11

Reading and
Writing Skills
Quarter 4 – Module 8:
Composing Texts Across
Disciplines
Reading and Writing Skills – Grade 11
Quarter 4 – Module 8: Composing Texts Across Disciplines
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Pausto L. Malngan, Jr.
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Layout Artist: Kristine W. Tuba
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Learning Resources Management

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 11

Reading and
Writing Skills
Quarter 4 – Module 8:
Composing Texts Across
Disciplines
(EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12)
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in
each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 Let Us Learn!

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the features of and requirements of composing texts that are
useful across disciplines. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course.

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Book Review or Article Critique (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.1)
• Lesson 2 – Literature Review (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.2)
• Lesson 3 – Research Report (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.3)
• Lesson 4 – Project Proposal (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.4)
• Lesson 5 – Position Paper (EN11/12RWS-IVdg-12.5)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the features and requirements of composing texts across
disciplines; and
2. produce academic writings.

Let Us Try!

Let us start the lesson by checking first your background knowledge about
the topic you are about to learn.
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. The systematic investigation and study of materials and sources to

establish facts and reach new conclusions.
A. project proposal C. article critique
B. book review D. research

2. Documents that are written for problem solving, service provision,

event planning, or equipment selling.
A. project proposal C. article critique
B. book review D. research

3. The following are the common features of book reviews, except

A. gives the reader a concise summary of the content
B. offers a critical assessment of the content in relation to other
studies on the same topic

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 C. conveys to the users necessary information
D. offers a critical assessment of the content in relation to other
studies on the same topic

4. This refers to the proof delivered in an argument.

A. topic C. evidence
B. thesis D. structure

5. Mrs. Smith delivers her constructive speech clearly and logically.

Thus, she observes specific strategy in argument which pertains to
A. thesis C. evidence
B. structure D. topic

6. Structure of a literature includes the following:

A. Introduction, Body, and Summary
B. Introduction, Review of Literature, and Summary
C. Introduction, Review of Literature, and Conclusion
D. Introduction, Body, and Conclusion

7. In analyzing and developing an argument, supporting an evidence

includes factual knowledge. Factual knowledge pertains to:
A. Personal experience related by a knowledgeable party.
B. Interpretation and examples of an accumulation of facts
C. Opinion developed through research and/or expertise of the
claim
D. Information that is verifiable and agreed upon by almost
everyone.

8. An “introduction” provides the background necessary for

understanding the project which is done by using the following:
A. Rational C. Benefits
B. Objectives D. All of the above

9. Which of the following is a goal of writing a position paper?

A. Sell yourself as a writer.
B. convince the audience that your opinion is valid and worth
listening to
C. present the result or the outcome of your research
D. All of the above

10. Teacher Paul presented the content and structure of a book

objectively. He stated the aims and purposes of the study. He gave
concrete examples by incorporating passages quoted from the text

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 that highlight key elements of the work. What approach did Teach er
Paul employ?
A. Descriptive Approach C. Critical Approach
B. Argumentative Approach D. Narrative Approach

11. The following are the elements in writing a literature review,

EXCEPT?
A. Prepare a conceptual diagram of the need for the different types
of literature review
B. Create a biographical sketch of the author of the book
C. Define the topic and the audience
D. Find a logical structure

12. This approach of reviewing a book that describes and evaluates the
book in relation to accepted literary and historical standards and
supports this evaluation with evidence from the text.
A. Descriptive Approach C. Critical Approach
B. Argumentative Approach D. Narrative Approach

13. This provides an overview of what has been written about a specific
topic.
A. Book Review C. Research Report
B. Literary Review D. Project Proposal

14. It gives particular information about the project itself. It also

indicates how the project will address the identified problem.
A. Project Proposal C. Project Title
B. Project Description D. Project Tool

15. As a researcher you should plan your paper very well. In planning,
you should do the following, except.
A. Work with a familiar subject
B. Try something new that piques your interest
C. Make generalizations
D. Browse through available research materials

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 Lesson
Book Review or Article
1 Critique

Let Us Study

Activity 1. Book Review

Let us try this short activity. Choose one of your favorite book and answer
the questions below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

MY BOOK REVIEW
Title : __________________________________________________________
Author : __________________________________________________________

What is the book about?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

What was your most favorite part?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

What was your least favorite part?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

A very important expository discourse that you must know how to write
is a review or critique. It is mainly written to communicate a fair assessment
of situations, people, events, and literary and artistic works and
performances.

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What is Book review?

A book review is a thorough description, critical analysis, and/or

evaluation of the quality, meaning, and significance of a book, often written
in relation to prior research on the topic.
Reviews generally range from 500-2000 words but may be longer
or shorter depending on the length and complexity of the book being
reviewed, the overall purpose of the review, and whether the review exams
two or more books that focus on the same topic. Professors assign book
reviews as practice in carefully analyzing complex scholarly texts and to
assess your ability to effectively synthesize research so that you reach an
informed perspective about the topic being covered.
There are two general approaches to reviewing a book:

1. Descriptive review: presents the content and structure of a

book as objectively as possible, describing essential information
about a book's purpose and authority. This is done by stating the
perceived aims and purposes of the study, often incorporating
passages quoted from the text that highlight key elements of the
work. Additionally, there may be some indication of the reading
level and anticipated audience.
2. Critical review: describes and evaluates the book in relation to
accepted literary and historical standards and supports this
evaluation with evidence from the text and, in most cases, in
contrast to and in comparison, with the research of others. It
should include a statement about what the author has tried to
do, evaluates how well you believe the author has succeeded in
meeting the objectives of the study, and presents evidence to
support this assessment. For course assignments, most
professors will want you to write this type of review.

Common Features of Book Review

While book reviews vary in tone, subject, and style, they share some
common features. These include:

1. A review gives the reader a concise summary of the content .

This includes a description of the research topic and scope of
analysis as well as an overview of the book's overall perspective,
argument, and purpose.
2. A review offers a critical assessment of the content in relation
to other studies on the same topic. This involves documenting
your reactions to the work under review--what strikes you as
noteworthy or important, whether or not the arguments made by
the author(s) were effective or persuasive, and how the work

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 enhanced your understanding of the research problem under
investigation.
3. In addition to analyzing a book's strengths and weaknesses, a
scholarly review often recommends whether or not readers
would value the work for its authenticity and overall quality.
This measure of quality includes both the author's ideas and
arguments and covers practical issues, such as, readability and
language, organization and layout, indexing, and, if needed,
the use of non-textual elements.

Notes from the Teacher

To maintain your focus, always keep in mind that most assignments ask you to
discuss a book's treatment of its topic, not the topic itself. Your key
sentences should say, "This book shows...,” "The study demonstrates...," or “The
author argues...," rather than "This happened...” or “This is the case....”

Developing an Assessment Strategy

There is no definitive methodological approach to writing a book

review in the social sciences, although it is necessary that you think
critically about the research problem under investigation before you begin
to write.

Developing an argument about

2 steps the value of work under
consideration
process of
book Clearly Articulating that argument
as you write an organized and
review well-supported assessment of
work

A useful strategy in preparing to write a review is to list a set of

questions that should be answered as you read the book [remember to
note the page numbers so you can refer back to the text!]. The specific
questions to ask yourself will depend upon the type of book you are
reviewing. For example, a book that is presenting original research about
a topic may require a different set of questions to ask yourself than a work
where the author is offering a personal critique of an existing policy or
issue.

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Here are some sample questions that can help you think critically
about the book:

1. Thesis or argument. What is the central thesis—or main

argument—of the book? If the author wanted you to get one main
idea from the book, what would it be? How does it compare or
contrast to the world that you know or have experienced? What
has the book accomplished? Is the argument clearly stated and
does the research support this?
2. Topic. What exactly is the subject or topic of the book? Is it
clearly articulated? Does the author cover the subject adequately?
Does the author cover all aspects of the subject in a balanced
fashion? Can you detect any biases? What type of approach has
the author adopted to explore the research problem [e.g., topical,
analytical, chronological, descriptive].
3. Evidence. How does the author support their argument? What
evidence does the author use to prove their point? Is the evidence
based on an appropriate application of the method chosen to
gather information? Do you find that evidence convincing? Why
or why not? Does any of the author's information [or conclusions]
conflict with other books you've read, courses you've taken, or
just previous assumptions you had about the research problem?
4. Structure. How does the author structure their argument? Does
it follow a logical order of analysis? What are the parts that make
up the whole? Does the argument make sense to you? Does it
persuade you? Why or why not?
5. Take-aways. How has this book helped you understand the
research problem? Would you recommend the book to others?
Why or why not?
Beyond the content of the book, you may also consider some
information about the author and the general presentation of
information. Question to ask may include:

• The author: Who is the author? The nationality, political

persuasion, education, intellectual interests, personal history,
and historical context may provide crucial details about how a
work takes shape. Does it matter, for example, that the author is
affiliated with a particular organization? What difference would it
make if the author participated in the events, they wrote about?
What other topics has the author written about? Does this work
build on prior research or does it represent a new or unique area
of research?
• The presentation: What is the book's genre? Out of what
discipline does it emerge? Does it conform to or depart from the
conventions of its genre? These questions can provide a historical
or other contextual standard upon which to base your
evaluations. If you are reviewing the first book ever written on the
subject, it will be important for your readers to know this. Keep
in mind, though, that declarative statements about being the

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 “first,” the "best," or the "only" book of its kind can be a risky
unless you're absolutely certain because your professor
[presumably] has a much better understanding of the overall
research literature.

Lesson

2 Literature Review

The literature review is an important aspect in doing a research. With

a wide range of materials to choose from, the researcher needs to select
materials relevant to the study. Two main ways to do a literature search which
are using the traditional paper approach and electronically, by means of a
computer.
Literature review provides an overview of what has been written about
a specific topic. The review of literature includes practically all the information
and data which are authoritative and relevant to the topic of the study as in
the case of research and similar scholarly undertakings.
Purposes of Literature Review
To indicate the research that has been conducted in the area before, to ensure
you are not reinventing the wheel.

To demonstrate that you are aware of important and recent studies in your study
area. This way you ensure, that you haven’t missed an important study that
makes your research idea seem less brilliant than your first imagined.

To ensure that you haven’t missed literature detailing a novel way for you to
conduct your study or pointing you to a data-collection tool that is most
appropriate for your study.
To explain the theoretical background to your proposed research project.
To demonstrate your ability to critically analyze the literature in your study area.
This indicates that your research idea is based on a good understanding of
previous research in the area, and it also demonstrates your ability to highlight
the existing gap or any disagreements in the research area that your study
addresses.
Kinds of Literature Review
▪ Traditional – referred to as narrative literature review
▪ Integrative – this review synthesizes findings from different
approaches
▪ Syntactic – This review synthesizes high quality empirical
information
▪ Scoping – this review involves a broad research question that
explores the current evidence base.

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Citing Related Literature Using Standard Style

https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/create/detail/591 https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/create/detail/589
Figure 2 A collection of books that provides Figure 1 A periodical publication containing news,
information about a certain topic. events, interview and opinion article

https://snappygoat.com
Figure 3 A popular work published periodically

Guidelines in Writing a Literature Review

Define the topic and the audience
Search and re- search reference list
Prepare a conceptual diagram of the need for the different types of literature review

Take notes while reading

Choose the type of review you wish to write
Keep the review focused
Be critical and consistent
Find a logical structure
Make use of feedback

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 Lesson

3 Research Report

It is not farfetched to claim that most students shy away from research
paper. Research by nature, entails tedious preparation, long hours of working,
and meticulous writing. You need to know what you want to research on and
have it narrowed down so you would not have to spend unnecessary time on
matters that do not really help your research. Meticulous writing means that
every claim you make in your research is backed up so well that it leaves little
to no room for loopholes that are subject to questions and criticisms.
But then again, research is quintessential aspect of learning.

Planning Your
Browse through
Research available
Try something research
new that piques materials
Work with a your interest
familiar subject

Finding Primary Sources Observations

•open up your five senses to take note of
everything
Interviews
•planning and setting up interview/ notetaking
Finding Sources in the Library

books, periodicals,
Dewey Decimal
Encyclopedia newspaper,
System
magazines

finding sources
using internet
through the
sources
internet

Making a Working Bibliography

As you go along, keep a notebook or a set of notecards on which you

can write your working bibliography.

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 Lesson

4 Project Proposal

Defining Project Proposal

Project Proposals are documents that are written for problem solving,
service provision, event planning, or equipment selling. Generally proposals
are used to convince the reader to do what the proposal suggests, such as
buying goods or services, funding a project, or implementing a program.

Proposals are primarily categorized

according to their length. An informal
proposal is about 2-4 pages long. A formal
proposal, meanwhile, has 5 or more pages.
Regardless of their purpose and audience,
they have standard parts such as the
following:

1. Introduction
2. Project Description

Introduction

This provides the background necessary for understanding the

project, which is done by discussing the following:
 Rationale – This identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the
need to solve it.
 Objectives – These reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms
of results.
 Benefits – These show what the reader or target audience can gain
from the proposal

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Project Description
This section gives specific information about the project itself. It indicates
how the project will address the identified problem through the following
parts:
 Methodology – This detail the different activities the project will take
on, including the manpower., and resources to be utilized, and the
expected output.
 Schedule – this discusses the task duration and expected start and
end dates of each activity in the project.
 Budget – This presents an analysis of all the costs anticipated in the
project, which can be itemized or shown as a whole, depending on the
needs of the project.

Writing the Proposal: Some Guidelines

gathering data organizing data writing the revising the

proposal proposal

Lesson

5 Position Paper

Writing a Position Paper

A position paper presents an arguable opinion about an issue. The goal

of a position paper is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and
worth listening to. Ideas that you are considering need to be carefully
examined in choosing a topic, developing your argument, and organizing your
paper. It is very important to ensure that you are addressing all sides of the
issue and presenting it in a manner that is easy for your audience to
understand.

Your job is to take one side of the argument and persuade your
audience that you have well-founded knowledge of the topic being presented.
It is important to support your argument with evidence to ensure the validity
of your claims, as well as to address the counterclaims to show that you are
well informed about both sides.

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Issue Criteria

To take a side on a subject, you should first establish the plausibility of a

topic that interests you. Ask yourself the following questions to ensure that
you will be able to present a strong argument:
• Is it a real issue, with genuine controversy and uncertainty?
• Can you distinctly identify two positions?
• Are you personally interested in advocating one of these positions?
• Is the issue narrow enough to be manageable?

Analyzing an Issue and Developing an Argument

Once your topic is selected, you should do some research on the subject
matter. While you may already have an opinion on your topic and an idea
about which side of the argument you want to take, you need to ensure that
your position is well supported. Listing out the pro and con sides of the topic
will help you examine your ability to support your counterclaims, along with
a list of supporting evidence for both sides. Supporting evidence includes the
following:

• Factual Knowledge - Information that is verifiable and agreed upon

by almost everyone.
• Statistical Inferences - Interpretation and examples of an
accumulation of facts.
• Informed Opinion - Opinion developed through research and/or
expertise of the
claim.
• Personal Testimony - Personal experience related by a
knowledgeable party.

Notes from the Teacher

Once you have made your pro and con lists, compare the information
side by side. Considering your audience, as well as your own viewpoint,
choose the position you will take.

Let Us Practice

Activity 1 – Book Review

Critique a sample book review based on the guidelines in writing a book
review:
1984 by George Orwell
Lyndsey’s Reviews
(Source: https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/139017912)

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Activity 2 – Literature Review
Summarize five (5) journal articles on any of the following topics of your
choice.
1. Digital Divide
2. Utilization of Modules in the Curriculum
3. No Students Left Behind

Let Us Practice More

Below are statements based on the lesson on research. Put a check mark ()
if you agree with the statement. If you don’t agree with the statement, put an
“X” mark and explain why you disagree.

1. Beyond context of the academe, credible research can still be

accomplished even without much effort and time that one would
usually utilize when writing an academic research paper.
2. Wikipedia can be used as a source material for as long as its use and
credibility are defended to the instructor.
3. If a student does citation with the wrong format, it is dismissible. At the
very least the student tried in citing and so it is right.

Let Us Remember

Activity 1.1 K-W-L Chart

Directions: Complete now the K-W-L chart you accomplished at the beginning of the
lesson. Fill in the last column now about all the things you have learned.

Topic: ________________________________________

KNOW WONDER LEARNED

What I already Know What I Want to Know What I have Learned

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 Let Us Assess

1. It is a specialized form of agreement that develops critical thinking

and recognizing arguments in the book.
A. Critical Reading and Writing C. Book Report
B. Book Review D. Book Summary

2. It involves the crafting of the summary, analysis and evaluation of

related literature and studies of different research that has already
been performed in a certain research area.
A. Literature C. Synopsis
B. Book Review D. Literature Review

3. It is a well-crafted document that outlines the processes, data, and

findings of a systematic investigation.
A. Research C. Research Report
B. Outlining D. Literature Review

4. It is considered a one-sided account on an issue being laid. More so,

the goal of this is to convince that your opinion is valid and defensible.
A. Argument C. Position Paper
B. Literature Review D. Book Review

5. It is use for solving problems, providing services, planning events, and

even selling equipment.
A. Research Proposal C. Proposal Writing
B. Program Implementation D. Project Proposal

6. Rina has done reading “The Alchemist” by Paolo Coehlo. She realized
that it is easy to be influenced by others, but you will be miserable if
you end up living someone else’s life. She also added that there is
nothing wrong with taking advice and learning from others, but make
sure it aligns with your desires and passions. Which factor of book
review is observed?
A. Topic C. Takeaway
B. Thesis or Argument D. Evidence

7. The following are the purposes of the literature review EXCEPT.

A. To provide foundation on the knowledge of the topic
B. To identify need for additional research (justifying your
research)
C. To identify the relationship of works in context of its
contribution to the topic and other works.
D. To presents an arguable opinion about the topic presented.

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8. Mr. Ramirez is utilizing a phenomenological inquiry on the
performance of students who are experiencing digital divides in the
recent system of education. He asked relevant questions pertaining to
the study being conducted through focus-group discussion. What
primary source is employed?
A. Observation C. Survey
B. Interview D. Recording

9. The following are included in crafting the project proposal, EXCEPT:

A. Identify the issue or the problem.
B. Set the intended result of the project
C. Determine the beneficiaries of the results
D. Create a conclusion

10. Rowena is tasked to create a position paper on the social divides

in the academe. Which of the following that she needs to consider in
providing supporting evidences?
A. Factual knowledge, Statistical Inference, Informed Opinion and
Personal Testimony
B. Factual Knowledge, Data Gathering Procedure, Informed
Opinion and Personal Testimony
C. Factual Knowledge, Logical Inference, Recommendations and
Personal Testimony
D. Factual Knowledge, Logical Inference, Informed Opinion, and
Recommendation

11. The following are the purpose of writing a book review ,

EXCEPT:
A. It allows the learners to developing their critical reading skills.
B. It would help the reader to decide whether or not the book
would interest them enough to read it.
C. It enables the reader to create a summary of the content of the
book and provides its overall perspectives and purpose.
D. To determine what is known on the topic, how well this
knowledge is established and where future research might best
be directed

12. How can you organize your literature review?

A. By theme or concept C. Chronologically
B. By methodology D. All of the above

13. A valid research refers to the degree to which it accurately

measures what it intends to measure.
A. True C. False
B. Partially True D. Partially False

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 14. Luis is on the step of implementing the project on drainage
canal nearby the school. Which of the following factors that need to be
consider?
A. Cost and time C. Both a and b
B. Material used D. Quality

15. It is defined as the as the copying verbatim of language and

ideas and other writers and taking credit for them.
A. Research C. Plagiarism
B. Citation D. Crediting

Let Us Enhance

Produce a 2-3 pages long Project Proposal and use the format below to
accomplish the task. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
I. Project Background
II. Project Objectives
III. Project Methodology
IV. Project Cost

Let Us Reflect

Activity 1. Let’s Reflect!

You must have been studying hard all this time. Please write your
reflection about your journey on this lesson. Complete the statements given
below.
My journey through this lesson enabled me to learn _________________
It made me realize that _____________________________________________
Part of the lesson that I find enjoyable and helpful ___________________
Part of the lesson that I find most difficult/challenging _______________
Skills that I hope to strengthen in the next lesson ____________________
I, therefore, commit to ______________________________________________
As you finish this lesson, please remember this quotation from Octavia
E. Butler “You don’t start out writing good stuff. You start out writing crap and
thinking it’s good stuff, and then gradually you get better at it. That’s why I say
one of the most valuable traits is persistence.”

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 18
teachers and answers vary per student.
*Note: All activities that do not have answer keys should be checked by the
Let Us Practice Let Us Assess
More
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. D
12. D
13. A
14. C
15. C
Let Us Try Let Us Practice Let Us Practice
1. B More
2. A
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. D
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. B
14. B
15. C
Answer key
 References

Books:
Casinto, Carlo Domingo C., Ph.D (2016). Reading & Writing: Strategies for Critical
& Purposeful Communication. St. Francis Scholastic Publications

Gabelo, Nerissa C., Conception, Kristine Marie D, et.al. (2016). Reading-Writing:

The Effective Connection for Senior High School. Malabon City. Mutya
Publishing House, Inc.

Online Resources:

https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/bookreview
https://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~rmartin/teaching/fall17/Writing_a_Position_P
aper.pdf

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph