Scissor Jack Design Report

Scissor jack design
DESIGN OF DOUBLE SCISSOR JACK
I am going to design a scissor jack, which is

used to lift an automobile during tire replacement. The
Jack we design is manually operated and manufactured
from locally available materials with the use of simple
manufacturing methods.
SELEMON ASSEFA ( BSc)
Phone number: +251937620937

Selemonassefa77@gmail.com
ADDIS ABEBA, ETHIOPIA

AMBO UNIVERSITY
MECHANICAL ENGNEERING DEPT.
Scissor jack design
CHAPTER I
INTODUCTION
1.1 MECHANICAL JACK

A jack is mechanical device used to lift heavy loads or apply great forces. Jacks employ a
screw thread or hydraulic cylinder to apply very high linear forces.
A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most common form is a car
jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that the maintenance can be performed.
Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual
force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater
distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for a maximum lifting capacity.
A scissor jack is a device which is used to lift heavy vehicles, partially or fully in the air for
breakdown and maintenance. Scissor jack includes one power screw which is rotating, two
fixed nuts, four links which is connected to nuts, eight pins used to fixed that four links, two
rings provided at screw end and load platform supported by upper two links. Now a day,
different types of car jacks are available for lifting vehicles. However available car jacks are
either manually operated or using external power operated.
Fig 1.1
A scissor jack is operated with the help of lead screw which is in rotary or turning motion. In
this case on the horizontal plane a small force is applied which is used to lower or raise the
load. Scissor jack is a mechanism made up of nut and bolt arrangement and its principle of
working is same as that of inclined plane. Where a shaft rotates in its bearing on which
threads are wound around it. Mainly there are three types of Jack. i.e. Screw jack, Hydraulic
jack and Toggle (scissor) Jack. Out of which screw jack and toggle jack uses lead screw or
power screw for their
Functioning and the hydraulic jack use liquid instead of screw for the same. The design of
power screw used in scissor jack decreases the intensity of force required to drive the
mechanism by the user. With better design of power screw it is possible to magnify the force
required to rotate the screw. Power screw is nothing but the shaft which has threads around it,
used to convert rotary motion into translator motion.
Scissor jack is one of the most widely used accessories for lifting vehicles and light or heavy
equipment’s. It is relatively cheaper than its counterparts and most widely and readily
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Scissor jack design
available. It is made up of High Carbon Steel and other alloying elements which impart
strength and ductility. It is rigid in construction but flexible in its pattern of usage. In the
repair and maintenance of automobiles (car), it is often necessary to raise an automobile to
change a tire or access the underside of the automobile.
A scissor lift (jack) or mechanism is device used to extend or position a platform by
mechanical means. The terms "Scissor" comes from the mechanism utilized which is
configured with linked, folding supports in a crisscross 'X' pattern. The extension or
displacement motion is achieved applying of force to one of the supports resulting and an
elongation of the crossing pattern.
The force applied to extend the scissor mechanism may be hydraulic, pneumatic or
mechanical (via a lead screw or rack and pinion system).
Fig 1.2
Automotive jacks are classified as:
Fig 1.3
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Scissor jack design
1.2 BACKGROUND
Before the invention of weight lifting device such as scissor jack, hydraulic
jack, crane etc the early man apply a crude way of lifting object to great heights through the
uses of ropes and rollers, which was mostly applied in the construction area.
In the repair and maintenance of automobiles (car), it is often necessary to raise an

automobile to change a tire or access the underside of the automobile. Accordingly, a
variety of car jacks have been developed for lifting an automobile from a ground surface.
Available jacks are however large, heavy and also difficult to store, transport, carry or move
into the proper position under an automobile. In addition, to the difficulties in assembling
and setting up jacks, such jacks are generally not adapted to be readily disassembled and
stored after automobile repairs have been completed. Suppose car jacks must be easy to
use for any person or whoever had problem with the tire in the middle of nowhere.
There also reports on car jacks which lead to a serious number of accidents. These are due
of safety features that are on conventional car jacks are not enough. A specified jack
purposed to hold up to 1000 kilograms, but tests undertaken by Consumer Affairs has
revealed that is fails to work after lifting 250 kilograms and may physically break when it has
a weight close to its 1000 kilograms capacity.
Because of the interference between machine and human lives there is need for
standardization of its component parts to improve its performance, efficiency and to reduce
failure. For this reason care has to be taken during production and assembly of its
component parts. Many tools and equipment’s used in automotive industry are designed to
help the personnel working effectively such tools include the lifting device generally called
JACKS.
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENTS
Automotive parts are mostly made of metal, which is a major reason for
its large weight, and as such requires devices of lifting and displacement of same. In
an automobile production, assembly and maintenance facility, components have to
be raised to certain heights w hich could be more convenient to the pers onnel
w orking on it. When s uch device is not available workers are often forced to bend from
the waist to access the components which can lead to strains and major discomforts or even
serious injuries that could affect productivity Consequently, a scissor jack that will be
adjustable will be required for use in the automotive industry to improve the efficiency of
personnel working in a production, assembly or maintenance facility. In order to do
this, a mechanism is recommended to be incorporated into a scissor lifting platform
(scissor jack) where the height is adjustable.
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Scissor jack design
1.4 PROBLEM SOLUTION
In recent years, various platforms or devices with various

means of application have been produced for use in the automotive industry. The
automotive industries have also experience the influx of various lifting platform, some
of which are;
 Electrically operated lifting device which is operated by the turning effect of

electric motor to drive the gear which will eventually turn a screw shaft to raise
or lower load.
 Hydraulic operated lifting platform which utilize the pressure power developed
from hydraulic oil to raise or lower a load.
 Pneumatic lifting device which make use of air to create pressure or vacuum to
raise or lower load.
All this lifting devices have contributed greatly to the advancement recently being
experienced in the automotive industry, but most of them are still faced with various
challenges.
The most common problem encountered while using scissor jack is the instability of jack
while giving jerks to loosen the wheel nut. Also the common jack having small base is unable
to provide proper support on uneven surface esp. off-road and no inclination in that jack is
tolerable. This report presents a scissors mechanism with a table platform that
will be horizontal at every level. The proposed mechanism is operated by manually and
we design a double scissors for stability.
1.5 OBJECTIVE
1.5.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The general objective of this project is:
 To design a scissor lifting machine (scissor jack) that can be used in automotive
industry.
 To determine the various process to be used in the manufacturing of non-standards.
 To identify and list the components which are standard
1.5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
The specific objective of the design process is to meet the following conditions and
specifications:
 The device will withstand a load up to 7000 N (7KN)

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Scissor jack design
 The device will have a maximum lift height of 270 mm
 This objective is desirable to be achieved through the rotation of the power screw to
raise or lower the scissor jack.
The project also aims at designing and finding stresses, efficiency, expected life of screw.
We endeavor to develop a scissor jack such that it is cost effective, having a long life and
Can be handled roughly.
1.6 SCOPE
 The developed car jack must be operated on a flat surface
 The developed car jack is for all individual person
 The design is based on current scissor jack in the market
 The scope of design and manufacturing of the device is based on the material
availability and the application of knowledge we have.
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Scissor jack design
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 SCISSOR JACK
Scissor jacks are mechanical devices and have been in use since 1930s. A
scissor jack is a device constructed with a cross-hatch mechanism, much like a scissor, to lift
up a vehicle for repair. It typically works in a vertical manner. The jack opens and folds
closed, applying pressure to the bottom supports along the crossed pattern to move the lift.
When closed, they have a diamond shape. Scissor jacks are simple mechanisms used to
handle large loads over short distances. The power screw design of a common scissor jack
reduces the amount of force required by the user to drive the mechanism. Most scissor jacks
are similar in design, consisting of four main members driven by a power screw. A scissor
jack is operated simply by turning a small crank that is inserted into one end of the scissor
jack. This crank is usually "Z" shaped. The end fits into a ring hole mounted on the end of the
screw, which is the object of force on the scissor jack. When this crank is turned, the screw
turns, and this raises the jack. The screw acts like a gear mechanism. It has teeth (the screw
thread), which turn and move the two arms, producing work. Just by turning this screw
thread, the scissor jack can lift a vehicle that is several thousand pounds. A scissor jack has
four main pieces of metal and two base ends. The four metal pieces are all connected at the
corners with a bolt that allows the corners to swivel. A screw thread runs across this assembly
and through the corners. When opened, the four metal arms contract together, coming
together at the middle, raising the jack.
Fig 2.1
When closed, the arms spread back apart and the jack closes or flattens out again.
A scissor jack uses a simple gear drive to get its power. As the screw section is turned, two
ends of the jack move closer together. Because the gears of the screw are pushing up the
arms, the amount of force being applied is multiplied. It takes a very small amount of force to
turn the crank handle, yet that action causes the brace arms to slide across and together. As
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Scissor jack design
this happens the arms extend upward. The car's gravitational weight is not enough to prevent
the jack from Opening or to stop the screw from turning, since it is not applying force directly
to it. If a person applies pressure directly on the crank, or lean his weight against the crank,
the person would not be able to turn it, even though his weight is a small percentage of the
cars.
The common method for operating a scissor lift (scissor jack) is the use of power screw.
Power screw is a device which used in converting rotary motion in to uniform longitudinal
motion. The manually operated scissor jack is a device that makes use of a horizontally
placed power screw to overcome large load through less effort applied on the power screw.
One of the most important factors of lift platform is its stability. We know that stability is a
source of concern for a lift platform, its positioning should be placed or concentrated at the
Centre of gravity of the table. Other constraint to be considered is the deflection of the unit.
Deflection in scissor lift can be defined as the resulting change in elevation of all parts of a
scissor lift assembly, typically measured from the floor to the top of the platform deck,
whenever load is applied to or removed from the lift. The ANSI MH 24.1 safety equipment
of industrial scissor lift states that “all industrial scissor lift will deflect under load” the
design standard goes on to outline the maximum allowable deflection based on platform size
number of scissor mechanism within the lift design. Scissor lift deflection becomes more
critical in material handling application where the lift must interface with a joining, fixed
elevations, especially when transferring rolling load. In this case it is important that any
difference in elevation between a joining surfaces during material transfer must be minimize
or if not totally eliminated.
Before attempting to discuss how to limit scissor deflection, it is important to understand the
contributing factors to a lift total deflection. An open or raised scissor acts very much like a
spring would apply a load and it compresses. When we removed the load it expands. Such
component within the scissor lift has the potential to store or release when loaded and
unloaded (and therefore deflects). There are applications of specific characteristics that may
promote deflection understanding these root causes help to pin-point and apply effective
measures to limit them.
2.2 double scissor jack
A scissor jack is designed to lift the car in an emergency. It usually comes with the car and
stored in the trunk close to the spare tire or with the vehicle toolkit. It is designed for just
enough to lift and change a flat tire and get back on the road. Most scissor jacks are very
cheap to buy and most are not build enough. By a single repair we can use it for few times
before replacing it.
A double scissor jack that the driving mechanism is which the driven lifting jacks is driven by
horizontal power screw which mounted at the middle of the jack and that helps to gradually
lift the vehicle from the ground. It is called a double scissor jack because it consists of
diagonal metal pieces that expand or contract in a manner of resembling a pair of scissors. It
operated simply by turning a small crank that is inserted in the one end of the scissor jack,
this crank is inserted in the usual shape on the end of the ring hole mounted or the end of the
screw, which applies force on the scissor jack.
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Scissor jack design
A scissor jack usually uses a simple theory of gears to get its power. As the screw section is
turned, the two ends of the jack moves closer together because the gears of the screw pushed
up the arms.
2.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE SCISSOR

JACK
ADVANTAGES
 It can be used to lift a heavy loads against gravity

 Load can be kept in lifted position
 The handled force required to raise load is very less and can be applied manually.
DISADVANTAGES
 Chances of dropping of loads

 Tipping or slipping of load
 The failure is not “safe fail” and causes serious accident.
2.4 REASONS FOR ACCIDENT
 When load is improperly secured on jack

 When the scissor jack is overloaded
 When center of gravity is off center with the axis of jack
 When jack is not placed on hard and level surface
 When we using for other purpose instead of using it for what’s built for.
Therefore in order to avoid this accidents we should place the screw on a level surface and
don’t apply excess load and also we have to use the jack for only built purpose.
2.5 APPLICATION OF SCISSOR LIFT (SCISSOR JACK)
 Automobile industry
Fig 2.2
 Construction sites
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Scissor jack design
Fig 2.3
 Railway and aeronautical industry
Fig 2.4
2.6 COMPONENTS OF SCISSOR JACK
 Frame
 Power screw
 Rivet
 Coupling nut
 Crank
2.6.1 FRAME:
The entire frame of the scissor jack consists of links (top and bottom), base frame and support
frame. The frame is manufactured by sheet metal processes and forming by low-medium
carbon steel.
2.6.2 POWER SCREW:
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion in to translational motion. It is

also called translational screw. The majority of screws are tightened by clockwise rotation,
which is termed a right-hand thread. Screws with left-hand threads are used in exceptional
cases. For example, anticlockwise forces are applied to the screw (which would work to undo
a right-hand thread), a left-hand threaded screw would be an appropriate choice.
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Scissor jack design
Power screws are typically made from carbon steel, alloy steel, or stainless steel
and they are usually used with bronze, plastic, or steel mating nuts. Bronze and plastic nuts
are popular for 20 higher duty applications and they provide low coefficients of friction for
minimizing drive torques.
There are important terms and figures that need to be understood before designing power
screws:
 Pitch: is the distance from a point on one thread to the corresponding thread on the
next adjacent thread, measured parallel to the axial plane.
 Lead: is the distance the screw would advance relative to the nut in one rotation. For
single thread screw, lead is equal to pitch.
 Helix Angle: is related to the lead and the mean radius by the equation below;
Fig 2.5
2.6.2.1 Power screw motions

There are four distinct motion converting actions that can be produced by power screws and
nuts. The two most common involve torque conversion to thrust. In Figure 2.6, the screw is
rotated (torqued) and the nut moves linearly producing thrust or the nut is rotated (torqued)
and the screw moves linearly. The two less common motions involve thrust conversion to
torque. In Figure 2.7, the nut undergoes a linear force (thrust) and the screw rotates or the
screw undergoes a linear force (thrust) and the nut rotates. These two motions are commonly
referred to as "back driving", "overhauling", or, improperly, "reversing".
Fig 2.6 Fig 2.7
2.6.2.2 TYPES OF POWER SCREW
There are 3 types of screw threads used in power screws
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Scissor jack design
1. Square threads:
Is used for power transmission in either direction
Results in maximum efficiency and minimum
It is employed in screw jacks and clamps
Fig 2.8
2. Acme threads:
It is a modification of square thread
Efficiency is lower than square threads
The slope increases the area for shear
It is easily manufactured
3. Buttress Thread:
It is used when large forces act along the screw axis in one direction only.
It has higher efficiency like square threads and ease of cutting like acme threads.
It is the strongest thread of all
It has limited use of power transmission
Fig 2.9
2.6.2.3 ADVANTAGE OF USING POWER SCREW
The main advantages of using power screw are:
 Has large load carrying capacity

 Overall dimension of the power screw are small, resulting in compact construction
 It is simple to design
 The manufacturing of the power screw is easy, without requiring specialized
machinery square thread are turned on lath
 It provides large mechanical advantage
 It gives smooth and noiseless services without any maintenance
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Scissor jack design
 There are only few parts in power screw. This reduces cost and increase reliabiliy
2.6.3 RIVETS
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed a rivet consists of a smooth
cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite the head is called the buck tail. On
installation the rivet is placed in a punched or pre-drilled hole, and the tail is upset, or bucked
(i.e. deformed), so that it expands to about 1.5 times the original shaft diameter, holding the
rivet in place. To distinguish between the two ends of the rivet, the original head is called the
factory head and the deformed end is called the shop head or buck-tail.
2.6.4 COUPLING NUTS
A coupling nut is a threaded fastener for joining two male threads, most commonly threaded
rod. The outside of the fastener is usually a hex so a wrench can hold it. Variations include
reducing coupling nuts, for joining two different size threads; sight hole coupling nuts, which
have a sight hole for observing the amount of engagement; and coupling nuts with left
handed threads.
2.6.5 CRANK
A crank is an arm keyed at right angles to the end of a shaft, by which motion is imparted to
the power screw .It mainly suffers from torsional stresses so medium carbon steel is used as it
combines merits of malleability and sufficient torsional strength.
CHAPTER III
MATERIAL & DESIGN METHODOLOGY
In order to design a safe scissor jack the design is either to formulate a plan for the
satisfaction of a specified need or to solve a problem. If the plan results in the design of
something having a physical reality then the product must be functional, safe , reliable,
competitive, usable, manufacturable……these forms are defined as follows:
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Scissor jack design
 FUNCTIONAL: the product must perform to fill its intended need and customer
expectation.
 SAFE: the product is not hazardous to the user or surrounding property. Hazards
that cannot be designed out are eliminated by guarding (a protective enclosure); if
that is not possible, appropriate directions or warning are provided.
 RELIABLE: Reliability is the conditional probability of a design at a given
confidence level, that the product will perform its intended function satisfactorily
or without failure at a given life time.
 COMPETITIVE: the product is a contender in its market
 USABLE: the product is “user friendly” accommodating to human size, strength,
reach, force, power and control.
 MANUFACTURABLE: the product has been reduced to minimum number of
parts which suited to mass production with dimension, distortion, and strength
under control.
 MARKETABLE: the product can be brought and repair is available.
It is important that the design is begin by how to recognize satisfactory alternatives, and how
to distinguish between two satisfactory alternatives in order to identify the better. From this
optimization we can be formed or selected the better, then the fallowing tasks unfold:
 Invent alternative solution

 Establish key performance metrics
 Through analysis and test, simulate and predict the performance of each alternative,
and discard unsatisfactory ones
 Choose the best satisfactory alternative design
 Implement the design.
3.1 MATERIAL SELECTION
Materials require for the manufacturing of a components depends upon the following
factors:
I. Properties:
The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed application.
The various requirements to be satisfied can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to
withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.
II. Manufacturing Case:

Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities
obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of special
materials.
III. Quality Required:

This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material. For example, it
would never be desirable to go for casting of a less number of components which can be
fabricated much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.
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Scissor jack design
IV. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIALS:
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply. It then becomes obligatory for the designer
to use some other material which though may not be a perfect substitute for the material
designed.
The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also be kept in mind
V. SPACE CONSIDERATION:
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved are high
and the space limitations are there.
VI. COST:
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important part
and should not be ignored.
Sometimes factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance of the designed
part are involved in the selection of proper materials.
Important parameters for Material selection of double scissor jack are:

 Tensile strength
 Yield strength
 Fracture resistance
 Creep resistance
 Brinell hardness
 Temperature
 Toughness
 Wear resistance etc.
The material selected must have sufficient strength and easily worked. The most economical
material that satisfies both process and mechanical requirement should be selected. This
will be the material that gives low cost over working life of the part allowing maintenance
and replacement. The relative cost of equipment made from different materials will depend
on the cost of fabrication as well as the basic cost of the material.
Materials with relatively high design stress such as stainless steel and low alloy steel can be
used more efficiently than carbon steel. But the cost of stainless steel is very high. The
availability to select this material is relatively low than the others because of the cost.
3.1.1 Material for power screw:

 In this design the material selected for power screw is carbon steel type in hot
condition because of good ductility, good toughness, machinable and weld able
 Carbon steel type can be classified in to low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high
carbon steel and stainless steel.
 From these type we choose low carbon steel because it is least expensive and
relatively soft.
 The low carbon steel type is AISI 1005-1030
 From these types we choose type AISI 1010 because of its less strength.
 Therefore material selection for power screw is low carbon steel AISI 1010
3.1.2 Material for the link:

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Scissor jack design
 In this design the material selected for link is cast iron because
 Very effective in damping vibration energy
 High strength
 Lower oxidation at elevated temperature
 Better resistance to thermal shock
 High thermal conductivity
 Cast iron can be classified in to grey cast iron, ductile cast iron, white & malleable
cast iron and compact graphite iron.
 From these types we choose malleable cast iron because
 It has relatively high strength
 Has appreciable ductility and malleability
 Best for connected rod materials
 Therefore material selection for link is malleable cast iron 2% carbon, 1%
silicon[ASTM A 47]
3.1.3 Material for nut & cap:

 In this design the material selected for both nut & cap is cast iron
 From the types of cast iron we choose grey cast iron because
 Very effective in damping vibration
 It has high wear resistance
 Therefore material selection for both nut & cap is grey cast iron ASTM NO 20
3.1.4 Material for washer & pin:

 In this design the material selected for both washer and pin is carbon steel type in
hot condition
 From the types of carbon steel we choose medium carbon steel because
 Sacrifice of ductility & toughness
 Relatively medium cost
 Good wear resistance
 The medium carbon steel type is AISI 1035-1055
 From types of medium carbon steel we choose AISI 1040 because of less strength
 Therefore material selection for both washer and pin is medium carbon steel AISI
1040(HR)
3.1.5 Material for handle:

 In this design the material selected for handle is aluminum alloy 6061-T6 (cast iron
319.0) because
 High ductility
 Good corrosion resistance
3.1.6 Material for base & guide bar:
 In this design the material selected for both base & guide bar is cast iron
 From types of cast iron we choose grey cast iron
 Therefore the material selection for both base and guide bar is grey cast iron 4.5 %
carbon ASTM A 48
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Scissor jack design
3.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE
To design a double scissor jack we follow the following procedure:
I. First we have to analyze the maximum and minimum height of the scissor jack
according to the data we have
II. We have to calculate the force analysis of the scissor jack by using the lifting load
III. We have to design all parts of the scissor jack and calculate their stress analysis
torque analysis of these parts
o Link
o Power screw
o Nut
o Washer
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Scissor jack design
o Pin
o Base
o Guide bar
o Roller bearing
IV. After this we have to analyze the manufacturing process of all parts of scissor jack
V. Then we analyze the tolerance and fit of the design of manufactured part of scissor
jack
VI. Then we have to assembly the parts of scissor jack
VII. Finally we have to do the cost analysis of the parts of scissor jack and we determine
the total cost of the assembled scissor jack.
3.2 COMPONENT ANALYSIS:
Case 1: the double scissor jack when it is minimum height or at initial position
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Scissor jack design
Fig 3.1
Assumption: a = 15 mm
B = 5 mm
From the figure
hmin= ymin+2 a−2b
ymin=hmin−( 2 a+ 2b )
¿ 160− [2 ( 15 ) +2 ( 5 ) ]
ymin=120 mm
from the triangle
ymin
opp 2
sin θmin= =
hyp L
60
L= ……………………………..eq 1
sinθmin
Case 2: the double scissor jack when it is maximum position or final positio
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Scissor jack design
Fig 3.2
From the figure

hmax= ymax+¿2a+2 b
ymax=hmax −2 a−2 b
¿ 270−30−10
ymax=230 mm
From the triangle

ymax
opp 2
sinθ max ¿ =
hyp L
115
sin θ max ¿ …………………………………..eq 2
L
To calculate the length of the link and maximum angular displacement [θmax ¿ by iterate
θminfrom eqution (1) and (2)
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Scissor jack design
Table 3.1 itteration value
itteration θmin(° ¿ L(mm) θ max ⁡(°)

1 1 3437.921 1.92
2 2.5 1375.535 4.796
3 5 688.423 9.616
4 7.5 459.678 14.488
5 10 345.526 19.44
6 12.5 277.213 24.509
7 15 231.822 29.74
8 17.5 199.53 35.194
9 20 175.428 40.96
10 22.5 156.787 47.178
11 25 149.972 50.068
12 27.5 129.94 62.254
13 30 120 73.402
14 31 116.5 80.795
15 32 113.224 ∄
16 33 110.164 ∄
According to the above itteration table itteration number 14 is the selected dimension. ( the
exact dimension)
From itteration no 14 θ min ¿ 14

θ max ¿ 80.795
L=116.5
Therefore L=116
3.3 FORCE ANALYSIS
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Scissor jack design
Fig 3.3
Consider link 1:
+↑ ∑ Fy=0
−W
+ Ay + By=0
4
w
Ay= −By ……………………eqn (1)
4
+→ ∑ Fx=0
Ax−Bx=0
Ax=Bx…………………………eqn (2)
+↺ MB=0
W L L
Lcosθmin− Ax sinθmin− Ay cosθmin=0
4 2 2
4
We multiply both side by
cosθmin
W −2 Axtanθmin−2 Ay=0 …………eqn (3)
Consider link 2
+↑ ∑ Fy=0
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Scissor jack design
−W
+ Cy−Ay=0
4
W
Cy= + Ay …………………………eqn (4)
4
+→ ∑ Fx=0
Cx−Ax=0
Cx=Ax ………………………………eqn (5)
+↺ Mc=0
−W L L
Lcosθmin−Ay cosθmin+ Ax sinθmin=0
4 2 2
4
Multiply both side by
cosθmin
−W −2 Ay +2 Axtanθ min ¿ 0 ……..eqn (6)
Now we have six equation with six unknowns, which make statically determinable
Adding eqn (3) and eqn (6)
W −2 Axtanθmin−2 Ay=0
−W +2 Axtanθmin−2 Ay =0
−4 Ay=0
Ay = 0
From eqn (1)
W
Ay= −By
4
W
0= −By
4
W 7 KN
By= = =1.75 KN
4 4
From eqn (4)

W
Cy= −Ay
4
7 KN
Cy= =1.75 KN
4
22
Scissor jack design
From eqn (3) or eqn (6)
W −2 Axtanθmin−2 Ay=0
W =2 Axtanθmin
W 7 KN
Ax= =
2 tanθmin 2 tan 31°
Ax=5.285 KN
From eqn (2)

Ax=Bx
Bx=5.285 KN
From eqn (5)

Cx=Ax
Cx=5.285 KN
Consider link 3
+↑ ∑ Fy=0
−Cy+ Dy+ Ey=0
Ey=Cy−Dy …………… eqn (1)
+→ ∑ Fx=0
−Cx+ Dx−Ex=0
Ex=Dx−Cx ………….. eqn (2)
+↺ ME=0
L L
CyLcosθm∈+CxLsinθmin−Dx sinθmin−Dy cosθmin=0
2 2
2
Multiply both side by
cosθmin
2 Cy+2 Cxtanθmin−Dxtanθmin−Dy=0 ……….eqn (3)
Consider link 4
23
Scissor jack design
+↑ ∑ Fy=0
−By−Dy+Gy=0
Gy=By + Dy ……………….eqn (4)
+→ ∑ Fx=0
Bx−Dx+Gx=0
Gx=Dx−Bx ………………eqn(5)
+↺ MG=0
L L
−ByLcosθmin−BxLsinθmin−Dy cosθmin+ Dx sinθmin=0
2 2
2
We multiply both side by
cosθmin
−2 By−2 Bxtanθmin−Dy+ Dxtanθmin=0 ……………..eqn (6)
Let Cy = By = 1.75 KN
Cx = Bx = 5.826 KN
Now we have six eqn with six unknown which makes in statically determinable
Adding eqn (3) and eqn (6)
2 Cy+2 Cxtanθmin−Dxtanθmin−Dy=0
−2 By−2 Bxta nθmin−Dy+ Dxtanθ min¿ 0
2 Dy=−2 By−2 Bxtanθmin+2 Cy+2 Cxtanθmin
But By = Cy, Cx = Bx and θ min ¿ 31°
2 Dy=0
Dy=0
From eqn (4)

Gy=By + Dy
Dy=1.75 kn∧Dy=0
Gy=1.75 KN
24
Scissor jack design
From eqn (2)

Ex=Cx−Dx
In rolling support there is no horizontl force, since ∑ x=0
Dx=Cx=5.825 KN
Dx=5.825 KN
NOTE:
 The total number of links are 8. i.e (4 on one side and 4 on another side)
 One fourth of the load is applied on each of the upper four links
 Due to the symmetry analysing one side of the linkage is enough.
REMARK:
 The load in the upper linkages and in the lower linkages are identical. Therefore
the corresponding reaction load are equal.
Table 3.2 values of loads
Link no Upper base lower base Load or reaction (KN)

1 Ax Dx 5.825
2 Ay Dy 0
3 Bx ¿!2 5.825
4 By Ey 1.75
5 Cx Gx 5.825
6 Cy Gy 1.75
Remarek: A & D supports only horizontal loads
The upper base and lower base are equal
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN
4.1 DESIGN OF LINKS:
25
Scissor jack design
The link carry axial compressive loads, which rules them tend to fail due to
elastic instability, or buckling. Elastic instability is a condition of failure in which the shape
of the column is insufficiently rigid to hold its straight under load. Therefore it is necessary
treat the links as columns and design them with stand buckling of the link is a plane
perpendicular to the vertical plane.
The end fixity: the manner in which the ends of column are supported is called end fixity. In
this design we can observe that the links are pinned at both ends, so the fixity is pinned-
pinned.
 Material selection: malleable cast iron 2% carbon, 1% silicon[ASTM A 47]
Table 4.1: Material properties of link
Tensile stress σt 345 MPa

Compressive stress σc 620 MPa
Shear stress τ 330 MPa
Yield stress σγ 230 MPa
Modulus of elasticity E 165 Mpa
N.B: the data is read from mechaics of material, 4th edition, beer and johnston(Appendix B)
Applied load on the link: The pattern and magnitude of the load on the links are the same .
therefore, it is enough to take only one of the link and contiue on the design process.
From force analysis data:
W = 7 KN Bx = 5.825 KN L =116 mm
Ax = 5.825 KN By = 1.75 KN
Ay = 0 θmin=31 °
Fig 4.1
Resolving component along the axis of the link or X ' axis
W
Wo= cos ⁡(90−θmin)
4
26
Scissor jack design
7 KN
¿ cos ⁡( 90−31)°
4
Wo=0.9 KN
Ax '=Axcosθmin
¿ 5.825 KN cos ⁡(31 °)
Ax '=4.993 KN
 Wo and Ax ' are in the negative X ' direction, so the compressive load [Fc] is:
Fc=Wo+ Ax '
¿ 0.9+ 4.993
Fc=5.893 KN
By ' =Bycos (90−θmin)

¿ 1.75 cos ⁡(90−31)°
By ' =0.9 KN
Bx ' =Bxcosθmin
¿ 5.825 cos ⁡(31° )
Bx ' =4.993 KN
 Bx ' and By ' are in the positive X ' direction, so the compressive load [Fc] is:
Fc=Bx '+ By '

¿ 4.993+ 0.9
Fc=5.893 KN
The effective length is given by:
¿=C × L
C= 2 ( one end is fixed and other is free ) ………from table 16.2 khurmi &
gupta(page604)
¿=2× 116
¿=232 mm
Determination of creeping load:

Pcr=π × Fc
Assume μ = 5 (factor of safety)
Pcr=5 ×5.893
27
Scissor jack design
Pcr=29.465 KN
Moment of inertia about X-X:
b h3
Ixx=
12
Moment of inertia about Y-Y:

b3h
Iyy=
12
Where b – width of the link

h- depth of the link
now we choose euler column and from euler column equation:
C π 2 EI
creeping load: Pcr= 2
(¿ )
creeping load about X-X

2
( Pcr ) xx= c π 2EIxx
( ¿ ) xx
Assume X-X section: one end is fixed and the other free, thus (Le)xx = 2L
Creeping load about Y-Y

2
( Pcr ) yy = c π 2EIyy
( ¿ ) yy
L
Assume Y-Y section : one end is fixed and the other end hinged, thus ( ¿ ) yy= = 0.707L
√2
 Inorder to have stability the connecting link equally strong in both plane creeping load
( Pcr ) xx= ( Pcr ) yy=(Pcr)
c π 2 EIxx c π 2 EIyy
2
= 2
( ¿ ) xx ( ¿ ) yy
Ixx Iyy
2
= 2
( ¿ ) xx ( ¿ ) yy
L
Since (Le)xx = 2L and thus ( ¿ ) yy= = 0.707L, we have
√2
28
Scissor jack design
Ixx Iyy
=
( 2 L ) xx ( 0.707 L )2 yy
2
Ixx
=2 Iyy
4
Ixx = 8 Iyy
b h3 b3 h
=8
12 12
h h
h2 =8 b2 ……………. b= =
√8 2 √ 2
Now we find depth of the link from X-X section:
b h3 h h3 h4
Ixx¿ = × ……………………..Ixx= and c = 2(one end fixed and the other
12 2 √ 2 12 24 √2
free)
2
( Pcr ) xx= c π 2EIxx = Pcr
( ¿ ) xx
h4
2 π 2 (165 GPa)( )
33.94 4 4
¿ =1.783 h N /m m
(232 )2
Where π 2=3.1416
( Pcr )=(Pcr ) xx
29465 N=1.783 h 4 /mm 2
h=11.3 mm … … … … … … … … … .. say h=12mm
h 12
b= = =4.24 mm … … … … … … … … … . say b=5 mm
√8 √ 8
Radius of gyration is given by:
Ixx b h3
Kxx=
√ A
… … … … … … … … … … … . but Ixx=
12
∧ A=b ×h
¿
√ √ √
b h3
12 bh
=¿
h2
h
=¿
(12)2
12
=¿ √ 12 ¿ ¿ ¿
29
Scissor jack design
Kxx=3.464 mm
Now we find slenderness ratio:

( ¿ ) xx 232
= =66.97
Kxx 3.464
We check this value by using crepping stress (σcr )
Pcr C π 2 E
σcr = =
A L 2
K ( )
take C=1 , E=165 GPa∧σcr=550 MPa ¿
2
L 2 π 2 E π (165 GPa)
( )
K
=
σcr
=
550 MPa
L 2
( )
K
=2961
( KL )=54.4
Now check the slenderness ratio of euler column either short or long column.
N.B: the euler”s formula holds good only for long column unless otherwise we use other
formula like:
 Rankin formula for column
 Jhonson”s formula for column
( ¿ ) xx
Kxx ( KL )… … for short column
<
( ¿ ) xx
Kxx ( KL )… … … .. for long column
>
Therefore our euler column is long ( from text book of khumi chapter 16). Thus our design
of links are safe.
Checking the link against crushing stress
σc
σ= … … … … … … … … . n=5∧σc=620 MPa
n
620
σ= =124 MPa
5
30
Scissor jack design
 The induced stress is less than the allowable crushing stress [ i.e σ < σcr ].
h h
Total length: Lt = L+ +
2 2
¿=128 mm
Therefore our design of link is safe
Table 4.2: Safe dimension for links
Total length Lt 128 mm

Length L 116 mm
Width B 5 mm
Depth H 12 mm
Compressive force Fc 5893 N
31
Scissor jack design
4.2 DESIGN OF NUT:

The nut material usually to bes less stronger thanthe screw, since the screw is
more expensive and the nut is easy and cheap to replace as compared to the power screw.
Therefore we have selected cast iron for nut material.
 Material selection: grey cast iron ASTM NO 20
Table 4.3: Material properties of nut
Tensile strength σut 22 Kpsi (151.6 MPa)

Compressive strength σuc 83 Kpsi (572 MPa)
Shear modulus of rupture τ 26 Kpsi (179 Mpa)
Brinell hardness BHN 156
Safe bearing pressure Pb 12.6 MPa
N.B: The above data is read from shigely table A – 24 and (Pb) from khurmi table 17.7
(page 646)
Bearing pressure is given by:

Pb= ¿! ¿
π /4 [ ( do )2−( dc )2 ] n
Where n – number of thread of the nut
n= ¿! ¿
π / 4 [ ( do ) −( dc )2 ] Pb
2
11.65 KN
¿
π /4 [ ( 26 )2 −( 21 )2 ] 12.6
Assume p = 5
n=5
Length of the nut is given by:

L=n× p
L=25 mm
Inner diameter of the nut is given by:

4 B!
Di=
√
πσall
+ d c2
Where B = 1.65
32
Scissor jack design
but σall (allowable compressive stress for nut) and
τall ( allowable shear stress for nut )
τsu
τall= … … … … … … … … assume n=5
n
Where τsu – ultimate shear strength
From brittle colomb mohor τsu is given by:
σut × σuc 151.6 ×572
τsu= =
σut +σuc 151.6+572
τsu=119.8 MPa
τsu 119.8
τall= = =23.96 MPa
n 5
σuc 572
σall= = =114.4 MPa
n 5
4 (11.65)(1.65)
Therefore Di=
¿ √ 213.98+441
√ π (114.4)
+(21)2
Di=25.6 mm … … … … … … .. say 26 mm
Outer diameter of the nut is given by
Do=2 Di+ 4.¿
Do=2 ( 26 ) + 4
Do=56 mm
N.B the inner diameter of the nut is equal to the major diameter of the screw ( Di = do)
τind = ¿! ¿
πnDit
Where t = thickness or width of the thread
p 5
t= = =2.5 mm
2 2
Where p is pitch
11.65
τ ind =
π (5)(26)(2.5)
τind =11.4 MPa
33
Scissor jack design
Since the induced shear stress is less than the allowable shear stress, hence our design is
safe (i.e 11.4 MPa < 23.96 MPa)
Table 4.4: Safe dimension of the nut
Inner diameter Di 26 mm
Outer diameter Do 56 mm
Length or height L 25 mm
Number of thread N 5
34
Scissor jack design
4.3 DESIGN OF THE CAP:

Material selection for the cao is the same as for the nut
Table 4.5: Material properties of cap

Safe bearing pressure Pb 12.6 MPa
(page 646)
Maximum diameter of the cap is given by:
dmax =1.5 do
This is because the outer diameter of the cap must be greater than outer diameter of the
screw.
dmax=1.5 ×26
dmax =39 mm
The thickness of the cap and nut is equal therefore :
tc=2.5 mm
The area that resist shearing of the ca is given by:
Ar=π × do ×tc
¿ π × 26 ×2.5
Ar=204 .2 mm 2
The induced shear stress for cap is given by:
11.65 KPa
τin= ¿! = ¿
Ar 204.2 mm 2
35
Scissor jack design
τin=57 MPa
Shear allowable and stress allowable for nut and cap are equal
τall=23.96 MPa
σall=114.4 MPa
We know that the induced shear stress for cap is less than allowable shear stress for safe
design. But induced shear stress is greater than allowable shear stress. Therefore our design
of cap is not safe !
For safe design of cap:

τall=τin=23.96 MPa
τin= ¿! = ¿! ¿¿
Ar π × do ×tc
¿! 11.65
tc = = ¿
π ×do × τin π × 26 ×23.96
tc =5.9 mm … … … … … … … say 6 mm
Check this thickness of the cap by crushing stress:

4 ×11.65
(σcr )∈¿ ¿! 2 =4 ¿! 2 = ¿¿
πd o πd o π ( 26 )2
4
(σcr )∈¿ 21.94 MPa
Since the induced crushing stress is less than the allowable crushing stress, thus our design
is safe (i.e 21.94 MPa < 114.4 MPa)
table 4.6: Safe dimension for cap
Maximum diameter Dmax 39 mm

Thickness Tc 6 mm
36
Scissor jack design
4.4 DESIGN OF WASHER

A washer is a cyilinderical piece of metal with hole to receive the bolt. It is to give a perfect
setting for the nut and to distribute the tightening force uniformly to the parts under the joint.
It is also prevent the nut from dameging the metal surface under the joint.
 Material selection: medium carbon steel AISI 1040(HR)
37
Scissor jack design
Fig 4.2
Where: t – thickness of washer
Do – outer diameter of washer
Di – inner diameter of washer
From machine drawing text book of Narayana chapter 5 ( page 89)
Di=do+1=26+1=27 mm
Do=2 do+ 4=2 ( 26 ) +4=56 mm
t=0.15 do=0.15∨( 26 )=3.9 mm … … … … .. say 4 mm
4.5 DESIGN OF THE POWER SCREW:

The power screws also known as (translation screws) are used to convert rotary
motion into translatory motion.
 Material selection: low carbon steel AISI 1010 ( hot rolled)
Table 4.7: Material properties of power screw
Tensile strength σut 320 MPa

Yield strength σy 180 MPa
N.B: the above data is read from shigely table A-20
From text book of R.S.KHURUMI and J.K.GUPTA ultimate shear strength is given by: (page
199)
τut =0.8 σut
38
Scissor jack design
¿ 0.8 ×320
τut =256 MPa
Now we find the allowable compressive stress and shear stress by assuming the factor of
safety n = 4
σut 320
σall= = =80 MPa
n 4
τut 256
τall= = =64 MPa
n 4
 The core diameter of screw under compression is given by:
πd c 2
σall=B ¿! … … … … … … ..but A= ¿
A 4
Where: dc - core diameter of the screw
B – overload factor
Fact – actual force, which is applied at the center of the cross bar
σall=4 × B× ¿! 2 … … … … where B=1.65 ¿

πd c
4 × 1.65 ×11.65
d c 2=¿ 4 × B× ¿! = =407.9 mm 2 ¿
πσall π (60)
dc=20.2 mm … … … . say 21 mm
 Torrque to rise the load and overcome friction between nut and screw:
Using the above calculated core diameter we read from a text boo of machine
design R.S.KHURUMI and J.K.GUPTA table 17.2 (page 627)
do = 26 mm
p=5
μ=0.15−0.25 …………………from shigely table 8-5 (page 422)
We take μ=0.25 for safe design
Where: do – major diameter
P – Pitch
μ – coefficient of friction
do+ dc 26+ 21
dm= = =23.5mm
2 2
∅=tan −1 μ=tan−1 ( 0.25 )=14.04 °
α =tan−1 ( πdmL ) … … … … … … … … … … but L=np

From double thread, n= 2
39
Scissor jack design
L=2 P=2 ( 5 )=10 mm
10
( )
α =tan−1 π ( 23.5 ) ¿ = 7.714°
¿
Where: ∅ - friction angle
α – helix angle
L – lead
Dm – mean diameter
The torque to raise the load is given by:

dm! L+ μπdm
T= (
2 πdm−μL )
(11.65)(23.5) 10+(0.25)π (23.5)
¿
2 (
π (23.5)−(0.25)(10) )
T =54,188 Nmm
 Checking the screw for principal stresses due to the load:
Direct compressive stress:
4 ×11.65
σc=4 ¿! 2 = σc=33.63 MPa ¿
πd c π ( 21 )2
Maximum torsional shear stress is given by:
16 T 16(54,188)
τ= =
πd c 3 3
π ( 21 )
τ =29.8 MPa
Maximum principal stress is given by:

2 2
σc + √ σ c 2+ 4 τ 2 33.63+ √(33.63) +4 (29.8)
( σc ) max= =
2 2
( σc ) max=51 MPa
 Since the maximum principal stress is less than the allowable compressive stress [(
σc ¿ max<σall ¿] our desig is safe.
Maximum shear stress is given by:
(33.63)2 + 4(29.8)2
τ=√
2
40
Scissor jack design
τ =34.216 MPa
 Since the maximum shear stress is less than the allowable shear stress [(τmax ≤ τall ¿],
thus our design is safe.
 Checking the power screw will buckle or not:

Buckling : is mode of failure in which large deformation of member results due to instability
that arises from compressive loads.
This buckling failure can be analysed by using rankin column formula. A suitable formula is
a rankin-gorden formula and takes in to account the crushing strength of the material, inerta,
L
young”s modulus and slenderness ratio, namely .
K
Let: L= actual length of the column b/n supports
Le = effective length of the screw
C = constant dependent on the end fixity
K = least radius of gyration of the screw
The following data is already calculated from the previous:
L= 116 mm, θ min ¿ 31° ∧Ymax=120 mm
 We take the initial posistion(hmin) to get large thread position
From the triangle:
X =Lcosθmin
¿ 116 cos (31 ° )
X =99.5 mm
L= X +2Ce
Where X = length of the thread position
41
Scissor jack design
L = length of the link
Ce =clearance…….assume Ce = 3 mm
L=99.5+ 2(3)
L=105.5 mm
¿=cL
Where: c = 1.2 (for fixed fixed fixity)…..from shigely table 4.2 page 183
¿=1.2 ( 105.5 )
¿=126.6 mm
1 1 1
Pc=σc × A then = +
Pr Pe Pc
π 2 EIc
Pe=
L2
1 L2 1
= 2 +
Pr π EIc σc × A
1 L2 σc + π 2 E K 2 C
= 2
Pr π cE K 2 Aσc
cσc × A σc
Pr ¿
σc L 2 ( )
… … … … … … … … .let a=¿ 2 ¿
π E
( )( )
2
π E K
+C
cσc × A
Pr ¿
L 2
( a×( )
K
)+ C
MATERIAL 1/a σc ¿
Mild steel 7500 300
Wrought iron 8000 250
Cast iron 1800 560
Timber 1000 35
From the given data sure material is steel
42
Scissor jack design
1
=7500∨a=1.33 ×10−4 ∧σc=300 Mpa
a
4
πd c 4 π ( 21 )
I= = =9546.56 m m 4
64 64
2
πd c 2 π ( 21 )
A= = =346.36 m m2
4 4
I 9546.56
K=
√ √ A
=
346.36
=5.25 mm
L 105.5
Slemderness ratio: (S) ¿ = =20
K 5.25
1.2 ( 300 ) ×346.36
Pr ¿ 2
105.5
( 1.33 ×1 0−4 ( 5.25 ) )+ 1.2
Pr=99.4567 KN
Permissible buckling load (Pp):
Pr
Pp= … … … … … … … … … . assume n=5
n
99.4567 KN
Pp=
5
Pp=19.89 KN
 Since the loading capacity of the power screw is less than the permissible buckling
load [ i.e Fact ¿ Pp ] or [ 11.65 KN ¿ 19.89 KN ]. Therefore our design of power
screw is safe.
Now we find the total length of power screw:
Let: tps = thickness of power screw = 0.75 do=19.5 mm
Dmax = maximum diameter of power screw = 2 do+ 4=56 mm
m = free thread clearance, assume m = 2 mm
Ln = length of the nut = 25 mm
X = length of the base = 100 mm
a = the clearance for self-locking = 5 mm
43
Scissor jack design
t = thickness of washer = 4 mm
tc = thickness of the cap = 6mm
do = major diameter of power screw = 26 mm
Lth = length of thread for power screw
Length of thread is given by:
ln ln
Lth=m+ + X−a+ +t +tc
2 2
¿ 2+12.5+100−5+12.5+4 +6
Lth=132 mm
Total length of power screw:
Ltotal=Lth+ a+t ps+ K … … … … … … … Where k=8
¿ 132+5+19.5+8
Ltotal=164.5 mm … … … … … … say 165 mm

The total number of thread on the power screw is given by:
thread length Lth
Nth= = … … … … . where p=5 mm
pitch p
132mm
¿
5 mm
Nth=26.4 … … … … .. say 28
Table 4.8: Safe dimension for power screw:
Core diameter Dc 21 mm
Major diameter Do 26 mm
Pitch P 5 mm
Bucking load Pb 19.89 KN
Maximum diameter Dmax 56 mm
Length of thread Lth 132 mm
44
Scissor jack design
Number of thread Nth 28
Thickness of power screw Tps 19.5 mm
Total length Ltotal 165 mm
Mean diameter Dm 23.5 mm
Assume y = 6mm
z = 10 mm
Fig 4.3
4.6 DESIGN OF HANDLE:

The handle is a machine part in which used for lifting mechanism to those applied loads by
engaging the handle end power screw drive in order to lifting and lowering the desired load.
 Material selection: aluminum alloy 6061-T6 (cast iron 319.0*)
Table 4.9: Material properties of handle

45
Scissor jack design
The data is read from shigely text book table A- 24 (page 1047)
Now we find allowable stress

σy
σall= … … … … … … … … … .. assume n=4
n
165
¿
4
σall=41.25 MPa
Fig 4.4
 We assume normal person can apply force from F = 150 N – 350 N. For our case we
have choose a force of F = 350 N because for safe design we take maximum force
 Thickness of the handle (th) = 20 mm
 Length of the handle (Lh) = 80 mm
 Height of the handle (Hh) = 100 mm
Consider bending moment about A:

Ma=F × r … … … … … …. but r=100−10=90 mm
¿ 350 ×90
Ma=31500 N . mm
(it is also taken as a torque since due to rotation effect about A)
The combined stress due to bending moment and torque developed can be determined as
follows:
46
Scissor jack design
Mc
σb=
I
100
Where c= =50
2
I =∑ Icentroidal +∑ A d 2=∑(Icent + A d2 )
Now we calculate the centroid of the handle:

A 1 X 1+ A 2 X 2+ A 3 X 3
Y= … … … … … …. but X 1=10 , X 2=50∧ X 3=90
A 1+ A 2+ A 3
( 60× 20 ) 10+ ( 60 ×20 ) 50+ ( 20 ×40 ) 90
¿
(60 ×20)+(60× 20)+(20 × 40)
Y =45 mm
I =∑ Icentroidal +∑ A d 2=∑(Icent + A d2 )
1 1 1
¿ (60 ×2 03 )+60 ×20 ( 45−10 )2 + (6 0 3 ×20)+60 ×20 ( 45−50 )2 + (2 03 × 40)+ 20× 40 ( 45−90 )2
12 12 12
I =3,546,666.67 mm4
31500(50)
σb=
3,546,666.67
σb=0.444 MPa
Since the bending stress is less than the allowable stress [i.e. 0.44 MPa < 41.25 MPa]. Hence
our design is safe.
Table 4.10: Safe dimension for handle:

Thickness of the handle Th 20 mm
Length of the handle Lh 80 mm
Height of the handle Hh 100 mm
47
Scissor jack design
4.7 DESIGN OF PINS:

The material selection is done by first taking less expensive steel material, which is
to be changed depending on the various outcomes of the design procedure
 Material selection: medium carbon steel AISI 1040(Hot rolled)

 Pin type: cotter pin
Table 4.11: Material properties

The data is read from shigely text book table A – 20 (Page 1040)
Assume facto of safety n = 2
From text book of machine design R.S.KHURMI…ultimate shear strength is given by:
τut =0.8 σut =0.8 ×520=416 MPa
τut 416
τall= = =208 MPa
n 2
Now we find the diameter of the pin:
Fig 4.5
Where do = outer diameter of pin
L = length of the pin
d = inner diameter of the pin
48
Scissor jack design
t = thickness of the pin
c = clearance
CASE 1: for shear stress in the pin condition:
Fig 4.6
The pin is subjected to double shear

Bx π d2
τall= … … … … … … .. where Bx=5825 N ∧ A=
2A 4
2 Bx 2 Bx 2(5825)
τall=
πd 2
… … … … … … … .. d=
√
π ×τall
=
√
π (208)
d=4.22 mm
CASE 2: for bending stress consideration:

For uniform distribution load free end the bending moment is given by:
BxL π d4 d
M= ,I= , C=
8 64 2
Now bending stress is given by:
BxL d
×
M ×C 8 2 4 BxL
σall= = = =σb
I πd 4
π d3
64
From khurmi L =d – 2d, we take L = 1.2 d
4 Bx(1.2 d ) 4 ×1.2 Bx 4.8(5825)
σall=
πd 3
=
πd 2
… … … … d=
√
π (145)
d=7.83mm
49
Scissor jack design
CASE 3: for bearing consideration:

Bx=( L× d ) Pb … … … … . assume L=1.2 d∧Pb=77 MPa
Bx 5825
Bx=1.2d 2 × Pb … … … … d=
√ 1.2 Pb √
=
1.2(77)
d=7.94 mm
We take the largest diameter of the three cases. Therefore:
d=7.94 mm … … … … … . say 8 mm
L=1.2 d=1.2 ( 8 ) =9.6 mm … … … … .. say 10 mm
Now we find the outer diameter of the pin [do]:

Assume L= 1.2d =12 mm
Now we check the inner diameter of the pin by allowable shear and normal stress
(bending stress)
2 Bx 2(5825)
τin= = =57.9 4 MPa
π d2 2
π (8)
Since induced shear stress is less than allowable shear stress [i.e. 57.94 MPa < 208
MPa] our design is safe
Now we find total length of pin:
Ltot=t + L+C … … … . where c=4 mm , L=1.2 d∧t=0.75 d
¿ 6+10+ 4
L=20 mm
Table 4.12: Safe dimension of pin
Inner diameter D 8 mm
Length of pin L 10 mm
Total length of pin Ltot 20 mm
Clearance C 4 mm
Thickness of the pin T 6mm
4.8 DESIGN OF THE BASE:
50
Scissor jack design
The base is used to support structure of machine and heavy equipment that are
exposed to vibrational and over loads.
 Material selection: grey cast iron 4.5 % carbon ASTM A 48
Table 4.13: Material properties for base

Ultimate tensile strength σut 170 MPa
Ultimate compressive strength σuc 655 MPa
Ultimate shear strength τut 240 MPa
Modulus of elasticity E 69 GPa
The data is read from mechanics of material text book of beer and Johnston Appendix B
We choose rectangular cross section for best rigidity
Fig 4.7
Where: W – Applied load on the base

w – Width of the base
t – Thickness of the base
X – Length of the base (center to center distance)
θmin – Minimum angular displacement to the link
L – Length of the link
Assume factor of safety n = 8
σuc 655
σall= = =81.875 MPa
n 8
τut 240
τall= = =30 MPa
n 8
51
Scissor jack design
Now we find bending stress:

MC t
σb= … … … … … . where C=
I 2
From geometric analysis: a = t = 15 mm, θ min ¿ 31°, L = 116 mm and W = 7 KN
t 15
C= = =7.5 mm
2 2
W t 3 W ( 15 ) 3 3
I= = =281.25 w mm
12 12
X =Lcosθ min ¿ 116cos ⁡(31 °)
X =99.4 mm … … … … … …. say 100 mm

Bending moment at X-X section:
↺+∑ Mc=0
−W
× Y + Mb=0
4
W X
Mb= ×Y … … … … where 0 ≤ Y ≤ … … … .0 ≤ Y ≤ 50 mm
4 2
Mb@ (Y =O )=0
Mb@ (Y =50 )=87500 Nmm
Shear force at X-X section:

↑+∑ Fy=0
W
−V =0
4
W 7000 N
V= = =1750 N
4 4
Bending moment at a-a section:

↺+∑ Mc=0
−W
× Y 1+ Mb=0
4
W X
Mb= ×Y 1 … … … … where 0 ≤Y 1 ≤ … … … .0 ≤Y 1 ≤50 mm
4 2
52
Scissor jack design
Mb@ ( Y 1=O )=0

Mb@ ( Y 1=50 ) =87500 Nmm
Shear force at a-a section:

↑+∑ Fy=0
W
V+ =0
4
−W −7000 N
V= = =−1750 N
4 4
Fig 4.8
MC
σb= … … … … … … … but C=7.5 mm , M =Mb=87500 mm∧I =281.25 w mm 3
I
87500 ×7.5
σb=σall … … … … … … … … =81.875
281.25 w
87500 ×7.5
w=
281.25× 81.875
w=28.5 mm
This indicates that the width of base must be greater than 28.5 mm for safe design [say w =
100 mm]
Now we check the width of the base by using induced shear stress:
53
Scissor jack design
V
τind =
A
Where: V - shear force, V = 1750 N
A – Area of base (A = wx = 100 ×100=10000 mm 2 )
1750
τin= =0.175 MPa
10000
Since the induced shear stress is less than the allowable shear stress [i.e. 0.175 MPa < 30
MPa] our design is safe.
N.B: the above design is for upper base and it also the same as for lower base
Total length of the base is given by:
Ltot=100+2 a=100+2 ( 10 )
Ltot=120 mm
Table 4.14: Safe dimension for base
Thickness T 15 mm
Length X 100 mm
Width W 100 mm
Area A 10, 000 mm2
Total length Ltot 120 mm
Force applied W 7 KN
4.9 DESIGN OF GUIDE BAR:

The guide bar is used to prevent the rollers against fluctuated load before fracture
 It also guide the roller in a straight motion
 It must be welded with the base
 In the upper base the guide bar welded in the bottom of the upper base.
 In the lower base the guide bar welded in the top of the lower base
54
Scissor jack design
 Material selection: grey cast iron 4.5 % carbon ASTM A 48
Table 4.15: Material properties for guide bar

Ultimate tensile strength σut 170 MPa
Ultimate compressive strength σuc 655 MPa
Ultimate shear strength τut 240 MPa
Modulus of elasticity E 69 GPa
The data is read from mechanics of material text book of beer and Johnston Appendix B
Fig 4.9
Where: l – length of guide bar

b – Width of guide bar
d – Height of guide bar
t – Thickness of the base = 15 mm
X – Length of the base = 100 mm
w – Width of the base = 100 mm
Ltot – Total length of the base = 120 mm
t 15
Assume d=b= = =5 mm … … … … … … … … .∧l=X=100 mm
3 3
Table 4.16: Safe dimension for guide bar

Length of bar L 100mm
Width of bar B 5 mm
55
Scissor jack design
Height of bar D 5 mm
4.10 DESIGN OF PIN SUPPORTS:

Pin support is carrying a load on beam. It is also called reaction force.

Table 4.17: Material properties for pin supports
Shear modulus of rupture τ 26 Kpsi (179 Mpa)
(page 646)
56
Scissor jack design
Now assume : width of the pin support: w = 15 mm

Height of the pin support: h =16 mm
Length if the pin support: L = 30 mm
Factor of safety: n = 5
Now we check this dimension is safe or not

3
MC w h3 15 ( 16 ) h 16
σin= … … but I = = =5120 mm4 , C= = =8 mm
I 12 12 2 2
M =F × L … … … …. but F=Gy=1.75 KN =1750 N
M =1750 ( 30 )=52,500 Nmm
52,500 (8)
σind = =82 MPa
5120
Since the induced bending stress is less than the allowable bending stress [ 82 MPa <
114.4 MPa ] hence our design is safe
Table 4.18: Safe dimension for pin support

Width W 15 mm
Height H 16 mm
length L 30 mm
4.11 DESIGN OF ROLLER CONTACT BEARING:

In rolling contact bearing the contact between the bearing surfaces is
rolling instead of sliding as in sliding contact bearing surface. Advantage of rolling
bearing contact over a sliding contact bearing is that it has low starting friction. Due
to this low friction offered by rolling contact bearing, these are called anti-friction
bearings. There are two types of rolling contact bearings:
a) Ball bearing
b) Roller bearing
Now we select roller bearing because:
 The ball bearing used for light load
 The roller bearing are used for heavier load [ it is used for scissor jack ]
57
Scissor jack design
Types of roller bearings:
1. Cylindrical roller bearings
2. Spherical roller bearings
3. Needle roller bearings
4. Tapered roller bearings
Now we select cylindrical roller bearing since these bearings have short roller
guided in a cage. These bearings are relatively rigid against radial motion and we have the
lowest coefficient of friction of any form of heavy duty rolling contact bearings
 Material selection: low carbon steel AISI 1010 [Hot rolled]
Table 4.19: Material properties of roller contact bearing

The data is read from shigely text book table A – 20 [page 1040]
From design of power screw we have:

T =54.2 Nm ,α=7.714 ° , ∅=14.04 ° , ¿!11650 N ,dm=23.5mm
 The efficiency of the power screw is given by:

tanα tan ⁡(7.714)°
η= = =0.3394
tan ⁡( α + ∅) tan ⁡(7.714 +14.04)°
η %=33.94
 The power output of power screw is given by:
Wout
Pout = =¿
t
Where; W – output work of the screw
t – Time in minute or second
W =×! πdm=11650 × π ×23.5=860 Nm
Assume t = 1 sec
860 Nm
Pout =
1 sec
58
Scissor jack design
Pout =860 watt
 The power input is given by:
Pout 860
Pin= = =¿
η 0.3394
Pin=2533.5 watt
2 πN
P∈¿ T ×W … … … but W = … … . wher e n−number of rotational speed
60
T 2 πN Pin ×60 2533.5 ×60
Pin= … … … .. N= =
60 T ×2 π 54.2 ×2 π
N=446.4 rpm
N.B. the rotational speed of the power screw and roller are equal [N = N D = 446.4
rpm]. Where ND = desired speed
The desired load is not manufacturers test load or catalogue entry. The desired speed
is different from the vendors test speed, and the reliability expectation is typically
much higher than the 0.9 accompanying the catalogue entry.
 The rating load for cylindrical roller bearing is given by:
1
C lo=F D
XD
XB( ) … … … … …. where a= 103 … … for roller bearing
a
60 N D L D L D 60 N D L D
X D= = =
60 N R L R L R LR
W W
F D=f × … … … … … … .. =1.75 KN (the radial support load)
4 4
where F D=desired load ( radial )∧f =load factor
Where: Clo – rating load

lR – rating life in hour
NR– Rating speed, rpm
FD – Radial desired load
LR – Rating life in revolution = 106 rev
LD – desired life in revolution
lD – desired life in hour
59
Scissor jack design
ND – Desired speed in rpm
XD – multiple of rate life
60 N D L D
X D= … … … . since N D=446.4 rpm , L R=106 rev
LR
LD = [100 – 200] Khr = 100 Khr …………read from shigely table 11 – 4 (page 583)
f = [1.2 – 1.5]…..for light impact we take f = 1.32 ……….from shigely table 11 – 5 (page
583)
W
F D=f × =1.32 ×1.75 KN
4
F D=2.31 KN
1lb
1
X B= Xo+ ( θ− Xo ) ln ( Ro )
Where: Ro – Reliability contour ……..Ro ≥0.9 for safe design of cylinderical roll
We take Ro = 0.95
From weibull parameters Xo=0.02 , ( θ−Xo )=4.439∧b=1.483
1 l 1.483
1
X B=0.02+ ( 4.439 ) ln (
0.95 )
But for best design
1 1
ln =ln … … … … .. Pf =1−Ro
Ro 1−Pf
Where Pf – probability of failure
1lb
X B= Xo+ ( θ− Xo )( 1−Ro )
X B=0.02+ ( 4.439 ) (1−0.95 )1 l 1.483
X B=0.6088
1
XD
C lo=F D ( ) XB
a
1
2678.4
C lo=2.31 KN (
0.6008 )
3.333
C lo=28.6 KN
60
Scissor jack design
Assume for cylindrical roller bearing
Outré diameter (Do) = 62 mm
Width of roller = 17 mm
Co = 15 KN…………Read from table 11.3 (page 582) by using Clo
Now we check Co ≥ F D for safe∧Co≤ F D for not safe
Since Co ≥ F D [15 KN > 2.31 KN]. Our design is safe
Assume: inner diameter =30 mm
Ball race diameter = 8 mm
Table 4.20: Safe dimension for roller bearing
Width W 17 mm
Ball race diameter D 8 mm
Inner diameter Di 30 mm
CHAPTER V
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Table 5.1: operations in links
DESIGN OF SCISSOR JACK
Material: cast iron
Quantity: 8
no Name of Machines Tools Power remark
operations sources
1 Blank layout Band saw Meters electric -
of shearing
2 Milling Milling machine Carbide tip electric Mill the
dimension
to width of
12 mm
3 Milling Milling machine Shell and electric Cut the
mill semi-circle
at one end
61
Scissor jack design
4 Drilling Drilling machine Center drill electric Drill to

and drill bit diameter 8
mm
5 chamfering File Chamfering
the sharp
edges
6 Welding Electric arc electrode Electric Welding
welding the bushes
on the
semi-
circular end
of the link
7 Press fit Press machine electric Press the
bush
Table 5.2: operation sheet for nut:
Material: cast iron
Quantity: 2
operations sources
of shearing
2 Milling Milling machine Carbide tip electric -
3 Bore Milling machine Shell and electric Depth of 51
mill mm
mm
5 Thread cutting Lathe machine HSS Electric Double
threading start
file tool ACME
thread
62
Scissor jack design
6 Welding Electric arc electrode Electric -

welding
7 Press fit Press machine electric -
Table 5.3: operation sheet for screw

Material: low carbon steel
Quantity: 1
operations sources
of shearing
2 Turning Lath machine Carbide tip electric Turn to
diameter
56-
diameter 26
3 Milling Lath machine Shell and electric -
mill
4 Drilling Drilling machine Center drill electric -
and drill bit
5 Thread cutting Lath machine HSS - Double
threading start
file tool ACME
thread
welding
7 Clean up Lath machine File and electric Removing
63
Scissor jack design
wire brush chips
Table 5.4: operation sheet for pin

Material: medium carbon steel
Quantity: 24
operations sources
of shearing
2 Turning Lath machine Carbide tip electric Turn to
diameter
12mm
3 Turning Lath machine Shell and electric Turn to
fill diameter 8
mm
and drill bit
5 Facing Lath machine File - -
welding
7 Fillet Press machine - electric Radius 3
mm
64
Scissor jack design
Table 5.5: operation sheet for base

Material: grey cast iron
Quantity: 2
operations sources
of shearing
2 Milling Milling machine Carbide tip electric -
3 Milling Milling machine Shell and electric -
mill
and drill bit
5 chamfering file Chamfer
radius 5
mm
6 Welding Electric arc electrode Electric
welding
65
Scissor jack design
Table 5.6: operation sheet for handle

Material: Aluminum alloy cast iron
Quantity: 8
operations sources
of shearing
2 turning Lath machine Carbide tip electric Turn to the
individual
dimensions
3 Milling Milling machine Shell and electric Sharping
mill diameter 20
mm to 12
mm with a
depth of 10
mm
and drill bit
5 chamfering file -
welding
Table 5.7: operation sheet for cap

Material: cast iron
66
Scissor jack design
Quantity: 1
operations sources
of shearing
2 Milling Milling machine Carbide tip electric Mile up to
we get the
exact
dimension
of facing
3 Facing Lath machine - electric -
mm
5 Bore Boring machine File - Boring
diameter is
26 mm
welding
Table 5.8: operation sheet for guide bar

Material: grey cast iron
Quantity: 8
operations sources
67
Scissor jack design

of shearing
2 Facing Lath machine Carbide tip electric Facing
until we get
smooth
surface
3 Milling Milling machine Shell and electric -
fill
and drill bit
5 chamfering file -
6 Welding Electric arc electrode Electric Weld the
welding guide bar
on the base
68
Scissor jack design
CHAPTER VI
RESULTS
Table 6.1 DIMENSION AND TOLERANCES
a. Power screw
Dimension Tolerance
Core diameter[dc] 21 mm ± 0.02 mm
Major diameter[d] 26 mm ± 0.02 mm

Pitch[p] 5 mm ± 0.01 mm
Buckling load[Pb] 19.89 KN
Maximum diameter[Dmax] 56 mm ± 0.02 mm
Length of thread[Lth] 132 mm ± 0.2 mm
Number of thread[Nth] 28
Thickness of power screw[tps] 19.5 mm ± 0.2 mm
Total length of power 165 mm ± 10 mm
screw[Ltotal]
Mean diameter[dm] 23.5 mm ± 0.02 mm
b. Link
dimension Tolerance
Total length 128 mm ± 2mm
Length 116 mm ± 2mm
Width 5 mm ± 0.01 mm
depth 12 mm ± 0.02 mm
c. Nut
69
Scissor jack design
dimensions tolerance
Inner diameter of nut[Di] 26 mm ± 0.02 mm
Height of nut[Ln] 25 mm ± 0.2 mm
No. of thread of nut[Nn] 5 mm -
Outer diameter[Do] 56 mm ± 0.01 mm
d. Rolling contact bearing

dimensions tolerance
Outer diameter[Do] 62 mm ± 10 mm
Inner diameter[Di] 30 mm ± 10 mm
Width of bearing 17 mm ± 5 mm
Ball race diameter 8 mm ± 2mm
e. Pin
Dimensions Tolerances
Total length[Ltot] 20 mm ± 6 mm
Inner diameter[Di] 8 mm ± 1mm
Outer diameter[Do] 12 mm ± 1mm
Thickness[t] 6 mm ± 2mm
6.2 material cost analysis

All cost per Kg ($/Kg) for all material is read from callister material science and engineering
 we take the maximum cost per kg for all material (relative cost)
Assume 1$ = 23 birr
Table 6.2 cost analysis
70
Scissor jack design
part material Read from callister material Read from

science (Appendix c) mechanics of
material; beer
($/kg) (birr/kg) ρ
( mkg )
3
Power screw Low carbon 0.8 18.4 7860

steel AISI
1010(HR)
Link Malleable cast 2.4 55.2 7300
iron 2% c,
1%si, ASTM
A47
Nut Grey cast iron 1.9 43.7 7200
ASTM no 20
Cap Grey cast iron 1.9 43.7 7200
ASTM no 20
Washer Medium 1.1 25.3 7860
carbon steel
AISI
1040(HR)
Pin Medium 1.1 25.3 7860
carbon steel
AISI
1040(HR)
handle Cast iron 7.6 174.8 2710
319.0
aluminum
alloy 6061 –
T6
base Grey cast iron 1.9 43.7 7200
4.5%c ASTM
71
Scissor jack design
A – 48
Guide bar Grey cast iron 1.9 43.7 7200
4.5%c ASTM
A – 48
I. cost for power screw:

V =4.06396 ×1 0− 4 m3∧m=3.2 kg
cost
cost of power screw=m × =3.2×18.4 = 58.88 birr
kg
total cost of power screw=58.88 birr
II. Cost of link:

V =7.68 × 10−6 m 3∧m=0.056043 kg
cost
co st of link =m× =0.056043 ×55.2=3.1birr
kg
total cost of link=8× 3.1=24.8 birr
III. Cost of cap:

V =7.1695 ×10−6 m3 ∧m=0.051606 kg
cost
cost of cap=m× =0.051606 × 43.7=2.3 birr
kg
total cost of cap=2.3 birr
IV. Cost of nut:
V =6.1575× 10−5 m3 ∧m=0.44334 kg
cost
cost of nut =m× =0.44334 ×43.7=19.4 birr
kg
total cost of nut =19 .4 birr
V. Cost of base:
V =1.8 × 10−4 m 3∧m=1.29 kg
72
Scissor jack design
cost
cost of base=m× =1.29× 43.7=56.373 birr
kg
total cost of base=2 ×56.373=112.75 birr
VI. Cost of guide bar:

V =3× 10−6 m 3∧m=2.16 ×10−2 kg
cost
cost guide ¯¿ m× =2.16 × 10−2 × 43.7=0.94 birr
kg
total cost of guide ¯¿ 4 ×0.94=3.76 birr
VII. Cost of washer:

V =9.852× 10−6 m3∧m=0.077436 kg
cost
cost of washer=m× =0.077436 ×25.3=1.96 birr
kg
total cost of washer=3 ×1.96=5.88 birr
VIII. Cost of handle:

V =1.6 × 10−4 m 3∧m=0.4336 kg
cost
cost of handle=m × =0.4336 ×174.8=75.8 birr
kg
total cost of handle =75.8 birr
IX. Cost of pin:

V =2.262×10−6 m3 ∧m=0.01778 kg
cost
cost of pin=m× =0.01778 ×25.3=0.45 birr
kg
total cost of pin=24 × 0.45=10.8 birr
73
Scissor jack design
Conclusion
My design of double scissor jack was carried out successfully. It meets the entire
needed standard. This product will be much preferable from other products of the
same function because it is much simpler than that of other scissor jack products.
Other cause of its preferebility is load. Generally we believe we make a safe design of
double scissor jack.
74
Scissor jack design
75

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Scissor jack design

DESIGN OF DOUBLE SCISSOR JACK

I am going to design a scissor jack, which is

SELEMON ASSEFA ( BSc)

Phone number: +251937620937

ADDIS ABEBA, ETHIOPIA

1.1 MECHANICAL JACK

Automotive jacks are classified as:

In the repair and maintenance of automobiles (car), it is often necessary to raise an

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1.4 PROBLEM SOLUTION

In recent years, various platforms or devices with various

 Electrically operated lifting device which is operated by the turning effect of

1.5.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

The general objective of this project is:

1.5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

 The device will withstand a load up to 7000 N (7KN)

 The developed car jack must be operated on a flat surface

 The developed car jack is for all individual person

 The design is based on current scissor jack in the market

2.1 SCISSOR JACK

2.2 double scissor jack

2.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE SCISSOR

 It can be used to lift a heavy loads against gravity

 Chances of dropping of loads

2.4 REASONS FOR ACCIDENT

 When load is improperly secured on jack

2.5 APPLICATION OF SCISSOR LIFT (SCISSOR JACK)

 Railway and aeronautical industry

2.6 COMPONENTS OF SCISSOR JACK

2.6.2 POWER SCREW:

Power screws are used to convert rotary motion in to translational motion. It is

2.6.2.1 Power screw motions

Fig 2.6 Fig 2.7

2.6.2.2 TYPES OF POWER SCREW

There are 3 types of screw threads used in power screws

2.6.2.3 ADVANTAGE OF USING POWER SCREW

The main advantages of using power screw are:

 Has large load carrying capacity

2.6.4 COUPLING NUTS

MATERIAL & DESIGN METHODOLOGY

 Invent alternative solution

3.1 MATERIAL SELECTION

II. Manufacturing Case:

III. Quality Required:

Important parameters for Material selection of double scissor jack are:

3.1.1 Material for power screw:

3.1.2 Material for the link:

3.1.3 Material for nut & cap:

3.1.4 Material for washer & pin:

3.1.5 Material for handle:

3.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE

To design a double scissor jack we follow the following procedure:

3.2 COMPONENT ANALYSIS:

From the figure

hmin= ymin+2 a−2b

from the triangle

From the figure

From the triangle

Table 3.1 itteration value

itteration θmin(° ¿ L(mm) θ max ⁡(°)

From itteration no 14 θ min ¿ 14