GE 104 Lecture 1

GE 104
ENGINEERING
SURVEYS
ENGR. JIGG PELAYO, GE, EnP
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO
ENGINEERING SURVEYS
LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

TOPIC 1. INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING SURVEYS
◂ Understand the definition of terms related to
Engineering Surveys;
◂ Explain the general concepts and principles of
Engineering Surveys and its applications;
◂ Identify the practices of Geodetic Engineering;
◂ Recognize legal implications and specifications
of a Professional Surveyor / Geodetic Engineer;
◂ Identify the practices of a Geodetic Engineer;
◂ Identify the importance and significance of
Engineering Surveys.

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“ Either you run the
day or the day
runs you.
”
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TOPIC 1.1
What is
Engineering
Survey?

ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ New constructible projects typically begin with an Engineering
Design Survey, requested by the civil engineer in charge of the
project design.
◂ These surveys include ground level topography, and the
location and documentation of visible evidence of existing
improvements.
◂ Engineering Surveying is the broad term used to describe the
work of surveyors on civil engineering jobs. The role of an
engineering surveyor is a lot larger than simply set out for
construction of a structure and survey pick-ups.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ Engineering Surveyors will usually be the professionals who
first examine a finished design for a project and often will
identify any design or practicality issues.
◂ Engineering Surveyors will use a wide range of instruments to
assist them with their on-site work. The most common of these
will be the Total Station, GPS and Dumpy Level or Digital Level.
◂ During the design survey, the Professional Land Surveyor works
closely with the civil engineer to gather the “as-built” existing
site conditions in and around the proposed project, and
determine all of the controlling elements to be used as the
basis for the project design.
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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ The surveyor receives the plans for the job and after review, will
begin to draw them on a CAD based computer programme.
◂ During the drawing and calculation stage, the surveyor will be
able to identify any issues in the design or any they see in
terms of the practicalities of building the structure.
◂ If any issues are found, the surveyor will liaise with the
engineering team and help in a preparation of a technical
query.
◂ Once the design is plotted and calculations are completed, the
work on site will begin.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ The surveyors will first establish a network of control points
around the site in a position predetermined with engineers
and supervisors on site.
◂ The control points need to be in useful, safe and accessible
areas but also in areas where they will not be disturbed.
◂ When the work commences, the surveyors always
communicate with the site supervisor and discuss which is the
best and safest way to proceed with the setting out or survey
task at hand.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ Once all the survey data has been recorded, the Engineering
Surveyor will return to the office to process the data, complete
calculations and finally complete the as-built documentation.
◂ The as-built documentation may be presented on a drawing,
spreadsheet or a combination of both.
◂ Engineering Surveys incorporate elements from land,
hydrographic and geophysical surveys.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ What is Engineering Survey (by formal definition) ? Why
Surveyors Are Critical to Public Works ?
◂ Surveying is involved in everything — from accurately drawing
boundaries between private and public land, to inspecting
bridges and other critical infrastructure.
◂ Engineering Surveys include all survey activities required to
support the sound conception, planning, design, construction,
maintenance and operation of engineered projects, rights-of-
way and easement acquisitions relative to the extent of the
project.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ Surveying is involved in everything — from accurately drawing
boundaries between private and public land, to inspecting
bridges and other critical infrastructure.
◂ Engineering Surveys include all survey activities required to
support the sound conception, planning, design, construction,
maintenance and operation of engineered projects, rights-of-
way and easement acquisitions relative to the extent of the
project.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects,
financed and constructed by the government, for recreational,
employment, and health and safety uses in the greater
community.
◂ Without surveying, the placement, security, and safety of
projects cannot be assured. This can be thoroughly discuss in
section 1.3 of this lecture.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ The Relationship Between Civil Engineering and Surveying
◂ Civil engineering is a complex discipline. In fact, it’s the second
oldest engineering discipline apart from military engineering.
Civil engineering is often associated with public works, but
that’s not all it is.
◂ Civil engineering is any type of engineering that involves
building infrastructure on top of the environment: Canals,
bridges, and pipelines are most notable.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ The Relationship Between Civil Engineering and Surveying
◂ Since civil engineering involves directly impacting the
environment (often in a significant way), surveys are incredibly
important.
◂ Surveys make sure that protected environment isn’t adversely
affected, that the structure is safe, and that the project is
overall as efficient as possible.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ The major process of the Engineering Surveys done in three
simple steps. They are;
◂ Legal / Technical Research
◂ First, Geodetic Engineer will execute legal research of the area
before they have a look into the land. They will search and find
out the history of the property deed including a title search for
all adjacent property. Basemaps and Lot data computations
will also be checked and collected from pertinent
agencies/intuition. This will ensure that the property does not
have any discrepancies.

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ENGINEERING SURVEY
◂ Field Surveying
◂ After researching the land, the Geodetic Engineer will now do
the field surveying in which they will visit the site and have a
look at it. The surveyor will draw out a sketch of the property,
the boundaries and edges, and the elements and
characteristics.
◂ Map and Report
◂ Finally, the Geodetic Engineer will provide a map that includes
the legal boundary details of your project site. They will also
provide a report mentioning the coordinates, address, location,
adjacent properties, and possible land improvements.
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TOPIC 1.2
Property Surveyor

PROPERTY SURVEYOR
◂ A property surveyor takes precise measurements to identify the
boundaries of a parcel of land and prepares reports, maps, and
plots that are used for construction, deeds, or other legal
documents.
◂ A property surveyor determines the precise location of roads,
buildings, and other features that are used to determine any
changes to the property line, restrictions on what may be built
on a property or where new structures must be located, how
large structures may be, and the appropriate building depths
for foundations.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ PRACTICE OF GEODETIC ENGINEERING – The practice of
Geodetic Engineering is a professional and organized act of
gathering physical data on the surface of the earth with the
use of precision instruments. It is also the scientific and
methodical processing of these data and presenting them on
graphs, plans, maps, charts or documents. It shall embrace, but
is not limited to, the following activities: RA 8560 Sec. 2

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ Professional Geodetic Engineering services with the use of surveying
and mapping equipment such as graduated rods, measuring tapes,
transits, levels, theodolites, fathometers/echosounders, electronic
distance meters, global positioning systems, stereoplotters and other
instruments that are used to determine metes and bounds of lands
positions of points on the surface of the earth, water depths,
underwater configuration, ground elevation, gravity, isostacy, crustal
movements and the size and shape of the earth, and other
instruments used for construction survey, and those instruments used
to guide the installation of large industrial equipment and
machineries;

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ Horizontal and vertical control surveys and political boundary surveys;
◂ Land surveys to determine their metes and bounds and prepare the
plans thereof for titling and for other purposes;
◂ Subdivision, consolidation and/or consolidation-subdivision of titled

properties;
◂ Submission of survey plans of subdivided, consolidated and/or

consolidated subdivision titled properties to the government agencies
concerned; using the numbering system and projection prescribed by
the government;

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ Preparation and making of sketch, lot and location plans;
◂ Conduction of engineering surveys and the technical preparation of
engineering survey plans such as topographic, hydrographic, tidal,
profile, cross-section, construction and boundary surveys;
◂ Parcellary surveys of lands traversed by infrastructure projects; and the

preparation of subdivision plans;
◂ Conduction of gravimetric and photogrammetric survey and the

technical preparation of such survey plans;
◂ Survey and mapping works such as the preparation of geographic

and/or land information systems;
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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ Survey to determine and establish line and grade for the construction
of buildings and other structures and its attachments;
◂ Construction of as-staked and as-built surveys for infrastructures;

◂ Conduction of mineral and mining surveys;
◂ Installation of machineries requiring the use of precision instruments;
◂ Engagement in the transfer of the knowledge and technology of
geodetic engineering in any institution of learning;
◂ Provision of consultancy services in geodetic engineering.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ GEODETIC ENGINEER – A Geodetic Engineer is a natural
person who has been issued a Certificate of Registration by the
Board of Geodetic Engineering and has taken the Oath of
Profession of Geodetic Engineers. RA 8560 Sec. 2
◂ GEODETIC ENGINEER – A geodetic Engineer is a natural

person who has been issued a Certificate of Registration and
Identification Card by the Board and the Commission. IRR RA
9200 Rule II Sec. 1.e

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ GEODETIC ENGINEER – shall refer to a natural person with
professional expertise in the field of surveying and the
corresponding survey data presentation in the form of maps,
plans, geo-spatial digital maps, etc.; either in the government
service or in the private practice, and who has been issued a
Certificate of Registration and Identification Card by the PRC -
Board of Geodetic Engineering. DAO 2007-29 Section 3.d

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SPECIFICATIONS
◂ HOW TO BE A REGISTERED GEODETIC ENGINEER?
◂ IRR of RA 8560 Sec. 15
◂ All persons desiring to register as Geodetic Engineers and
practice the profession must pass the licensure examination
for the practice of Geodetic Engineering.
◂ IRR of RA 8560 Sec. 17
◂ All applicants for registration and admission to the practice of
the Geodetic Engineers Profession shall be required to take
and pass the geodetic engineering licensure examination.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS
◂ LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR GE – shall refer to the written
technical licensure examination given by the Board and
administered by the Commission to measure the basic
knowledge and technical competence of applicants for
registration as geodetic engineers and entry in to the practice
of geodetic engineering. IRR OF RA 8560 Sec. 3.12
◂ BOARD – shall mean the Board of Geodetic Engineering. IRR OF
RA 8560 Sec. 3.3
◂ COMMISSION – shall mean the Professional Regulation

Commission (PRC) created under P.D. No. 223 as amended. IRR
OF RA 8560 Sec. 3.1

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THE BOARD
◂ Board of Geodetic Engineering from 2015 to present.
ENGR. EPIFANIO D. LOPEZ

Chairman
ENGR. RANDOLF S. VICENTE ENGR. CONCORDIO D. ZUÑIGA
Member Member

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QUALIFICATIONS
◂ Qualifications of Applicants for Board Examination:
IRR of RA 8560 Sec. 18
◂ he/she is a citizen of the Philippines.

◂ he/she is a graduate of Bachelor of Sciences in Geodetic
Engineering in a school, academy, institute, college or
university duly recognized by the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED).
◂ he/she is of good moral character.
◂ he/she is physically and mentally healthy.

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APPLICATIONS
◂ How to apply for PRC Board Examination?
◂ The applicants for examination shall file a computerized

application from provided by the commission free of charge,
duly accomplished, in the Application Division of the
Commission in any of its regional offices designated a testing
centers for the profession accompanied by authentic or
authenticated copies of the required documents.

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APPLICATIONS
◂ The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) has started
implementing the Licensure Examination and Registration
Information System (LERIS) for the processing of examination
applications, initial registration for the issuance of licenses, and
license renewals.
◂ For the procedures and steps in PRC online registration and
PRC online application check the following links:
◂ https://techpilipinas.com/prc-online-registration-application-guide/
◂ https://www.prc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/LERIS-Online-Step-by-Step-Procedure.pdf

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APPLICATIONS
◂ Online application to printable forms.

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APPLICATIONS
◂ What are the requirements for application?
◂ NSO / PSA Birth Certificate
◂ NSO / PSA Marriage Contract (for married female applicants)
◂ Transcript of Records with scanned picture and Remarks "For Board
Examination Purposes"
◂ (First Timer & Repeater)
◂ Payment:
◂ P900.00 - Complete
◂ P450.00 - Conditioned / Removal
◂ *After three (3) failures, REST one (1) year - for validation - FTB

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SCOPE OF EXAMINATION
◂ What are the Scope of Examination?
◂ Laws, Rules and Regulations - 20%

◂ Public Land Laws, Laws on Property, Laws on Natural
Resources, Land Registration Laws, Land Reform Laws, Laws
on Obligation and Contracts, Professional and Ethical Practice,
Rules and Regulations governing Land Surveying.

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◂ Mathematics - 20%
◂ Algebra, Solid Geometry, Analytical Geometry, Engineering
Economics, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, Differential and
Integral Calculus, Mechanics.

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◂ Theory and Practice Surveying - 20%

◂ Property Surveying, Isolated, Mineral and Mining Surveys,
Cadastral Land Surveying, Astronomy, Route Survey and
Earthworks, Hydrographic and Topographic Surveying,
Photogrammetry, Geographic Information System, Remote
Sensing, Engineering Surveys and Construction Surveying.

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◂ Geodesy - 20%
◂ Geodetic Surveying, Geodetic Astronomy, Geodetic
Triangulations, Geodetic Leveling, Gravity Measurement, Least
Squares, GNSS, Physical Geodesy, Geometric Geodesy and
Satellite Geodesy.

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◂ Cartography - 20%
◂ Plotting and Mapping of Isolated, Mineral, Cadastral,
Hydrographic, Geographic Information System, Remote
Sensing, Photogrammetric Surveys and Map Projections.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Places and Dates of Examination.
◂ The places / venues and dates of examination for the year shall
be included in the Schedule of Professional Licensure
Examination issued annually by the Commission.

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OTHER DETAILS

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ General Instruction to Examinees
◂ Examinees should report before 06:30 in the morning every
examination day. LATE EXAMINEES WILL NOT BE ADMITTED.
◂ Bring the following: Notice of Admission (NOA), PRC Official
Receipt, pencils no. 1 or 2, black ball pens, PRC approved
calculators, metered-stamped window mailing envelope, long
brown and long plastic envelopes.
◂ CELLULAR PHONES AND OTHER ELECTRONIC GADGETS ARE
STRICTLY PROHIBITED.
◂ Wear the prescribed dress code.
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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Female
◂ white blouse or shirt
with collar
◂ Decent pants, slacks or
◂ Male skirt
◂ white polo or shirt with
collar
◂ decent pants or slacks

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ What is the required rating to passed the Exam ?
◂ To pass the board examination for GE, a candidate must

obtain a weighted general average of 70%, with no grade
lower than 55% in any subject.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Removal Examination
◂ An examinee who obtained a weighted general average rating

of at least 70% or higher but obtained a rating below 55% in
any given subject/s must take an examination only in the
subject or subjects where he obtained a grade below 55%
within a period of one (1) year from the last examination taken;
provided, that if such examinee fails to obtain a rating of at
least 55% in each of the subject/s re-examined, he shall be
considered to have failed in both examinations.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Re-Examination
◂ An applicant who fails to pass the examination for the third

time shall be allowed to take another examination only after
the lapse of one year from the last examination taken.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Report of Ratings
◂ The Board shall submit to the Commission the rating obtained

by each candidate within twenty (20) days after the
examination, unless extended for just cause.
◂ After the release of the result of the examination, the rating

received by each examinee shall be mailed to his given
address using the mailing envelope submitted during the
examination.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Oath
◂ All successful candidates in the examination shall be required

to take an oath of profession before the Board or any
government official authorized to administer oaths, prior to
entering upon the practice of the Geodetic Engineering
profession.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Oath Registration of Successful Examinees
◂ All examinees who passed the licensure examination for GE

shall, unless specifically deferred for cause by the Board and
the Commission, be registered after taking the oath of a
professional and payment of the required fees.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Certificate of Registration and Professional License
RA 8560 Sec. 19
◂ The Certificate of Registration of a professional Geodetic

Engineer shall bear the signatures of the Chairman of the
Board and the Chairman of the Professional Regulation
Commission and stamped with the official seal of the Board
indicating that the person named therein is a registered
Geodetic Engineer.

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OTHER DETAILS
RA 8560 Sec. 19
◂ A professional license bearing the registration number, date of

issuance, expiry date and duly signed by the Chairman of the
Board, shall likewise be issued to every registrant, upon
payment of the professional fees. No person shall practice
Geodetic Engineering in this country unless such person shall
have secured a license to practice Geodetic Engineering in the
manner herein provided. A licensee is entitled to practice the
profession with all the privileges appurtenant thereto until the
expiration of the validity of his license.
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OTHER DETAILS
RA 8560 Sec. 21
◂ The Geodetic Engineer shall be required to indicate his

professional license number, the duration of validity, including
the professional tax receipt number on the documents he
signs, uses or issues in connection with the practice of his
profession.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Grounds for suspension and revocation of license, cancellation
of temporary/special permit
RA 8560 Sec. 22
◂ The Board shall have the power, upon due notice and hearing,
to revoke or suspend the license of a Geodetic Engineer, or to
cancel a temporary/special permit for any cause specified in
the proceeding sections, including but not limited to: the use
or perpetration of any fraud or deceit in obtaining a certificate
of registration, or for incompetence, negligence, or for
abetment of the illegal practice of Geodetic Engineering;

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Grounds for suspension and revocation of license, cancellation
of temporary/special permit
RA 8560 Sec. 22
◂ violation of the provisions of this Act, its implementing rules

and regulations and/or violation of the policies of the Board
including the Code of Ethics for Geodetic Engineers: Provided,
however, That such action of the Board shall be subject to
appeal to the Commission, within fifteen (15) days from written
notice.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ How to register for PRC Registration?
RA 8560 Sec. 22
◂ Those who will register after passing the board exam are
required to bring the following to the PRC office:
◂ duly accomplished Oath Form or Panunumpa ng Propesyonal.
◂ Notice of Admission (for identification only).
◂ 2 pieces passport sized pictures (colored with white
background and complete name tag).
◂ 2 sets of documentary stamps.
◂ 1 piece short brown envelope.

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OTHER DETAILS

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ PRC issued a
Certificate of
Good Standing
and Certificate of
Board Passer

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card
RA 9200 Sec. 3
◂ A Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification

Card shall be issued to applicants who pass the examination
for Geodetic Engineers subject to the payment of registration
fees.

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OTHER DETAILS
RA 9200 Sec. 3
◂ The Certificate of Registration of a Geodetic Engineer shall

bear the signatures of the Chairman of the Board and the
Chairman of the Professional Regulation Commission and
stamped with the official seal of the Board indicating that the
person named therein is a registered Geodetic Engineer.

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OTHER DETAILS
PASSPORT
SIZE PHOTO

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OTHER DETAILS
RA 9200 Sec. 3
◂ A professional identification card bearing the registration

number, date of issuance, expiry date and duly signed by the
Chairman of the Board, shall likewise be issued to every
registrant upon payment of the professional fees. No person
shall practice Geodetic Engineering in this country unless such
person shall have secured a license to practice Geodetic
Engineering in the manner herein provided. A license is
entitled to practice the profession with all the privileges
appurtenant thereto.
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OTHER DETAILS
GEODETIC ENGINEER

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Renewal of Professional License
IRR RA 8560 Sec. 31
◂ The professional license issued to a GE shall be valid for 3 years

and, unless the holder thereof is exempt from CPE
requirement, shall be renewed every 3 years on the birth-
month of the GE upon presentation of required Continuing
Professional Education (CPE) credit units earned and payment
of the fees for the period of the license.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Persons Authorize To Conduct Land Survey
IRR RA 8560 Sec. 31
◂ A Geodetic Engineer in private practice may file an application

in one or more LMS Offices where the land survey will be
executed, through the payment of the required fees and
submission of the following requirements:
◂ Professional Identification Card ◂ Total Station or Transit or
◂ Current Professional Tax Receipt (PTR) GNSS Receiver etc.
◂ Tax Identification Number (TIN) ◂ LMB Certificate of Instrument
◂ GE Dry Seal Registration (CIR)
◂ Index Card (specimen signature, etc.)

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Persons Authorize to Conduct Land Survey
DENR Administrative Order no. 2010-05 Sec. 9
◂ All Land Surveys and mapping activities under the scope and coverage of
this regulation intended for disposition, registration and other purposes
shall be made only by a Geodetic Engineer.
a. He / She shall be a holder of a valid Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC) registration, valid PRC identification card, current professional tax
receipt (PTR) and tax identification number (TIN).
b. Geodetic Engineers in government service may execute surveys on
government projects upon authority/order issued by a court or authorized
official of the concerned agency. Section 9a above shall also apply to them,
except PTR.
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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Professional Tax
RA 7160 Sec. 139
◂ The province may levy an annual professional

tax on each person engaged in the exercise or
practice of his profession requiring
government examination at such amount
and reasonable classification as the
sangguniang panlalawigan may determine
but shall in no case exceed P300.00.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ The professional tax shall be payable annually,
on or before the 31st day of January.
◂ Professionals exclusively employed in the

government shall be exempt from the payment
of this tax.
◂ Any person subject to the professional tax shall

write in deeds, receipts, prescriptions, reports,
books of account, plans and designs, surveys
and maps, as the case may be, the number of
the official receipt issued to him.
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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Indication of Certificate of Registration Number and
Professional Tax Receipt (PTR).
RA 9200 Sec. 4
◂ The Geodetic Engineer shall be required to indicate his

certificate of registration number including the professional
tax receipt (PTR) number on the documents he signs, uses or
issues in connection with the practice of this profession.

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OTHER DETAILS

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OTHER DETAILS

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OTHER DETAILS

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Tax Identification Number (TIN)
Tax Code Sec. 236.i
◂ Any person, whether natural or

juridical, required under the
authority of the Internal Revenue
Code to make, render or file a return, statement or other
documents, shall be supplied with or assigned a Tax
Identification Number (TIN) to be indicated in the return
statement or document to be filed with the Bureau of Internal
Revenue, for his/her proper identification for tax purposes.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Geodetic Engineer’s (GE) Dry Seal
◂ In order to insure the authenticity of survey

returns submitted to the DENR in accordance
with laws and standing regulations, and to
protect the public, all concerned practicing
GE’s are hereby required to use GE dry seal
with an engraved PRC Registration Number
and the Date of Issuance.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Survey Returns
◂ shall refer to the collective documents submitted by a

Geodetic Engineer (GE) as a result of the survey conducted
and other relevant documents as may be required.

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Geodetic Engineer’s Index Cards
◂ The Regional Surveys Division (RSD) shall maintain an Index

Card for every practicing GE which shall be signed by the said
GE in every submission of their survey returns. The said Index
Card shall contain the name of the GE, gender, date of birth,
PRC Registration No., and the date of issuance and space for
three (3) specimen signature and three (3) initials.

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Name: Juan S. Dela Cruz
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: 01/02/1992
GEODETIC ENGINEER
PRC ID No.: 0012345
Date Issued: 09/01/2014

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OTHER DETAILS
◂ Calibration and Registration of Surveying Instruments
◂ All conventional survey instruments, GNSS receivers and smart

stations shall be properly calibrated by and registered to the
LMB/LMS before it can be used for any kind of survey.
◂ Surveys made with instruments without valid registration shall

not be accepted for verification and approval.

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OTHER DETAILS

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TOPIC 1.3
Why Engineering
Survey is Important?

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
◂ Engineering surveys encompass planning and design, quality control,
performance monitoring and more. Each of these multidisciplinary
factors can provide a range of advantages for any project. Here are
some of the reasons in which surveying is so incredibly important:
◂ Plan and Coordinate Your Work
◂ Safer, Strong Structures
◂ Insights into Amounts
◂ Collect Accurate Data
◂ Resolve Legal Issues Between Private and Public Property
◂ Inspect High Risk Areas

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◂ It would be an understatement to say that there is a lot going on at a
construction site. From earthworks to retaining walls, and much more,
every step has its place and needs to be properly organized.
◂ An engineering survey can help to achieve the required efficiency, by
analyzing the civil works you will need and setting them all out.
◂ The survey will put all the information you need in front of you,
promoting project success.
◂ Engineers can be trained in any number of types of construction,
ranching from architectural to mechanical or structural. In any
circumstance, other engineering field will work alongside a surveyor.

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◂ Here are some examples of such collaboration:
◂ The surveyor provides important information about the site to
architects and engineers, which helps them to list out the important
site-specific details they need to take into account for a project.
◂ The surveyor can provide the engineer with information about where
exactly the bridge footings should be located, and the civil engineer
can then determine how much weight the bridge can hold and the
specific building strategies that need to be used for it.
◂ The surveyor will just about always be used for surveying the site
before construction actually starts. This ensures the engineers will
have an optimal location for the structure to be built.
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◂ For any project, it’s highly important to ensure all structures and
facilities will meet their performance needs on an ongoing basis. An
engineering survey is as much about safety as anything and it can
provide insights to ensure that new and existing structures are fit for
purpose.
◂ Beyond the safety element, this is also important to ensure that plans
and processes meet all the relevant requirements. The expert
knowledge of your surveyor will ensure that all parties are satisfied,
including local councils and building contractors.

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◂ As construction proceeds, the surveyors are in charge of making sure
the engineer’s plans are carried out, down to the letter.
◂ This often involves enforcing accuracy down to the centimeter or
millimeter of the engineer’s plans and constantly performing checks
to make sure the structure is aligned with the correct location on the
property.

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◂ Insights into Amounts
◂ How much of what you need is just as important as how you go about
your work. Being perfectly equipped – even over equipped – can
mean that you are ready for anything, even unexpected
developments.
◂ An engineering survey will also encompass extensive calculations
about quantities and volumes, ensuring the full specifications for your
project are laid out in front of you. Sometimes this will even include
drawings to add an extra dimension to your insights.

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◂ Collection of Accurate Data
◂ Collecting accurate data is essential to the future of a project. With
the right drone surveys, 3D simulations can be created. As an
example, a new road could impact water flows, or could cause issues
of erosion for the surrounding environment.
◂ Once accurate drone surveys have been completed, lawmakers will
be able to better support their case in the public. And the public will
be able to make more knowledgeable decisions overall. Data
collected for a proposal could also indicate that a project is unsafe, in
which case lawmakers would want to know this before they support
the initiatives themselves.

91
◂ Property issues can become a big dispute, specially with construction
projects. When civil engineering projects are initiated, there can often
be issues between public property and private ownership.
◂ Boundary surveys may be needed to resolve whose land is being
developed. With cutting edge surveying technology, the data can be
utilized to help determine where private land ends and public lands
begin. This can prevent both costly acquisitions and the use of
eminent domain.
◂ This heads off legal issues before they become major problems,
eliminating delays to important public works problems, and assuring
citizens that only public land is being developed.
92
◂ Surveying and civil engineering is critically linked, and there are many
ways in which drone technology can help civil engineers complete
their work. Whether the project is public or private, it’s important that
the environment around the development be thoroughly scanned
and surveyed. UAV technology, combined with technologies such as
LiDAR scanning, can produce highly accurate, cost-effective surveys
for all types of engineering projects.

93
◂ Drones are continually proving to be powerful commercial tools,
simultaneously providing adopters with leaps in efficiency and safety.
The surveying and mapping industry is no exception.
◂ Through the use of drones, bridge surveys (and other types of high-risk
surveys) can be completed without any risk to personnel. A drone
bridge inspection is naturally less dangerous than a conventional
survey, as drones can get into areas that a person could not easily (or
safely) get into.
◂ Drones can fly around a bridge or other complex infrastructure easily,
thereby conducting more in-depth surveys and increasing the overall
safety of the bridge.
94
◂ Many of the bridges in the Philippines are in disrepair, and it isn’t the
bridges alone that are an issue. Canals, dams, and other civil
infrastructure could be at risk of falling apart, because they aren’t
being frequently inspected.
◂ Dams are among other, similar, infrastructure which cannot be easily
inspected, and consequently may have issues that need to be
repaired but haven’t yet been revealed.
◂ Drones can fly very close to the ground, and they can hover, which
means they can inspect areas that are otherwise inaccessible. And all
of this makes it more likely to complete projects safely.

95
“Whether you think
you can or think you
can’t, you’re right.

”
96
THANK YOU

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GE 104

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ Subdivision, consolidation and/or consolidation-subdivision of titled

◂ Submission of survey plans of subdivided, consolidated and/or

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ Parcellary surveys of lands traversed by infrastructure projects; and the

◂ Conduction of gravimetric and photogrammetric survey and the

◂ Survey and mapping works such as the preparation of geographic

◂ Construction of as-staked and as-built surveys for infrastructures;

◂ Provision of consultancy services in geodetic engineering.

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ GEODETIC ENGINEER – A geodetic Engineer is a natural

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ COMMISSION – shall mean the Professional Regulation

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

ENGR. EPIFANIO D. LOPEZ

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ he/she is a citizen of the Philippines.

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ The applicants for examination shall file a computerized

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ Laws, Rules and Regulations - 20%

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ Theory and Practice Surveying - 20%

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ To pass the board examination for GE, a candidate must

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ An examinee who obtained a weighted general average rating

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ An applicant who fails to pass the examination for the third

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ The Board shall submit to the Commission the rating obtained

◂ After the release of the result of the examination, the rating

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS

◂ All successful candidates in the examination shall be required

LECTURE NOTES IN GE 104: ENGINEERING SURVEYS