Military Institute of Science and Technology

Ship Design and Drawing – II

NAME 208

Topic:

Scantling Calculation of a Ship

Submitted by:

A. K. M. Samiu Haque Barnil

ID : 201824017
NAME 06
 Abstract

In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing

(apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form a hull. Ship
structural scantlings are a contract design level task. They form the general plan for
the material thicknesses and section profiles on a vessel.
The scantlings are based on rule books calculations. The classification society has a
published set of rules. The naval architect will use those rules to design the vessel
structure. The rule book followed here is ‘Germanischer Lloyd’.
 Index

Page No.
01. Principle Particulars 01
02. Bottom Shell Plating 02-04
03. Flat Keel Plating 04
04. Bilge Plating 05
05. Side Shell Plating 05-06
06. Shear Strake 06
07. Dimension of Mainframe 07-08
08. Dimension of Web Frame 09
09. Dimension of Side Stringer 09
10. Dimension of Deck Beam 09-10
11. Dimension of Deck Girder 11
12. Dimension of Deck Web 11
13. Thickness of Deck Plate 11-12
14. Dimension of Longitudinals 13-14
15. Center Girder 15
16. Report Summary 16
 Principle Particulars

LOA (m)
LBP (m) 185
Breadth (m) 26
Depth (m) 14.8
Draft (m) 12
Speed (knot) 8
Cb 0.75

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1. Bottom Shell Plating: [Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – B.1; Page (6 - 2)]

The thickness tB of the bottom shell plating is not to be less than determined
by the following formulae:
For ships without proven longitudinal strength:

𝑡𝐵 = max[𝑡𝐵1 ; 𝑡𝐵2 ] within 0.1 L forward of the aft end of the length
L and within 0.05 L aft of F.P.

𝑡𝐵1 = 1.9 × 𝑛𝑓 × 𝑎 × √𝑝𝐵 × 𝑘 + 𝑡𝑘 [𝑚𝑚]

𝑡𝐵2 = 1.21 × 𝑎 × √𝑝𝐵 × 𝑘 + 𝑡𝑘 [𝑚𝑚]

Here,
nf = factor to take the framing system into account
= 0.83 for longitudinal framing
[Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – A.2; Line – 10; Page (6 - 1)]

a = main frame spacing

= 0.4 m [Given]
k = material factor
= 1.0 for ReH = 235 N / mm2
[Chapter – 01; Section – 02; Paragraph – A.2; Line – 12; Page (2 - 1)]

tk = Corrosion addition
= 1.5 mm for 𝑡 ′ ≤ 10 𝑚𝑚
[Chapter – 01; Section – 03; Paragraph – G.1; Line – 2; Page (3 - 30)]

pB = Load on bottom
= 10T + p0 × C𝐹 [kN / m2]
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – B.5; Line – 2; Page (4 - 5)]

T = Draft [m]
= 12 m [Given]

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 p0 = Basic external dynamic load [kN / mm2] for wave direction with or
against ship’s heading
= 2.1 × (CB + 0.7) × C0 × 𝐶𝐿 × 𝑓
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Line – 46; Page (4 - 2)]

CF = Distribution factor
x
=1 for 0.2 ≤ < 0.7
L

[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Table – 4.1; Page (4 - 4)]

CB = Block Co-efficient
= 0.75 [Given]
C0 = Wave Co-efficient
300−𝐿 1.5
= [10.75 − ( ) ] × 𝐶𝑅𝑊 for 90 𝑚 ≤ 𝐿 ≤ 300 𝑚
100

[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Line – 51; Page (4 - 3)]

CL = Length Co-efficient
=1 for 𝐿 ≥ 90 𝑚
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Line – 56; Page (4 - 3)]

f = Probability factor
=1 for plate panels of the outer hull

[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Line – 65; Page (4 - 3)]

L = Length between perpendicular

= 185 m [Given]
CRW = Service range co-efficient
=1 for unlimited service area
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Line – 58; Page (4 - 3)]

e = Web frame spacing

= 1.2 [Given]

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Now,
300−185 1.5
C0 = [10.75 − ( ) ]×1
100

= 9.52
p0 = 2.1 × (0.75 + 0.7) × 9.52 × 1 × 1
= 28.99
pB = 10 × 12 + 28.99 × 1
= 148.99 kN / m2
Therefore,
t B1 = 1.9 × 1 × 0.4 × √148.99 × 1 + 1.5
= 10.78 mm
t B2 = 1.21 × 0.4 × √148.99 × 1 + 1.5
= 7.41 mm
tB = 10.78 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of bottom shell plating as 11 mm

2. Flat Keel Plating: [Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – B.4.1; Page (6 - 4)]

The thickness tFK of the flat plate keel is not to be less than be determined by
the following formulae:
tFK = tB + 2 [mm] within 0.7 L amidships and in way of the engine seating
= 10.78 + 2
= 12.78 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of flat keel plating as 13 mm

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3. Bilge Plating: [Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – B.4.3; Page (6 - 4)]

Bilge plating is considered to be taken as same as flat keel plating.

Therefore, we take the thickness of bilge plating as 13 mm

4. Side Shell Plating: [Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – C.1; Page (6 - 4)]

The thickness ts of the side shell plating is not to be less than determined by
the following formulae:
For ships without proven longitudinal strength:

𝑡𝑠 = max[𝑡𝑠1 ; 𝑡𝑠2 ] within 0.1 L forward of the aft end of the length
L and within 0.05 L aft of F.P.

𝑡𝑠1 = 1.9 × 𝑛𝑓 × 𝑎 × √𝑝𝑠 × 𝑘 + 𝑡𝑘 [𝑚𝑚]

𝑡𝐵2 = 1.21 × 𝑎 × √𝑝𝑠 × 𝑘 + 𝑡𝑘 [𝑚𝑚]

Here,
ps = Load on ship’s side
20
= p0 × Cf × [𝑘𝑁/𝑚𝑚2 ] for wave directions with or against the
10+Z−T
ship's heading
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – B.2; Line – 6; Page (4 - 5)]

Z = vertical distance [m] between load center of element and base line

= 10 m [Given]

Now,
20
𝑝𝑠 = 28.99 × 1 × = 72.475 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
10+10−12

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Therefore,

𝑡𝑠1 = 1.9 × 1 × 0.4 × √72.475 × 1 + 1.5

= 7.97 mm
t s2 = 1.21 × 0.4 × √72.475 × 1 + 1.5
= 5.62 mm
ts = 7.97 mm

Therefore, we take the thickness of side shell plating as 8 mm

5. Sheer Strake:
The width b of the sheer strake is not to be less than determined by the
following formula:
b = 800 + 5 × L [mm]
[Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – C.3.1; Page (6 - 5)]

= 800 + 5 × 185
= 1725 mm b ≤ bmax and bmax = 1800

The thickness t of the sheerstrake is, in general, not to be less than

determined by the following formula:
t = 0.5 × (t D + t𝑆 ) [mm]
[Chapter – 01; Section – 06; Paragraph – C.3.2; Page (6 - 5)]

= 0.5 × (3.985 + 7.97)

= 5.98 mm

Therefore, we take the width of sheer strake as 1730 mm and thickness of

sheer strake as 6 mm
6|Page
6. Mainframe Spacing: [Chapter – 01; Section – 03; Paragraph – B.3.3.3; Page (3 - 6)]

The factor mk3 takes into account shortening of the unsupported length l of
main frames due to end attachments and is to be determined by the following
formula:
𝑙 𝑙
mk3 = 1 − [ 𝐾𝑢 + 0.4 × 𝐾𝑜] with 𝑚𝑘3 ≥ 0.6
𝑙 𝑙
lKu, lKo : length of lower/upper bracket connection of main frames within the
length l [m]

Here,
lKu = 0.25 m [Given]
lKo = 0.25 m [Given]
l = unsupported span
=2m [Given]

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Now,
0.25 0.25
mk3 = 1 − [ + 0.4 × ]
2 2

= 0.825

Section Modulus: [Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – B.2.1.1; Page (9 - 2)]

The section modulus WR of the main frames including end attachments are
not to be less than determined by the following formulae:
𝑊𝑅 = 𝑛 × 𝑚𝑘3 × (1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) × 𝑚𝑐 × 𝑎 × 𝑙 2 × 𝑝 × 𝑘 [cm3]

Here,
ma = factor to take the load distribution taken into account
𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎
= 0.204 × × [4 − ( ) ] with ≤1
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
[Chapter – 01; Section – 03; Paragraph – B.3.2; Page (3 - 4)]
mc = factor to take curved frames into account
= 0.75 [Chapter – 01; Section – 03; Paragraph – B.3.4; Page (3 - 6)]
n = 0.55 for 𝐿 ≥ 100 𝑚
[Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – A.1; Line - 10; Page (9 - 1)]

Now,
0.4 0.4 2
𝑚𝑎 = 0.204 × × [4 − ( ) ]
2 2
= 0.16
𝑊𝑅 = 0.55 × 0.825 × {1 − (0.16)2 } × 0.75 × 0.4 × (2)2 × 72.475 × 1
= 38.45 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of main frame as 𝑳 − 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟕

8|Page
7. Web Frame: [Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – B.5.3.1; Page (9 - 5)]

The web frames and supporting stringers are fitted instead of tiers of beams,
their section modulus W is to be determined by the following formulae:
𝑊 = 0.55 × 𝑒 × 𝑙 2 × 𝑝 × 𝑛𝑐 × 𝑘 [cm3]

Here,
nc = 1 for zero cross ties
[Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – B.5.3.1; Table – 9.1; Page (9 - 5)]

Now,
𝑊 = 0.55 × 1.2 × 22 × 72.475 × 1 × 1
= 191.33 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of web frame as 𝑳 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎

8. Dimension of Side Stringer:

We take the dimension of side stringer same as web frame.

Therefore, we take the dimension of side stringer as 𝑳 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎

9. Dimension of Deck Beam:

[Chapter – 01; Section – 10; Paragraph – B.1.1; Page (10 - 2)]

The section modulus Wd of transverse deck beams and of deck longitudinals

not contributing to the longitudinal strength is to be not less than determined
by the following formulae:
2
2 2 𝑚𝑘1
𝑊𝑑 = 𝑐 × (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) 2
× 𝑎 × 𝑙 × 𝑝 × 𝑘 [cm ] 3
with (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) ≥
2

Here,
mk1 = factor to take a shortened unsupported span into account
𝑙 +𝑙
= 1 − 𝐾𝐼 3 𝐾𝐽 [Chapter – 01; Section – 03; Paragraph – B.3.3.1; Page (3 - 4)]
10 ×𝑙

lKI, lKJ : effective supporting length [mm] due to heel stiffeners and brackets
at frame I and J

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 1
𝑙𝐾𝐼 , 𝑙𝐾𝐽 = min[ℎ𝑠 + 0.3 × ℎ𝑏 + ; 𝑙𝑏 + ℎ 𝑠 ]
𝑐1
1
=0 for 𝑙𝑏 ≤ 0.3 × ℎ𝑏
𝑐1

hs = height of the heel stiffener [mm]

= 0.2 mm [Given]
lb, hb : dimensions of the brackets [mm]
lb = 1.2 mm [Given]
hb = 0.25 mm [Given]

p = design pressure [kN / m2]

= pD [Chapter – 01; Section – 10; Paragraph – B.1.1; Page (10 - 2)]
20×𝑇
= 𝑝0 × (10+𝑧−𝑇)×𝐻 × 𝑐𝐷 [kN / m2]
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – B.1; Page (4 - 4)]
CD = Distribution factor
x
=1 for 0.2 ≤ < 0.7
L

[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Table – 4.1; Page (4 - 4)]
c = 0.75 for beams, girders and transverses which are simply supported
at one or both ends
[Chapter – 01; Section – 10; Paragraph – A.1; Line – 10; Page (10 - 1)]
H = Depth [m]
= 14.8 m [Given]

Now,
𝑙𝐾𝐼 , 𝑙𝐾𝐽 = min[0.2 + 0.3 × 0.25 + 0 ; 1.2 + 0.2]
= min [0.275 ; 1.4]
= 0.275
0.275+0.275
𝑚𝑘1 = 1 −
103 ×2
= 0.9997
20×12
𝑝𝐷 = 28.99 × (10+10−12)×14.8 × 1
= 58.76 kN/m2
𝑊𝑑 = 0.75 × {(0.9997)2 − (0.16)2 } × 0.4 × 22 × 58.76 × 1
= 68.66 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of deck beam as 𝑳 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 × 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎

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10. Dimension of Deck Girder:
[Chapter – 01; Section – 10; Paragraph – B.2.2.1; Page (10 - 3)]

The section modulus of deck girder is to be determined by the following

formula:
𝑊𝐷𝐺 = 𝑐 × 𝑒 × 𝑝 × 𝑙 2 × 𝑘 [cm3]
= 0.75 × 1.2 × 58.76 × 22 × 1
= 211.536 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of deck girder as 𝑻 − 𝟏𝟕𝟖 × 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟓

11. Dimension of Deck Web:

We take the dimension of deck web same as deck girder.

Therefore, we take the dimension of deck web as 𝑻 − 𝟏𝟕𝟖 × 𝟖𝟖 × 𝟓

12. Thickness of Deck Plate:

[Chapter – 01; Section – 07; Paragraph – C.1; Page (7 - 6)]

The plate thickness t is not to be less than determined by the following

formula:

𝑡𝐷 = 1.1 × 𝑎 × √𝑝𝐿 × 𝑘 + 𝑡𝑘 [mm]

Here,
a = av = acceleration addition
=𝐹×𝑚 [Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – A.3; Page (4 - 1)]

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 𝑣0
𝐹 = 0.11 × with 𝑣0 ≥ √𝐿 [kn]
√𝐿
𝑥
m = 1.0 for 0.2 < ≤ 0.7
𝐿

v0 = velocity [knot]
= 8 knot
pL = 'tween deck load [kN / m2]
= 𝑝𝑐 × (1 + 𝑎𝑣 ) [kN / m2]
[Chapter – 01; Section – 04; Paragraph – C.1.1; Page (4 - 10)]

pc = static cargo load [kN / m2]

=7×ℎ [kN / m2] for 'tween decks
h = mean 'tween deck height [m]
= 7.5 m [Given]

Now,
8
𝐹 = 0.11 ×
√185

= 0.0647
𝑎 = 0.0647 × 1
= 0.0647
𝑝𝑐 = 7 × 7.5
= 52.5 kN/m2
𝑝𝐿 = 52.5 × (1 + 0.0647)
= 55.897 kN/m2
𝑡𝐷 = 1.1 × 0.0647 × √55.897 × 1 + 1.5
= 2.03 mm
Therefore, we take the thickness of deck plate as 2.5 mm

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13. Dimension of Longitudinals:
[Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – C.3.2; Page (9 - 8)]

a. Deck Longitudinal:
Section modulus Wl of longitudinal and longitudinal beams of the strength
deck are not to be less than determined by the following formulae:
2
83 2 2 𝑚𝑘1
𝑊𝑙 = × (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) × 𝑎 × 𝑙 2 × 𝑝 [cm3] with (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) ≥
𝜎𝑝𝑟 2

Here,
σpr = permissible local stress [N / mm2]
150
= 𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 − |𝜎𝐿 | with 𝜎𝑝𝑟 ≤
𝑘

σperm = total permissible stress [N / mm2]

𝐿 230 230
= (0.8 + )× with 𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 ≤
450 𝑘 𝑘

σL = Longitudinal bending stress

= 30 [Given]
p = design pressure
[Chapter – 01; Section – 09; Paragraph – C.2; Page (9 - 7) & (9 - 8)]

= pD for longitudinals of the weather deck

= pS for longitudinals at ship’s side
= pB for bottom longitudinals

Now,
185 230
𝜎𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = (0.8 + )×
450 1

= 278.56

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 𝜎𝑝𝑟 = 278.56 − 30
= 248.56
83
𝑊𝑙 = × {(0.9997)2 − (0.16)2 } × 0.4 × 22 × 58.76
248.56

= 30.57 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of deck longitudinal as 𝑳 − 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟕

b. Bottom Longitudinal:
Section modulus WBL of bottom longitudinals are not to be less than
determined by the following formulae:
2
83.3 2 2 𝑚𝑘1
𝑊𝐵𝐿 = × (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) 2
× 𝑎 × 𝑙 × 𝑝 [cm ]
3
with (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) ≥
𝜎𝑝𝑟 2

83.3
= × {(0.9997)2 − (0.16)2 } × 0.4 × 22 × 148.99
248.56

= 77.8 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of bottom longitudinal as 𝑳 − 𝟏𝟑𝟎 × 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟖

c. Side Longitudinal:
Section modulus WSL of side longitudinals are not to be less than determined
by the following formulae:
2
83.3 2 2 𝑚𝑘1
𝑊𝑆𝐿 = × (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) 2
× 𝑎 × 𝑙 × 𝑝 [cm ]
3
with (𝑚𝑘1 − 𝑚𝑎2 ) ≥
𝜎𝑝𝑟 2

83.3
= × {(0.9997)2 − (0.16)2 } × 0.4 × 22 × 72.475
248.56

= 37.84 cm3

Therefore, we take the dimension of side longitudinal as 𝑳 − 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟕

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14. Center Girder: [Chapter – 01; Section – 08; Paragraph – B.2.2.1; Page (8 - 3)]

The web thickness tw and the sectional area Af of the face plate within 0.7 L
amidships are not to be less than determined by the following formulae:
𝑡𝑤 = (0.07 × 𝐿) + 5.5 [mm]
= (0.07 × 185) + 5.5
= 18.45 mm
𝐴𝑓 = (0.07 × 𝐿) + 12 [cm2]
= (0.07 × 185) + 12
= 24.95 cm2

Therefore, we take the thickness of center girder as 19 mm and area of face

plate as 25 cm2

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 Report Summary

Thickness of Bottom Shell Plating 11 mm

Thickness of Flat Keel Plating 13 mm
Thickness of Bilge Plating 13 mm
Thickness of Side Shell Plating 8 mm
Width 1730 mm
Shear Strake
Thickness 6 mm
Dimension of Mainframe L-75×50×7
Dimension of Web Frame L-150×100×10
Dimension of Side Stringer L-150×100×10
Dimension of Deck Beam L-100×50×10
Dimension of Deck Girder T-178×88×5
Dimension of Deck Web T-178×88×5
Thickness of Deck Plate 2.5 mm
Deck L-75×50×7
Dimension of Longitudinals Bottom L-130×75×8
Side L-75×50×7
Thickness 19 mm
Center Girder
Area 25 cm2

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