55-10th Maths - RS - New Study Materials - Tamil Medium PDF Download

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M. PALANIYAPPAN, NERKUPPAI, SVG Dist. Mob.: 9942904874. One mark - Textbook Page 1
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il.ani.ene
t t
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t t
il.ani.ene
t t
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ai.ni.ne
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a l a l a i.ni.ene a l a li.ni.n
a a l a la a l a il.ani.ene
s s asa s s
adsaF vj;jid njhLNfhLfs; s
adsa tiuayhk;? adsa s
aada tl;lj;jpd; ntspg;.pG.awg;
.wp.apd12. pdadGs;spapypUe;J tl; l .apdjapw;
pj;
.w .wp.apda .wp.apda
w w w w w w
ww (m) xd;W ww (M) ,uz;L ww wwzpf;if
(,) Kbtw;w vz; ww [pak;
(<)g+[; w
13. tet
-Ieikakhf cila tl;le j;tj t F> ntspNaAs;s Gs;
epw; etsetp –apypUe;J tiuag; egtel;tl njhLNfhLfs; i.ani.entet
a l ail.ani.nkw;Wk; a l ail.ani.n = 70° vdpy;> saslail.ani.n-apd; kjpg;G a l ail.ani.n la l
a da
s
ada s MFk;
a d
a
s
ada . s
a d
a ada a d
a
s
ada s
a daadsaas
w.wp.p (m) 100° ww.w p.p (M) 110° w.wp.p (,)120° w.wp.p(<)130° w.wp.p
ww w ww ww ww w
t t t t t t t t t
l a i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l
e
.ani.n e
l ail
e
.ani. n e
la i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
. .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
a
w.wp.p
a .p.apda
www.Padasalai.Net
ww
a
w.wp.p
da .p.apda
www.CBSEtips.in
ww
a
w.wp.p
da
ww ww ww ww ww w
14. glj;jpy; –I ikakhf cila tl;lj;jpd; njhLNfhLfs; kw;Wk;
t t t t t t t
MFk;
l a i
l
en
.ani. .e MdJ tl;llaj;ilj en
.anipd; e
. kPJs;s Gs;sp l a i
l
ent
.ani. Topahfr; nry;Yk;lail.ani.ente
e
l a i
l .ani.ente
sas saas . as
adsaW sas sas
.
wp.apdaada kw;nwhU njhLNfhL .
w p.apdaadMFk; = 11 nr.kPp.apda
.
w
kw; k;
.
w apdaada
= 7 nr.kP> pvdpy;
. .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww –apd; ePsk;ww ww ww ww w
(m) 6 nr.kP (M) 5 nr.kP (,) 8 nr.kP (<) 4 nr.kP
t t t t t t t t t t
l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
15. a
adsasglj;jpy; cs;sthWadaadsa–I as ikakhff; nfhz;dladsatl; as lj;jpd; njhLNfhLdadsasvdpy;> POQ
a a
ss
.wp.apda MdJ p.p120°
.(m) . p.apa . p.apa . p.apdaada
w w w (M)
w 100°
w w (,)110°
w w (<) 90° w w w
ww ww w ww w w
entet myF..5 t t
Maj;njhiyT tbtpay; t t t t t t
a i
l.ani . ailani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene
1.ads(aasl5, 0), (0, 5) kw;Wk; ad(5, a
sa sl0) Mfpa Gs; s pfshy; a sl
mikf;
adsa f g; gLk; Kf; N fhzj; a
adsa slj pd; gug; G a sl
.wp.apda (m) 0 r.myFfs; .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda daadsa
.wp.api
w w (M) 25 w
r.myFfs; (,) 5 w
r.myFfs; (<) w
vJTkpy; y
ww ww ww ww ww w
2. xU Rthpd; mUNf ele;J nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU egUf;Fk; RtUf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s J}uk; 10
etet –mr;
t
i.ente fUjpdhy;> me;jlaegh; t t
il.ani.enenry;Yk; ghij vd; ni.entet etet
sas ail.ani.n . Rtiu
myFfs;
l s asl ailr.anhff; s as s asl agil.aJ s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada (M) ada ada ada
ww .p.apda (m) .p.apda
ww .p.apda ww
(,)
.p.apda ww
(<)
.p.apda ww
ww ww ww ww ww w
3. vdf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l Neh;Nfhl;bd; rkd;ghlhdJ
(m) tet–mr;Rf;F ,iz (M)
i .ani.en i .entet
.aniY i entet –mr;Rf;F ,izi.ani.entet
.ani.(<) i .ani.ente
t
a (,)
l a l Mjpg; Gs; s p topr; a l a
nry; l k; a l a l ( ) vd; w a l
Gs;a l
s p topr; nry; Y k; a la l
aa dadsas dadsas
aa aa dadsas aa dadsas dadsas aa
ww 4. ( ) ( w w w
) kw;Wk; ( ) vd;gd xU Nfhl;like;jit vdpy;> –apd; kjpg;G
w w w ww w
(m) (M) (,) (<)
t t t t t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene la il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
5.asas
a kw;Wk; a
adsas Mfpa Neh;NfhLfs; a
adsasre;jpf;Fk; Gs;sp adaadsas a a
adsas
Padasalai
d
w.wp.apda (m) (5, 3) w.wp.apda (M) (2, 4) w .wp.apda (,) (3, 5) w .wp.p (<) (4, 4) w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. ( ) ( ) vd;w Gs;spfis ,izf;Fk; Nfhl;bd; rha;T vdpy; –apd; kjpg;G
t t t t ni.entet .ani.ente
t t t
a (m)
l ail.ani.e1ne a la il.ani.en4e
(M) a l a il.a(,) a l ail(<)2
a l a il.ani.ene
adsa s adsa s adsas adsa s adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda
ww 8. Nfhl;Lj;Jz;L ww –apd; rha;T ww
vdpy;> ww wwT
-f;F nrq;Fj;jhd ,U rk ntl;bapd; rha; w
√
(m) √tet (M)tet√ (,) t (<) t0et
.ani.en .ani.en .ani.ente √ .ani.en etet
s asla i
l s asl a i
l s asl a i
l s asl a i
l s asl ail.ani.n
aada mr;rpy; mikAk;.p.a
.wp.apd9.
ada
pdas
Gs; p –apd; nrq;Fw
ada
.apdanjhiyT
.wpj;
j;J 8 kw;Wk;w.w
p–mr;
aa ada
.apdadrpy; mikAk; Gs;ws.wpp .apda–apd;
w w w
ww ww
fpilkl;lj; njhiyT 5 vdpy;> ww ww
vd;w Neh;Nfhl;bd; rkd;ghL ww w
(m) (M) (,) (<)
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l ail.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas saasf; fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; dvJ sas sas
.
wp.apd12.
aada 1 vd;
.
w p.apdawadaNeh;Nfhl;bd; rkd;g.wphl;apdbaaw;dF
. .
w p.apaada cz;ik? .
w p.apdaada
w (m) rha;T wwwkw;Wk; Lw (M) rha; ww kw;Wk; wL
ww ntl;Lj;Jz; ww wT ntl;Lj;wJwz; w
(,) rha;T kw;Wk; ntl;Lj;Jz;L (<) rha;T kw;Wk; ntl;Lj;Jz;L
etet
il.ani.nehw;fukhdJ xU arhptfkhf etet
n mikaj; Njitahd n etet n etet n etet
13.alaxU
s
a s sa slail.ani. s
a aslail.ani. epge;jid saaslail.ani. saaslail.ani.
adaad (m) ,U gf;fq;.f ad
.apda,iz (M) ,U apdaad adaad adaad
w w.wp.p ww wps; w w.wp.gf; fq;fs; ,iz kw;W.w
w w k;p.p,U gf;fq;fs; ,izaw; w w.wp.pwit
w (,) vjpnujph; w gf;fq;fs; ,iz w (<) midj;Jg; gf;fq;wfSk; rkk;. w w
14. rha;ni t t gad;gLj;jp ehw;f.ukhdJ

tg; t t Xh; ,izfukhf.nics; t tsJ vdf; $w ehk;.nifhz t t Ntz;bait. .ni.entet
il.ai.ene ilani.ene ila .ene ila .ene ia
d a
d asl a
sa (m) ,U gf;fq;fspd; d ad aasl
srha; aTfs; d (M)
ad asl a
sa ,U Nrhb vjph; gf; d f
a
d asl a
saq;fspd; rha;Tfs; d adsaaslal
.p.apa a a
.wp.apfq;fspd; ePsq;fs; w.wp.ap (<) ,U gf;fq;fspd; .p.ap a a
.wpf.aps;
ww w (,) midj;Jwg;wgf; w ww w rha;Tfs; kw;Wk; w wq;
ePs
w w w w w w
15. ( ) I ntl;Lg; Gs;spahff; nfhz;l ,U Neh;NfhLfs;
etet etet t t
(M)lail.ani.ene etet etet
s as ail.ani.n
(m)
l s asl ail.ani.n s as sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww .p.apda (,) .p.apda
ww .p.apda (<) ww w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t t t t t
l a i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l
e
.ani.n e
l ail
e
.ani. n e
la i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
. .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
a
w.wp.p
a .p.apda
www.Padasalai.Net
ww
a
w.wp.p
da .p.apda
www.CBSEtips.in
ww
a
w.wp.p
da
ww ww ww ww ww w
t myF. t 6 Kf;Nfhztpay; t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
10.sasxU NfhGuj;jpd; cauj; aspw;Fk;> mjd; epoypd; adePsas
dsaj asj;jpw;Fk; cs;s tpfpjk; sas√ > vdpy; #hpaidf; sas
.
wp.apdaada fhZk; Vw;wf;Nfhz .
w p.apdaamsthdJ .
w p.apda .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
(m) 45° (M) 30° (,) 90° (<) 60°
11. xU
a ntetfk;gkhdJ mjd;ambapy;
il.ani.e
kpd; t t ni.entest xU Gs;spapy; lail.ani.eNfhzj;
il.ani.ene rkjsg; gug;gapy;lail.cs;
a ntet ij
a
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a a l
adsasVw;gLj;JfpwJ. Kjy; s spf;F
adsaGs; kP cauj; s cs;s ,uz;lhtJdadGs;
adjsapy; sasspapypUe;J kpd;fk;gdj; s
sapd;
adj
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apa w .wp.apa
ww mbf;F ,wf; ww
fNfhzk; w fk;gj;jpd; caukhdJ
. vdpy;> wkpd; ww (kPl;lhpy;) ww w
(m) √ (M) (,) (<)
√
i.ani entet
. i .ani.entet i.ani entet
. i .
a ni entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
asl a l asl a l asla l asl a l a sl a
adsa xU NfhGuj;jpd; cauk;
12. adsa 60 kP MFk;. #hpaidf; adsa fhZk; Vw;wf;Nfhzk; adsa 30° -apypUe;J adsa
Mf
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww caUk;NghJ> ww NfhGuj;jpd; epoyhdJww-kP FiwfpwJ vdpy;> ww-d; kjpg;G ww w
(m) 41.92 kP (M) 43.92 kP (,) 43 kP (<) 45.6 kP
etet
.n Ff; fl;llj;jpd;lacr;
.ni.n etet n etet n etet .ni.n etet
s
a lail.animLf;
13. asgy
saas ila rpapypUe;J kP a
saslail.ani. s fl;llj;jpd; saascr;
cauKs; lail.anri.p> mb Mfpatw;wpd; s
a aslaila
a
d ad
ada ,wf;ff;Nfhzq;f.wps;.apdaKiwNa a
d a
d a
d
w.wp.p w kw;Wk;w.w .apda vdpy;> gy mLf;Fwf;.wpfl;
p60° .apdallj;jpd; cauk; kw; wW .apda,U
.wpk;
ww w w w w
fl;llq;fSf;F ,ilNaAs;s njhiythdJ (kPl;lhpy;) w w w w w
(m) 20, 10√ (M) 30, 5√ (,) 20, 10 (<) 30, 10√
t t t t t
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente la i
l .ani.ente
14.sas,uz;L egh;fSf;F d,ilg; sas gl;l njhiyT dadskPaasMFk;. Kjy; eghpd; as
scaukhdJ ,uz;lhtJ a
daadsas
.
wp.apdaada eghpd; cauj;ijg; .
wp. aada
apNghy ,U klq; fhf .wp
cs;.apasJ. mth;fSf;F ,ilg; .wp.apdaadgal;l njhiyT Neh;.wpN.afhl;p b d;
w ww w w w
ww ikag; Gs;s wpapypUe; J ,U egh;fspd; wwcr;rpapd; Vw;wf; Nfhzq; wwfs; epug;Gf;Nfhzq;fs;wwvdpy;> w
Fl;ilahf cs;s eghpd; cauk; (kPl;lhpy;) fhz;f.
(m)
a ntet
il.ani.e√ a
tet
il.ani.en(M) a
t t
il.ani.ene (,) a
t t
il.ani.ene (<) a
t t
il.ani.ene
a l a l a l a l a l
adsas adsas √ adsas √ adsas adsas
Padasalai
w.wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww 15. Xh; Vhpapd; w w
NkNy kP cauj;jpy; wcs; w s xU Gs;spapypUe;w JwNkfj;jpw;F cs;s Vw;www f;Nfhzk . w
Nkf gpk;gj;jpd; ,wf;ff; Nfhzk; vdpy;> Vhpapy; ,Ue;J Nkfj;jpw;F cs;s caukhdJ
tet) .ni.ente
t t t t t t t
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
(kPl
.n;l
i.enhpy;
aila
saasl(m) ( ) aslaila
sa(M) ( ) asl a asl a asl a
a a adsa ) p.apdaadsa(<) ,it xd;Wk; p.,y; adsa
.wp.apda (,) (
d d d d
a
w.wp.p
a a
w.wp.p
a
w w .w w.wapda iy
ww ww w w ww ww w
t
myF.7 t
mstpay;
.ani.ente cauKk; ni.ente t t etet etet
1. saslailnr.kP nr.kP
a l ail.atpl; lKk; nfhz;l xU a l il.ani.entel;lf; $k;gpd; tisgug;
aNeh; a l ail.ani.n
G a l ail.ani.n
ada s
ada s s
aa s s s s s
.wp.apda (m) .wp.apda
r.nr.kP (M) p.apdad
r.nr.kP
.w (,) w.w aada
p.apdr.nr.kP
ada
p.apdar.nr.kP
(<) w.w
w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
2. myFfs; Muk; cila ,U rk miuf; Nfhsq;fspd; mbg;gFjpfs; ,izf;fg;gLk; NghJ
t jpz;kj;jpd; Gwg;ng.eug; Gt t t t
.ani.ente .ai nte .ani.ente .ani.ente .ani.ente
cUthFk;
l a i
l l a i
l l ail l a i
l l a i
l
adsaas(m) r.m. adsaas(M) r.m. adsaas (,) r.m. dadsaas (<) r.m. dadsaas
ww .p.apda .p.apda .p.apda .p.apa .p.apa
ww ww w ww w ww w ww
ww
3. Muk; nr.kPw w
kw;Wk; rhAauk; w w cila Neh;tl;lf; $k;
nr.kP w wgpd; cauk; w
(m) 12 nr.kP (M) 10 nr.kP (,) 13 nr.kP (<) 5 nr.kP
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene al a il.ani.ene
s cUisapd; cauj;
4.adsaxU asj khw;whky; mjd;adMuj;
adsi adsasijg; ghjpahff; nfhz; s Ls Gjpa cUis ss
.wp.apda cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. .wp.apda Gjpa kw;Wk; Ke;i p.pacUisfspd;
.ja
w .
w p.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w w w fd w w
ww ww ww ww msTfspd; tpfpjk; ww w
(m) 1 : 2 (M) 1 : 4 (,) 1 : 6 (<) 1 : 8
t t t t t t
.ani.ente
5. Xh;lailcUisapd; i.ente jpy; %d;wpy; xU
lail.ancauj;
Muk; mjd; i.enteF vdpy;> mjd; nkhj;
lail.angq;
ente
lail.anij. g; Gwg;gug;G l a il.ani.ene
a asaas asaas asaas a
apdaadsas p.apdad (M) p.apdad (,) p.apdad .wp.apda
adsa s
.
ww p. (m) r.m.w.w r.m. w.w r.m.w.w (<) r.m.
w
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. Xh; cs;sPlw;w cUisapd; ntspg;Gw kw;Wk; cl;Gw Muq;fspd; $Ljy; nr.kP kw;Wk; mjd;
entet e ntet entet etet etet
s as
jbkd;
l .
ailani . nr.kP MFk;
s
.
asl .
aila ni
cUisapd; . cauk;
s asl .
aila
nr.kP ni . vdpy; > mjid ail.ani.nfg; gad;gl;l saslail.ani.n
cUthf;
sasl
ada nghUspd; fd msT ada ada ada ada
ww (m) 5 w
wf.nr.kP (M) ww f.nr.kP ww5 f.nr.kP
(,) (<) 3ww f.nr.kP w
t t t t t t t t t
l a i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l
e
.ani.n e
l ail
e
.ani. n e
la i
l
e
.ani. n e
l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
. .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
a
w.wp.p
a .p.apda
www.Padasalai.Net
ww
a
w.wp.p
da .p.apda
www.CBSEtips.in
ww
a
w.wp.p
da
ww ww ww ww ww w
7. xU $k;gpd; mbg;Gw Muk; Kk;klq;fhfTk; cauk; ,U klq;fhfTk; khwpdhy; fd msT vj;jid
klq;i .ani.ef et khWk;?
nthf .ani.enteF
(m) 6 iklq; t (M) 18 klq;i.aFni.entet (,) 12 klq;Fi.ani.entet(<) khw;wkpy;iy i.ani.entet
s asl a l asl a l asl a l aslal aslal
aadaXh; miuf;Nfhsj;j.ppd;
apd8. adsa
apdankhj; daadsa
aMuj; dsa
apdaa-----------------
s
apdaada
w .
wp. w w . j g; gug; G mjd;
w .
w p. p j pDila th; f; fj; .
j
w p.
pd; klq; f .
hFk;
w p.
ww ww ww ww ww
(m) (M) (,) 3 w (<) w w
9. nr.kP t t MuKs;s xU jpz;kf;t Nfhsk;

t mNj MuKs;st xU t $k;ghf khw;wg;gLfpwJ t t vdpy;> $k;gpd; .ni.entet
il.ani.ene (m) nr.kP alail.ani.ene (M) nr.kP alail.ani.ene il.ani.ene ia
d a
d a
sasl a
cauk;
d a
d sas d a
d sas (,)
d
nr.kP
a
d a
sasl a (<)
d a
d saaslal
nr.kP
aa aa aa aa aa
ww ww ww ww ww w
10. nr.kP cauKs;s xU Neh;tl;lf; $k;gpd; ,ilf;fz;l Muq;fs; nr.kP kw;Wk; nr.kP vdpy;>
mjd;t fd msT
enet tet
il.ani.en3228 .entet3 etet etet
ail.ani.3328
asl(m) f.nr.kP asla(M) f.nr.kP aslail.ani(,) f.nr.kP aslail.ani.n(<) 3340 f.nr.kPaslail.ani.n
s asa asa asa asa
aada
.wp.apd11. . p.apdad . p.apdad . p.apdad . p.apdad
w w w w w w w w w
ww w j ,U cUtq;fis w,izj;
fPo;f;fhZk; wve; w jhy; xU ,wFge;
wj wpd; tbtk; fpilf;Fk; ww w
(m) cUis kw;Wk; Nfhsk; (M) miuf;Nfhsk; kw;Wk; $k;G
(,) Nfhsk;
t kw;Wk; $k;G (<) $k;gpd; ,ilf; fz;lk; kw;Wk; miuf;
t Nfhsk;
ete etet t
ete ete etet
sasl ail.ani.n s a sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
13.
ada nr.kP MuKk; aadacauKk; nfhz;l.p.axU
nr.kP adaku cUisapypUe;Jadamjpfgl; ada rf; fdmsT nfhz; ada l
w .wp.apda Nfhsk; ntl;b wvLf; .wp.apdf g; gLfpwJ vdpy; > w
mjd;
w pdafd msT (f.nr.kP
w - .wp).p
y; w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
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ailg.anpd; s asl i.n
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apdaada 1.1 adsa adsa adsa adsa
w .wp.v.fh. .wp.apda = {2, 3} vdpy;> (i)
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s asl aila. ni .
s asl .
aila ni.
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
apdaada 1.2
.wp.v.fh = {(3, daada
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(i) t t (iin.entet t t
l a il.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a il.ai l a il.ani.ente la i l.ani.ente
sas vd;gtw;iwr; rhpghHf; sas f. (HY-19) dadsaas sas sas
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a l a iln}; a
adsas adsas adsas adsas adsas
Padasalai
ww 2. = {1, 2, 3} w
w
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t t t t t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
3. adsaas = {( 2, 3), ( da2, adsa4), (0, 3), (0, 4), (3,ad3),
as adsa(3, 4)} vdpy;>
as kw;Wadk; as
sa Mfpatw;iwf; fhz; as
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w .wp.apda w .wp.ap w .wp.pa w .wp.apda w.wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
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tet
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ni.ent3, etet etet
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s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apdagdJ cz;ikah vd
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t t t tet t
rkd;i.g
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l a l l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.en(PTA-2) l a il.ani.ente
saas sas (PTA-5) sas (iii) apdaadsaas sas
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vz;fspd; t t fzk; kw;wk; vd; gtJt ,ul;ilg;gil gfhentevz; t fspd; fzk; vdpy; t > t fPo;f;fz;ltw;iwr;.ni.entet
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani. il.ani.ene ia
d ad a
sas l a
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sas l a
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sas (ii) d ad a
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aa aa aa aa aa
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Bte–f;
t F Md cwitf; entFwpf;
et fpwJ? (i) R1 = {(3,
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tet 1)} t t
a l a il.ani en
.
(ii) R 2={(3, 1), (4,a l a i
12)}l.ani .
(iii) R 3 = {(3, 7),
a l a i
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10), (7, 7), (7, 8), (8,
a l a il. ni
11),
a .
(8, 7), (8, 10)} a l a il.ani.ene
adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s
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10th QUESTION BANK-2020. M. PALANIYAPPAN, NERKUPPAI. Mob: 9942904874 Page 1
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sas as
k;daadsa={3, sas a
daadsas –apypUe;J .p–f; saas
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p w apdafadhd
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w cwTfshFk;w ? ww w w w
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(i) 𝑅1 = {(2, 1), (7, 1)} (ii) 𝑅2 = {( 1, 1)
(iii) 𝑅e =
3 tet {(2, 1), (7, 7), (1, 3)}
entet (iv) 𝑅4 = {(7,ete1), t (0, 3), (3, 3), (0, n7)} t t t t
a l a i
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a l a i
l .ani.
a l a i
l .ani .n
a l a il.ai.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ss sas adsas s
daadsatHf; asas
apdaada = {1, 2, 3, 4 … 45}
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tPr;rfj;ijAk; fhz;f. (PTA-5)
te t t t t t t t t t
a l a n
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3. ad𝑅 s
sa vd;w xU cwT {d(adsa s s
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i .ani.n Fwpf;f. i .ntet ) /
.ani{( i n t
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t
.ni.n
adsaasl a
Kiwapy; l
adsa (i)
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5. xU epWtdj;jpy; cjtpahsHfs; ( ) vOj;jHfs;( ) NkyhsHfs;(𝑀) kw;Wk; epHthfpfs; (𝐸)
Mfpa tet F gphpTfspy; gzpahsHfs;
.ani.enehd; .ani.ente
t cs;sdH. t
.ani.ente , , 𝑀 kw;Wk; l𝐸 .entet gzpahsHfSf;
.anigphpT F.ani.ente
t
l a il l a il l a il a il la i
l
saas saas dsaas sas 1, ada ,dsaas3, 4
.wp.apdaadCjpaq; fs; KiwNa
.wp.apdaad&.10,000, &.25,000,
.wp.apdaa&.50,000 .w .apdaada
kw;Wk; &.1,00,000
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NkyhshHfs; kw;Wk; 𝐸1, 𝐸2 MfpNahH epHthfpfs; MtH. 𝑅 vd;w cwtpy; vd;gJ
vd;gtUf; eF
t f; nfhLf;fg;gl;ln.enCjpak; tet vdpy; 𝑅-vd; t wt cwit> thpirr; tNrhbfs;
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n
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Padasalai
adaad a adaad a adaad a adaad a adaad a
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p ww.wp.p w w.wp.p
w w w myF gapw;rp -1 w w w
1. t t 4 kw;Wk; i(.ani.e2,5) ntet Mfpa thpirr;ail.aNrhbfs; ni.entet t k; –If; fhz;f.n.entet

nteW
il.ani.ene l
rkk; vdpy; i.ani.e
l
kw; i.ai
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sa sl a
d a
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w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p Wwk;w.w(0, 1) -Ak;
ww 2. fhHBrpad;
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,Uf;fpwJ vdpy;> -apy; cs;s cWg;Gfisf; fhz;f. kw;Wk; -d; kPjKs;s
cWg;Gfisf; fhz; f .
apdaada= {1, 2}, = {1,.wp2,.apd3,
.wp.7.
a
aad4}, aa
p.ak;pdad = {5, 6, 7, 8} vdpy;
= {5, 6} kw;.W
w .wp.apda
ada MdJ .wp.apda
ada
w w w w w
ww cl;fzkh vdr; ww rhpghHf;f. ww ww ww w
t myF.2i.ani.entet vz;fSk; njhlh;thpirfSk; t t t

l a il.ani.ente l a l l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas saas adsaas saas dsaasLNk
.wp.apdaada 2.1 ek;kplk; .wp.a
v.fh. 4pdaadNff; Jz; Lfs; cs;
.wp.apdas d. xt; n thU ngl;
.wp.apdabadapYk; 5 Nff; Ffs;
.wp.apdaakl;
w w ww w ww
ww itf;wfw ,aYnkdpy;> Nff;w Ffis itf;f vj;jid ww ngl;bfs; Njit wkw; Wk; vj;jid w
Nff;Ffs; kPjkpUf;Fk; vdf; fhz;f.
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas2.2 gpd;tUk; xt;
v.fh. dsas wpYk; 𝑎-ia 𝑏
nathd; adsas tFf;Fk;NghJ afpilf;
My; adsas Fk; <T kw;wk; adkPaaj s
dsapiaf;
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.p
ww fhz;fw.w(i) 𝑎 1 5 ww ii 𝑎 17 𝑏 ww (iii) 𝑎 19ww 4 w
v.fh.2.3.ni.entxw;
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ila mikAk; entet fkhdJ 4𝑞 + 1,i.ani.en(,q;
aL.f.
tet F 𝑞 MdJ KOf; t t fs;) vd;w tbtpy;
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a
sa sl a vdf; a
sa sl
fhl; a l a
sa sl a l a
sa sl a a
sa sl a
ad ad ad ad ad
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w ww jpia 55 – 325 wwvd;w tbtpy; w
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entet etet etet etet etet
s asl .
ailani .
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
apdaada.2.5 445 kw;W.w
.wp.v.fh
ada -I xU Fwpg;gpl;
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k; ada ada
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v.fh. 2.6 396, 504, 636 Mfpatw;wpd; kP.ngh.t fhz;f.
t t t t t
l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
.wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada -2.1
gapw;rp .wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
1. 3 My; tFf;fk;NghJ kPjp 2–Ij; juf;$ba midj;J kpif KOf;fisAk; fhz;f.
t t t t t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
2. axU
dsas eghplk; 532 pg+e;
a a
ansjhl;
as bfs; cs;sd.adaadsamtH as thpirf;F 21dadsag+e; as njhl;bfs; tPjk;dadmLf; a
ss f
.wp.apdatpUk;gpdhH. vj;.w
j pdad thpirfs; KOik
.aid .wp.p ngWk; vdTk; pa Wk; vj;jid w
.wp.akw; g+e; a abfs;
.wpn.apjhl;
w w w w
ww kPjkpUf;Fk; vdTk; ww fhz;f. ww
(PTA-1)
ww ww w
tet t t t t i.ente
t t t
3. njhlHr;
a l a il.ani.ernpahd ,U kpif lKOf;
a a il.ani.enefspd; ngUf;fw;g a
yd;
l a il.ani.en2eMy; tFgLk; vd a l a il.anepWTf. a l a il.ani.ene
ww 4. 𝑎, 𝑏 kw;Wk; 𝑐wvd; w w kpif KOf;fis ww 13My; tFf;Fk;NghJ ww fpilf;Fk; kPjpfs;wwKiwNa 9, 7 w
kw;Wk; 10 vdpy; 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 MdJ 13My; tFgLk; vd ep&gp.
5. ve;j kpif t t KOtpd; tHf;fj;.i tet 4 My; tFf;Fk;.nNi.eghJ
ejAk; tet kPjp 0 my;yJ .1ni.enkl; tetLNk fpilf;Fk; .ni.entet
vd a l il.ani.ene
aepWTf. a l ailani.n a l aila n a l aila laila
a da
s
ada s
a da
s
ada s
a da
s
ada s
a da
s
ada s
a daadsaas
ww 6. A+f;spbd; tFj; wwjy; topKiwiag; gad; ww gLj;jpg; gpd;tUtdtw; ww wpd; kP.ngh.t. fhz;wfw. w
(i) 340 kw;Wk; 412 (ii) 867 kw;Wk; 255
t t t t ni.entWetk; 120. t t
(iii)
l ai l
e
.a10224
ni. n e kw;Wk; 9648 lail.ani. e n e (iv) 84, 90 l a il.akw; l a i
l.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
.wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w ww Mfpa vz;fiswtFf; ww Fk;NghJ kPjp 12–Ij; w juf;$ba kpfg;nghpa w
ww 7. 1230 kw;Wk; w1926 ww ww vz;izf; w
fhz;f.
ntet
il.ani.eW
t t
il.anikP.enge;ngU nghJ tFj;
t t
il.apni.e𝑑ne vd;f. 𝑑 = 32ala+il.an60
t
i.ente vdpy; t t
il.ani.ene
8. 32 a l akw; k; 60 Mfpatw; w
a la
pd; a l aj kw; W ak;
l a
adsas asas adsas adsas adsas
Padasalai
w.wp.apda vd;w KOf;fisf; w pdad f.
.wp.afhz; w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
9. xU kpif KOit 88My; tFf;Fk;NghJ kPjp 61 fpilf;fpwJ. mNj kpif KOit 11 My;
tFf;F k;t NtghJ fpilf;Fk; kPj t t fhz;f.
piaf; t t t t t t
asa s asa s adsas adsa s adsas
w .apdadve;j ,U mLj;jwLj;
.wp10. pdadkpif KOf;fs; wrhHgfh
.wp.aj .wp.apda vz;fs; vd epWTf. w .wp.apda w.wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh. 2.7 tnfhLf; t fg;gl;l fhuzp gphpj;
tet
jypy;> 𝑚 kw;Wk; t vd;w vz;fisf; t
e n e en .ni.ente .ni.ente etet
.
alaila
ni . fhz; f . .
alaila
ni .
alaila alaila a l ail.ani.n
. p.apdaadsas . p a
. pdaadsas .p.apdaadsas . p.apdaadsas .wp.apda
s
ada s
ww v.fh. 2.8 6 MdJ
ww w w XH ,ay; vz; w ww ww
wwvz;fs; 5
w
ww wvd;w tbtpy; mikAk; ww w
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.ni e
. ntet .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l a l a i
l l ail l a i
l l a i
l
sas dsaas3 vd;gJ xU gF sas sas sas
.
wp apdaada. 2.9 7 × 5 × 3 ×
v.fh
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w p.a2pdaa+ .wp. aadazh? cdJ tpilia
apdvz; .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww wwgLj;Jf.
epahag; (PTA-3) ww ww ww w
tet𝑏 × 𝑏𝑎 = 800 vd;w.thW t t t t t

i.ente’𝑏’ If; fhz;f. lail.ani.ente
t
v.fh.2.10
a l a il.ani.en𝑎 a l ailani.ene mikAk; ,Uala il.ani.ene KOf;fs; ‘𝑎 ‘ kw;
kpif
a laWil.ank; a
aa dadsas dadsas
aa dadsas aa dadsas aa dadsas
(HY-19) aa
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p
gapw;rp -2.2 w.wp.p w.wp.p
ww ww ww ww ww w
1. XH ,ay; t t vz; vdpy;> ve;j t tkjpg;GfSf;F 4 .MdJ t t 6 vd;w ,yf;fj; itjf; t nfhz;L KbAk;n? .entet
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene ilani.ene il.ani.ene i.ai
d a
d a
sa sl a
d a
d a
sa sl a
d ad a
sa sl a
d a
d a
sa sl a
d a
d saaslal
a
ap 𝑚 kw;Wk; ,ay; .wpvz; a
.ap fs; vdpy;> ve;j w𝑚.wp–apd; .ap a a
.p.ap 𝑚 .apa
w.wp.2. ww kjpg;GfSf;F ww2w × 5 vd;w vz;w5wvd; w.wpw
ww w
,yf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L KbAk;? w w w w
3. 252525 etet tet fspd; kP.ngh.t. .fhz; etet etet etet

s asl ail.ani.n kw;Wk; 363636savd; sl .ani.envz;
ailw s asl ailani.n f. sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww 4. 13824 = 2 ×w3w vdpy;> 𝑎 kw;Wk; 𝑏-apd;
a b
ww kjpg;Gf; fhz;f. ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
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5. × × × = 113400 ,q;F vd;gd VW thpirapy; mike;j gfh
. ni e
. ntet . ni e
.ntet . ni e
. n tet .Wni.entet .ani.ente
t
vz; l afils;
a kw; W k; l a i l a vd; g d KOf; f s; vdpy;
l a il a > kw;
l a il a k; l a il
sas sas sas sas sas
.wp.apdaada Mfpatw;
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w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. mbg;gil vz;zpay; Njw;wj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp 408 kw;Wk; 170 vd;w vz;fspd; kP.ngh.k. kw;Wk;
kP.ngh.t. t
t fhz; f. t t t t t t t t
a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
dsas
apdaa24, asas
p.apdafdshy; kPjpapd;wp w
adsas adsas adsas
w .wp.7. 15, 36 Mfpa w .vz;
w .wp.apda kpfg;nghpa Mwpyf;
tFgLk; w .wp.apdaf vz;izf; fhz; w .wp..apda
f
ww ww ww ww ww w
8. 35, 56 kw;Wk; 91 My; tFf;Fk; NghJ kPjp 7-Ij; juf;$ba kpfr;rpwpa vz; vJ?
t t t t t t t t t t
sa s sa s adsa s asa s adsa s
apdaadKjy;
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kPjpapd;wp tFglf; .apdad
.wpvJ? .wp.apda
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh. 2.19 gpd;tUk; njhlHthpirfspd; mLj;j %d;W cWg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
etet etet t t t t etet
sa sl ail.ani.n (i) s asl ail.ani.n… ii 5 lail.ani.en1e 4 …
s as s
iiilail.a1ni.ene.1 . 1 ...
as s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww v.fh. 2.20 gpd;t w
wUk; w
njhlHthpirfspd;w nghJ cWg;G fhz;fw.
w ww w
ti 6 9… t (ii) ,... t iii 5 5 1 5 te…. t t

l ai l.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.en l a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
. p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada . p.apdaada
ww v.fh. 2.21 xU wnjhlHthpirapd;
w w ww w nghJ w w ww w fg;gLfpwJ. www w
wwcWg;G gpd;tUkhW w tiuaWf; w
∈
XH xw; i w vz;
𝑎 = {
t t 1t t ∈ ,ul;il vz;entet
XH t t t t
l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani. l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a
adsas 11-tJ cWg; adsaGs kw;Wk; 18-tJ acWg;
a a
adsasGf; fhz;f. a
adsas a
adsas
Padasalai
w.wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh. 2.22 gpd;tUk; njhlHthpirapd; Kjy; Ie;J cWg;Gfisf; fhz;f.
t t ntet ni.entet t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene 𝑎 = 1, 𝑎 = 1,ala𝑎il.ani.e= ; ≥ ail.a∈
a l a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsas
ww ww ww
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1. gpd;tiUk; t
etenjhlHthpirfspd; etet j %d;W cWg;Gifisf;
mLj; etet fhz;f. etet etet
s aslal.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl al.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada i 8 4 7 … adaada(ii) 5, 1, a
… .wp.apdaad(iii) , … .wp.apdaada ada
w.wp.apda w .wp.p w w w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
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t t t t t
(i)
l a i
l .ani𝑎.ente= 2 l a i
l .ani.ente(ii) 𝑎 = 1 lail.ani.ente 1 l a i
l i.ente 𝑎 = 2
.an(iii) 6 lail.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
.
wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada .wp.apdaada .
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w p.apdaada
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-tJ cWg;igf; ww w
1
i 5 1 17 … (ii) 0, … iii 8 1 18 …
te t te t t t t t t t
a l a n e
il.ai. n
a l a n e
il.ai. n
a l ail.ai. e
n en
a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ss adsas daadsas -tJ cWg; adsas asas
apdaadfPao;f;fz;l njhlHthpirfs;
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s.J.
w
w w w w
ww Fwpg;gplg;gl;Lws;ws cWg;Gfisf; fhz; wwf. ww ww w
(i) 𝑎 =t ; 𝑎 kw;Wk; 𝑎 t (ii) 𝑎 ( t 4); 𝑎 kw;Wk; 𝑎 n.entet
t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a n
il.ai e
. n e
a l a n
il.ai e
.n e
a l a il.ai a l a il.ani.ene
adsa s asa s asa s adsa s adsa s
w .wp.apda XH
w .apdadil vz; 𝑛 ∈ ℕ w.wp.apdad
.wp,ul; w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww 5. 𝑎 = { ww ww vd;gJ –tJ cWg; wwG vdpy;> 𝑎 kw;Wk; w𝑎w fhz;f. w
XH xw;iw vz; 𝑛 ∈ ℕ
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n sa sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
6. ad𝑎a =1, 𝑎 =1 kw;Wk; a𝑎da= 2𝑎 +𝑎 , adaad≥a 3, ∈ a
vdpy;ap>daadnjhlHthpirapd; Kjy; ada MW
w.wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp. w .wp.apda
ww cWg;Gfisf;wwfhz;f. ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
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l .ani.ente
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et
.ani.ent(i)
t
.ani.ente 4 …
t
nte16,..
.ani.e8, tet
.ani.en5√ .ani.ente
t
l a il l a il (ii) 2,
l a i4,
l (iii) 3l√a il 7√ 9 √ … l a il
sas sas sas sas sas
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. .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w w w w w
ww v.fh. 2.24 Kjy; wwcWg;G 20 MfTk; nghJ ww tpj;jpahrk; 8 MfTk; ww nfhz;l $l;Lj; njhlHthpiria ww w
vOjTk;
t t t t t t t t t t
a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene
adsa.s 2.25 15 7 a9da…
l l l l l
v.fh a a
asavd;
s w njhlHthpirapd; adsa15-tJ
as 24–tJ kw;W a
adsk;as -tJ cWg;G (nghJ a
adsas
w .wp.apda .p df.
cWg;Gw) .wpfhz; w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh. 2.26 6 9 1 … 111 vd;w $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapy; cs;s cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf;
te tfhz;f. t t t t t t t t
a l a n
il.ai e
.n
a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ww v.fh.2.27 xU $l; ww Lj;njhlHthpirapd; w7-tJ w cWg;G 1 kw;wk; w 16-tJ cWg;G 17wvdpy; w > mjd; w
nghJ cWg;igf; fhz;f.
etet etet entet etet etet
v.fh sa sl ail.ani.nxU $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapd;
.2.28 s asl ail.ani.n , 𝑚 kw; Wsk;
asl ail.ani.MtJ cWg; G fs; s a l ail.ani.n
KiwNa
s kw; W k;s asl ail.ani.n
ada aa ada ada ada
w .wp.apda vdpy; (i)
w pdad )
.wp.a(𝑚– w .wp(.apd–a 𝑚) (ii) w .wp.apda w .wp.apda𝑚
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.2.29 txU
n en et
$l;Lj;njhlHthpirapy;
n e ntet mLj;jLj;j ehd; n e
F
ntet cWg;Gfspd; $Ljy;n ente28
t kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; entet
i . i .
lala tHf;fq;fspd; $Ljy;
sas
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lala 276. me;j ehd;lF
i
sas
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alavz;fisf; fhz;f. lala
sas
i. i. lail.ani.
sas sas
w ww jd;dplk; cs;s w ww w
ww v.fh.2.30 xU wjha; ww &.207-I $l;Lj; wnjhlH thpirapy; mikAk; ww %d;W w
ghfq;fshfg; gphpj;Jj; jdJ %d;W Foe;ijfSf;Fk; nfhLf;f tpUk;gpdhH. mtw;wpy;
t ,U rpwpa njhiffspd;
t t t ngUf;fw;gyd; .&.4623 t t MFk;. xt;nthU t t Foe;ijAk; ngWk; t t
a l a il.ani.ene njhifapidf;alfhz; a il.ani.enfe. a l a ilani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
Padasalai
w.wp.apda w.wp.apda w .wp.apda -2.5
gapw;rp w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
1. gpd;tUk; njhlHthpirfs; xU $l;Lj; njhlHthpirah vdr; Nrhjpf;fTk;.
(i) l a ni.entet 𝑎 5 𝑎 7la…il.ani.ente(ii)
il.a𝑎
t
,…
l a
t t
il.ani.ene iii 9 1 17
l a
t t
il.ani.en1e 5 … l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsa s a
asa s a
asas a
asa s a
asas
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w p.apdad .
wp.apdad .
w p.apdad .wp.apdad
ww … (iv) w
1,w 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 … ww
w w w w
ww ww w
2. fPNo nnfhLf; etet fg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; t

etecWg; G 𝑎 kw;Wk; nghJ etet tpj;jpahrk; 𝑑-f;Fi.an et Lj;
f;et$l; etet
s slail.ai.n
njhlHthpirfisf;
a fhz;
s aslfail..ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl al i.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
w.wp.apda (i) 𝑎 5 𝑑 6w.wp.apda (ii) 𝑎 7 𝑑 w.wp5.apda (iii) 𝑎 w.wp.apda
𝑑 w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
3. fPNo nfhLf; fg;gl;Ls;s nghJ ecWg; t GfSila $l;L j;tetnjhlHthpirfspd; Kjy; t cWg;G kw;Wk; n.entet
i
l .entetjpahrk; fhz;f. lail(i)
.anitpj; .ani.nte il.ani.en(ii) = 4 7 i
l .ani.ente i.ai
da
nghJ
dsaasl a
d a
dsaas d a
d saasl a
d a
d saasl a
d a
d saaslal
aa .p.apa .p.apa .p.apa .p.apa
w.wp.p ww w ww w ww w ww w
ww 4. 11, 15, w19 w
… vd;w $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapd; 19-tJ cWg;igf; fhz;f. w w w
5. 16 11 e6tet1 … vd;w $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapy; t t 54 vd; tgJ

t vj;jidahtJ ncWg; t t G? t t
a l a il.ani.n a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ai.ene a l a il.ani.ene
as15, 21, 7 … 18 avd;
6. ads9, adsaws $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapd; adsas eL cWg;Gfisf; s f.
adsafhz; adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.pda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda
ww 7. xU $l;Lj; njhlHthpirapd; ww ww
xd;gjhtJ cWg;gpd; xd;gw
w
J klq;Fk;> gjpide;jwhtJ cWg;gpd;
w w
gjpide;J klq;Fk; rkk; vdpy; ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ cWg;gpd; MW klq;fhdJ g+r;rpak; vd
epWTf. t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
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t etet etet etet
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ada s
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ww ww w
v.fh. 3.33 #j;jpu Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jp 2 2 – 3 – 3 = 0 -Ij; jPHf;f.
t t t t t t t
l a i
l
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l a i
l
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.ani. n e
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
v.fh sa.s 3.34 3 2 + 2√5 dadsa5 as = 0 -I #j;jpu Kiwapy; sas jPHf;fTk; sas sas
.
wp.apdaada .
w p.apa .wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w.w 𝑞 2 ( w w w
ww v.fh. 3.35 jPHf; wf 𝑞)2 + ww
( 𝑞)2 = 0 ww ww w
t t t t t t t t t t
a
adsas
l a il.ani.ene a
adsas
l ail.ani.ene -3.11
gapw;rp
a
adsas
l ail.ani.ene a
adsas
la il.ani.ene a
adsas
l a il.ani.ene
ww 1. nfhLf;fg;gl;lw,Ugbr; w w
rkd;ghLfisw tHf;fg; g+Hj;jp Kiwapy; ww jPHf;f. ww w
(i) 9 2 e–te12 +4=0 (ii) = 3et+2 (PTA-3)

a il.ani . n t ail.ani entet
. a i
l.ani .net a
t t
il.ani.ene a
t t
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s asl a sl a sl asl asl
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w .wp.2. #j; j pu Kiwiag; w .apdadgLj;jpg; gpd;tUk;
.wpgad; w .apdad
.wp,Ugbr; rkd; g w
hLfisj; .wp.apdajPHf;f. (i) 2 2 w 5 .wp.+ 2 = 0
ww ww ww ww ww w
(ii) √ 𝑓 2 6 𝑓 + 3√ = 0 (iii) 3 2 20 23 = 0 (iv) 36 2 12𝑎 + (𝑎2 𝑏2) = 0
3. rha; l .entet jpy; -tpdhbfspy;

aTil.anijsj; l
etet
ail.ani.n xU ge;J flf;sFask; l ni.entet
ail.aJ}uk; 𝑑 .75 l ni.entet
ail.ambfshFk; . l ail.ani.n
etet
s
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p.apdt
vt; .wp.apda
w w w w
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v.fh.3.36 Fkudpd; jw;Nghija tajpd; ,Uklq;NfhL xd;iwf; $l;bdhy; fpilg;gJ> Fkudpd;
t .entetija taijAk; ni.entet 4 Mz;LfSf; t t t
l a il.ani.ente,uz;lhz;LfSf;laFil.aniKe; l a il.amthpd; l a il.aF g;e gpe;ija taijAk;
ni.en l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas dsaas sas
.wp.apdaada w .apdaada gjw;Fr; rkk; vdpy;
ngUf;ff;.pfpilg; .
w p.apdaa>damthpd; jw;Nghija .
w p.apdaataijf; fhz;f. (PTA-1)
.
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.3.37 17 mb ePsKs;s XH Vzp xU Rthpd; kPJ rha;e;Js;sJ. jiu> Vzp kw;Wk;
t nrq;
t Fj; J r; RtH %d; t Wt k; xU nrq; N fhz tKf;
t N fhzj; i j cUthf; te Ffpd;wd.
t Rthpd; entet
a l a il.ani.enembapypUe;J Vzpapd; a l a il.ani.ene mb Kid tiu a l a .ene s J}uk; Vzpapd;
il.anics; a l a il.ani.enNky; Kid Rtiuj;
a lail.ani.
s
a s sa s s
a s sa s s
a s
adaad ad
.wp.apda ijtpl mb 7 FiwT adaad adaad adaad
w w.wp.p njhLk; wcauj;
w w w.wp.p vdpy;> Rthpd;wcauk; w.wp.p fhz;f. ww.wp.p
w w w w w w
v.fh.3.38 XH ,lj;jpy; 2 md;dq;fs; $l;lkhf ,Ue;jd. Nkfq;fs; $bajhy;> 10 md;dq;fs;
t t t tvl;by; xU gq;Fn.entNjhl; t lj;jpw;Fg; gwe;nj.end. t t t
l a n
il.ai .en e Vhpf; Fr; nrd; w d.
l a n
il.ai e
.n e
l a il.ai e
l a il.ai e kPjKs;s %d; l a .ani.ente
ilW
a
adsa s N[hbfs; ePdhapy; a s
dsa tpisahbd vdpy; as
> adnkhj;
sa j md;dq;fspd;dadvz; as
sa zpf;ifiaf; fhz; adf a
sa. s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apa w .wp.apda w.wp.apa w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.3.39 nrd;idapypUe;J tpUj;jhr;ryj;jpw;F 240 fp.kP. J}uj;ijf; flf;f xU gazpfs;
e ntetnjhlHtz;bf;F .nxU entet tpiuT njhlHtz; entetbiatpl 1 kzp entet Neuk; $Ljyhfj; etet
sa sl aila. ni . Njitg;gLfpwJ.
s asl i.
aila gazpfs; njhlHtz; s asl . ni .
aila bapd; Ntfk;s> aslatpiuT ila. ni . njhlHtz;b
s as ail.ani.n
apd;
l
ada aa ada ada ada
w .wp.apda Ntfj;i.jtpl
w wp.apdad 20 fp.kP./kzp FiwT w .wp.apda vdpy;> ,U njhlHtz; w .wp.apda bfspd; ruhrhp wNtfq; .wp.apda fisf;
ww wwfpLf.
fzf; ww ww ww w
t t
gapw;rp -3.12 t t t
l ai l.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente 4 l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
1.adaadXHsaas vz; kw;Wk; mjd;dadjiyfP sas op Mfpatw;wapd; as jpahrk;
daadsatpj; vdpy; saas j vz;izf; fhz; sas
.wp . p .wp.apa a .wp. p 5 .wp.apda>adme; .wp.apdaadfa
w w w w w (PTA-6)
ww ww ww ww ww w
2. 12kP 16kP msTfs; nfhz;l xU nrt;tf tbtg; g+q;fhitr; Rw;wp ‘ ’ kPl;lH mfyKs;s
eilghij t t mikf;fg;gLk;NghJ> ni.entet mjd; nkhj;j t t G 285 rJu .kP
g;.ni.engug; lt;ltuhf mjpfhpf;fpwJ. t t
l a il.ani.ene
eilghijapd;
a mfyj; i jf;
a l a il.afzf; f pLf. a l a ila e a l a ilani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
Padasalai
ww 3. xU NgUe;J w w w
90 fp.kP. njhiyitr;wrPuhd Ntfj;jpy; flf;wfpwJ. mjd; Ntfk;w 15 fp.kP./ kzp
w w w
mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lhy;> gaz Neuk; 30 epkplq;fs; FiwfpwJ vdpy;> NgUe;jpd; Ntfj;ijf;
fzf;
l a ilf .entet
.anipLf. l a il.ani.ene
t t
l a il.ani.ene
t t
l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
adsaas a
adsa s adsaas adsaas adsaas
ww 4. xU ngz;zpd; ww taJ mtuJ rNfhjhpapd; ww taijg; ww Nghy ,Uklq;F MFk; ww . Ie;J w
Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; ,U taJfspd; ngUf;fw;gyd; 375 vdpy;> rNfhjhpfspd; jw;Nghija
taijf;etefhz; t f. t t t (PTA-4) etet
l a il.ani.n l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l ail.ani.n
s
ada as aas as s
ada as aas as s
ada as
w .wp5..apda20 kP tpl;lKs;sw.wpxU .apdadtl;lj;jpd; ghpjpapy; w .wp.apdafk;gk; xd;W nghUj; w pdag;dgl Ntz;Lk;. wVNjDk;
.wp.aj .wp.apda xU
ww w w w w
tpl;lj;jpd; ,U Kidfspy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s 𝑃 kw;Wk; 𝑄 vDk; fjTfspy; ,Ue;J fk;gj;jpw;F w w w w w
,ilg;gl;l njhiyTfspd; tpj;jpahrk; 4 kP cs;sthW fk;gk; elKbAkh? Mk; vdpy;> ,U
t t t t t
fjTfspypUe;
l a il.ani.ente J fk;gj;ij lavt; il.ani.etntesT njhiytpy; langhUj; il.ani.ente j Ntz;Lk; ? lail.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
.wp apdaada
. .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada . wp.apdaada
w w w w w tHf;f%y
ww 6. 2 2 vz;zpf;w iwfAila fUg;G NjdP wwf;fspd; $l;lj;jpypUe; wwJ $l;lj;jpd; ghjpapd; ww w
vz;zpf;if nfhz;l NjdPf;fs; xU kuj;Jf;Fr; nry;fpd;wd. kPz;Lk; $l;lj;jpypUe;J xd;gjpy;
vl;Lg; gq; F nfhz;l NjdPf;fs; mNj kuj;Jf;Fr; nry; tet fpd;wd. kPjKs;s tet ,uz;L NjdPf;fs;
kzk; i .ani .entet
fkOk; kyhpy; rpf; f i
pf; .ani entet ld vdpy;> nkhj;
.
nfhz; i .ani ej
. n j; NjdP f ; f spd; vz; i .an
zi.enpf; if vj;jid? alail.ani.ene
t t
a l a l a l a l a l a l a la l
ww 7. 70 kP ,ilg;gw l;w
l njhiytpy; cs;sww,U muq;Ffspy; ,ir ww xypf;fg;gLfpwJ. wKjy; w muq;fpy; w
4 ghlfHfSk; ,uz;lhk; muq;fpy; 9 ghlfHfSk; ghLfpwhHfs;. rk xyp mstpy; ,iriaf;
Nfl;f etpUk; t G k; xU egH ,U t muq; f q; f Sf; F ,ilapy; t vq; F epw; f Ntz; Lk;? (Fwpg;G xyp entet
msTfspd;
l a
te
il.ani.n tpfpjKk;> ,ilg; l a
te
il.anig.enl;l njhiyTfspd; l a il.atHf;
te
ni.en fj;jpd; tpfpjKk;lail.a ni.ente)t
rkk; lail.ani.
a s
a as a s
aa s a s
a as a s
a as a s
a as
adad adad adad adad adad
w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p w w.wp.p
w 8. 10 kP gf;f msTs; w s rJu tbt epyj; w jpd; eLtpy;> xU wrJu kyH NkilAk; w mjidr; Rw;wpr; w
rPuhd mfyKs;s ruis ghijAk; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. xU rJu kPl;l H Nkil kw;Wk; ghij
mikf; t
feteKiwNa &.3 kw;W t
k;ete&.4 vd;wthW nkhj; ejter;t nryT &.364 vdpy; etet> ruis ghijapd; etet
a
mfyk;
s sl ail.ani.nvd;d? s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n sa sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
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9. xU nrq;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; fHzk; 25 nr.kP. kw;Wk; mjd; Rw;wsT 56 nr.kP. vdpy;>
t .entetmsitf; fhz;f .il.ani.entet t t
Kf;Nafhzj;
l il.ani.ente jpd; rpwpa gf;flaj;il.ajnipd; l a l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
. wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w ww,Ugbr; rkd;ghLfspd; w ww w
ww v.fh.3.40 gpd;tw Uk; ww %yq;fspd; jd;iwkiaf; fhz;f. ww w
(i) 2 20 = 0 (ii) 9 2 24 + 16 = 0 (iii) 2 2 2 + 9 = 0
t t t t t t t t t t
l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene 2 l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
v.fh as
adsa.3.41 (i) ,Ugbr; rkd; a
adsasghL – (8 +4)dads+ as81 = 0 –apd; %yq;
a a
dsas;s nka; kw;Wk; rkk;
af as >
svdpy;
.wp.apda .wp.apdaigf; fhz;f. .wp.apa( +9) 2 + ( +1) .wp.apda+1 = 0 –apd; %yq; .wp.af aada
pds;
w ‘ ’ -apd; wkjpg; w (ii) w w nka;
ww ww ww ww ww w
,y;iy vdpy;> ‘ ’ -apd; kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
tet2 etet entet t
i.ente %yq;fs; ,y;li .ani.ente
t
i.ni.en
v.fhsa.3.42 ( 2+𝑞2) + 2saslail.ani.n 𝑞 ) + 2 + 2 s= a0il.ani.vDk; ail.annka; ily
ada slala asl rkd;ghl;bsw;asFl a
adsa sa
.wp.apda vdf; fhl; L apdaadaNkYk;
p.f.
.w 𝑞 w.w
vdpy;
aa
p.apdad> %yq;fs; nka;wa .wphdit
aa
.apdad kw;Wk; rkk; wvd .wp.apdaepWTf.
w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
gapw;rp -3.13
1. gpd;tiUk; t
ete,Ugbr; rkd;ghLfspd; etet%yq;fspd; jd;ii.akiaf; etet $Wf. etet etet
sasl al.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl al ni.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada aa aad=a 0 (iii).p√.apdaad2a 3 + 3√ = 0 .p.apdaada
.wp.apda(i) 15 + 11 +w.2 p.a=
pda0d (ii) 2 .p.apd1
2
w w w w ww ww
ww (iv) 9 2 6√ ww+ 2 = 0 ww2𝑏2 2 24𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 16𝑐
(v) 9𝑎 ww2𝑑 2 = 0, 𝑎 𝑏 ww w
2. nfhLf; i
t
.anif.eng;tegl;l rkd;ghLfspd; i ntet fs; nka; kw;W
.ani.e%yq; i k; tet vdpy;> ‘ ’-apd; .nkjpg;
.ani.enrkk; i
t
i.ente igf; fhz;f. lail.ani.ente
t
l a l l a l l a l l a l a
adsaa(5
apda(i)
s 6 ) 2 + 2 ap+ 1saa=s 0
daad (ii) apdaad2sa+as (6 +2) +16 = 0 adsaas
apda
sas
apdaada
w .wp. w .p
w . w .wp. w .wp . w .
w p.
ww ww ww ww ww w
3. (𝑎 𝑏) + (𝑏 𝑐 + (𝑐 𝑎 2 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; %yq;fs; nka; kw;Wk; rkk; vdpy;>
𝑏 𝑎 𝑐 eteMfpait t xU $l;Lj; t njhlHthpiria
t mikf; t t Fk; vd epWTf. .ni.entet (HY-19) t t
a l a il.ani.n a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a ila a l a il.ani.ene
ss adsas adsas adsas asas
Padasalai
apdaad𝑎a kw;Wk; 𝑏 nka; .wpvz;
.wp.4. .apdaf s; vdpy; > 𝑎 – 𝑏 .wp.a2pda 6 𝑎 𝑏 9 𝑎 .wp𝑏.apda -apd; %yq;fs;w.wpnka; .apdad
w w w w
ww kw;Wk; rkkpy;w
w
iy vd ep&gpf;fTk;. w
w ww ww w
5. (𝑐 2lail.a𝑎𝑏) ni.entet2 2(𝑎2 – 𝑏𝑐 + la il.𝑏

tet
ani2.en 𝑎𝑐 vd;w rkd; l a il.ang
tet
i.enhl; by; %yq;fs; rkk; l a ntetWk; nka; vdpy;>ail.ani.entet
il.ani.ekw;
a s a s as as al
. p.apdaa𝑎dsa my; y J 𝑎 3 +a𝑏da
. p. p 3ad
+
sa 3
𝑐 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 vd ep&gp.
. p.apdaadsa (PTA-6) .p.apdaad
sa
. p.apdaadsas
ww ww ww ww ww
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.3.43 2 – 13 + = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; %yq;fspd; tpj;jpahrk; 17 vdpy;> apd; kjpg;Gf;
e tet
fhz;f. e te t e te t e te t etet
s aslail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
ww v.fh.3.44
2 +w7w + 10 = 0 vDk; rkd; wwghl;bd; %yq;fs; 𝛼 w wWk; 𝛽 vdpy;> gpd;tUtdtw;
kw; ww wpd; w
kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. (i) (𝛼 𝛽) (ii) 𝛼2 + 𝛽2 (iii) 𝛼3 𝛽3
t t tet + t + t
.ani.ente(iv) 𝛼 + 𝛽 .ani.en(v) (vi)
4 4
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l l ai l l a il.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas sas sas sas
.
wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada . wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w w w w w
ww v.fh.3.45 3 2+7 ww 2 = 0 vd;w rkd;gwhl; wb d; %yq;fs; 𝛼 kw;wWwk; 𝛽 vdpy;> nfhLf;fwg;w gl;l w
kjpg;Gfisf; fhz;f. t t (i) + (ii) +
i .
a ni.entet i .an i ene
. i .
a ni entet
. t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a
ss l a l a l a l a l a l a l a a l a
apdaada asas asas asas asas
.wp.v.fh .wp.apdad .wp.apdad .wp.apdad .wp.apdad
ww
w .3.46 2 2
ww 1 = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;
w
wbwd; %yq;fs; 𝛼 kw;Wwk;w 𝛽 vdpy;> fPNo nfhLf;
w w w
wwfg;gl;l w
%yq;fisAila ,Ugbr; rkd;ghl;ilf; fhz;f.
(i)
te t , (ii) 2e𝛽, te t 𝛽2𝛼 (DMQ) entet(iii) 2𝛼+𝛽, 2𝛽+𝛼 t t t t
a l a i
l .
a ni e
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a l a i
l .
a ni . n
a l a i
l.an i .
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda .wp.apda -3.14
gapw;rp
w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
1. fPNo infhLf; etet fg;gl;l Nfhitfis etet 𝛼 + 𝛽 kw;Wk; 𝛼𝛽i.ani.ethapyhf

tet khw;wp vOJf. etet etet
s asl al.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl al n sasl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada daada aa aa ada
w.wp.apda(i) + w .wp.ap(ii) + w .apdad(3𝛼 1 𝛽 1w.wp.apdad (iv)
.wp(iii) + w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
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2. 2 2 7 + 5 = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; %yq;fs; 𝛼 kw;Wk; 𝛽 vdpy;> gpd;tUtdtw;wpd;
l ni.entet fhz;f (Fwpg;laGil.a:ni.ejPntHeT
kjpg;aGil.afisf; t Njitapy;iy) n.entet
l a i
l .ai l a i
l.ani.ente
t
l a i
l .ani.ente
t
adsaas +
apda(i) (ii)
sas
apdaada+ (iii)
sas
apdaada +
sas
apdaada
sas
apdaada
w .
wp. w .
w p. w .
w p. w .
w p. w .
w p.
ww ww ww ww ww w
3. 2+ 6 t– t4 = 0 –apd; %yq;fs; 𝛼, 𝛽 vdpy;> fPo;f;fz;t lt tw;iw %yq;fshff;t nfhz; l ,Ugbr;
i .ani ene
. i .
a ni.entet i .
a ni ene
. i .
ani enet
. t t
il.ani.ene
l a l l a l l a l l a l l a
dsas ghl;ilf; fhz;pf.ap.daadsas(i) 𝛼 kw;Wk; 𝛽 p.apdaadsas (ii) adsas(iii) 𝛼 𝛽 kw;Wk; a𝛽daa𝛼
a a 2 2 a a 2 2 a
arkd; kw;Wk; dsas
w .wp.apda w .w w .w w .wp.apda w .wp.p
ww 4. 𝛼, 𝛽 vd;gd 7 w2w +𝑎 +2 = 0 -apd; %yq; wwfs; kw;Wk; 𝛽 – 𝛼 = ww vdpy;> 𝑎-apd; kjpg; wwGf; fhz;f. w
(PTA-6)
tet tet tet tet .ani.ente
t
5. 2alail.an𝑎i.en + 64 = 0 vd;w arkd;
2
l ail.ani.egnhl; bd; xU %yk;alakw; il.aniw.enit Nghy ,Uklq; a l a .ani.envdpy;
ilF 𝑎-apd; kjpg; a lGa if;
l
s
dsa f.
afhz; adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. nka;naz;fis %yq;fshff; nfhz;l 3 + 2 + 81 = 0 vd;w rkd;ghl;bd; xU %yk; kw;nwhU
%yj;jnpd; etettHf;fk; vdpy;> .-apd; etetkjpg;Gf; fhz;f. i.ani.en(PTA-3) tet etet etet
l ail.ai.n l ail.ani.n l al l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
.wp.apda-3.16 -
sas s as s as s as s as
w
apdaada.3.51 to v.fh. 3.55:
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ada
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t
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t
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l .ani.ente
sas a
daadsas sas sas sas
.
wp.apdaajPdHaf;f: (
1. 5)
.
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w w w w w
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il.ani. e rkkhd khztHfs; il.ani. il.ani. khztHfspd; avz; i.ente
il.anz i.ai
a
sas l a
gphpTfspYk; a
sasl a ,Ug; gH. a
sasl a
gphpT sasl a pf; ifapd; 4 aklq; saaslalF
Padasalai
aad ad d ad d ad d ad d d
w.wp.p kw;Wk; gphpT .p.apa .api
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w
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w
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3. xU a%d; t t t ,l kw;Wk; E}whk;

ntehk; t t tet t t
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is
l ail.ani.en,lkhw; Wtjd; %yk;
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afpilf; Fk; Gjpa vz; s
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tet ,yf;fj;jpw;Fr; rkk; etet ntetvz;izf; fhz;f etet etet
a il.ani.en,l
gj;jlahk;
a l ail.ani.n vdpy;> nfhLf; flg;
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t kP.ngh.t. fhz;fn..entet t t t
Mfpatw;
l a i l.ani.entw
epd;
l a il.ai l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
sas sas sas sas sas
.wp.apdaada . wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
ww 6. gpd;tUk; tpfpjKW
w w Nfhitfis vspa w w w
ww ww tbtpy; RUf;Ff. ww ww w
(i) (ii)
a l a n
il.ai. en
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
dsas Ff:
apdaaRUf;
ss
aada adsas adsas adsas
w.wp.7. w .wp.apd(1 )
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w.wp.apda
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t .entet mUisg; Nghy t t t t
jdpj;
l a ilj i.ente
.andpahfr; Rj;jk; nra; l a anihy;
il.j l a i.ente
il.an,Uklq; F Neuk; kjd; l a
tvLj;
il.ani.ene Jf; nfhs;fpwhH. l a il.ani.ene
as
dsa > ,uhk;> mUspd;
aNkYk; a
asa s Neuj;ijg;Nghy as
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dsfhs;
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dsa s
w .wp.apdajdpj;jdpahf vt;wt.wpsT .apdadNeuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs; w .wp.apdathHfs;. w .wp.apda w .wp.p
ww ww ww ww ww w
9. 289 4 612 t
3 + 970 2 684 + 361 –apd; tHf;f%yk; fhz;f.
e te etet etet etet etet
aa aa ada ada ada
w .apdadjPHf;f √
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.wp.a
√ w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
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t t t t t
Neuk;l a il i.ente kzp Neuk; mjpfkhf
.an1.6 l a il.ani.ente vLj;Jf; nfhs;lf a il.ani.ente ePNuhl;lj;jpd; Ntfk;
pwJ. l a il.ani.ente4 fp.kP. kzp vdpy; l a il.an>i.ente
p . dsaas
apdaamirtw; w ePhpy; glfpd;
p.
sas
apdaadaNtfk; vd;d ? .wp.apdaada
sas
p.
sas
apdaada p.
sas
apdaada
w .w w .w w w .w w .w
ww ww ww ww ww w
12. 320 kP Rw;wsTk; 4800 r.kP. gug;gsTk; nfhz;l nrt;tf tbtg; g+q;fhit mikf;f KbAkh?
Mk; vdpy; t t> mjd; ePsk;> mfyk; t tfhz;f. t t t t t t
asas asas adsas asas adsas
w .apdadxU fbfhuj;jpy;w.wpgpw;
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gpwF w .wp.apda Fhpa
ww ww ww ww ww w
fhy msthdJ –I tpl %d;W epkplq;fs; FiwT vdpy;> -apd; kjpg;igf; fhz;f.
a l a il.ani.en a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
14. aXH s
dsa muq;fpy;> xU pthpirapy; adsa s cs;s ,Uf; dsa
iaffspd;s vz;zpf;if s
adsaj muq;fpy; cs;s
me; s
dsa j
ankhj;
w .wp.apda w .w.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww thpirfspd; w w zpf;iff;Fr; rkk;.ww xt;nthU thpirapy;
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nkhj;j thpirfspd; vz;zpf;ifia ,ul;bg;ghf;fpdhy; muq;fpy; cs;s ,Uf;iffspd;
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a il i.ni
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s
ada as s
ada as s
ada as s
ada as s
ada as
ww 15. 𝑓 ww vd;w gy;YWg;Gf; wwNfhitapd; %yq;fs; ww𝛼 kw;Wk; 𝛽 vdpy;> w fPw
o;f;fz;ltw;iw w
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l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.en la i
l .ani.ente
sas saas ghl;bd; %yk; d4 sas saas saas >
.
wp apdaada 2+
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. 4 = 0 vd;
.
wp.apwdaadrkd; .wp.apaadakw;Wk; 2+ .
w
𝑞.ap=
p daad0-apd; %yq;fs; rkk;
.
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.
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ww ww kjpg;Gf; fhz;f. ww ww ww w
t t myF. t t4 tbtpay;
t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
Padasalai
ww gpd;tUk; Njw;w wq;
w fis epWTf: ww ww ww w
Njw;wk; 1: mbg;gil tpfpjrk Njw;wk; (my;yJ) Njy;]; Njw;wk; (PTA-2)
t
.enteNfhz tet t t t t t t
il.ani3:
Njw;awslk;
a ,Urkntl;a la bni.enNjw;wk; (PTA-5)
il.a a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s daadsa s s s s s adsas
apdaadawk; 5: gpjhfu];.wp.aNjw; adaada Njw;wk; (PTA-1&2) adaada (HY-19) .wp.apda
w.wp.Njw; w p wk; (my;yJ) ngsjad; w.wp.p w.wp.p w
ww w ww w ww w ww w ww w
gpd;tUk; tNjw; t wq;fis vOJf: tet
(Only Statement)
n e
. n e
aila2: mbg;gil tpfpjrk
Njw;sawslk; . i l . ni e
. n
aila Njw;wj;jpd; kWjiy l ail.ani.entetyJ) Njy;]; Njw;
(my; l awil.anj;i.ej
t
ntepd; kWjiy saslail.ani.n
etet
s as s as s as
apdaadawk; 4: Nfhz ,Urkntl;
.wp.Njw; .wp.apda
ada
b Njw;wj;jpd;
aa
pdad
.wp.akWjiy
aa
p.apdad
(PTA-3)w.w .wp.apda
ada
w w w w
ww Njw;wk; 6: khw;w w w
W tl;lj;Jz;L Njw;wk;w (my;yJ) njhLNfhLw ehz; Njw;wk; (PTA-4)
w ww w
Njw;wk; 7: rPt th]; Njw;wk; ($w;W kl; Lk;)
e nte e ntet .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
Njw;awslk;i .
a la n8:
i . nkdpyh]; Njw; w
asl k;
a i
l .
ani .
($w; W kl; Lk; ) as l ail as l a il asl a i
l
s s s s s
.
wp.apdaada .
w p.apdaada .
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w w w w w
ww ww
v.fh.4.1 ΔPST~ΔPQR ww
vdf; fhl;Lf (i) ww (ii) ww w
(PTA-1)
t t t t t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a la il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ww v.fh.4.2 ΔABC ~ ww
ΔPQR Mf ,Uf;Fkh? ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.3 glj;
entet
jpypUe;J P –If; fhz;
entet
f t t t t t t
a l a i
l .
a ni .
a l ail.ani .
ww ww ww ww ww w

ada ada ada ada ada
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t t t t t
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v.fh.4.4 90 nr.kP. cauKs;s xU rpWtd; tpsf;F fk;gj;jpd; mbapypUe;J 1. kP tpdhb Ntfj;jpy;
. ni .entet i.ente
t
.anjiuapypUe; ntetgj;jpd; cauk; a3.6
.ani.efk; ntetvdpy;> 4 tpdhbfs;
.ani.ekP .ani.ente
t
l a i
l a ele; J nry; f pwhd; .l a i
l J tpsf; l F
a i
l l i
l l a i
l
sas sas saas fhz;f. sas sas
.
wp.apdaada .
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fopj;Jr; rpWtDila epoypd; ePs.
w p daad
j;.api jf; .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.5tet glj;jpy; 𝐴 = 𝐶𝐸𝐷 vdpy; > v.fh. 4.6 glj;jpy;> 𝑄𝐴 kw;Wk; 𝑃𝐵 MdJ
te t tet t t t t
a l a n e
i. n
il.a𝛥𝐶𝐴𝐵~𝛥𝐶𝐸𝐷 vd a l a
ep&gpf; n en
il.ai. fTk;. 𝑥–apd; a l a n en
il.ai. 𝐴𝐵-f;F nrq;Fj;aj l a il.ani.en.e 𝐴𝑂 = 10 nr.kPa.lail.ani.ene
hFk;
adsas kjpg;G fhz;f. adaadsas adsas asas adsas
w .wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp.apda p.apdadkw;Wk; 𝑃𝐵 = 9 w
𝐵𝑂 = 6w.nr.kP
w .wp.apda
nr.kP
ww ww ww ww fhz;f.
AQ –If; ww w
t t t t t t t t t t
ww ww ww ww ww w

ada 4.7 tbnthj;j Kf;
v.fh. sas s as
Nadfhzq;
a fs; kw;W ak;da𝑃𝑄𝑅-d; Rw;wsTfs;
s as s as
adKiwNa
a 36 nr.kP. kw; aWs a
dak;s
ww 24 nr.kP
ww. MFk;. 𝑃𝑄 = 10 wnr.kP w . vdpy;> w f.
-If; wfhz; ww w
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l ai l.ai l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente l a i
sas Kf;Nfhzk; daadsaa-apd; s gug;G = 54 nr.kP sasvdpy;>
2
𝐸 -apd;daagug;sasigf; fhz;f. (PTA-2)
sas
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w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.9 ‘ ’ kPl;lH ,ilntspapy; ‘𝑎’ kPl;lH kw;Wk; ‘𝑏’ kPl;lH cauKs;s ,uz;L J}z;fs;
cs;
tet sd. J}z;fspd; entet cr;rpapypUe;J ivjpNuAs; entet s J}z;fspd; entmbf;
et F tiuag;gLk; t t
a l a il.ani en
.
a l a il.ani .
a l a l.ani .
a l a i
l .ani .
a l a il.ani.ene
adsas s Gs;spapd; caukhdJ
sak; adsas adsasep&gpf;fTk;. adsas
Padasalai
NfhLfs; re;ajdpf; adF kPl;lH vd;agda ij
w .wp.apda w .wp.pa w .wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh. 4.10 & 4.11 – nra;Kiw tbtpay;
t t t t t t t t t t
il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
adsa -4.1
l a l a l a l a l a
.wp.apda
adsaas
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a
adsa s gapw;rp
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as
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adsaas
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adsaas
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1. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy;
ve;j et Kf;Nfhzq;fs; i.ni.entet
.ani.entj etet etet etet
tbnthj;
s asl a il it vd;gijr;aslala
s s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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ww -apd; kjpg;Gf;wwfhz;f. ww ww ww w
t t t t t
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w .w r papd; ww
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gpujpgypg;w i gf; fhz; f pwhs; . w .w1.25 cauKs; s w .
mg;
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a l a ila ne a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ss ss adsas adsas asas
apdaada
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w 6 kP cauKs; s
w F j; j hf epw; F
wk; w w s
ww ww ww ww ww w
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. xU NfhGukhdJ 28 kP ePsKs;s epoiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. fk;gk; kw;Wk; NfhGuk;
xNu NeHNfhl;by; miktjhff; fUjp tbnthj;j jd;ikiag; gad;gLj;jp> NfhGuj;jpd; cauk;
t t t t t t t t t t
fhz;af
a l il.an.i.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
ww 4. 𝑄𝑅-I mbg;gf;wfwkhff; nfhz;l ,U wKf; w Nfhzq;fs; 𝑄𝑃𝑅 wkw; w Wk; 𝑄𝑆𝑅 -apd; Gs;w swpfs; 𝑃 kw;Wk; w
𝑆-apy; nrq;Nfhzq;fshf mike;Js;sd. ,U Kf;Nfhzq;fSk; 𝑄𝑅.-apd; xNu gf;fj;jpy;
mike;J s; s d. 𝑃𝑅 kw; W k; 𝑆𝑄 vd; w gf; f q;fs;etet𝑇 vd;w Gs;spapy; etere; jpf;fpd;wd vdpy;>etet
i . ni.entet i . ni.entet i . ni.n i . ni.n t .ni.n
a
𝑃𝑇
dsa l a a
as 𝑇𝑅 𝑆𝑇 𝑇𝑄 vd
l
adsa l a l
asepWTf. a
adsaasl a l a
adsas
a l a l a
adsaaslaila
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
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5. nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy;> -I nrq;Nfhzkhff; nfhz;l Δ –apy;
t t t t t t t
e e
𝐸 lail.ani. vdpy; Δ
n ~Δ l a i
l
en e
.ani. 𝐸 vd ep&gpf;f. NkYk; l a i
l
ent
.ani. > 𝐸 kw;Wk; 𝐸 lail.ani.ente
e
l a i
l .ani.ente
p. dsaas
apdaaMfpatw; wpd; ePsq;fisf;
p.
sas
apdaada fhz;f. p.
sas
apdaada p.
sas
apdaada p.
sas
apdaada
w .
w w .
w w .
w w .
w w .
w
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy;> Δ ~ Δ 𝑃𝑄. 8 nr.kP.> 𝑃𝑄 4 nr.kP.>
t t t t t t t t t
l ail.a6.5
n en e n en e
i. nr.kP.> kw;Wk; 𝑃lail.ai. .8 nr.kP. vdpy;> lail.ankw; i.enteWk; 𝑄 apd; l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
a
dsas igf; fhz;f. p.apdaadsas
akjpg; a a
adsas a
adsas a
adsas
w .wp.apda w .w w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
7. nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;jpy;> 𝑃𝑅𝑄 MdJ rJuk; kw;Wk 𝑀 = 90°;
il.ani.enfeTk;. (i) 𝑃 ~ i.ni𝑄𝑀
vdpy;i>.nifP t ;fz;ltw;iw ep&gpf;
toe;f t t tet (ii) t t t t
a l a l a .en a l a a l a l a .en2 a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s
adsa 𝑃 ~ 𝑅𝑃 (iii) s
adsa 𝑄𝑀 ~ 𝑅𝑃 adaad(iv) s
sa 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑀𝑄 𝑅 d. adsa s adsa s
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.p w .wp.apa w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
8. Δ ~ Δ 𝐸 -y;> -apd; gug;G 9 nr.kP. > Δ 𝐸 -apd; gug;G 16 nr.kP. kw;Wk;
2 2
.1 nr.kP
t vdpy; > 𝐸 -apd; ePst k; fhz;f. etet etet etet
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
sas s as s as s as s as
apdaad6a kP kw;Wk; 3 kP.wp.ap
.wp.9. daada
cauKs; s ,uz; L .wpnrq;
aa
.apdadfj;jhd J}z;fw s;
ada
.wp.apda vd;w .wp.apda
ada
w w w w
ww jiuapd; Nky; ww glj;jpy; fhl;bAs;swthW w w
Cd;wg;gl;Ls;sJw vdpy;> .-apd; ww w
kjpg;G fhz;f. (PTA-5)
. ni e
.ntet .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l a l a i
l l a i
l l a il la i l
sas a
daadsas nra;Kiw tbtp saas sas sas
.wp.apdaada : 10 Kjy; 13.wp.atiu
Nf.vz; p .wp.apdaada y; .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.12 t
Δ
t
-apy; 𝐸 ,
t t
= > = – >
t t
𝐸= kw;Wk; 𝐸
t t
1
t t
n en e
il.ai. vdpy;> gf;fq;fs; n e n e
il.ai. kw;Wk; n e n e
. fisf; fhz;f. lail.ai.
il.aiq; n en e il.ani.ene
a l a a la -apd; a leP
a s a a l a
Padasalai
ww v.fh.4.13 Δ ww -apd; gf;fq;fs; wwkw;Wk; -y; mike; wwj Gs;spfs; KiwNa ww kw;Wk; 𝐸 w
NkYk;> = 5.6 nr.kP> = 1.4 nr.kP> = 7.2 nr.kP. kw;Wk; 𝐸 = 1.8 nr.kP.
te t te t te t t t t t
a l a n
il.ai e
.n vdpy;> 𝐸 lail.aivdf; fhl;Lf.
a
n e
. n
a l a n
il.ai e
. n
a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsa s adsa s adsas adsa s adsas
ww v.fh. 4.14 glj;jwpy; w
> 𝐸 kw;Wk; w
w
𝑃 vdpy;>
w
= w vd epWTf. ww w
(PTA-4)
i. ni.entet i . ni.entet i. ni.entet etet
ail.ani.nnr.kP
etet
ail.ani.n
v.fh. s as4.15
la l a glj; jpy; > -apd;
s asl a l a
,Urkntl; b MFk;
s asl a.l a 4nr.kP > s asl s asl
ada ada apdaada ada ada
w.wp.apda kw; W k; w .wp.apda6 nr.kP. vdpy;> w.wp.-iaf; fhz; f ? w .wp.apda
(PTA-5) w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.a4.16 entet t
.ani.entgeJ –apd;
t
.ani.ente,Urkntl;bahFk; .il.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
lail.ani. glj;jpy;> sas l a i
lvd;
saasl ail l a l a i
l
p.
ss
apdaada apdaada>
= 1 .pnr.kP
. aadW
14 nr.kP.p.apd
kw; k; 6 nr.kPp. dsaas
>apdaavdpy; p.
sas
apdaada
w .
w w w w w w .
w w .
w
ww w wW
kw; k; -If; fhz;fw. w (PTA-3) ww ww w
t t et tbtpay;
i.entiw t t t t t t
il.ani.ene4.18
v.fh.asla4.17, & 4.19: nra;
a l ail.anK a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsa adsas adsas adsas adsas
ww
w
ww
w
ww
w gapw;rp -4.2ww w
ww
w
w
1. –apd; gf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; -apd; kPJs;s Gs;spfs; KiwNa kw;Wk; 𝐸 MdJ
te t te t te t te t t t
𝐸 lail.ani.en vd;wthW mike;laJ
a a
i.ensJ.
il.ans; (i)
a l a il.ani.enkw;Wk; 15 nr.kP
a l a il.ani.envdpy; 𝐸-apd; kjpg; a l a il.aGni.ene
adsa s s
adsa 7 sa s daadsa s asa s
.wp.apdafhz;f. (ii) .wp.apda8 5 .wp.apdaad𝐸 4 kw;W.k;
wp.ap𝐸 .apdadkjpg;G
1 vdpy; .wp–d;
w w w w w
2. tet w
evd; xU rhptfj;jpy; t kw;Wk; 𝑃n.ent𝑄 et vd;gd KiwNai.ni.egf; tetfq;fs; kw;Wk; etet
l ail.ani.nkPJ l .ani.ente
ailGs; l ail.ai 𝑃𝑄 l la nnr.kP> 𝑄
a18 l ail.ani.n
s
ada a-apd;
s mike;Jas; s
dasas s pfs; MFk; . s
ada a
NkYk;
s > 𝑃 s
adaas 5 s
ada a
nr.kP
s
w.wp.apdakw;Wk; 𝑄 15w.wp.apda vdpy;>
nr.kP fhz;wf.wp. .apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
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3. Δ -apy; kw;Wk; 𝐸 vd;w Gs;spfs; KiwNa gf;fq;fs; kw;wk; Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ
t t t t t t t t
mike; l a il.aniJen e
. s;sd. gpd;tUtdtw; l a il
en e
.ani. wpw;F 𝐸 vd l a il.ani.en
epWTf.e 1 nr.kPl a il.ani., te
en 8 nr.kP> l a il.ani.ente
saas 1 nr.kP kw;Wk;dadsaas sas sas sas
.wp.apdaad𝐸 .wp.apa 18 nr.kP
.wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada .wp.apdaada
w . w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
4. glj;jpy; 𝑃𝑄 kw;Wk; 𝑃𝑅 vdpy; (i) = (ii) =
te t te t te t t t t t
vdaslaepWTf. n
il.ai. en
a l a n
il.ai. en
a l a n
il.ai. en
adsa adsas adsas adsas adsas
ww 5. Δ –apd; cs;ww Ns I xU Nfhzkhff; ww nfhz;l rha; ww rJuk; 𝑃𝑄𝑅 mike; wwJs;sJ. 𝑃 𝑄 w
kw;Wk; 𝑅 vd;gd KiwNa gf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; kPJ mike;Js;s Gs;spfs; MFk;.
1
il.ani.en
te t
nr.kP . kw; W k; 6
il.ani.en
te t
nr.kP vdpy; > rha; r Juj;
il.ani.en
tejt pd; gf; fq;fs; 𝑃𝑄i.ni𝑅 tet-iaf; fhz;f. t t
il.ani.ene
asl a a sl a asl a asl a l a .en asl a
s adsa asa adsa s
apdaada
.wp.6. .wp.apda .apdagdd KiwNa ,izaw;
.wpvd; .wp.apda w gf;fq;fs; .w aada
p.apdW
ww
w rhptfk; ww
w
-apy; 𝐸 kw; W
wwk; w
ww
w
ww
w kw; k; w
-d; kPJ mike;Js;s Gs;spfs;> NkYk; 𝐸 vd mike;jhy; = vd epWTf.
7. aglj;
da jpy; 𝐸
s as kw;W s a
adk;as 𝐸 vdpy; daada s as vd epWTf. s
ada as s
ada as
ww ww ww ww ww w
8. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Δ -apy; MdJ –apd; ,Urkntl;b MFkh vdr; Nrhjpf;fTk;.
t t t t tet t t
en e
(i) lail.ani. 5 nr.kP> 1 lanr.kP
i l
en
.ani. > e 1.5 nr.kPlailkw; .ani.enW k; .5 nr.kP l a il.ani.ente l a il.ani.ente
p. dsaas
apdaa(ii) 4 nr.kP p.
sas
apdaad6a nr.kP 1.6 nr.kP
p.
sas
apdaadakw;Wk; .4 nr.kP
p .
sas
apdaad.a p.
sas
apdaada
w .w w .w w .w w .w w .w
ww ww ww ww ww w
9. glj;jpy; 𝑄𝑃𝑅 90°, 𝑃𝑆 MdJ 𝑃 –d; ,Urkntl;b. NkYk;> 𝑆𝑇 𝑃𝑅
vdpy;l a .entet 𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅
il>.ani𝑆𝑇 l𝑃𝑄
a
t t
il.ani.ene𝑃𝑅 vd epWTf.alail.ani(PTA-2) .entet l a
t t
il.ani.ene l a
t t
il.ani.ene
a
adsas a
adsas adsas a
adsas a
adsas
Padasalai
ww 10. ehw;fuk; ww-apy; > ww kw;Wk; -apd; w w
Nfhz ,Urkntl;bfs;ww kw;Wk; w
Mfpa gf;fq;fis KiwNa 𝐸 kw;Wk; vd;w Gs;spfspy; re;jpf;fpd;wd vdpy;> 𝐸
vd epWTf. t t t t t t t t t t
s s asa s adsas adsa s adsas
apdaada .apdadtiu - nra;K .wp.apda tbtpay; .wp.apda .wp.apda
ww
w .wp.Nf.vz; : 11 Kjy;
ww
w .wp16
ww
wiw ww
w
ww
w
w
v.fh.4.20 et
entxU tpsf;Ff; fk;gij; tet cauk; 6 kP. mjd;
jepd; t
etembapypUe; J 8 kP i.annjhiytpy;etet cs;s xU etet
aalail.ani. a l al.ani.n a l ail.ani.n a l al i.n a l ail.ani.n
. p.a
pdaadsas g+r;rp> fk;gj;ap i
.wp.g+r;
s s
daajda Nehf;fp xU Fwpg; aas s
pdagdpl;l njhiyT wefHfpwJ.
p.apw;
.w .wp.apda
s
ada s fk;gj;jpd; cr; s s
adrapf;Fk;
.wpj.apdaNehf;fp
ww jw;nghOJ w r p ,Uf; F k; w
,lj; j F k; ,ilg; gl; l njhiyT> g+r; r p fk; g w
j; i
ww ww ww ww ww w
efHe;j njhiytpw;Fr; rkk; vdpy;> fk;gj;jpd; mbapypUe;J g+r;rp jw;nghOJ vt;tsT
njhiytpy; cs;sJ?
.ni e
. ntet .ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
.ani.ente
t
l a i
l a l a i
l l ail l a i
l l a i
l
sas sas dsaas . gf;fq;fs; p.apdaadskw; aasWk; as
dsas
.
wp.apdaada 4.21 Δ
v.fh. -apy;
.wp.apdaadaMdJ nrq;Nfhzk; . p
w apdaa
. MFk; .w -apd; eLg;
.wp . Gaas;
apd pfs;
w ww ww w w
ww w w
KiwNa 𝑃 kw;Wk; 𝑄 vdpy; 4( 𝑄 + 𝑃 ) = 5 2 vd epWTf. (DMQ) w w w w w
ene t t t t .entet s VzpahdJ laRthpd; t t t t

lail.ani. Rthpd; il.ani.en4e mb njhiytpy; il.anics; il.ani.ene cr;rpia 7ala il.ani.ene
saas4.22
v.fh. mbapypUe; a
ss l aJ a
adsas
l a a
adsas
mb
daadsasjrk
adaad aada
.wp.apd .wp.apda Vzpapd; ePsj;i .wp.apdafhz;f. tpilia .wp.apxU
w w.wp.p cauj;jwpy; njhLnkdpy; Njitahd
w wjf; w
w ,lj;wjwpUj;jkhf jUf. ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.23 entet t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene J tlf;F alail.ani.ene
t t t t
il.ani.ene
alail.ani. xU tpkhdk; tpkhdepiyaj;
a l a ij tpl;L la
a
NknyOe;
a l a
. p.apdaadsas s s
Nehf;fp 1.p.apdaadafp.kP kzp Ntfj; .wpj
s s
aada gwf;fpwJ.
.apdpy; .wp.apda
mNj adsa s
.wp.apda
adsa s
ww w w w w w
ww w kw;nwhU tpkhdk; w
Neuj;jwpy; w tpkhd epiyaj;i
mNj w tpl;L
wj ww w
NknyOe;J Nkw;F Nehf;fp 1200 fp.kP kzp Ntfj;jpy;
tet fpwJ. 1 kzp .nNeuj;
egwf; etet jpw;Fg; gpwF ,U tet
etpkhdq; fSf;F etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ailai.n s asl ail.ani.n sas l ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
ada ,ilg;gl;l njhiyT ada vt;tsT ,Uf; F a?
adk; ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
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t t -4.3 gapw;rp t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
p1.
. dsaas kdpjd; 18 kP fpof;
apdaaxU p.
sas
apdaadNaf nrd;W gpd;dH.wp24 apdaad
.
a
kPsastlf;Nf nry;fpwhd; p.
sas
apda.adanjhlf;f epiyapypUe; p.
sas
apdaadaJ
w .
w mtH ,Uf;Fk;wwnjhiyitf; w .
w fhz;f.www w .
w w .
w
ww ww ww w
2. rhuhtpd;etettPl;bypUe;J N[k;]epd; tet tPl;bw;Fr; nry;.yni.ente,uz; t L topfs; t t t t

cs;a l a
si l.ani
d. . n
xU top C vd;
a l a
w il.ani. n
njU topahfr; nry;
a l a il at jhFk; . kw; n whU a l a il.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
adsas asas adsas asas adsas
w .wp.apdatop B kw;Wk; A w .apdad njUf;fs; topahfr;
.wpMfpa w .wp.apda nry;tjhFk;.w.wp.aNeub pdad w .wp.apda
ww w
ghij C top wnry;Yk;NghJ njhiyT ww vt;tsT FiwAk;? ww(glj;ijg; ww w
gad;gLj;Jf)
t t t t t t t t t t
3. adsa vd;w Gs;spapy; ,Ue;
s asaJ s vd;w Gs;spf;daF adsr; s
a nry;tjw;F xUadaFsk; s
adsa topahf> ele;a s
sa y
J anry;
w .wp.apdaNtz;Lk;. Fsk;w.w p.apdad nry;tijj; jtpHf;
topNa w .wp.ap f 34 kP njw;NfAk; w .wp> .p41 kP fpof;F Nehf;wf.wppAk; .pdadelf;f
ww ww ww ww ww w
Ntz;Lk;. Fsk; topahfr; nry;tjw;Fg; ghij mikj;J mg;ghij topNa nrd;why; vt;tsT
kPl;lH njhiyT Nrkpf;fg;gLk; ? t
e ntet ete etet etet etet
sasl aila. ni .
s asl ail.ani.n s a sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
apdaada
.wp.4. vd;w nrt;t adapy;>
.apdaj
.wpfj; 17 daada kw;Wk;
.wp.apnr.kP
ada
.wp.apda 6 .wp.apda
ada
w w w w w
ww nr.kP vdpy;> nrt; ww tfj;jpd; ePsk; kw;W w mfyj;ijf; fzf;w
wk; w
fpLf. ww w
5. xU nrq; Nfhz
t Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; tfHzk; rpwpa gf;fnj;.ej pd;t klq;if tpl e6ntekPt. mjpfk;. NkYk;>entet
il.ani.ente i
l .ani.ente i
l .ai nte .ani.
ailpd; i.ani.
d a%d;
d
l a
saaswhtJ gf;fkhdJdadfHzj; l a
saas ij tpl 2 kP dFiwT adsaasl a vdpy;> Kf;Nfhzj;
d adsaaslj gf;fq;fisf; afhz;
d dsaaslalf.
aa aa aa aa aa
w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p w.wp.p(PTA-3)
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. 5 kP ePsKs;s XH VzpahdJ xU nrq;Fj;J RtH kPJ rha;j;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ. Vzpapd;
Nky; Kid t Rtiu 4 kP cauj; jpy; njhLfpwJ. Vzpapd; fPo;Kid Rtiu Nehf;fp 1.6 kP t
engteLk; tet Kid Rthpy; vt; t
tesT t
enNteehf; t
efHj;
a l a i
lj.
an g;
i . N ghJ> Vzpapd;
a l a i
l .ani eNky;
. n
a l a i
l .ani ent
. njhiyT
a l Nky;
a i
l .ani . f p efUk; vdf;
a l a il.ani.ene
dsas Lgpb. adsas adsas adsas adsas
Padasalai
afz;
ww ww ww ww ww w
7. Δ𝑃𝑄𝑅–apy; mbg;gf;fk; 𝑄𝑅 -f;F nrq;Fj;jhf cs;s 𝑃𝑆 MdJ 𝑄𝑅-I 𝑆–apy; re;jpf;fpwJ.
NkYk;>et𝑄𝑆 𝑆𝑅 vdpy;> 2 𝑃𝑄 entet= 2 𝑃𝑅 + 𝑄𝑅 vd
2 2 2
enepWTf. (PTA-6)
a i
l .
a ni . net a i
l .ani. a i
l .ani . tet
ail.ani.ene
t t
a
t t
il.ani.ene
asl asl asl asl asl
dsa
apdaaglj;
s
aadaNfhzk;
s
aada adsa adsa
w .wp.8. j py; > nrq; N fhz
w .wp.apdKf; .wp.apdNfhzk;
-apy;
w MdJ w .wp.apdaNfhzk;
nrq; w .wp.apda
ww kw;Wk; , 𝐸 vd; www Gs;spfs; gf;fk; ww-I %d;W rkgFjpfshf ww gphpf;fpwJ ww w
vdpy;> 8 𝐸 2 = 3 2+5 2 vd epWTf.
e te t etet etet etet etet
apdaada 4.24 3 nr.kP MuKs;
.wp.v.fh.
ada
.wp.apda s tl;lj;jpd; ikaj;
ada
.wp.apdajpypUe;J 5 nr.kPw.njhiytpy; w
aa
p.apdad cs;s Gs; .w daada J
p.appapypUe;
s
w w w w
ww w
tl;lwj;jpw;F tiuag;gl;l njhLNfhl; ww bd; ePsk; fhz; wwf. ww w
v.fh.4.25 ente5t nr.kP. MuKs;sail.antl; t

i.entelj;jpy; 𝑃𝑄 MdJ
t
.ani.e8nte nr.kP ePsKs;s laehz;
t ni.entet
.ani.ente MFk;. 𝑃 kw;laWil.ak;
lail.ani. l l ail i
l
a daadsaasa 𝑄-tpd; topNa sas
apdaadanry;Yk; njhLNfhLfs;
sas
apdaada 𝑇 vd;w Gs;spapy;
saasjpf;fpwJ vdpy;> 𝑇𝑃
apdaadre;
sas
apdaadavd;w
w.wp.p w .
w p. w.wp. w .
w p. w .
w p.
ww ww bd; ePsk; fhz;f.ww (DMQ)
njhLNfhl; ww ww w
v.fh.4.26
ail.ani.n
et jpy;>
etglj; MdJ i.n
a l
tl;
a
t
i.entelj;jpd; ikak;. la𝑃𝑄 tet
il.ani.enMdJ xU ehz; MFk;
a
t t
il.ani.ene. a
t t
il.ani.ene
l l l l
d adsaasa njhLNfhL ap𝑃𝑅 a
adsasMdJ ehz; 𝑃𝑄 a
sas
ad-Tld; a
adsas ij
𝑃-apy; 50° apdaNfhzj; a
adsas
p
w.w
a
. p a
w .wp. da w .wp.apda w .wp. w.wp.apda
ww wwjpdhy; 𝑃 𝑄 fhz;fw.w
Vw;gLj; ww ww w
v.fh.4.27 t glj;
i.ni.ene
t jpy;> Δ MdJ t t
il.ani.ene
xU tl;lj;ijj; t t njhl;Lf;nfhz;L .ni.entet
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
a
dsaaslal
a
tl;lj;ijr; daaRw;
d asl a
sawp mike;Js;sJ davdpy; d asl
sa > a
-apd; ePsj; i
a
d aslaila
sajf; a
adsa sl a
a d
a a da .wp.apda
w.wp.p fhz;fw. w.wp.ap a
w.wp.p
a
w.wp.p w
ww w ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.28 t,uz;
t L nghJ ikan.entetl; t lq;fspd; Muq;fns; tet4 nr.kP> 5 nr.kP .ni.entet
en e en etet
.ni .
laila MFk;. xU satl; . i
ilaj;jpd; ehzhdJ alakw;
aslal i . i .
s lanwhU tl;lj;j pw;sF laila
asj; l ail.ani.n
d adsaas d admike; d adjsapd; d adaf s
ada as
a
w.wp.p
a njhLNfhlhfa
w.wp.p
a jhy; mt; t l;
a
w.wp.p
l j;
a ehzpd; eP s k; fhz;
a
w.wp.p
a .
w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
. .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
a
w.wp.p
a .p.apda
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ww
a
w.wp.p
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da
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v.fh.4.29, 4.30
t
& 4.31: nra;Kiw tbtpay;
t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas sas a
daadsasGs;sp topr; nry; sas sas
.
wp.apdaada 4.32 xU Kf;N.fhzj;
v.fh.
wp.apdaadajpd; eLf;NfhLfs; .
w p.apxU .
w p
Y
.apdak;adavdf; fhl;Lf. .wp.apdaada
w w w w w
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.33 –y;> 𝐸 Mfpa Gs;spfs; KiwNa> -y; mike;Js;sJ.
tet Wk; tet ePsq;fs; KiwNa.ni.en13, t t t t kw;Wk; i.ani.entet
a l ail.ani.enkw; Mfpatw;
a l a i.enpd;
il.anw a l a ila e 14 kw;Wk; 15aMFk; l a il.ani.en.e =
lal
adsas adsas adsas adsas adsaas
w .wp.apda = .wp.apda>
vdpy;
w kw; W k; w .wp.apda f.
fhz; w .wp.apda p
w.w.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
v.fh.4.34n.entegy
t kuq;fisf; nfhz; entetl xU Njhl;lj;ji.a py;ete𝑃t 𝑄 𝑅 vd;w %d;Wetekuq;
n n t
fs; gpd;tUkhWetet
l a i
l. a i l ail. ani. a l
l jpy; n i . a i
l .
a n
l 𝑃 –Ak;>i . .ani.n
lakPilJ
a saas mike; J s; s d.a s
aa s vd; w Kf; N a saa
fhzj;s -apd; akP
s
a a
Js apd;
a s
a as
adad dad
> w.wp.ap apd; kPJ 𝑅 –k;
ad
p.apds adad apdad
w w.wp.p 𝑄 –Tk;w w w.wGs; pfshf cs;sd. w w.wp.pNkYk; 𝑃 kPw>w.wp.𝑄 kP>
w w w w w w
𝑅 1 kP> 𝑃 6 kP> 𝑄 5 kP> 𝑅 kP MFk;. kuq;fs; 𝑃 𝑄 𝑅 xNu NeHNfhl;by;
mikAkh vdr; Nrhjpf;fTk;.
e ntet etet etet etet etet
l aila. ni . l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n l ail.ani.n
s
ada as s
ada as
gapw;rp ada -4.4
s as s
ada as s
ada as
ww ww ww ww ww w
1. tl;lj;jpd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 25 nr.kP njhiytpy; cs;s 𝑃 vd;w Gs;spapypUe;J tl;lj;jpw;F
tiuagl; lt njhLNfhl;bd; ePsk; 24
t nr.kP vdpy;> tl;nl.enj;tejt pd; Muk; vd;d? n.entet t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l .ai l a i
l.ai la il .ani.ente
dsaas
apdaanrq;
sas
apdaada 𝑀 -apy;
saas
apdaadMFk;
sas
apdaada nrq;Nfhz Kf;.w
sas
apdaada jpd;
w .wp.2. N fhz Kf; N
ww
. p
fhzk;
w . =90°
w .wp. . xU tl;
ww l. p.
khdJ
w ww Np.
fhzj;
ww cs;Ns mjd;w gf;fq;fisj; njhLkhW ww tiuag;gLfpwJ. w nrq;Nfhzj;ijj; jhq;w Fk; gf;fq;fspd; w
ePsq;fs; 6 nr.kP kw;Wk; 8 nr.kP vdpy;> tl;lj;jpd; Muk; fhz;f.
t t t t t t t t t t
Padasalai
ww 3. glj;jpy; fhl;bwAs; w sgb> 8 nr.kP> 10 w w kw;Wk; 12 nr.kP gf;
nr.kP wwfq;fs; ww w
cila Kf;Nfhzj;jpDs; xU tl;lk; mike;Js;sJ vdpy;> ,
𝐸 kw;eWtek;t If; fhz;f. etet t t t t t t
a l a il.ani.n a l a il.ani.n a l a il.ani.ene a l ail.ani.ene a l a il.ani.ene
s s asa s asa s s s adsas
apdaada–it ikakhf .wpcila
.wp.4. .apdad .apdad
tl;lj;jpw;F w𝑃.wp–apypUe; J tiuag;gwl;.w l aada
p.apdnjhLNfhL 𝑃𝑄. 𝑄 .wp𝑅.apdaMdJ
w w w
ww w
tpl;lk; MFk;.w tl;lj;jpy; 𝑃 𝑅 = w
w
120° vdpy;> 𝑃𝑄 -If;wwfhz;f. ww w
5. njhLNfhL etet etet etet etet vd;gJ xU ehz; etet

s aslail.ani.n 𝑆𝑇 tl;lj;jpid s asl ail.ani.nvd;w Gs;spapy;sanjhLfpwJ.
sl ail.ani.n 𝑇 = 65°.
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
da >
avdpy; -If; pfhz; adaf. ,jpy; “ ”vd;gaJ adatl;lj;jpd; ikak; aMFk; ada . ada
w.wp.apda w .w.apda w .wp.pda w.wp.pda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. nfhLf;feng;tegtl;l glj;jpy; -itentetikakhf cila entl; lj;jpd; Muk; 5 entet

i .anMFk;
i. i .ani. 1 nr.kP vd mike; i . tet
.anij i .ani. i .ani.ente
t
nr.kP
sasl a l . 𝑇–ahdJ sasl a𝑇 l sasl a l xU Gs; s p kw; W l
k;a l l a l
apdaada apdajada 𝐸 –apy; ntl;L apdaada dsaas
apdaavd;
sas
apdaada
w .wp. 𝑇 ahdJ tl;wl.
w p
j;.i w .
w p.
fpwJ. tl; l j; jpy; .
w 𝐸
p . w .
w p.
ww ww ww ww ww
w
Gs;spapd; topahfr; nry;Yk; xU njhLNfhL vdpy;> w apd; ePsk; w
fhz;f.
t t t t t t t t t t
dsas L nghJ ika
7. a,uz; dsaslq;fspy;> 16 nr.kP
apdaatl;
ss
apdaadePasKila nghpa.wp.aptl; asj;jpd; ehzhdJ a6
daadsl s .
asanr.kP
pdad
w .wp.apdaMuKs;s rpwpa w .
w p. w .
w p. w w.wp .
ww ww tl;lj;jpw;Fj; njhLNfhlhf ww mike;jhy;> nghpa ww tl;lj;jpd; Muk; w fhz;
w f. w
8. kw;Wtk; t -I ikag; Gs;st pfshff; nfhz;l ,Ut t tl;lq;fspd; Muq;fs; KiwNa 3 nr.kP t t
ene enet ene entet ee
kw;asW
l a i
k;
l .
a ni . 4 nr.kP . MFk; . a sl ai
,it
l.ani . ,uz; Lk; 𝑃, 𝑄
a sl a i.
vd;
l ani . w Gs; s pfspy; ntl;
a sl a i
l .
b
a ni .
f; nfhs; fpd;wd. aslail.a𝑃ni.n
adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa f.
w .wp.apdakw;Wk; 𝑃 Mfpait
w .wp.apda tl;lq;fspd; ,UwnjhLNfhLfs; .wp.apda .wp.apda ehz; 𝑃𝑄-apd; w
vdpy;> nghJ
w
ePs .apdafhz;
.wpk;
ww ww ww ww ww w
9. xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; Nfhz ,Urk ntl;bfs; xU Gs;spapd; topahfr; nry;Yk; vdf; fhl;Lf.
etet (PTA-4) etet etet etet etet
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
. .
w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
w w w w w
a
w.wp.p
a .p.apda
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ww
a
w.wp.p
da .p.apda
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ww
a
w.wp.p
da
ww ww ww ww ww w
10. glj;jpy; cs;sthW xU Kf;Nfhz tbtf; fz;zhb [d;diy KOikahf
cUthf; tet xU rpwpa fz;z.nhbj;
.ani.enf
t
i.enteJz;L xU fiy i.ente
t
.anepGzUf; ni.ent.et
Fj; Njitg;agil.aLk; .ani.ente
t
l a i
l l a i
l a l a i
l l l a i
l
p . dsaasw fz;zhb Jz;
kw;
apdaafz; p. pd
aeP dsaas
Laafspd; ePsq;fisg; nghUj;
p.ap
a
daadsas J mtUf;Fj;.p.apNjitahd
a
daadsas p.
sas
apdaada
w .
w z hbj; Jz; bw .
d;
w s j; i jf; fzf; f .
plTk;
w w . w w w .
w
ww ww ww ww ww w
Nf.vz;: 11t Kjy; 16 tiu: nra;teKt iw tbtpay;
ni.enet
i.a il.ani.en
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
t t
il.ani.ene
d a
d saaslal a
adsas
l a a
adsas
l a a
adsas
l a a
adsas
l a
aa
w.wp.p .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda .wp.apda
ww gapw;rp -4
myF
w w w w
ww ww ww ww w
1. nfhLf;
a nteg;tgl;l glj;jpy; ail.ani.entet kw;Wk; 𝐸
il.ani.ef a ntet
il.ani.evdpy; a
t t
il.ani.ene a
t t
il.ani.ene
a sl a sl a sl a sl a sl
adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa
w .wp.apda (i) Δ 𝐸 ~wΔ.wp.apda (ii) = w.wp.apdavd ep&gpf;fTk;. w.wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
2. nfhLf;ftg;gt l;l glj;jpy; tet 𝐸 . 6 t nr.kPt > nr.kPt> t
e n e en en e .ene etet
s
. ni .
𝐸 aslaila4 nr.kP> 5 nr.kP
s asl . ni.
aila kw;Wk; 𝐸
s
nr.kP
asl . ni .
aila vdpy;> kw;Wk;
s asl ail.ani-d; s asl ail.ani.n
ada ada ada ada ada
w .wp.apdakjpg;G fhz;f. w.wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
3. MdJ tKf;Nfhzk; -apd; tcs;Ns mike;j nxU tGs;sp MFk;. t t

l .ani.ente l a i
l .ai.ente l a i
l.ani.ente la i
l .ani.ente
sas , kw;Wk; dadsaas -apd; ,Urkntl;dbadfs; sas > gf;fq;fs; sakw;
s Wk; -it KiwNa sas
p.apdaada p.apa p.apa a p.apdaada p.apdaada
w .
w 𝐸 kw;Wk; -y; .
w
w re;jpf;fpd;wd vdpy;w >w.w 𝐸 w𝐸
.
w vdf; fhl;L f.
w .
w
ww ww w ww ww w
4. nfhLf;fg;gtl;l Kf;Nfhzk; -apy; MFk; t . 𝐸 vdt
,Uf; Fi .
ani ente
.
khW kw; W k; 𝐸 i .n
vd;
a i entwet Gs;spfs; KiwNa
. i .
a ni entegf;
. f q; f s; kw; .entk;
il.aniW e t t
il.ani.ene
asl a l asla l asl a l asl a a l a
s s s s adsas
Padasalai
a
adaad -apd; kPJ mike; adJ a
aads;sd. a
ad Wk;
𝐸 adakw; a
aadpfs; xNu
ads
w.wp.p tl;lj;jpy; mikAk; w.wp.pvdf; fhl;Lf. w.wp.p
vd;w .Gs;
w wp.p w .wp.apda
w w w w w w w w ww w
5. ,uz;L ennjhlHtz; bfs; xNu Neuj; t t jpy; xU njhlHtz; tebt epiyaj;jpypUe;J.ni.eGwg; t t gLfpd;wd. Kjy;
tz; l a
b . tet F Nehf;fpAk;> ,uz;
il.aniNkw; la il.ani.enlehtJ tz;b tlf; l aFil.ani.enNehf; f pAk; nry; f l
pd; ailad.ne Kjy; njhlHtz;
w l a ni.entet
il.ab
a
adsa s s as a
adsas a
adsa s a
adsas
.wp.apda fp.kP kzp Ntfj; .wp.aj aada > ,uz;lhtJ tz;
pdpYk; .wp.apdab fp.kP kzp wNtfj; .wp.apda jpYk; nry;fpd;wwd. .wp.apda ,uz;L
w w w
ww kzp Neuj;jpw;w
w
Fg; gpd;dH mitfSf;wF ,ilNaAs;s njhiyT
w ww vt;tsT? ww w
6. t t ntek;t 𝐸 etet tet ni.entet

s asl il.ani.ene ikag;Gs;sp alakw;
a–apd; s s
il.ani.eW .
s asl ail.ani𝑎.n 𝑏
s a
𝑐ail.𝐸
sl ani.en kw;aWil.ak;
s asl
ada ada ada ada 2 + 𝑎 .pvd
aa
w.wp.apda 𝐸 𝑕 vdpy; (i) w .wp.a𝑏pd2a= 2 + 𝑎 + w .wp.apd𝑐a2 = 2 𝑎 +
(ii) w.wp.apda 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 = 2
(iii) w w .apdadep&gp.
ww ww ww ww ww w
7. 2 kP cauKs; tet s kdpjH xU .nikuj; tetjpd; cauj;ijf; .fzf; tet fpl tpUk;GfpwhH..ni.enkuj; tet jpd; mbapypUe;J t
20 kP
l a il.ani e
. n
njhiytpy; vd; w l a il a
Gs; .en
s papy; xU fz; z l hb
a il ani.en
fpilkl; l khf Nky; l a il a
Nehf; f p itf; f g; g LfpwJ.
l a il.ani.ente
p. dsaas zhbapypUe;J p.4
apdaafz; dsaasnjhiytpy;
apdaakP p .apvd;
a
daadsaws Gs;spapy; epw; pF.
sas
apdk;aadakdpjH kuj;jpd;.wp.apcr;
a
daadsarspapd;
w .w w .w w .w w .w w
ww gpujpgypg;igf;ww fz;zhbapy; ww KbfpwJ
fhz vdpy;w>w kuj;jpd; cauj;wiwjf; fhz;f. w
(kuj;jpd; mb> fz;zhb> kdpjH xNu NeHNfhl;by; cs;sjhff; nfhs;f)
tet t t i.ente
t entet t t
8. a30 a l
mba il.ani.encauKs; s xU a l a il.ani.ene mbg;gFjpapypUe;
J}zpd; a l a il.anJ 8 mb cauKs; a lsa il.ani.xU <K Nfhop l a
tpyfp
a il.ani.ene
dsas asas
pdad Nfhopapd; epoy;
asas
.apdad ele;J nry;Yk;w.wpjpirapy; .apdad
asas
pdad
asas
w .wp.apdaele;J nry;fpwJ.w.wp.a<K w .wpmJ mjw;F Kd; w .wp.atpOfpwJ.
ww <K Nfhopapd;wwepoypd; ePsj;jpw;Fk;> w<K w J}zpypUe;J ,Uf; wwFk; njhiytpw;Fk; w,ilNa w cs;s w
njhlHigf; fhz;f.
t t t t t t t t t
ail.anWi.ente a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene a il.ani.ene
9. adsaaslkw; k; vd;w Gs; s a
sslpfspy; ,U tl; l q; f s a
s;sl ntl; b f; n fhs; f pd; w d.
adsaasl xU tl; l j; j pd; kP
adsaa
Jsl
s; s
.wp.apdaGs;sp 𝑃 –apypUe; aada
.wp.apdtiuag; aada
.apdW .wp.apda .wp.apdlaj;jpid
w wJ g Lk; 𝑃 w .wpkw; k; 𝑃 vd; w wNfhLfs; ,uz; l htJ w tl;
ww ww ww ww ww w
KiwNa kw;Wk; -apy; ntl;Lfpd;wd vdpy;> -ahdJ 𝑃 topNa tiuag;gLk;
njhLNfhl;bw;F ,iz vd ep&gpf;fTk;.
ada ada ada ada ada
ww ww ww ww ww w
t t t t t
l a i
l .ani.ente l a i
l.ani.ente l a i
l .ani.ente
sas a
.
wp.apYour p
w apdaEmail
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w p.apdaada .
w p.apdaada
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10. vd;w xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gf;fq;fs; -apd; (my;yJ gf;fq;fspd; ePl;rp) kPJ
t tet cs;sd. t t ni.entet
KiwNal a i
l .ani.ente 𝐸 vd;w lGs;
a i
l i.enpfs;
.ans l a i
l .ani.ente 5 , 𝐸 𝐸 lail.ani.ente kw;Wk; l a i
l .a1
p. dsaas > Nfhl;Lj;Jz;pL.apdaadsaas–apd; ePsk; fhz;
apdaavdpy; p.
sas
afpd.aada p.
sas
apdaada p.
sas
apdaada
w .
w w .
w w .
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l i.ente
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tet
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l a il.ani.ente
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l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
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a gf;fq;dfads; a
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a
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w .wp.apa
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te te t t t t t t
a l a n
il.ai .en
a l a n
il.ai .en
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cs;Kw;wj;jpd; gug;G fhz;f (PTA-1)
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til.aUk;
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l a
et Nfhzk; vd;d? i.n(i)
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il.aniT l a l
tet
ai.en 0 (ii) 1 (PTA-3) l a
t t
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e te t e te t e te t e te t etet
sa sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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MFk;.
entet ni.entet i.ente
t ni.entet .ani.ente
t
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l a il.ani.ene
adsas asas adsas adsasa a
adsas
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Gs; l ni.entettopr; nry;Yk; lNeHNfhl;
sil.apfs;
a a
t t
il.ani.ene bw;Fr; nrq;Faj;laJil.ani.evdpy; ntet > -apd; kjpg;Gail.afhz;
l ni.entet f. (PTA-6) l a
t t
il.ani.ene
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e te t
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e te t
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t t t t t
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l a l as 3) kw;Wk;
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sas Mfpa Gs;spfs;dadvd; l a l
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sasFk;a l
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te t te t te t te t t t
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s s
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t tPLfs; njhlHr; t rpahf cs;sd. t
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t t t t t t t t t t
l a il.ani.ene l ail.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene l a il.ani.ene
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w p w .apdad Js;sJ. NkYk;
mike; w .wp.pdamNj Gs;spapypUe; w .w
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cr;rpahdJ 40° Vw;wf;Nfhzj;jpy; cs;sJ vdpy;> gPlj;jpd; cauj;ijf; fhz;f.
( tan 40° t = 0.8391, √ = 1.732 )t
.ani.ente .ani.ente etet etet etet
s asl a il s asl a i
l s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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l i.ente jpd;
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entfek; entetVw;wf; Nfhzj;jpYk; enteghHf;
t fpwhH t t t t
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w .wp.apda Ftpkhlj;jpd; Muk; w .wp.apdaMfpatw;iwf; fhz; w .wpf.ap.da ( √ = 1.732 w .wp.apda
) w .wp.apda
ww ww ww ww ww w
6. 15 kP cauKs;s xU NfhGuk; cs;sJ. xU kpd; fk;gj;jpd; mb kw;Wk; cr;rpapypUe;J
t t t t t
wi.ef;ntNefhzq;fspy; ghHj; .entet kpd;fk;gj;jpd; lail.ani.entet
a l il.ani.enejpd; cr;rpia KiwNa
NfhGuj;
a a l ail.ani.ene 60°, 30° vd;walVw; a il.an a l a .anihy;
ilj a
s
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v.fh.6.26 20kP cauKs;s fl;llj;jpd; cr;rpapy; xU tpisahl;L tPuH mkHe;Jnfhz;L
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s asl ail.ani.n jiuapYs;s sasxU l ail.ani.n ge;ij 60° sa,wf; s l ail.anif.enf;
s asl ailai.npwhH vdpy;> sfl; asl alil.alni.n
ada mbg;gFjpf; Fadk;a ge;jpw;Fk; ,ilNaAs; adas njhiyitf; fhz; adaf. (√ = 1.732) ad(PTA-3) ada
w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.apda w .wp.pa
ww ww ww ww ww w
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t ni.entet J Kjy; fl;lalillj; t cr;rpf;F cs;s t t
l a il.ani.ente fl;blj;jpd; cr;laril.papypUe;
a .ani.enj tepd;
l a il.ani.ente30° ,wf;ff;Nfhzk; la il.ani.ente
sas sas sas adsaas fl;llj;jpd; cauj; sas
.wp.apdaada MFk;. Kjy;
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w fw
. (√ = 1.732) w w w
ww ww
fhz; ww ww ww w
v.fh.6.28 50t
.ni.ente
kP cauKs;s xU t t NfhGuj;jpd; cr;.r papypUe;
t t J xU kuj;jpd; t tcr;rp kw;Wk; mb t t
ia il.ani.ene ilani.ene il.ani.ene il.ani.ene
saaslal a la
sas ff;Nfhzq;fs; KiwNa
Mfpatw;wpd;dad,wf; a
asas
l a 30° kw;Wk; 45° asl a
asavdpy; > kuj;jpd; cauj; a
asai
l a
s jf;
Padasalai
ad
aa
w.wp.p
d .wp.apa .
w p.apdad .
wp.apdad .
w p.apdad
ww fhz;wfw. ( √ = 1.732 ) ww
w w
ww
w
ww
w
w
v.fh.6.29ente60
t kP cauKs;s fyq; fiu tpsf;fj;jpd; cr;
entet
rpapypUe;J xUtH fly;
entet entet
kl;lj;jpYs;s ,U tet
asl ail. ani .
fg; gy; f is a
KiwNa
sla il. ani.
28° kw; W k; 45°
as a i
l .
a ni .
l ,wf;ff;Nfhzj;jpy;saasl ghHf;fpwhH. a i
l .ani .
xU a
fg;
s ani.en
lagil.y;
a sa a s
a a sa a a sa
adad .apdagdYf;Fg; gpd;dhy; apdad jpirapy; fyq;.w pdad tpsf;fj;Jld; wNeHNfhl;
p.aiu .wp.apda
d
w w.wp.p kw;nwhUw.wpfg;
w w w.wp.xNu w wf w
by;
w cs;w sJ vdpy;> ,uz;L fg;wgy;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaAs; w s njhiyitf; fhz; w f. w
( tan 28° = 0.5317 ) (PTA-1)
e te t etet etet etet etet
s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n s a sl ail.ani.n s asl ail.ani.n
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.ani.ente45° ,wf;ff;Nfhzk;
t ntet khWfpwJ vdpy; tet tet (fp.kP kzpapy;.n)i.entet
i
l i
l .ani.eMf il.an>i.englF nry;Yk; Ntfj;
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ww w ww ww ww w
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1. s50√ a ntet cauKs;s xU
il.ani.ekP a
tet
il.ani.enghiwapd; cr; r papypUe;
a
t t t
.ani.ente jpy; jiuapYs;
il.ani.eneJ 30° ,wf;faf;laNilfhzj; a .ani.ente
ils
t
a l a l a l a l
adas asas daadsas jpw;Fk; ghiwf; ss
aada,ilNaAs;s njhiyitf; adsas
w.wp.apda kfpOe;J xd;Ww.w p.apdadfg;gLfpwJ vdpy;
ghHf;
w .>wp.ap
kfpOe;
w .apdk;
.wpF w.wp.apda
ww fhz;f. w
(PTA-6)
w ww ww ww w
2. ,uz; .entet fl;llq;fSf;F lail,ilg;

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l a il .ani.ente Vw;wf;Nfhzk; lkw; a i l i.enk;
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t t t t t
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2. fPNo nnfhLf; etet fg;gl;Ls;s Kjy; t

5. 16 11 e6tet1 … vd;w $l;Lj;njhlHthpirapy; t t 54 vd; tgJ

13. xU i.FspHfhyj;ni.entet jpy; jpq;fs;i.f ntet Kjy; nts;asil.apf;

6. – 2, i.–ni.e4nte, t– 6 … 100 vd; i

3. RUf;Ff t (i) ÷ etet (ii)t ÷ t t

etet etet etet etet etet

3. fPo;f;fhZk; t t gy;YWg;Gf;Nfhitfs; t t KO tHf;fq;fs;.ni.evdpy; t t 𝑚 kw;Wk; -apd; t tkjpg;G fhz;f t t

tet tet -3.9etet

v.fh. la3.26 t t t t (PTA-6) t t t t t t

v.fh. 3.28 t jPHf;f :

(i) 9 2 e–te12 +4=0 (ii) = 3et+2 (PTA-3)

3. rha; l .entet jpy; -tpdhbfspy;

5. (𝑐 2lail.a𝑎𝑏) ni.entet2 2(𝑎2 – 𝑏𝑐 + la il.𝑏

1. fPNo infhLf; etet fg;gl;l Nfhitfis etet 𝛼 + 𝛽 kw;Wk; 𝛼𝛽i.ani.ethapyhf

3. xU a%d; t t t ,l kw;Wk; E}whk;

%yq;fshff; t nfhz;l gy;YWg; Gf;t Nfhitiaf; fhz;f .t (i) 𝛼 + 2, 𝛽 + 2 tet (ii) , t

etet etet etet etet etet

etet etet etet etet etet

v.fh.4.8n.entet MdJ 𝐸 -f;F ttbnthj;jit. NkYk; t> =3 nr.kP> 𝐸 =4 t nr.kP kw;Wk; t

ene t t t t .entet s VzpahdJ laRthpd; t t t t

2. rhuhtpd;etettPl;bypUe;J N[k;]epd; tet tPl;bw;Fr; nry;.yni.ente,uz; t L topfs; t t t t

v.fh.4.25 ente5t nr.kP. MuKs;sail.antl; t

5. njhLNfhL etet etet etet etet vd;gJ xU ehz; etet

6. nfhLf;feng;tegtl;l glj;jpy; -itentetikakhf cila entl; lj;jpd; Muk; 5 entet

3. MdJ tKf;Nfhzk; -apd; tcs;Ns mike;j nxU tGs;sp MFk;. t t

6. t t ntek;t 𝐸 etet tet ni.entet

e ntet Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G.ni.e22

v.fh.as5.5 .entet miwapd;

v.fh.5.10n.en(tet2, 2), (5, 8) vd;w Gs;st pfs; topr; nry;Yk;eteNeHNfhL

2. gpd; l ni.entetrha;Tfisf; nfhz;

v.fh.5.25 tet t t > vjpH FwpAk;.nicila t t ni.entet Vw;gLj;jp> (5,la7) t t

t t t ni.entet etet etet

4. 5e7tet 4 1 ete6) t kw;Wk; 4 5 Mfpatw; et iw Kidfshff; t nfhz;l etet

8. .entet 7 vd;w NeHNfhl; bidr;t t rkjs Mbahff; t t nfhz;L vd;w .(3, t 8)

2. xU rhiyapd; t ,UGwKk; ,ilntspNa t ,y;yhky;entethpirahf

2. ,uz; .entet fl;llq;fSf;F lail,ilg;

5. xU .nfyq; t t fiu tpsf;fj;jpd;.ni.ecr; t t rpapypUe;J vjpnujpH t tgf;fq;fspy; cs;s.ni.e,uz; t t L fg;gy;fs; 30° t t

4. Muk; tet kPl;lUk;> cauk; .ni15 t t .entet $k;G tbtf; lanfhs; t t t t

t tet etet etet etet

3. cauk;ete2.4 nr.kP. kw;Wk; tpl;tetlk; 1.4 nr.kP. nfhz; entel

7. ,uz; l a il .enterPt uhd gfilfs; laKiwahf

etet etet etet etet etet

etet ee t t n.entet n.entet n.entet

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