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8 - English-Active and Passive Voice&Formal Letter-Notes
8 - English-Active and Passive Voice&Formal Letter-Notes
Subject- English
Title of the book- Collins English Grammar and Composition
General Instructions:
Passive voice
In passive voice, the sentence begins with the ‘object’ and the ‘subject’ is at the end. Hence here
‘object’ is given more importance and ‘the subject’ is ‘passive’.
e.g.
Past Tense
Simple Past Tense
Active S + V2 + O
Passive O + was/were + V3 + by + S
1. The strife torn Sri Lanka was facing a great trouble at that time. (Active Voice)
A great trouble was being faced at that time by the strife torn Sri Lanka. (Passive Voice)
2. She was reading a novel of Kate Thompson (Active Voice)
A novel of Kate Thompson was being read by her. (Passive Voice)
3. Kunal was attending the guests at the party last night. (Active Voice)
The guests were being attended at the party last night by Kunal.
Or
Guests were being attended by Kunal at the party last night. (Passive Voice)
4. What were they discussing? (Active Voice)
What was being discussed by them? (Passive Voice)
5. Where was the road leading you? (Active Voice)
Where were you being led by the road? (Passive Voice)
Future Tense
Simple Future Tense
Active S + shall/will + V1 + O
Passive O + shall/will + be + V3 + by + S
In such sentences ‘let’ is used to change into passive voice. It is followed by ‘object’ and ‘be +
V3’ as follows
Requests
If, in above sentences, ‘please’ is added, they become ‘requests’.
The passive voice of such sentences is begun with ‘You are requested to
e.g.
e.g.
Note: the verbs which are used ‘transitively’ can only be changed into passive voice.
Intransitive verbs cannot be changed into passive voice as they do not contain any object.
In passive voice, since ‘object’ is more important and the sentence starts with it, the verb must
be in accordance with it.
e.g.
In the first sentence, ‘subject’ is singular and in the second sentence, ‘subject’ is plural. But
irrespective of that the passive voice of both the sentences will be Movies are liked by.
Answers to the Exercises given in the Book of Unit 17:Active and Passive Voice
Pg 105
A.
1. Active voice
2. Passive voice
3. Active voice
4. Passive voice
5. Active voice
6. Passive voice
7. Active voice
F.
1. The police were given a detailed account of the incident by the witness.
2. The charts are being put up on the wall by the students.
3. ‘Hurrah! The trophy has been won by us!’
4. ‘How beautifully the portrait has been painted!’
5. The passengers were requested to be seated by the air hostess during stormy weather.
6. Your books should be kept neatly in a row.
G.
1. The teacher selected the new monitors of the class.
2. The President felicitated the best teachers in the country on Republic Day.
3. ‘Alas! We have lost the ship forever!’
4. Deliver the books on time.
5. You must eat plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables to keep yourself healthy.
6. They spent a lot of money for making this film.
7. The emperor ordered the soldiers to bring him the flying horse.
H.
1. Rani and Vani are going to prepare dinner for the guests. Dinner is going to be prepared
for the guests by Rani and Vani.
2. I want you to read the letter carefully. The letter is to be read carefully by you.
3. Neha had to buy a gift for her mother. A gift had to be bought by Neha for her mother.
4. Shekhar wants his team to discuss the matter urgently. Shekhar wants the matter to be
discussed by his team urgently.
I.
1. This place will be transformed into a beautiful wedding venue by the decorators.
2. The reader has to understand the moral of the story.
3. The film has to be released by the distributors today.
4. The teacher wanted the meal to be shared by the children.
5. We learnt how a dish is to be presented at the cookery workshop.
6. I want your fear of mathematics to be conquered.
J.
2. It was thought that the play put up by the children was beautifully performed.
The play put up by the children was thought to be beautifully performed.
3. It is said that the mountain looks serene in the moonlight.
The mountain is said to look serene in the moonlight.
4. It is believed that Ravi is a perfect example for his younger siblings to follow.
Ravi is believed to be a perfect example for his younger siblings to follow.
5. It is known that Shekhar has the potential to do well in academics.
Shekhar is known to have the potential to do well in academics.
6. It is expected that the weather will be sunny tomorrow.
The weather is expected to be sunny tomorrow.
Class 8
Subject: English
Topic: Formal Letter
General Instructions:
The following work is to be neatly copied in the English Notebook.
Introduction
Formal letters are written to people who are not known to us personally. It is written in the
formal language with a specific format for business or official purpose. There are two types of
formal letters
i. Application to the Principal
ii. Letter to the Editor
Points to remember
i. Keep the letter short and to the point. Mention all the necessary information.
ii. Make sure that the ideas are well presented.
iii. Use a polite, formal but positive tone.
iv. Write in clear and legible handwriting.
v. Conclude with hope, appeal or suggestion.
Format
X City/sender’s address as given in the question X City/sender’s address given in the question
Date(dt/mth/yr) Date(dt/mth/yr)
The Principal
Sachdeva Public School
Delhi
1 July, 2020
Respected Madam
Subject: Request to Grant Free Scholarship
I am a student of class VIII-B of your school. I have been studying in the school from class I and
have always stood first in the annual examination every year.
My father has retired from service. His pecuniary condition is in such a bad shape that he is
unable to pay my tuition fee any longer. Under such circumstances, I shall have no other
alternative but to discontinue my studies. So, I request you to kindly grant me free scholarship so
as to enable me to continue my studies, otherwise my career will be nipped in the bud. I would
like to inform you that I am a well mannered and obedient student. I have won many medals in
sports competitions and certificates in other co-curricular activities.
If I am granted the said concession, I promise to spare no pains to study more diligently and
bring more accolades to school. I shall personally remain ever grateful to you.
Thanking you
Yours obediently
Rachit
RACHIT GUPTA
VIII-B
Q2. You are Abhinav Pandey, a resident of 121 Vinobha Puri, Delhi. You are concerned as the
prices of commodities are increasing at a rapid pace. Write a letter to the editor to The Times of
India complaining against the price hike.
Ans.
121 Vinobha Puri
Delhi
The Editor
The Times of India
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
Delhi
2 July, 2020
Sir
Subject: Problem of Price Hike
Through the column of your esteemed newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the government
towards price hike.
The prices of all the essential commodities are increasing at a rapid pace. The common man is
finding it extremely difficult to make both ends meet. They are finding it tough to arrange for the
necessities of life, not to speak of the luxuries. The daily necessities of life are becoming costlier
with each passing day. Prices of wheat, flour, rice, pulses, sugar, vegetable oil and other basic
necessities of life have touched new heights. In fact, there is no limit to galloping prices. The
steep rise in prices has severely hit the poor and middle class people. They groan day and night
under crushing weight of rising prices. The government must realise that price line is the life
line. Big businessmen and hoarders store things in their warehouses and create artificial
shortages in the market. This leads to an increase in prices. Despite the warnings given to the
hoarders and the black marketers by the government, the price rise remains unchecked. If the
situation persists, the unrest and discontent in the general public shall grow and cause civic
problems.
This problem can be solved if the government takes the necessary steps. The number of fair
price depots should be increased. Shopkeepers and traders must be ordered to put price lists of
essential commodities. Black marketeers and hoarders must be dealt with sternly. Immediate
steps by the government to control the rising prices are desired. Formulation of new policies for
the welfare of the poor would be of great help too.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Abhinav
ABHINAV PANDEY