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Fess 303
Fess 303
Fess 303
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2021-22
Chapter 3
You must have heard the word 'government'
What is mentioned several times. In this chapter you
will learn about what a government is and the
important role it plays in our lives. What do
Government? governments do? How do they decide what to
do? What is the difference between different
types of governments such as monarchies and
democracies? Read more and find out….
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28 / Social and Political Life
The government also has the job of Can you list three things that
protecting the boundaries of the the government does which
country and maintaining peaceful have not been mentioned.
relations with other countries. It is
1.
responsible for ensuring that all its
citizens have enough to eat and have 2.
good health facilities. When there are 3.
natural disasters like the tsunami or
an earthquake it is the government Some rules have to be made that
that mainly organises aid and apply to everyone. For example, there
assistance for the affected people. If is a need to control resources and
there is a dispute or if someone has protect the territory of a country, so
committed a crime you find people in people can feel secure. Governments
a court. Courts are also part of the do this on behalf of their people by
government. exercising leadership, taking
Perhaps you are wondering how decisions and implementing these
governments manage to do all this. among all the people living in their
And why it is necessary for them to do territory.
so. When human beings live and work Levels of Government
together, there needs to be some
amount of organisation so that Now that you know that the
decisions can be made. government is responsible for so
Some examples of
institutions that are
part of the government:
The Supreme Court,
The Indian Railways
and Bharat Petroleum.
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What is Government? / 29
many different things, can you think Haryana or Assam and the national
of how it manages to do all these? The level relates to the entire country (see
government works at different levels: the maps). Later in this book, you will
at the local level, at the level of the read about how local level government
state and at the national level. The functions, and when you go into the
local level means in your village, town next few classes you will learn about
or locality, the state level would mean how governments function at the state
that which covers an entire state like and central levels.
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30 / Social and Political Life
Source: www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/maps/atlas/00part1.pdf
Note: Telangana became the 29th State of India on the 2nd June, 2014 after the reorganisation of the State of Andhra Pradesh.
Since 31 October 2019, the state of Jammu & Kashmir was2021-22
divided into two union territories — Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.
What is Government? / 31
Laws and the Government it is the people who give the
government this power. They do this
The government makes laws and
through elections in which they vote
everyone who lives in the country has
for particular persons and elect them.
to follow these. This is the only way
Once elected, these persons form the
governments can function. Just like
government. In a democracy the
the government has the power to
government has to explain its actions
make decisions, similarly it has the
and defend its decisions to the people.
power to enforce its decisions. For
example, there is a law that says that Another form of government is
all persons driving a motor vehicle monarchy. The monarch (king or
must have a licence. Any person queen) has the power to make
caught driving a vehicle without a decisions and run the government.
licence can either be jailed or fined a The monarch may have a small group
large sum of money. Without these of people to discuss matters with, but
laws the government's power to make the final decision-making power
decisions is not of much use. remains with the monarch. Unlike in
a democracy, kings and queens do not
Discuss have to explain their actions or defend
Think of an example of another the decisions they take.
law. Why do you think it is
important that people abide by
this law?
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32 / Social and Political Life
Discuss
Nowhere in the
1. Do you think it is important for people world have gover-
to be involved in decisions that affect nments willingly
them? Give two reasons for your answer. shared power.
2. Which type of government would All over Europe
you prefer to have in the place you live and USA,
in? Why? women and
3. Which of the statements below is the poor have
correct? Correct those sentences that had to fight for
you think need correction. participation
in government.
a. In a monarchy the country's
Women's
citizens are allowed to elect whomever struggle to vote
they want. got strengthened
b. In a democracy a king has during the First World
absolute powers to rule the country. War. This movement is called the
c. In a monarchy people can raise women's suffrage movement as
questions about the decisions the the term suffrage usually means
monarch takes. right to vote.
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What is Government? / 33
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34 / Social and Political Life
Look at the maps on Pages 29 and 30. They show the States, Union Territories
and Districts of India. Find out the following information from these maps and
various other resources.
l Names of the neighbours of India
l Names of your State or Union Territory and its neighbours
l Names of your District and its neighbours
l Routes from your District to the National Capital
QUESTIONS
1. What do you understand by the word 'government'? List five ways in which you
think the government affects your daily life.
2. Why do you think the government needs to make rules for everyone in the form
of laws?
3. Name two essential features of a democratic government.
4. What was the suffrage movement? What did it accomplish?
5. Gandhiji strongly believed that every adult in India should be given the right to
vote. However, a few people don't share his views. They feel that illiterate
people, who are mainly poor, should not be given the right to vote. What do you
think? Do you think this would be a form of discrimination? Give five points
to support your view and share these with the class.
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