5. How does rational faith regulate what reason cannot comprehend?

Rational faith allows one to have a belief of a certain set of limitations on the deeds or actions.
Similar to Kant’s deontological ethics, rational faith holds that some acts are morally right to be
done and one is obliged to do so in accordance to the faith, regardless of the circumstances.
Reason, on the other hand, is sometimes hard to comprehend due to the many mysteries that
circumstances hold. Therefore, many will tend to turn to faith as a provider of a certain set of
rules to regulate one’s actions.

6. Compare stoicism and epicureanism on the aspect of the structure of the cosmos and explain
the ethical ratifications.

Stoicism gave western ethics the paradox of heteronomous approach to reality, divinity, and
individuality. It is a combination of two approaches, namely, autonomous and theonomous.
Stoicism is an ethical approach believing that: If I derive from my human nature rules of action
which could be and should be binding for everybody – otherwise I cannot speak of a morality –
then with that I admit that ...there exists something which stands above individual arbitrariness
and binds all people as common law.’

On the other hand, Epicureanism believes in materialism, and that pleasure is the primary good
in life. It argued that one should live with pleasure and luxury at the most possible during one’s
lifetime, yet still remain to ensure that it does not provide suffering by overindulgence in the said
pleasure because one’s soul, according to its belief, survives after death, hence the prospect of
punishment in the afterlife.

The two approaches connect in a way that it tells people to live one’s life in the best way it could
but should remain bound by law provided by an existence above individual arbitrariness so as to
avoid suffering in the afterlife
7. What is the ethical gist of natural law?

The natural law is an ethical theory that suggests the human beings are governed by forms of law
that exists in nature, and by which it influences the reasoning and behavior of oneself.
Consequentialism, in contrast, is an ethical theory that suggests that one’s deeds or acts are
deemed right or wrong depending on the consequences by which the act or deed leads to.

Natural law is interconnected with Consequentialism because the behavior or reason one makes
upon doing an act will directly lead to judgment of whether such act is morally right or wrong,
depending on the consequence of such action.

8. Explain the meaning of the synthetic apriori knowledge and relate it to ethics.

A priori is denoting a knowledge based on theoretical deduction rather than from experience or
observation. In ethics, it is a principle by which one acts in accordance to virtue, or what the
basic moral principle may be. In this sense, one creates a conclusion of what is right or morally
correct based on theoretical deductions, rather than earning its knowledge by observation or
experience.

9. Compare Nietzsche’s ethical principle of self-mastery and overcoming of nature to Aristotle’s

doctrine of the mean.

Nietzsche argued that two types of morality existed: a master morality that springs actively from
the "nobleman", and a slave morality that develops reactively within the weak man. Aristotle’s
doctrine of the mean, on the other hand, holds that every virtue is somewhere between the
vicious extremes of excess and deficiency.