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Systems Operation
325C Material Handler Hydraulic System
Media Number -RENR5494-00 Publication Date -01/01/2003 Date Updated -13/01/2003

i01849272

Main Hydraulic System

SMCS - 5050; 5051; 5069; 5117; 5472

Main Hydraulic Schematic

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Illustration 1 g00941937

(1) Stick lowering control valves

(2) Stick cylinders

(3) Swing motor

(4) Pressure switch (grapple cylinders)

(5) Solenoid valve (grapple control)

(6) Left travel motor

(7) Right travel motor

(8) Grapple cylinders

(9) Boom cylinders

(10) Boom lowering control valve

(11) Grapple rotator

(12) Crossover relief valve (grapple)

(13) Pilot control valve (travel)

(14) Pressure switch (left travel)

(15) Pressure switch (right travel)

(16) Generator priority valve

(17) Generator motor

(18) Main control valve

(19) Control valve (grapple rotate)

(20) Main relief valve

(21) Proportional reducing valve (negative flow control)

(22) Auxiliary pump (generator)

(23) Auxiliary pump (grapple)

(24) Accumulator

(25) Pilot oil manifold

(26) Pressure reducing valve (boom and swing priority)

(27) Gear pump (fan motor)

(28) Travel speed solenoid valve

(29) Swing parking brake solenoid valve

(30) Valve

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(31) Solenoid valve (hydraulic activation)

(32) Proportional reducing valve (power shift pressure)

(33) Pilot pump

(34) Left pump

(35) Pressure sensor (left pump)

(36) Right pump

(37) Pressure sensor (right pump)

(38) Pilot control valve (swing and stick)

(39) Pilot control valve (boom and grapple)

(40) Pressure switch (implement and swing)

(41) Relief valve (fan pump)

(42) Slow return check valve

(43) Bypass check valve

(44) Return filter

(45) Oil cooler

(46) Fan motor (hydraulic oil cooler)

(47) Hydraulic tank

(48) Case drain filter

(49) Pilot relief valve

(50) Pilot filter

Hydraulic Pump Flow and Pressure Control System

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Illustration 2 g00952424

Pump compartment

(22) Auxiliary pump (generator)

(23) Auxiliary pump (grapple)

(27) Fan pump

(32) Proportional reducing valve (power shift pressure)

(33) Pilot pump

(34) Left pump

(36) Right pump

(51) Delivery line (right pump)

(52) Delivery line (left pump)

This machine is driven and controlled by the following systems.

• The main hydraulic system controls the cylinders, the travel motors and the swing motor.

• The pilot hydraulic system supplies oil to the main pumps, the main control valve, the swing
brake and the travel motors.

• The electronic control system controls the outputs of the engine and pump.

• The hydraulic oil cooling system provides oil to the fan motor in order to cool the hydraulic oil.

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The main hydraulic system delivers oil flow from right pump (36) and left pump (34) in order to
control the following components: grapple cylinders (8), stick cylinders (2), boom cylinders (9), right
travel motor (7), left travel motor (6) and swing motor (3).

Illustration 3 g00942920

Main control valve

(20) Main relief valve

(53) Right control valve body

(54) Left control valve body

Right pump (36) and left pump (34) are variable displacement piston pumps. The performance of both
pumps is equal.

Right pump (36) is directly connected to the engine by a flexible coupling. The right pump delivers
oil to the right control valve body (53) of the main control valve. Left pump (34) is mechanically
connected to the right pump through gears. The left pump delivers oil to the left control valve body
(54) of the main control valve. Gear type pilot pump (33) supplies oil to the pilot hydraulic system.
Fan pump (27) supplies oil to the oil cooling system. Gear type pilot pump (33) and fan pump (27) are
directly connected to right pump (36) by a coupling. All engine output is used to drive these three
pumps.

As the load pressure increases during working conditions, the main pumps increase the delivery
pressure and the pumps decrease the flow rate. The hydraulic horsepower remains constant even
though the delivery pressure and the flow rates change. The hydraulic horsepower is approximately
identical to the engine horsepower.

When no work is being performed, pump oil flows through main control valve (18) and into hydraulic
tank (47). The main control valve sends a negative flow control signal to each main pump regulator in
order to destroke the pump to the minimum output flow.

If an operation is being performed, main control valve (18) directs pump oil to the respective
cylinders (boom, stick, and grapple) and/or motors (swing and travel). Main control valve (18)

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contains numerous valve stems, passages, check valves, and orifices in order to carry out a single
operation or a combined operation. The working pressure of the main hydraulic system is regulated by
main relief valve (20).

Illustration 4 g00942921

Cab

(55) Monitor panel

(56) Joystick (stick and swing)

(57) Joystick (boom)

(58) Left travel lever/pedal

(59) Right travel lever/pedal

(60) Engine speed dial

The pilot hydraulic system receives oil flow from pilot pump (33). The pilot hydraulic system controls
the following functions.

1. The pilot hydraulic system controls the operation of the implement control valves.

Pilot oil flows from pilot pump (33) through pilot manifold (25). The pilot oil then flows to the
pilot control valves for machine operation (implement operations, swing operations and travel
operation). These pilot control valves are activated by the joysticks and the travel levers/pedals.

When joystick (56), joystick (57), left travel lever/pedal (58) and/or right travel lever/pedal (59)
are moved from the NEUTRAL position, the pilot oil flows through the pilot control valves to
the corresponding spools at main control valve (18) .

The pilot pressure oil at that end of the valve spool forces the valve spool to shift. The pilot oil
on the other end of the valve spool drains to the hydraulic tank. When the valve spool shifts, oil
is then delivered from right pump (36) or left pump (34) to the cylinders and motors.

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Thus, pilot oil drives each system of the main control valve.

2. The pilot hydraulic system controls the output flow of the main pumps.

During machine operation, pilot pressure is sent to the main pump regulators as a signal
pressure. This signal pressure is called power shift pressure. The engine and pump controller
receives input signals from various components on the machine. The engine and pump
controller processes the input signals. The engine and pump controller then sends an electrical
signal to proportional reducing valve (32) at the right pump regulator in order to regulate the
power shift pressure. The power shift pressure controls the output flow of right pump (36) and
left pump (34). Power shift pressure adjusts the output flow of the main pumps in accordance
with the engine speed. For more information concerning power shift pressure, refer to Systems
Operation, "Pilot Hydraulic System".

3. The pilot hydraulic system generates signal pressure in order to perform the following
operations.

a. Pilot signal pressure activates the Automatic Engine Speed Control (AEC) system. This
causes functions to automatically reduce the engine speed when no hydraulic operation is
called for.

b. Pilot signal pressure releases the swing parking brake.

c. Pilot signal pressure will automatically change the travel speed to either HIGH or LOW
in accordance with the hydraulic system load.

d. Pilot signal pressure operates the straight travel control valve. This maintains straight
travel during the operation of an implement.

e. Pilot signal pressure controls the operation of the valves that can be used during a loading
operation or a trenching operation.

For more information concerning the pilot hydraulic system, refer to Systems Operation, "Pilot
Hydraulic System".

Copyright 1993 - 2021 Caterpillar Inc. Mon May 3 22:38:31 UTC+0100 2021 
All Rights Reserved.
Private Network For SIS Licensees.

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