Trusses- A truss is a structure composed of

slender members joined together at their end

points. The joint connections are usually
formed by bolting or welding the ends of the
members to a common plate called gusset.
Planar trusses lie in a single plane & are often
used to support roof or bridges.

Roof Trusses- They are often used as part of an

industrial building frame. Roof load is
transmitted to the truss at the joints by means
of a series of purlins. To keep the frame rigid and thereby capable of resisting horizontal wind
forces, knee braces are sometimes used at the supporting column.

Bridge Trusses- Here it is seen that a load

on the deck is first transmitted to stringers,
then to floor beams, and finally to the joints
of the two supporting side trusses. The top
and bottom cords of these side trusses are
connected by top and bottom lateral
bracing, which serves to resist the lateral
forces caused by wind and the sideway
caused by moving vehicles on the bridge.
Additional stability is provided by the portal
and sway bracing. As in the case of many long-span trusses, a roller is provided at one end of a
bridge truss to allow for thermal expansion.

Frames- Frames are often used in buildings and are composed of beams and columns that are
either pin or fixed connected. Frame members are like beams in that they are mainly designed
to carry transverse loads along their length. These external loads cause internal forces like
shear and bending moment.
Arches- Are structures composed of curvilinear members resting on supports. They are used for
large-span structures, such as airplane hangars and long-span bridges.

Cables- are flexible structures that support the applied transverse loads by the tensile
resistance developed in its members. Cables are used in suspension bridges, tension leg
offshore platforms, transmission lines, and
several other engineering applications.

Surface Structures- A surface structure is made from materials having a very small thickness
compared to its other dimensions. Sometimes
this material is very flexible and can take the
form of a tent or air-inflated structure. In both cases the materials acts as a membrane that is
subjected to pure tension.

Reference:

https://www.sheehan.com.ph/roof-trusses.html

https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/83d1426394bf2eb3ef440fa380c50805/Tube-Truss-
Bridge

https://www.hiclipart.com/free-transparent-background-png-clipart-yueob

http://www.understandconstruction.com/steel-frame-structures.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch

https://www.pfeifer.info/en/pfeifer-group/business-units/cable-structures/

http://www.kb-vt.com/index.php?id=292

https://www.slideshare.net/zabihullahnasiri/type-of-building-structures

http://www.civilprojectsonline.com/building-construction/development-of-surface-active-
structure-system/