Sedimentary Petroleum Geology Test

Instructions: Answer all questions

Time: 1hr: 30m
Section A: MCQ. 14Mrks
01. Sediments accumulated under anoxic environments are characterized by ____________.
a. Significant bioturbation.
b. Low content of organic matter.
c. Lack of bioturbation.
d. Abundant fossils of benthic organisms.
e. High friability.

02. Kerogen type formed through the transformation of organic matter from the higher plants.
a. Sapropelic.
b. Liptinic.
c. Ligninic.
d. Cellulosic.
e. Humic.

03. Most of the methane in the Earth’s crust originated through ____________.
a. Various processes happening in the mantle.
b. Bacterial degradation of organic matter.
c. Metamorphic processes.
d. Organic matter decay at the bottom of a sedimentary basin.
e. Thermal maturation of organic matter in subsurface environments.

04. The molecular structure of the gas hydrates is known as __________.

a. Matrix.
b. Lattice.
c. Crystal network.
d. Crystalline network.
e. Answers c and d.

05. Oil and gas in the subsurface conditions can result from the maturation of this macromolecular
complex with polymer-like structure.
a. Cycloalkanes.
b. Kerogen.
c. Aromatics.
d. Naphthenes.
e. Alkanes.

06. Natural gas with relatively high content of hydrogen sulfide is known as __________.
a. Sour gas.
b. Wet gas.
c. Sweet gas.
d. Dry gas.
e. Inert gas.
07. The pressure and temperature conditions are closer to the normal conditions in this phase of organic
matter evolution during burial.
a. Diagenesis.
b. Catagenesis.
c. Metagenesis.
d. Metamorphism.
e. Partial melting.
08. Basin setting characterized by well-defined water stratification, which is known only from the
geological record and therefore, has no equivalents in the modern sedimentary environments.
a. Upwelling setting.
b. Freshwater lake setting.
c. Anoxic ocean event.
d. Barred basin setting.
e. Euxinic basin.

09. Hydrocarbon migration between two reservoir rocks in subsurface environments is known as
a. Primary migration.
b. Pressure-driven migration.
c. Does not have a specific name.
d. Secondary migration.
e. Such migration of the hydrocarbons in the subsurface is not possible.

10. Which of the following substances is not a major component in the crude oil composition?
a. Paraffins.
b. Ketones.
c. Alkanes.
d. Cycloalkanes.
e. Aromatics.

11. The pressure above the hydrostatic pressure in a well is known as ___________.
a. Pressure gradient.
b. Measured pressure.
c. Dynamic pressure.
d. Lithologic pressure.
e. Overpressure.

12. The second in frequency element in the oil composition.

a. Sulphur.
b. Hydrogen.
c. Phosphorus.
d. Oxygen.
e. Nitrogen.

13. The highest oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio is known in this kind of kerogen.
a. Liptinic.
b. Sapropelic.
c. Liptinic and sapropelic.
d. Humic.
e. All the three types of kerogen present approximately the same O/C ratio (0.1-0.2).

14. Temperature value, at which all the hydrocarbons are completely expelled from the source rock.
a. 60oC.
b. 120oC.
c. 150oC.
d. 200oC.
e. 225oC

Section B: Structural. 16 marks

1. What is Petroleum geology?

2. Petroleum geology is principally concerned with the evaluation of 7 Key elements in sedimentary
basins. What are they?

3. When the abundant organisms die" where do their tiny remains settle?

4. What does the organic material mix with on the bottom?

5. Where does crude oil and natural gas occur?

6. What condition must a rock have so that it is porous?

7. What characteristics must a suitable reservoir rock have?

 8. Why must reservoir rocks be porous?

9. What is permeability?

10. What shape does a hydrocarbon reservoir have and what does it prevent?

11. What are the two types of reservoir shapes that geologists classify?

12. What is an anticline?

13. What is seismology?

14. What is a wildcat well?

15. What is an exploration well?

16. What is confirmation well?

Great Men were not born great!!!

Good Luck.