WEEK SCHEME OF WORK FOR SECOND TERM

1. Legitimate trade: meaning, origin, Nature and Importance of the trade.

Effects of the trade/British Contact and conquest of Nigeria.
The Royal Niger Company/Indirect Rule in Nigeria.
2.
Direct Rule , The Scramble and Partition of Africa.
3. The Berlin Conference and Treaty and its Consequences
Colonialism: Meaning and Colonial Conquest of major towns in Nigerian.
4.
Colonial Administration of Northern Protectorate and that of the southern protectorate
5.
Colonial Administration of Lagos Colony (b) Colonial Administration of the Oil Rivers
6. Protectorate
Continuation of week 8
Revision
7.
Examination.

8.

9.

10.

11.
WEEK SCHEME OF WORK FOR SECOND TERM
1. Legitimate trade: meaning, origin, Nature and Importance of the trade.
Effects of the trade/British Contact and conquest of Nigeria.
The Royal Niger Company/Indirect Rule in Nigeria.
2.
Direct Rule, The Scramble and Partition of Africa
3. The Berlin Conference and Treaty and its Consequences
Colonialism: Meaning and Colonial Conquest of major towns in Nigerian.
4.
Colonial Administration of Northern Protectorate and that of the southern protectorate
5.
Colonial Administration of Lagos Colony (b) Colonial Administration of the Oil Rivers
6. Protectorate
Continuation of week 8
Revision
7.
Examination.

8.

9.

10.

11.

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK ONE ENDING

1. Legitimate trade: meaning, Origin, nature
and Importance of Legitimate trade

STEP I: Meaning of Legitimate trade

The term Legitimate trade refers to the trade in commodities between Africans and the
European merchants Immediately after the abolition of the slave trade. In other Words, It was the
trade principally in agricultural products, Such as Palm oil and groundnuts during the 19 th
century after the end of the Slave trade.
It was a trade where farm produce like Palm oil, peanut, groundnut, cotton etc were exported to
Britain (UK) and Europe in Exchange For European goods.
Why it was called legitimate trade
 It was legally acceptable to both Africans and Europeans.
 It had replaced slave trade
 Was beneficial to both sides
 African Societies and rules participated willingly.

Step II: ORIGIN OF THE TRADE

CONTENT
With the Abolition of the Slave trade in 1787, the foundation for legitimate trade was laid, this
was because it became a point of emphasis among the abolitionist.
The Abolitionist Movement promotes the Ides of Legitimate trade to Africans to encourage them
ro abandon the hunt for slaves and take up commercial farming to meet the industrial needs
Europe; the legitimate end of the slave trade.
Trade started immediately after abolition of save trade.
Step3 : Nature and importance of the trade.
CONTENT
European traders after the abolition of the slave trade turned their attention to the trade in palm
produce and other commodities.
This was prominent in the coastal areas of Nigeria.
European merchants established factories on the river along the coast. E.g melder, miller
Brothers. Thomas Harrison. Stewart and Douglas among others.
The forms bought and exported palm produce and other commodities and imported
manufactured European goods for sale to local people. Manila was the major currency used in
the transaction

IMPORTANCE OF LEGITIMATE TRADE

 The trade made African countries to became centers of economic activities.

 The trade made African economy to be integrated into the world economic system
through trade relative between African producers and European manufacturers.
 The trade helped to reduce the hostilities and wars among Africans during the slave trade.
 It led to the emergence of big trading cities across West Africa. E.g. Onitsha etc.
 It also led to a new era of demand for African labour on the continent.
 LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK TWO

CONTENT
The effects of legitimate trade on African societies were in different ways. They were both
positive and negative effects.
Positive effects;
 It open ed up the African continent to international trade
 It led to the expansion of literacy among former slaves and black
Africans.
 It led to the massive production of those farm produce by African
farmers.
 It removed some tariffs, border restrictions and economic
hindrances to facilitate the growth of trades.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS WERE:

 It also increases domestic slavery in many parts of Africa
 There was a great decline in the labour force and indigenous industries across Africa.
 There were also cases of welfare among Africans competing to control the trade and sources.
 It also led to the isolation of peasant farmers from trade and commerce.
 Local chiefs and warlords laid the foundation for the penetration of Europeans into the
continent and start the process of colonialization.
 It also destabilized indigenous African state author

Step 2: Britain Contacts with Nigeria

CONTENT

We can consider British contact with Nigeria from three angles: -

1) The Explorers
2) Christian missionaries
3) The European traders

The Explorers: Britain started exploring Nigeria in 1788 following the formation of the African
Association in Britain. They started to explore the area around River Niger. This was started by
mungo park a Scottish doctor and explorer around 1805. Other explorers like major Dixion
Denham, Dr Walter Oudney, Hugh Capperton also came to explore Nigeria.

CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES: From 1840s Missionaries from Britain, Scotland, Canada

USA started, frequenting Nigeria with a mission to liberate the people of African (Nigeria) from
the effects of Slave trade and to convert them to Christianity. Some of these missionaries Include
many lessor, Birch freeman, Henry Town send and Ajayi Crowther.
CONTACT OF TRADERS: Soon after the successful exploration of Niger River by Richard
Lander European traders like James Mac-Gregor Laird a set up a means of trade within west
Africa by 1879, Traders came on board. By 1879, Taubman Goldie Formed a Company Called
the United African Company (RNC).
STEP III: BRITISH CONQUEST OF NIGERIAN
CONTENT.
There were two major ways Britain Converged Nigerian territories:
1. Signing of Treaties
2. Waging of war.
SIGNING TREATIES: Treaty simply mean agreement some traditional rulers in Nigerian
communities signed peace agreement of treaty allowing the British to operate in their areas in
exchange for protection by the British army.
The First of such treaty was signed by Calabar when the obong of Calabar subjected his throne to
the queen of England around 1884. Other towns with such treaties, Include; Borgo, katsina
It is Important to note that British misled the Local rulers into Singing “Protective treaties”,
which in reality were for surrendering their powers to the British. Oba Akin Toye Signed such
treaty in 1861 which led to the annexation of Lagos as a colony.
Waging of war: Some Communities that restricted British dominance were attacked by British
troop and their traditional rules were either killed, disused exiled or forced to sign a documents
that turn them to British Subjects E.g. Benin, Sokoto, Kano, Bauchi Warri, Aru-Chukwu and
Brass.
CONTENT.
The Royal Niger Company.
The Royal Niger company was established in 1879 as a trading company by the British
government with the interest in the Niger Area.
George Taubman Goldie with the other British merchants. It was first called United African
Company 1886. The company dominated trade in the southern protectorate stopping competition
from France Germany etc. it later extended it trading activities to the southern protectorate.
By January 1900, Royal Niger Company transfer the territories controlled by her to the British
government for a total sum of 865,000 to commenced full colonization of Nigeria territory.

Indirect Rule.
Indirect rule refers to the method of governing societies through the use of traditional institutions
and personnel. It was first introduced by Fredrick Lord Lugard in northern protectorate before
trying it in the southern part of Nigeria.
Reason for Indirect Rule.
 High cost of European officials Salaries.
 Lack of sufficient resources.
 Shortage of man power etc.
Direct Rule: This was a system where British directly administered the people without having to
use an intermediary to reach the people they were ruling over. Lagos colony and its environment
was administered using direct rule system some towns in pre-colonial state that resisted British
dominance such as Benin and Delta Provenience were administered using direct rule system.

LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK THREE ENDING.

NTENT.
The Royal Niger company was established in 1879 as a trading company by the British
government with the interest in the Niger Area.
George Tubman Goldie with the other British merchants. It was first called United African
Company 1886. The company dominated trade in the southern protectorate stopping competition
from France Germany etc. it later extended by January 1900, royal Niger company transfer
government for a total sum of 865,000 commenced full colonization of Nigeria territory.
Step II: Indirect Rule.

CONTENT
Indirect rule refers to the method of governing societies through the use of traditional institutions
and personnel. It was first introduced by Fredric Lord Lugard in northern protectorate
protectorate before trying it in the southern part of Nigeria.
Reason for Indirect Rule.
 High cost of European officials Salaries.
 Lack of sufficient resources.
 Shortage of man power

Direct Rule: This was a system where British directly administered the people without having to
use an intermediary to reach the people they were ruling over Lagos colony and its environment
was administered using direct rule system some towns in pre-colonial state that resisted British
dominance such as Benin and Delta Provenience were administered using direct rule system.
LESSON PLAN FOR WEEK FOUR ENDING.

CONTENT.
The Scramble and partition of Africa refers to the Invasion, Occupation, Division,
Colonialization and annexation of African territory by European Powers in the Period between
1881 and 1914.
It refers to the period in history where European Countries Such as Britain, Germany France,
Portugal etc., decided to Partition or share African territories among themselves for
Colonialization, economic exploitation among others.
REASONS FOR THE SCRAMBLE AND PARTITION OF AFRICA
 Colonialization.
 Economic exploitation (human and material reassures)
 Religious and Cultural Influence
 The Great Depression in Europe.
 The Industrial Revelation

COUNTRIES THE PARTICIPATED IN THE SCRAMBLE AND PARTITIONING OF

AFRICA WERE;
 Britain
 France
 Germany
 Portugal
 Belgium
 Italy
 Spain etc.

STEPII: The Berlin Conference and Treaty

CONTENT

In 1884 Otto Edward Leopold Prince of Bismarch popularly Known as Otto Von Bismarch,
Convened the Berlin Conference to discuss African Problem.
At this time, there was an Intense Struggle and rivalry among European Countries. The
conference was called to chart a way forward and for a treaty to be Signed by participating
countries to regulate their colonialization activities on the continent of African.
Some of the agreements of the Conference Include:
 The resolution for the abolition of Slave trade
 African territories should be shared among interested European Countries.
 It gave legal right to each European Country to Legally Colonialize and Claim Ownership of
their territories.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE BERLIN TREATY.

The Berlin Treaty of 1884-85 had many Consequences on African Countries. Some of these
Consequences Include
 Loss of Sovereignty
 Loss of legitimacy by the Local Rulers.
 Integration Independence.
 Arbitrary Curving of borders;
 Entrenchment of Colonialism
 Change in Value System
 The emergence of a new class of African elites.
It is Important to note that Britain took nearly 30% of Africa’s Population, France 15% Portugal
11%, Germany 9% Belgium 7% and Italy 1%.
LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK 5.

Topic : Meaning of Colonialism/Colonial Conquest of major towns in Nigeria.

Content :
Colonialism is a system or practice whereby one powerful country conquers a weak country and
establishes it's authority over the people of the conquered country. The weak country becomes a
colony.
It is the policy of acquiring full or partial political control over another country,
occupying and exploiting it economically. It is an unequal relationship between the colonial
power and the colony.
Reasons for Colonialism.
1.The desire for territorial expansion.
2.Economic Exploitation.
3.Political Prestige.
4.Religious Propagation.
5.Historical Factors etc.
The period of colonialism was from the 16th century to the mid 20th century.
Step 2:Colonial Conquest of Nigeria:
Content :
The British conquest of Nigeria took the form of wars & Signing of treaties. Some towns and
cities were conquered by war by the British military, others were taken over by Signed treaties
with indigenous rulers.
Some of the major towns taken over by British rule through wars and treaties include:
-Lagos
-Ijebu-ode
-Ijebu-igbo
-Ibadan
-Oyo
-Benin City
-Kano
-Calabar
-Sokoto
-Onitsha etc.
Lagos was annexed as a Crown Colony through the Lagos Treaty in 1961,Benin City was
conquered in 1897 and the King of Benin was sent into exile in Calabar.
In Northern Nigeria, most of the major towns were captured in 1903 through the use
of force. Cities like Bida, Kontagora and Bauchi were captured in quick succession under the
command of Colonel Morland. By 1903,Other cities like Kano, Sokoto & Zaria.Kano was
captured under Emir Aliyu and Emir Muhammad Abbas was installed by the British.
The The Seat of the Sokoto Caliphate was resisted by Sultan Muhammadu Attahiru.
On March 13 1903,the Caliphate surrendered to the British at the grand marke square of Sokoto.
The British had challenges conquering Igboland, which lacked Central Political
Organization. But through the Anglo-Aro war of 1901-1902,major towns and other areas such as
Aba & Umahia were captured and by 1904 and 1905 Abakiliki were captured by the British.

LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK 6.

Topic :Colonial Administration of Northern and Southern Protectorates.

Content :
Sir Lord Lugard was appointed the High Commissioner of the protectorate of Northern Nigeria
in 1900 at Lokoja.
He embarked on establishing an effective colonial administration in the North. He
adopted the indirect rule system of administration. He adopted indirect rule because of the
following reasons :
-Inadequate Manpower.
-Inadequate Finance
_Transport and Communication Barrier.
He adopted the indirect rule system due to the highly developed central political system
in the North especially in the Sokoto Caliphate under the effective leadership of Sultan and
Emirs.
By 1905 most part of Northern Nigeria such as Zaria, Kano,Part of Tivland and
Borno were under the effective rule of the British.
He divided the entire Northern Protectorates into provinces and appointed a Resident
Administrator for each province. Each province was divided into divisions and each division was
under the District Officers who supervises the Emirs.
The District Officer was answerable to the resident, the resident is responsible to the High
Commissioner Lord Lugard.
Under the Colonial system, the Emirs are now answerable to the British District Officers.
The Emirs Collected Taxes and the Taxes were shared between the colonial government and the
Native Authority.
 It is important to note that indirect rule was difficult to enforce in the Non-muslim areas like
Tiv, Idoma etc. Not until 1937 when a Native Authority was formed based on a council of Elders
to enforce indirect rule. Chiefs were appointed in such areas ,e. g Tivland and Ebiraland. They
were imposed by the Colonial Administration.
Step 2:Colonial Administration of Southern Protectorate.
Content :
The Southern Protectorate was established in 1900 It was administered by a High
Commissioner Ralph Moor .in 1906,the lagos colony was joined with the the Southern
Protectorate.At the time the High Commissioner was Walter Egerton.
The Southern Protectorate was divided into three provinces, western province, central
province and eastern province. Each of the province were administered by a High Commissioner.
Lagos remained the capital of the western province while Warri was the capital of central
province and Calabar was the capital of the east. These provinces were further divided into nine.
Each was under the resident officer.
In the Eastern provinces, Warrant Chiefs were appointed by the British to enforce indirect
rule system. They were new men without correction with traditional political system. They were
mere employees of the colonial government. There were riots against the imposition of Warrant
Chiefs in Eastern Province. Most prominant was the Aba Women Riot of 1929-1930.
In Yorubaland ,the British introduced the Emirate type of indirect rule in 1914 .Native
Authority and Native Courts were established especially in Oyo under the control of the
Alaafin .They were also revolts against the indirect rule in many parts of Yorubaland eg Iseyin
Rebellion in 1916 in Abeokuta and other parts of Egbaland.
In Benin and Delta areas, the indirect rule was also introduced.
In Urhobo and Kwale Warrant Chiefs were imposed on the people. This led to riots in
various parts of Delta areas. There was anti-tax riots in warri between 1927-1928
Through out Southern Nigeria, there were agitations by the educated elites who were
excluded from the Native administration system of the Colonial government. This led to the
formation of political party pressure groups and newspapers to demand for inclusion in
government.
The structure of the Colonial Administration is given below.
Governor
High Commissioners
Commissioners
Resident Officers
District Officers
Assistant District Officers
Native Authorities
Colonial Administration Staff.
.
LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK SEVEN.
Topic :Colonial Administration of the Oil River Protectorate.
Content :
The Oil River Protectorate was named by the British traders referring to the abundance of Oil
Palm which was the most profitable and important trading commodity in the region during the
early 19th century.
The Protectorate was established by the National African Company in 1884. By 1885 the Oil
River area was claimed as British Territory.The territory of the Protectorate included the Niger
Delta.In 1891, it was renamed the Oil River Constabulary.
By 1887, Johnson the Aeting Consul, directed King Jaja of Opobo to allow Europeans farms and
Traders access to the hunterland markets .Jaja Refused to cooperate with Johnson. He was
arrested and Exiled in Accra.
By 1891, major Claude Mac Donald was appointed as the Commissioners and Consul General.
The Royal Niger Company replaced the National African Company and by 1885 the
administrative center was located at Bonny.