KINETIC STUDIES IN BATCH REACTOR-I

(EQUIMOLAR)

Ex. No: Date :

OBJECTIVE:
To verify the order of reaction for the reaction and hence to determine the rate constant for the
reaction between equimolar quantities of NaOH and ethyl acetate in a batch reactor.

THEORY:
The batch reactor is simple, needs little supporting equipment, and is therefore ideal for
small scale experimental studies on reaction kinetics. Industrially, it is used when relatively
small amounts of material are to be treated. In the batch reactor the reactants are initially charged
into a container, well mixed and left to react for a certain period. The resultant mixture is then
discharged. This is an unsteady-state operation where composition changes with time. However
at any instant the composition throughout the reactor is uniform.
The general mole balance equation for any reactor is given by,

𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
= 𝐹𝐴0 − 𝐹𝐴 + ∫ 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 … … (1)
𝑑𝑡 0

Where
FAO= molar flow rate of component j in the stream entering the reactor.
FA = molar flow rate of component j in the stream leaving the reactor.
rA= molar rate of generation of component j by chemical reaction per unit Volume.
NA= Number of moles of component j inside the reactor.
A batch reactor has neither inflow nor outflow of reactants or products while reaction is
being carried out FAO=FA=0. The resulting general mole balance equation is,
𝑉
𝑑𝑁𝐴
= ∫ 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 … … (2)
𝑑𝑡 0

If the reaction mixture is perfectly mixed, so that there is no variation in the rate of reaction
throughout the reactor volume, we can take rA out of the integral and write the mole balance in
the form
𝑑𝑁𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 … … . (3)
𝑑𝑡
For a reacting mixture consisting of components A and B, the mole balance equation for
component A is,
𝑑𝑁𝐴
= 𝑟𝐴 𝑉 … … . (4)
𝑑𝑡

For equimolar quantities of component A and B, and if the reaction is second order with respect
to both components A and B, the reaction rate is given by,
−𝑟𝐴 = 𝐾𝐶𝐴2 … … … (5)
Combining the mole balance equation and the rate equation and integrating, we get
1 1 1
𝑡= [ − ] … . . (6)
𝐾 𝐶𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝐴

Expressing equation 6 in terms of initial concentration C AO and conversion XA, we get

𝑋𝐴
𝑡= ⁄𝐾𝐶 (1 − 𝑋 ) … … … (7)
𝐴𝑂 𝐴

REACTION:
The stoichiometric equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate is
given by,
CH3 COOC2 H5 + NaOH → CH3 COONa + C2 H5 OH

PROCEDURE:
1. The solution of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and ethyl acetate of
required strength are prepared.
2. Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solutions are standardized.
3. 1000 ml of sodium hydroxide is taken in the batch reactor. 1000 ml of ethyl acetate are
taken in a beaker.
4. Ethyl acetate solution is added to NaOH.
5. At the end of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 minutes, 20 ml of reaction mixture is
pipetted into the conical flask which contain 20 ml of HCl and hence the saponification
reaction is arrested.
6. The flasks are shaken and titrated against NaOH for the unconsumed HCl.
 STANDARDISATION OF NaOH, NaOH vs. Oxalic acid (CH3COOCH2CH3)
S. No Burette reading (ml) Volume of NaOH Concordant value (ml)
(ml)
Initial Final
1
2
3
Take NaOH in the burette.
Pipette out 10 ml (V1) Oxalic acid into 100 ml conical flask.
Volume of Oxalic acid V1 =
Normality of Oxalic acid N1 =
Volume of NaOH V2 =
Normality of NaOH N2 = (V1 ×N1)/V2 =

STANDARDISATION OF HCl, HCl vs. NaOH

S. No Burette reading (ml) Volume of NaOH Concordant value (ml)
(ml)
Initial Final
1
2

Volume of NaOH V1 =
Normality of NaOH N1 =
Volume of HCl V2 =
Normality of HCl N2 = (V1× N1)/V2 =

TABULATION:
Vol. of HCl
Titre Vol. of HCl
Time used for
S. Value not used for CA XA XA / (1-XA)
‘t’ arresting ‘V6’
No. ‘V5’ arresting ‘V4’
V6 = Vo-V4
min ml ml ml mol/lit -- --

7
MODEL CALCULATION:
Normality of Sodium Hydroxide, N2 =
Normality of Hydrochloric Acid, N3=
Hydrochloric acid added to arrest the reaction, Vo =

Volume of Hydrochloric Acid not used for arresting , V4 = V5 x N2/ N3 =

where‘V5’ is the Titre value (i.e. volume of Sodium Hydroxide of Normality N2).

Volume of Hydrochloric acid consumed in arresting NaOH = V6 = Vo-V4 = =

Moles of HCl used consumed in arresting NaOH = Moles of Unreacted NaOH

= N3 x (Vo-V4) =N3 xV6 = =

Initial conc. of NaOH, CAo = Initial moles of NaOH

Vol. of Total Reaction Mixture

= N2 x Volume of NaOH (1000 ml)

Volume of Total Reaction Mixture (2000 ml)

Concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture after time t,

CA = Moles of unreacted NaOH = N3 x V6

20 ml 20 ml

CA= =

CA
Conversion, XA = 1 - CA0 =

GRAPH:
XA/ (1-XA) vs t. The slope of the line is equal to KC AO from which the value of the
reaction rate constant (K) can be determined.
KCAo =
K=

RESULT:
The reaction between equimolar quantities of NaOH and ethyl acetate is carried out and
the results are given as follows.
1. The order of the reaction, n =
2. The rate constant (K) =
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:
CONCLUSIONS:
SUGGESTIONS:
REFERENCES: