Periodic Table of Elements

Prepared by: Ernest Mendoza

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

-The periodic table is an arrangement

of chemical elements that is a very
helpful tool for determining their
chemical properties.

-Chemists discovered that the

chemical properties of elements
depend on the outermost electrons
(or valence electrons) in the atom.
Development of the Periodic Table

1.Jons Jakob Berzelius

( 1779-1848)- a Swedish
chemist, developed a
table of atomic weights
and introduced letters
to symbolize elements.
2.Johann Dobereiner ( 1780-
1849)- a German chemist,
was one of the first chemists
to recognize that groups of
elements with similar
properties exist.
3.John Newlands (1837-1898)- devised
the first periodic table. He noted that,
if elements starting from hydrogen were
arranged in the order of increasing
atomic mass, similar properties would
repeat every eight element.
4.Julius Lothar Meyer
(1830-1895) a German,
and Dmitri Ivanovich
Mendeleev (1834-1907),
a Russian- are chemists
credited for the
discovery of the periodic
law.
5.Henry Moseley (1887-1915) –
an English scientist, through his
studies on the x-ray spectra of
elements discovered that the
atomic number closely
corresponds to the nuclear
charge of the atom.
The timeline of the periodic table.
1828- Jonas Jakob Berzelius developed a table of atomic
weights and introduced letters to symbolized elements.
1828- Johann Dobereiner developed groups of three elements
he called triads.
1863- John Newlands observed that, if elements were
arranged according to increasing atomic mass, similar
properties would repeat every eight element. He called this
the law of octaves.
1869- Dmitri Mendeleev and Julius Lothar Meyer independently
proposed the periodic law: if the elements were arranged on the
basis of increasing atomic mass, elements with similar properties
would occur periodically, or at regular intervals.
1913- Henry Moseley discovered that atomic number closely
corresponds to the nuclear change of an atom and restated the
periodic law: when the elements are arranged in the order of
increasing atomic number, elements with similar properties
appear at periodic intervals.
Arrangement of elements in the periodic table

Periods- is composed
of seven horizontal
rows which numbered
consecutively from 1
to 7.
Groups or
families- is
composed of
eighteen vertical
columns.
The names of some common groups and their locations in the periodic table are
as follows:

The alkali metals form Group 1

( except for hydrogen )
The alkaline earth metals
form Group 2
The chalcogens form Group 16
The halogens form Group 17
The noble or inert gases form
Group 18
Groups 13 to 15 have no special
names, they are named after the first
element found in each of the
mentioned columns.
Groups 3 to 12 and with atomic
numbers 21 to 48 are the transition
metals.
Lanthanides, period 6 and Actinides
from period 7- two periods that are
found below the periodic table.
Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 are called
the representative or main group
elements.
The periodic table can be subdivided into different blocks.
Assignment of groups in each block
Block Assigned Group
s block Group 1 to 2 (
representative elements )

p block Group 13 to 18 (
representative elements)

d block Group 3 to 12 ( transition

metals)

f block Inner transition elements

Name of Element Symbol Latin Name

Lead Pb Plumbum

Sodium Na Natrium

Copper Cu Cuprum

Antimony Sb Stibium

Tin Sn Stannum

Tungsten W Wolfram

Gold Au Aurum

Silver Ag Argentum

Potassium K Kalium

Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum

Iron Fe Ferrum
7 elements that are considered as
semimetals or metalloids
Boron
Silicon
Germanium
Arsenic
Antimony
Tellurium
Polonium