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ANS 1. What is true civilization is the twelfth chapter of the Hind

Swaraj written by Mahatma Gandhi Hind Swaraj or Indian Home-
Rule comprises of 20 short chapters. It is written in the form of a
dialogue that reads between the editor and the reader. The
advantage of the dialogic form is that it provides the Editor (here
Gandhi) with an opportunity to debate the entire gamut of issues
with all their implications and intricacies. Mahatma Gandhi was an
Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the
leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India.
Mohandas Gandhi wrote this book in his native language, Gujarati,
while traveling from London to South Africa onboard SS Kildonan
Castle.
Now let's talk about what is nationalism and patriotism.
Nationalism is a thought and a movement that promotes the
interests of a specific nation (as in a group of people), especially to
gain and maintain the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over
its homeland. On the other hand, patriotism is a feeling of love and
sovereignty for one’s motherland. in the essay What is true
civilization Gandhiji gives his point of view of what civilization is he
says that Civilisation is that mode of conduct that points out to man
the path of duty. Performance of duty and observance of morality
are convertible terms. To observe morality is to attain mastery over
our mind and our passions. So doing, we know ourselves. The
Gujarati equivalent for civilization means ‘good conduct’.
Mahatma Gandhi always had in him a feeling of love and pride
towards his nation. He was one of those freedom fighters who
helped India to gain back independence India from British rule. His
book hind swaraj also aimed at giving people directions about the
moral code of conduct. Now let's consider his patriotic feelings with
respect. In the chapter What is true civilization. at first when the
editor questions him that he has denounced all the doctors and
lawyers and he would discard the railways as well Gandhiji tells
him the Civilisation which is evolved in India cannot be beaten by
the world. The fact that the seeds sown by our ancestors can be
equated. This instills a feeling of pride towards one's nation. The
way he has portrayed his love for the nation justifies him to be a
patriotic leader. Some instances are quoted below In no part of the
world, and under no civilization, have all men attained perfection.
In the midst of all this, India remains immovable, and that is her
glory.
Throughout his text, he tells about all that our ancestors have done
to make a better-civilized country for us. Like limiting our luxuries
and dissuading our pleasures. Our ancestors were determined
towards their goal and therefore were considered an influence of
nationalism.
This chapter from Hind Swaraj does not give full justice to
Gandhiji's thought of Patriotism and Nationalism. This chapter
explains to us what true civilization should be.

Ans 2. Someone has rightly said

“ if material things are what you are talking about when you say
I am blessed, you have no idea what true blessing is.”. the instance
is taken from the text The Boss Came to Dinner written by Bhisham
Sahni, Indian writer, and playwright, awarded by Padma Bhushan
for literature. The story reads as Bhisham Sahani, brings out very
clearly the plight of aging parents in today's metropolitan cities

Mr. Shamnath was an employee in the ail office. Once he invited

his boss to dinner. Therefore, on the day of dinner, he and his wife
started arranging things and  decorating their house. When they
were busy keeping things in the order they thought over their old
mother Somnathnath considered his mother to be an odd thing. He
did not want his mother to be seen in the presence of the guests. His
wife suggested sending their mother to the neighbourhood where
she would pass the night. Shamnath said if the mother went to the

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old woman in the neighborhood the woman would come frequently
to their house. He did not like the wife’s proposal. He asked his
mother to stay in the verandah when he would receive the guests in
the drawing-room. He asked his mother when the guests would
come to the drawing-room she should go to her room through the
bathroom. In this manner, he mistreated his mother. He talks to her
with disgust and also considers it a mess that needs to be cleaned
up. The mother has sold all her possessions because she wants her
son to have a better future. Shamanth repays her with anger taunt,
he’s forgetting about the love relationship. He never cared whether
his mother is comfortable or not or she is anxious about something.
"Mother doesn't go to sleep early your snores carry far" This was
said was by Mr. Samnath to his mother he didn't care even his
mother is well or not as she was facing difficulties in breathing
since her last illness, but it wasn't at all important for Mr. Samnath,
what was important was his impression in front of his boss. He also
forced her mother to sing in front of the boss leaving behind the
fact that her mother felt discomfort.  He left behind the relationship
of the mother-son duo just to impress his boss. He even asked her to
give the bangles. 
His son only considered getting a promotion and not caring about
the sentiments of his mother
Mr. Samnath was just an example of a materialistic society that just
wanted to gain professional success and for that, he ignored his
mother and family relation. He always disobeyed Her mother.

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