pr
(4)d
9 x o mW
xO
Sx2oX 5o
24 (80 xios)

PCclBm
=
lo Log P(
xo mw 7 3 0b6fism
Loq4
Lo

P in d Bw = lo Loc Pr

P 103 05 dBw

S
 T321ano6o5
S'VINESH tcuolwRELEs CoMUMclon
mocle.
Fyee SRc PrOPgaion
12Free
( he Syee Sro Psophor
model U ed to PsedlicF recei ved
Sane Sreng+Hh when the barnsmdherr
and receiveA have a
clea, unobsburiee
betuween e
Line -Of- Sight Patn
So HelW Corn u n i a h o n yStem ond
adio Linhs
mioOuDau Cine 0f Sight
JYeR SPace ProRogatiobn
tyPicalluy Un dengO
Scle a d i o uawe
AS. w h most Lotig
mzl&
ProPogoion moclel, the fre Spce
Pye dic hat
TeCeivecl Pouoe dlcays
-R SeperaHon
fonchon of he
Powe Ci.e., a
alsedl to S o r
dijonce
e ree PoC Powerud
Powen Laus fanchon)
eceivey meN Oa
Yeceiveo
SepenaBed ronm a oolafing
ich
transm/lor anenna b d s hance l
Fsiis ree SR Cauohon
given by
by
P Gy Cnr X
P d
(4T) d L

6
Q47-
398 1R0boaS S VIGNEH EC4D wRELES35 CoM MU MHIO
Tte a i n of anenna s yelalect Jo i t
afe cive apentue Ae by
C 4 Ae

The elleclive apowe Ae . votr|

to e Phyaical S of Re anienne
and x i relate d to Ccesi eL }uora
he
b 2 C

The Friis frea SPace odo

valid Pxedichov fov P foy valuas
only
Ony a

of d which a in te Sav- -

felc
ene trons mitHq antenn olotied
as the egion beyoro CLe Savm Sield
Yelalecl to fe2
distance df, hich ,
imension Of fAe onsrnlo
lasngesst Linca
apentuwe aro Le Casi en waUeltefh,
aneona
he Fraunhofe7 dance 3iuen be

d
 T33)2106051 SvINESH fCAo wRELES ComMvNCAMO)
Add ionady tobe in fan ie led regon
de u SaHs fy

>>

Bh receiwed Powe in frea SPace al

d&tance gsealo ando B g n by

dzdozdf
Pyd)=P do)

2Civon
a

Lanaest dimension of antenha, D m.

opiatng reaery 9oO MV2

3x I / s
/f 0o Xo 6 H2

o hilol disanc Obtaineo as

aD
ds
2(1
6m
ds O 33

47.1
 130811ao6 S.UIGNESH EcaAD WIRELES Co MMUNeatYoV
3 Ciawan minimuum Sijt Reuing (GMSK)
b
while MSK hay many oduantages
i SPecbal ehci enay Yatthen low , This
doia bacR eluminaec CMSk

GMSK CP FSK Conhouowy hare fauony

sht A2yingwth machlaton inda
hhmood
mocl O.5, te diLorence 4O basis
Pabes CTaub ian Pulsess

Sequenc oftrans mt Phas Ailse s

, ttha
So
t)

1
V 6

nop
311obos S.VIGTNESH Et2hol NIRELES CoMMUICo
Mobile Yacio Siqnclss have an YYecucbla
evoYYa du to noble velocry
thR CnHsk hay jrvecucible UoY Ya te
&lers a n tha Precucad by jeo
mobile channek , thee bno Penaty
nwing MSk
GMSK Us most atrachve foy i excollont
Powen efHclence (due to the Constan t
envoloPe) ard it erallont Srechial
efic ien ay

Deslaho ble Propetes Con e achieued

no n - etwin t o TenonRZ
Oy abing a

Shreom thnovgh a base ard

binay data
RPole -Shafingter whoSe ]mPole
yOSPone oleH noc. by G
fvnchen he resulttng nefhwcel
o1 binany reauw nc modulotron is rolunally
relouc lo as rauh on mini mum
Shf koying
The PobaYy of ernoY ol CiMSk ú
ve b

No

7-0 gpoyp
 S.VICHNESH EaH0 wIRELESs CoM MVMICHo
3310hos)
yGaMSk Trans mitlov
TO geneae a GaMSK b to Fas a

NRZ mevsoge bt Stam tw0gh a gauion

imPube NeSPOnye
baelord filD havirq on

Gollowec b a FM meclullator

NRZ Grawvbion FM
Low P a mdudaor CMSK 6stror
Daa
ten

aM6K Rceive

GMSK Signadsb Con be dolecfecl n 9

delaBovs (oY
oxthogona Cohenent
non Cohwro nE
dekeclovS
w Simpe

Oscillolof T)L)

LPF
cloc
Necove

7 1
7328R1o 6o5)
S.VIoNEY fCADI WRELESCoMMUUICATpw
Pulse pos ion Hoduloion [ppM)
PPM i anothe jovm of mulHpluse
Consi cln M -aN PpM

Sl) a E Se Ct-T)
TBi -
wherk
T he tlne Peniod.

20

PPM not ed ve ofen fox uvelss

Sustam This b due tYelahury lou
to

Spednal cieny wel as t e chlef-

o cllay dis petsion o n
a
P yse

12
-7-31
73281106o6 S hNESH
ECADlWIRELESSCoMMy wICALONw
Mulipet Cornponant (Mp) Pet con be yeolved
b e reçeie1i.e, SRaceol at atlecst T
PeaR conloin in/o
aPant Eoch of Hhe
Sicra altl
Tuus a
aboot +hr transm
ecr hald be wed in tfe lokaHon r E
wing lasgest CoyYelcdion peaR a lot
Hung Sg
RacRYeaiva1 as a taPRcc
Lwhose ootPot ae uueghood
delayin
up e taPdelaus as wel ay
anc dded
awe acljusa ble Ond
the taP wejgkS
Matched to he Channe

pendent ot u s inten prelatoen

In de
adds UP eLe Cwetgnted
Yeceiven
Sirges in
ditferent yoe
Signa
Srom R
ceven s tuy ttus
A aRR
Ya ee co've
CCohevnt w ay mathe mahca
ma hca
and all m a t h e
yeceiven
a diuarsy tyeatment of diuesy
methooUs foy e
emai n valio

max taps
LY T

Q47-1
 732121oho5 S.VIGNESH EcAho\wIRELESSs_ CoM wOMO W

15 MvlhPat+ PropogoHon on CDMA

CDMA Syghem a s R d Iat Sadltry

s asomPHon Uiolaled
channel
PyocHcal Cu CumyBonce
ndlen al
Fa CDM JSEm o o
Sruchwa
bac ou@na lange bardwcle
h Siqno
SPea

he elecr ot reauancy Selatively

n on q CDMA Sysam at
delay dbpe
m Pul
yesPonsR oF he Concalercho

SPseacleN-chonnel deSPTRadi

chann
Slouly hme -vaniont
ye
Y Pro
onne
e,,
im PulR
he eechve
P(O) h l t : , t )
heR (tr,T) =
elechve uSlem im Pulse
whe e
o e
Yoron SR P(E) e Conuolution
Yec@jvR SPyccing
t r o n nmb ard

PCT)- P1 CT) PRx (T)= AcT (T)

h e deSPrQader osFPoF an
ehbis MulHpl peoRs One foY each.

a 7-2
7B912o6o51 SVIGESH EcDwIRELESS Con Mu NKOod
whea Lrnoa E moximum exco dola

O He hanne ESpecially Sor

, thes ben o n
OdtdooY enviYon men
nuum

xCecc 20 vc PS
ecuwsl y
The num er1 Ot lopss tan
Pocical yare
impor0necl in a
be Poue
CongomPhen

Com blne1 s mileoA by

em
t stm
aHa to
onn
Co mpzing Oro chenne
design ony
orly a
tat ProcoS
Procere
Teceiven
A TahR Yesoled MR
yesoled MPe
awailable
LLy
Sob sef of fle Shil Prouiclir
ompox1by, wh la
louwe
ves
achieveS
achie betlen Hon
betten
hat ot aa hat ot
t a t is
aPenomand

Singla Pa-th eceivel,

tobe OPlima
RorR e@ven
Is houghi
he must+be Smallo1 hon
Tc 1S thoe ú lSI
Con be lagen an
must have a n auaki 22r
VeT
Ye ce
Hen ta
are ecej ven, An
o te
oddi Hon
bino hion ofra ke
n
to t h i com
alteinabye
SPccod eua7e
nd Symbol
e ceivN
an
ChiP based
ecuadi3eru ohor

on t e oles Pyrol
eaual 2 e woYS dinety

47-01
(322121bbo5 S VIGVESH EC4o wIRELESS ComUN ON
SomPloA at tte chP

Linean Raual z e
e Smrtes+
Thes type ot eai3eon
Re Curot
Ouei'able I n Such cn equal 201,
typ OF h e
received Signa
values
Post
by tee filte
anc
ltnealu ueighed
ae Produce
and Summ ed to
Co-efrdent
as hown in
A
N

n -NN

donole
Nand N
The Values in e Jovdand
}ovudand
io h e
tas
ot tans
ueo
e o
He Equa zer
numben Equazes
eR Hon
ot
of e
PoY
ver-R Sauaoc
Sauar
anol Ye i n i m u n
mean

he

tronsvesed
ePecivey tyans versy

alintaN
Cn)|tha}
Ele achieue
achieue
Pro
Pyo

Cualie1
Con
Can

T/T
No
ELleno)- F( +No

6
47
732812106o51 S.VGNESH EC40 WIREJESS omMVNICAfoW
Each 6tageo
o e e lati ta tCen chanaleie
follong Ye Cuwuive eawahon lBr7
b
K,y(k-i)= Sn.(K)+K, (k)
S.Ck =
Y («) -

bnK (K-n) Ky (Kn+i)

bn K - ) + Ka-K)S- )

ee relecbon Co-elheientdob
k,k latHtc o bocka
okee
te ogR
Ce a n uhec asinPu ts to Re
nhe tee Ooot o
Hea
and
toP weiqhB,
Eaualzer yiuen by
cl 2 CnCk) bn(K)
n)

S,

Cn

dh7-3)
 3A8121hoG S.vGiNESH FCNOlL wIRELESS CoMwUMCElOM
C Non Li hean Eanali2aion.

Nonlintc eaualizer w se d in

where Ha Channc dsorHoon u

aPPltcahon
nen eauali ze Lo
to
Sele joV C
Loo
to Common
Aace(n Prec hca
honde and a r do nok
inean e u a l i221
wveles Sg5len have
chonnels which
DenjoYm w e l on
Pous bond
Paws bonO
nulls n teh
clep SPectrel
Sov 1 e
ComDensa HOn
n an aBempt t Plaes loo
foo
eQnali
equaliz0
z o Ploy
tR Gndas
disox ton, O F a SPearal
SPeata
Vicinty
i r the Ca noiSe Polnf
much gain +ea noiSe Poinf
enancim
he bu
)n hoSe freauonces

etecue non U
non nicn
ndch
ThsR vey
which
odleuolool
maheos
have been
eaual2ohion)
linaa
oven

mprovemsn
Ot in
n m
mOos
st 20
207
uwed
techniane
ard a
ahd 3C Susla

.
Deciston Feed bac R eaualizoHon(Drt)
Deechon
2.
2 Moxj mu hali houd Sbol
Seaw0 e imoton
23 Maxi mum hali hoocd
(MLSE)

18
132210ho5 S.VIaNESHECQAD wIeELESSCoMua
hecesvecl Feed Jorwand DeScion
Deuica
oolfot
Signax Sltor Decin
SomPli

Pyedicon

FeodbatR k

bocR ioghom ofa MLSE

E Shown in
Yeceiven bahld on
tRe
MLSE OPimcu in
fig
7O he
m i n i m i 2es he Probubiy
Sense
+hat it
ro
The alo
h e MLSE also
O Seauen
O dihblan
bf ee Sal/shes
eauooS Rrouslocla R ie Sigre.
nolsR CoYUPHng
of 4e
 13281210s051 S. uNESH EC2ko wIREAESS CoMMUNICANOM
Pant-A

Mean excen dllay

The m0an exess dolay i he irs
moment of tte Pouen dlolay proHse ard s
leinecd to. w h e PCTSS Ra powel mau

at timT. The RMS d a l SPeocl s t a

Sauc Noot of. E Seconcl Conbna moment+

o he Fowen dolay Poflo a d ib clapineel

to be

Lonae -Scale Jodiny ¬shadousing)

-Long tenm Vasiatlo tn 4eAe Mean
Mlan
teuel couyeel by e mob.le un
Signa
moving nto Shadow oFSwnoundi n
objecs
Smal-Scala facirg (Mulha)
- Short term fuchualon in e Sig nes
Cauwsecl by ttu loral mulhaH
amivda

20
24-7
 JVlLNESH EcaD WRELESS CoMmuwicw7/o
4 Snetu'S law T

The mgle of inciclonce h2 Some

a Ce yeplockecs angle
Y
ansmilod wave
and tte anqLa ofhe
given by
Sin

371ec

T
92skH2
O 2 5 3 7xic
B O:25 XT =
Pouen
The occupied Kc SPech Om joY go
ord wtdth i
q25 x/ x270 xoS
RFBW qo 7oBwx R

3 08 KNz

o7 2
 7329A1D6o51 S VIGNESH tCReDL IRELESCeriruMICATD

bSloltecd
b Sreauen cy
Freauenay hopping involuey
a

Sreawercies
Peenioolic Chanqe of banbrm iSSon
all hoP hav Cannen fiaord
1f u s e s
C l e d Slotlel veauana
O

Sunchoio nously

hoppr

7Divenuy
hon
is tyansm,}el by
move

Sia nal
antennq Via ChannalR.

intovmakon
enbuwy t the onme
It
on Stat us Hlly
Ceyeceiverl
Teaches
indepe ndon Channals

22
7
7328 12106o5) S VIGNESH he wIRELESS CaMMUMICHTLP
Eaualizatlon
Eaualizahon a techniaue ued
to Com bat inBen Symbol intenfeonce Th
which eual 20s e Ais pevsi v e
devica
Channe Teflenoo to a a n
efecbs of a

Cauel27

4 7 23