Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MBA 2020 Basics
MBA 2020 Basics
BASICS
Analytics, Data Analytics, Business Analytics
• Scales of Measurement
• Types of Data
- Qualitative and Quantitative Data
- Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data
- Primary and Secondary Data
- Sample and Population Data
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
• Scales of Measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
• Descriptive Statistics
• Inferential Statistics
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Descriptive Statistics
- Qualitative
- Quantitative
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Graphical, Tabular, Numeric representation of Data
Qualitative Data
Frequency Distribution
Relative Frequency Distribution
Cross-tabulation
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Graphical, Tabular, Numeric representation of Data
Quantitative Data
Frequency Distribution
Relative Frequency Distribution
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Stem and Leaf Display
Cross-tabulation
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Numeric Representation
Measures of Variability:
Range
Inter-quartile Range
Standard Deviation
Variance
Coefficient of Variation
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Qualitative Data: Bar Graph
Colour Preference
16
14
12
10
BASICS
Qualitative Data: Pie Chart
Colour Preference
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Qualitative Data: Frequency Distribution
Colour Frequency
Blue 10
Red 14
Green 6
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Qualitative Data: Relative Frequency Distribution
Blue 10 0.3333
Red 14 0.4667
Green 6 0.2
Total 30 1
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Qualitative Data: Cross-Tabulation
SATISFACTION
NO YES
S/W Engineer 6 4
JOB Bank Cashier 3 3
Carpenter 4 10
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Frequency Distribution
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Relative Frequency Distribution
42 to 50 3 0.1 (<50): 1
Total = 30 Total = 1
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Histogram
Frequency
12
10
0
Less than 10 10 to 18 18 to 26 26 to 34 34 to 42 42 to 50
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Ogive
Cumulative Frequency
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Less than 10 Less than 18 Less than 26 Less than 34 Less than 42 Less than 50
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Numeric Summary
Measures of Variability:
Range, IQR, Standard Deviation (S.D), Variance, Coefficient of variation
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Location OR Central Tendency
Quartiles/Percentiles:
i = (p/100)*n
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Location OR Central Tendency
Now since i is an integer, Q2 is the mean of observations in the ith and (i+1) th
position (when the data is arranged in ascending order).
i.e. Q2 = (27+31)/2
Thus Q2 or Median is 29
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
Here Q1 = ? and Q3 = ?
Thus IQR = ?
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
Population Variance: ( x − ) 2
2 = i
N
=?
Population S.D = σ = ?
2 ( xi − x )
2
Sample Variance: s =
n −1
=?
Sample S.D = s = ?
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
( x − ) 2
Population Variance: 2 = i
N
= 93.85,
(Numerator, Sum of Squared Difference from Mean: ∑(Xi - µ)2 = 2815.5)
2 ( xi − x )
2
Sample Variance: s =
n −1
= 97.09,
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
BASICS
Quantitative Data: Measures of Variability
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
Quantitative Data:
Cross-tabulation (Tabular)
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables Marks Scored
25
Quantitative Data:
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS S. No.
1
Marks Scored
9
Hours Spend on Social Media
8
2 10 8
3 11 7
Relationship Between Variables
4 11 6
5 17 6
Quantitative Data: 6 19 7
7 19 2
8 20 5
Cross-tabulation 9 22 5
10 25 4
11 26 5
12 26 6
13 27 4
14 28 2.5
15 29 4
16 31 2.5
17 32 2.5
18 32 2
19 33 2
20 33 2
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
Quantitative Data:
Hours on Social Media
Cross-tabulation
0 to 3 3 to 6 6 to 9
0 to 12 0 0 4
Marks Scored 12 to 24 1 2 2
24 to 36 6 4 1
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
Quantitative Data:
( xi − x )( yi − y )
Sample: sxy =
n −1
( xi − x )( yi − y )
Population:
xy =
N
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
Quantitative Data:
Drawback of Covariance
Correlation - Degree of linear association
sxy
Sample: rxy =
sx s y
Population: xy
xy =
x y
Vishal Mishra (IBS, Hyderabad)
BASICS
Relationship Between Variables
Quantitative Data:
Correlation - Degree of linear association
Population Variance of X = 18.01; Sample Variance = 20.01
Population Variance of Y = 29.89 ; Sample Variance = 33.21
sxy
rxy =
Sample: sx s y
xy
Population: xy =
x y