GREEN

INFRASTRUCTURE

Group members:
Karma Yoezer
Pema Choden
Sonam Dekim
1 Thukten Rabjay
 INTRODUCTION
01 ▪ What is Green Infrastructure?
▪ Timeline
O ▪ Types of practices
▪ GI Scale
U ▪ Benefits of GI
T
L 02 CASE STUDY 1
▪ Project Description
I ▪ Site Plan
▪ Project Details
N ▪ Working Mechanism
▪ Inference
E
CASE STUDY 2
03 ▪ Project Details
▪ Construction Process
▪ Working Mechanism
▪ Why TDSMS?

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G ▪ Green infrastructure is an approach to water
R
management that protects, restores, or mimics the
E
E natural water cycle. Green infrastructure is effective,
N economical, and enhances community safety and
quality of life.
I
N
F
R
A
S "Green Infrastructure can be broadly defined as a
T strategically planned network of high quality natural and
semi-natural areas with other environmental features, which is
R designed and managed to deliver a wide range of ecosystem
U services and protect biodiversity in both rural and urban
C settings. More specifically GI, being a spatial structure
T providing benefits from nature to people, aims to enhance
U nature’s ability to deliver multiple valuable ecosystem goods
R and services, such as clean air or water.“
E European Union (2013): Building a Green Infrastructure for
Europe.
3
G
I 1990’s
Originated in US
T • Value of natural 2010
I environment in land
M use planning
Embedded in UK
E • Making best used of
Government policy
land as scarce
L resource
I
N
E
Emerging as EU
Developed in UK Wide strategy

2012
2009

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 1.Sink It 2.Slow It
T ▪ Holds stormwater flow and slowly
Y ▪ Holds stormwater and slowly releases it to the sewer system.
P
E infiltrates it into the ground.
S

O
F

P
R
A
C
T 3.Reuse It 4.Move It
I ▪ Holds stormwater and uses it to ▪ Directs water flows to a
C meet non-potable water demands. downstream area of storage.
E
S

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 Where it works
A. Rain Garden ▪ Residential yards, office and
S commercial storefronts,
I parks, rights-of-way and
N parking lots
▪ Designed to collect
K stormwater from Advantages
impervious ▪ Easy and inexpensive to
I surfaces, then hold install;
T it in a planted, ▪ wide range of scales and
depressed area site applicability;
where it may be ▪ improves water and air
absorbed into the quality;
ground. ▪ aesthetically pleasing;
▪ reduces runoff volume
B. Permeable Paving
Disadvantages
▪ Requires relatively flat site

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 Where it works
▪ Poorly drained sites; sites with
contaminated soils; drainage from
S A. Flow-through Planter rooftop gutters; adjacent to streets
L where runoff may be directed into
O them for treatment
W ▪ Allow stormwater
Advantages
to flow and filter
through vegetation, ▪ Planted vegetation helps
I growing medium lessen stormwater flows,
T and gravel traps sediments and reduces
erosion; reduces stormwater
volume and removes
pollutants; provides water
B. Vegetated Roof
detention in significant
C. Constructed Wetland
rainfall events
D. Detention Tank

Disadvantages
▪ May require irrigation to
maintain plants in the dry
season.

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 Where it works
▪ Above-ground storage must be sited in a
stable, flat area; rainwater storage cannot
R block path of travel for fire safety access;
A. Rainwater Harvesting overflow locations must be designed to
E direct flows away from building
U foundations and adjacent properties
S
▪ Collection and
E storage of Advantages
stormwater runoff ▪ Reduces volume and peak flows of
from impervious stormwater entering the sewer;
reduces energy and chemicals
I surfaces for later
needed to treat stormwater; low
T use in irrigation, maintenance for above ground
toilet flushing or cisterns; good for sites where
other non-potable infiltration is not an option; recycles
uses water for non-potable reuse

Disadvantages
▪ May require pumps or valves to use stored
water; roof surfaces should not contain
copper or materials treated with fungicides
and herbicides if storing and reusing water
for irrigation;
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 Where it works
▪ Well suited for historic creek
paths that meander through
A. Creek Daylighting existing open space or the public
M
O right-of-way
V
Advantages
E
▪ Uncovering and ▪ Provides flood attenuation and
restoring natural reduces stormwater peak flows;
highly effective at removing
I creeks, streams and stormwater pollutants and
T rivers that were recharging groundwater;
provides valuable habitat and
previously buried community and aesthetic
in underground amenities
pipes or culverts, or Disadvantages
▪ High installation and maintenance
otherwise removed
costs; often requires land
from view. acquisition; area will not receive
full benefits if only fragments of
creek are day lit
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P ▪ Porous asphalt pavement is commonly known as open graded asphalt concrete,
O open graded friction course and permeable asphalt.
R
O
U
S

A
S
P
H
A
L
T
Layers of Permeable Asphalt Road constructed condition
I
N ▪ Working Mechanism: It provides ▪ Benefits: It controls floods, treats
water with a place to go, usually in water, recharges groundwater to
R the form of underlying, open-graded underlying aquifers, extends
O stone bed. As the water drains pavement life due to well-drained
A
D
through the porous asphalt and into base, allows for reduction of
stone bed, it slowly infiltrates into stormwater infrastructure.
the soil, recharge and replenish
ground water level. ▪ Cons: Material costs is 20-25% more
than traditional asphalt, long term
maintenance is required by routine
quarterly vacuum sweeping.
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 Regional Scale Area Scale
▪ Local parks
▪ Natural preserves
▪ Constructed wetlands
▪ Working farms and forests
G ▪ Green streets
▪ River corridors
I

S
C
A
L
E
S

City Scale Site/Building Scale

▪ Urban forest/ Tree canopy ▪ Stormwater planters
▪ Urban parks ▪ Rain gardens
▪ Parkways and boulevards ▪ Green roofs

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 ▪ Professer Dr. Mikiko Ishikawa from the University of Tokyo introduces
“Methodology of Green Infrastructure Planning towards Sustainability of Urban
G Environment.”
I
❑ She raised four justifications on adopting GI as a way to sustainable development as
I follows:
N ▪ i. Environmental capacity to prevent water shortage problem, introduction of
watershed management , preservation of forests and agricultural lands.
▪ ii. Natural disaster prevention as rapid urbanization taking place along the
B
riverside’s and steep slopes.
H ▪ iii. Biodiversity conservation as Thimphu city has been suffering from destruction
U of wetlands and riparian forests.
T ▪ Cultural landscapes conservation.
A
N ▪ She emphasized on the preference of GI over Grey Infrastructure as it is cost
effective and easier to maintain as well.

▪ She also discussed of world movement towards Green Infrastructure with the recent
issues on climatic fluctuations.

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B
E
N
E
F
I 01 Economic 02 Environmental
03
T Social
S

O ▪ ▪ Public health
Real estate value ▪ Air
F
▪ Business ▪ Water ▪ Public safety
▪ Energy ▪ Soil ▪ Connection to nature
G conservation ▪ Climate ▪ Education
I
▪ Food production ▪ wildlife ▪ Aesthetics

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B 1.Urban Heat Island Mitigation
E ▪ In summer, trees provide shade and
release water vapor through
N evapotranspiration. This can reduce
E temperatures by several degrees in
F the surrounding area.
I ▪ Adding green space and parks
2. Improved Air Quality
T ▪ Vegetation filters noxious gases
S and particulate matter from the air.
5. Reduced Water Treatment Cost
Reducing the volume of stormwater
runoff reduces the cost of wastewater
treatment in combined systems.
6. Increased Community Connections
encourages neighborhood
interactions.

3. Reduced Energy Demands 7. Increased Property Tax Revenues

▪ Green roofs and walls have
O landscaping add value to
an insulating effect on
F buildings, reducing heating
and cooling costs.
4. Improved Urban Aesthetics and
G Community Livability
I ▪ Shaded sidewalks and
decorative plants contributes to
a more walkable community.
▪ Green space and improved
existing properties.
8. Additional Wildlife Habitat
▪ Pocket wetlands, green
roofs, rain gardens can
all provide homes for
butterflies, birds and
other small wildlife.

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 CASE STUDY 1

Missouri Avenue
Sewer Separation /
Spring Lake Park
Project

Omaha , USA

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S ▪ Originally established in the
P 1870s as an urban park with a
Location
R lake. Located in
▪ Sometime during post World South Omaha,
I War II the lake was drained and Nebraska,
N Spring Lake Park became a United States.
G dumping ground instead of a
place for families to gather for
L Sunday afternoon picnics.
A
▪ Through the CSO Program,
K grants from Nebraska
E Environmental Trust and
collaboration with Omaha’s
P Parks Department the lake, Architect
A wetlands and a broad range of • Ryan Bentley, PLA
R green elements transformed the
area. • Big Muddy
K ▪ The project was completed in Workshop
the spring of 2017 and now the • Landscape Architect
wildlife habitat is diverse and
plentiful.

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P ▪ The purpose of the project was to
R provide sewer separation through
installation of both new storm and
O
sanitary sewer pipe and eliminate
J combined sewer overflows to the
E Missouri River.
C ▪ It originally contained three small
T ponds. However, due to concerns
with disease, the ponds were drained in
1930s.
D
▪ Two unsuccessful attempts were
E made to renovate the park. In 1939,
S a plan was developed but work was
C not fully implemented due to World
R ▪ The design concept helped War II. Then in 1990s, it failed due
I in the revitalization of the to lack of funding.
P park by including the
creation of a detention pond
T to reduce peak flows in the
I sewer system and reuse
O portions of the existing
N downstream pipe system
rather than building new
larger pipe.
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 ▪ The project encompasses a 416 acres
watershed area.

❑ The Green Infrastructure element

S elements of the project include:
I
T ▪ Catch Basin Modification
E ▪ Bioretention/Rain garden
▪ Vegetated Swales
▪ Infiltration Basin
▪ Constructed Wetlands
P ▪ Submerged Gravel Wetland
L ▪ Detention Basin
A ▪ Wet Land Pond (lake)fishing
N

Bio-retention Garden Constructed Wetland Vegetated Infiltration Basin

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 Bioretention Area
▪ They are shallow landscaped depressions
that capture, clean and absorb stormwater
runoff from roofs, parking lots and roads

Infiltration system
▪ They are designed to capture and retain
stormwater runoff , allowing water to
gradually infiltrate into the ground over a
period time

Constructed Wetland
▪ They are designed to capture, filter, and store
stormwater similar to a wet retention basin.
However, they also contain a large quantity
of wetland vegetation

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S
P
R
I
N
G

L
A
K
E

P
A
R
K

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 Description Design Assumption
P Sewer Separation Area Phase 1 and 2 : 416 acres
R
O Pipe Phase 1 : 13500 ft new sanitary sewer
J 21500 ft new storm sewer
E 1200 ft micro-tunneling
C Phase 2 : 3480 ft new sanitary sewer
T 6044 ft new storm sewer
115 ft jack and bore tunneling

D
E
T
A Bioretention Phase 1 : 0.1 acre ft
I Phase 2 : 0.2 acre ft
L
S Detention Phase 1 : 88 acre ft lake
Phase 2 : 9.2 acre ft

Constructed Wetland Phase 1 : 1.7 acre ft

Phase 2 : 0.1 acre ft

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 SEWER TREATMENT
W
O
R
K
I
N
SAFL Baffle in First Flush Extend Dry
G residential neighborhood Division Manhole Detention Basin

M
E
C
H Dry Detention
Constructed Wetland Meandering Channel with
A Facility
Boulder Drops
N
I
S
M

Spring Lake Flat Sloped Combined Pipe now Missouri River

22 channel Storm Pipe
 STORM WATER TREATMENT
W Storm pipes
Roof/impervious Though the yards Down the street
O through the park
surface near houses
R
K
I
N
G
Low the culvert and “Texas Meandering channel Dry detention pond
Crossing” to wetland with boulder drops and gated outlet pipe
M
E
C
H
A
N
Energy dissipation structure
I Constructed wetland and Spring lake and pipe
to “Natural channel”
S outlet pipe under trail to lake under “F” street
M

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S
P
R
I
N
G

L
A
K
Before the project After the project
E

P
A ▪ In addition to enhancing the beauty of the park, the green infrastructure reduced
R the need for the construction of a new, larger diameter pipe system downstream
of the detention ponds which saved the city approximately $5 million dollars in
K grey solutions.

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 Inference

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 CASE STUDY 2

Towerside
District
Stormwater
Management
System,

Minneapolis, USA

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P
R
▪ Location: City of Minneapolis, USA
O
▪ Scale: District level
J
▪ Status: Completed
E
▪ Neighborhood type: Mixed use
C
▪ Total site area: 370 acres
T

D
E ▪ Towerside District Stormwater
System is a stormwater reuse
T system.
A ▪ Designed to capture, treat and reuse
I stormwater from a group of private
properties and prospect park
L neighborhood.
S ▪ In our watershed all our Stormwater
runs off directly into Mississippi
river.
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C
O
N
S
T
R
U
C Fig. Installation
of underground
TI
tanks and pipes
O Fig. Area before the project
N implementation.

P
R
O
C
E
S
S

Fig. Construction of filtration basin

28 Fig. Final completion of the project.
 i. All stormwaters from group of private properties and Prospect Park Neighborhood
W flows into a pair of treatment area called bio-filtration basins which are connected by
O an underground pipe.
R
K ii. Basins are filled with engineered
soil and native plants that treat the dirty
I runoff by removing pollutants.
N
G iii. Bacteria, sediments and excess
nutrients are all captured in the bio-
M filtration basin.
E
C
H
A
v. From there the water will be pumped out
N
to neighboring properties and used for
I things like irrigating plants, may be flushing
S toilets and even for industrial uses.
M
S
iv. Underneath the basin there is a 200,000 gallons storage tank. After the stormwater
runoff has soaked into the basin and filtered through the soil it drains through an
underground pipe and flows into the tank.
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S
C
H
E
M
A
T
I
C

M
E
C
H
A
N
I
S
M

Fig. Schematic diagram showing workings of the stormwater management system.

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W
H
To Improve Water Quality.
Y

T
H
Provide Erosion Control, &
E
Riverbank Stabilization Measures.
T
D
S
M Address Surface-Water Rate and Volume Control.
S
?

Promote Habitat Improvement, Connectivity, and Restoration.

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B
E
N Demonstrates how stormwater infrastructure can provide
E added valued to the public realm.
F
I
T
S Manages stormwater as resource for re-use and provides
cleaner stormwater.
O
F

T It is a more efficient stormwater system resulting in a

margin of cost savings below the typical cost to meet City
D stormwater requirements.
S
M
S
? Provides pockets of habitat and a green public realm.

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 ▪ It resolves the stormwater issues during monsoon season in Minneapolis.
▪ The treated stormwater can be used for garden irrigation, toilet-flushing and in
industrial areas.
I
N ▪ It deposes the clean stormwater into the river Mississippi which doesn’t disturb
F aquatic ecosystem.
E ▪ It collects all the stormwater from nearby properties and parks for treatment which
R
E set the standard for healthy practice of stormwater management.
N ▪ There is a blend of treatment basin and the attractive streets which would draw the
C attention of visitors/passer-by.
E
▪ Above all, it prevents soil erosion or surface runoff in that area.
S

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 ▪ The use of the green infrastructure technique
reduces the construction costs of stormwater
management and sewers.
▪ Adoption of GI addresses the need of sustainable
A development.
▪ GI technique encourages rainwater harvesting and
N
gray water from buildings.
A ▪ Filtration system in stormwater plant removes
L pollutants.
Y ▪ Adoption of this method helps to reduce the
S surface run-off and proper management of toxic
I stormwater.
▪ Removal of pollutants ensure safety of the aquatic
S
ecosystem in which it is finally poured out.

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 ▪ Gilyard,R., Bean,M. (2019, May 9). Towerside District Stormwater System:
How a Minneapolis neighborhood set the stage for stormwater innovation.
R Retrieved from https://www.mwmo.org/towerside
E ▪ Minnesota Design Center(2018, August 2). Towerside Framework for Planning
and Implementation, Version 2.1.
F
Retrieved from https://www.towersidemsp.org/
E ▪ Mississippi watershed Management (2018). Towerside District Stormwater
R System Phase I Report.
E ▪ American Planning Association, Planning Advisory Service. (2013, April 25).
N Green Infrastructures: A Landscape Approach, Report Number 571.
C ▪ Benedict, Mark A. & McMahon, Edward T. (2006). Green Infrastructure:
linking landscapes and communities
E
▪ City of Omaha. 2015. Complete Streets Omaha. Prepared by The Public Works
S and Planning Departments with the Douglas County Health Department,
Omaha By Design, CHI Health, and Live Well Omaha.
▪ Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Different Shades of Green.
Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-
10/documents/green_infrastructure_brochure_final.pdf

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 Thank You

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