Clauses:

They modify a noun or a pronoun. Adjective clause are always next to the
noun/pronoun they are describing.
Replace clause with a pronoun to check if it is a noun clause
Adverb Clause has a relationship with the main clause. They add Information that
elaborates on when, where, how, why by modifying verbs, adjectives and other
adverbs.
Begin with subordinating conjunction.Adverb Clause begin with a Subordinating
conjunction. SHOWS TIME, CONTRADICTION, PURPOSE/REASON, CONDITION.
If a clause begins with a relative pronouns it is probably an adjective clause and
not a adverb clause

The types of Determiners are:

ARTICLES (a, an, the)
DEMONSTRATIVES (this, that, these, those)
POSSESIVES (my, our|you, your|his/her/it, their)
QUANTIFIERS (Give information about the quantity of a noun without actually
providing a number)(eg. much, most, a lot of, many, several, a few, a little. a
bit,some,many)
Determiners come before a noun or an adjective

Passive Voice:
The passive voice is used to show interest in the person or object that experiences
an action rather than the person or object that performs the action. In other
words,
most important thing or person becomes the subject of the sentence.
Active- The saltwater corroded the metal beams.
Passive-The metal beams were corroded by the saltwater.

Subject-Verb Concord:
Should agree in number. In present tense the noun and verbs usually agree in the
opposite ways. (Eg. The car looks expensive)
The number will not change dues to words in between the subject and the verb. (Eg.
One of the glasses is empty.)
Subjects joint by 'and' use a plural verb. (Eg. Sam and Cat are coming home.)
Subjects joint by 'either/or '|'neither/nor' use singular verb. (Eg. Neither Sam
nor Cat is coming home.)
The verb in a sentence containing 'or', 'neither/nor', 'either/or' agrees with noun
or pronoun closest to it. (Eg. Neither the shoes not the bag matches the dress.|
Neither the bag nor the dress match the dress)
If 'as well as', 'along with', 'besides', 'not' etc. ignore them and use the
singular verb if the noun is singular. (Eg. Matt as well as his dogs is expected
shortly)
In a sentence that include sum of money, periods of time etc. use singular verb.
(Eg. 10km is too far to walk.)

Modals:
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, should and need
are the most common modals

Finite and Non-Finte:

Gerund used as a noun. If a word/phrase can be replaced with a 'it' thta is usually
a gerund.
Participle used as a adjective. If you can delete the word/phrase it is usually a
participle.
Infinitives follow to or modals.
If a verb changes with time or number then it is a finite verb.