STUDY OF RETROFITTING OF BEAM

COLUMN JOINTS WITH CFRP

COMPOSITES UNDER CYCLIC
LOADING

guided by presented by
Ms.Megha Vijayan Sruthi K
15pgscm10

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 INTRODUCTION

• Beam-column joint deformations and strength affect the overall

performance and load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete
structures.

• Beam-column joints are particularly vulnerable to failures during

earthquakes.

• Therefore retrofitting of beam column joints is needed to maintain

structural safety and reliability.

• Seismic retrofitting of buildings is a relatively new activity for most

structural engineers.

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• Reinforced concrete or steel jacketing are commonly used
retrofitting techniques

• Availability of qualified workmanship, labour intensive, need for

meticulous detailing and increased dimensions are various
difficulties.

• A new technique has emerged recently which uses fiber reinforced

polymer sheet to strengthen the beam- column joint.

• FRP materials have many favorable characteristics such as ease to

install, immunity to corrosion, high strength, availability in sheets
etc.
• The details of the finite element analysis of beam-column joints
retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP)
carried out using the package ANSYS are presented in this project.
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 OBJECTIVE

 To study contribution of the CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer)

retrofitting to behaviour of exterior beam column joints under cyclic
loading

To analyse Load deflection graph of non-retrofitted specimen and

retrofitted specimen

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 LITERATURE REVIEW
Ma’en S. Abdel-Jaber, Anis S. Shatanawi(2007) conducted an
experimental study to improve shear strength of beams using CFRP
plates.

The application of two horizontal CFRP strips over the shear span
and tension zone appears to be an efficient method of shear
strengthening.

Moderate surface treatment for concrete before FRP bonding allows

FRP to do its job in a proper way.

A.Bukhari, R. L. Vollum, (January 2010) tested seven numbers of

two-span concrete continuous beams with rectangular cross-sections
experimentally.

Result shows shear strength of the beams was significantly increased

by the CFRP sheet and that it is better to orientate the FRP at 450 to
the axis of the beam.
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Mohamed H. Mahmoud, Hamdy M. Afefy( January 2013) presented
an experimental study for the structural performance of reinforced
concrete (RC) exterior beam–column joints rehabilitated using carbon-
fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP).

A.Ilki , C. Demir, M. Comert (September 2014) conducted structural

tests at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) on retrofitting of beam
column joints built with low strength concrete and plain bars by FRP
sheets.

One reference specimen , one welded specimen a welded retrofitted

specimen were made and welded retrofitted specimen has more lateral
force capacity compared with other specimens.

Minakshi Vaghani , Dr. S.A. Vasanwala(April 2014) :RC beam

column specimen was casted and tested for excitation of cyclic loading.
Performance evaluated through hysteretic behaviors such as ductility,
energy dissipation capacity, strength deterioration, and stiffness
degradation. 6
RESEARCH GAP
•From the literatures it is studied that retrofitting of beam column
joint with CFRP performs well in seismic forces.
•Effectiveness of retrofitting is to be studied well.
•Some experimental studies and STAAD Pro. analyses are carried
out based on the topic.
•And some ansys studies also are done for beam column joints with
hinged supports and gradually applied load but there is no studies
relating to retrofitting of RC joints with CFRP composites under
cyclic loading in ansys.

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 CFRP

• CFRP is an extremely strong and light fiber reinforced plastic which

contain carbon fibers.
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Expensive
• Commonly used wherever high strength to weight ratio and rigidity
are required
• Used in aerospace, automotive, civil engineering, and sports
• Manufacture of CFRP
1. Molding
2. Vacuum bagging
3. Compression molding
4. Filament winding

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• ADVANTAGES OF CFRP • DISADVANTAGES OF CFRP
– High strength – Cost
– High performance – Mechanical damage
– Easy to transport
– Versatile design of systems
– Easy and reliable surface
preparation
– Reduced mechanical fixing
– Durability of strengthening
system
– Improved fire resistance
– Reduced construction
period 9
 BEAM COLUMN JOINTS

• In RC buildings, portions of columns that are common to beams at

their intersections are called beam- column joints.
• In a moment resisting frame, three types of joints can be identified
,interior joint, exterior joint and corner joint.

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11
 Why beam column joints are special

• Since their constituent materials have limited strength, the joints

have limited force carrying capacity.

• When forces larger than these are applied during earthquakes, joints
are severely damaged.

• Repairing damaged joint is difficult, and so damage must be

avoided. Thus beam column joints must be designed to resist
earthquake effects.

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 Earthquake behaviour of joints

• Under earthquake shaking, the beams adjoining a joint are subjected

to moments in the same direction .

• Under these moments, the top bars in the beam column joints are
pulled in one direction and the bottom ones in the opposite direction.

• If the column is not wide enough or if the strength of concrete in

the joint is low, there is insufficient grip of concrete on the steel
bars.

• In such circumstances, the bar slips inside the joint region, and
beams loose their capacity to carry load.

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• Under the action of the above pull-push forces at top and bottom
ends one diagonal length of the joint elongates and the other
compresses .
• If the column cross-sectional size is insufficient, the concrete in the
joint develops diagonal cracks.

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 METHODOLOGY

• Literature review
• Objectives
• Modeling and analysis
• Results and discussion
• Conclusion

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 MODELING AND ANALYSIS
•Non–linear analysis was done for beam-column specimens.

•Finite Element modeling of beam-column joints in ANSYS

consist of three stages:
i. Selection of element type
ii. Assigning material properties
iii. Modeling and meshing the geometry

Details of Material ANSYS

Element No Element
1 Concrete Solid 65
2. Steel Link 8
3. FRP Sheet Solid 45
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 ELEMENT TYPE MATERIAL PROPERTY

Solid 65 Modulus of elasticity 5360MPa

Poisson ratio 0.18
Density 25000N/m3
Link 8 Modulus of elasticity 2x105 MPa
Poisson ratio 0.3
Density 78500N/m3
Solid46 Modulus of elasticity X direction 2.3x1011Pa
Modulus of elasticity X direction 1.79x1010Pa
Modulus of elasticity X direction 1.79x1010Pa
Poisson’s ratio XY 0.2
Poisson’s ratio YZ 0.3
Poisson’s ratio XZ 0.3
Shear modulus XY 1.79x1010Pa
Shear modulus YZ 1.79x1010Pa
Shear modulus XZ 6.88x109Pa
Density 17000kg/m3 17
Structure Dimension:
o Size of the column 150 x 200 mm
o Size of the beam 150 x 200 mm
o Height of column 800 mm
o Length of the beam 600 mm
Reinforcement Details:
Column: 4 no’s of 12 mm diameter longitudinal bars and 6mm
diameter stirrups @ 100mm C/C distance.

Beam: 4 no’s of 12 mm diameter bars and 6mm diameter stirrups

@ 100 mm C/C distance.

25mm cover is provided.

Material Properties:M20 concrete, Fe 415 steel

CFRP details:2 layers are provided with 1.5mm thickness

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Beam column joints modelled in ansys Beam column joint with CFRP modelled
in ansys

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Meshed models

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Application Of Loads And Boundary Conditions:
•Both the column ends were provided with fixed boundary
conditions

•Static load was applied at the free end of the cantilever beam
at a regular load interval of 10 kN up to 60kN.

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Deflection(mm)
Load(N)
Non-retrofitted specimen Retrofitted specimen

0 0 0

10000 1.03 0.6028

20000 2.72 1.3370

30000 5.2 2.2454

40000 5.58 3.6062

50000 6.93 5.0106

60000 5.9673

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 Total deformation of specimens

•Deformation is more near the free end of the beam

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 Load deflection graph: Non-retrofitted specimen

60000.00

50000.00

40000.00
Load(N)

30000.00

20000.00

10000.00

0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00
10000.00
Deflection(mm)

•Figure shows after four cycles of loading, the specimen fails.

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 Load deflection graph: Retrofitted specimen

70000

60000

50000
Load(N)

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0.0000 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 6.0000 7.0000
Deflection(mm)

•Here the specimen fails only after completing the fifth cycle
of loading.
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 Load-Deflection curve of specimens

70000

60000

50000
Load(N)

40000

with cfrp
30000
without cfrp
20000

10000

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Deflectiom(mm)

•Deflection of retrofitted specimen is reduced by 27.7%. So the

load carrying capacity of retrofitted specimen is improved.

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 Stress – Strain curve

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Stress(N/mm^2)

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without cfrp
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with cfrp

0
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009
Strain

•The maximum stress on joint of control specimen is 23.225MPa and

maximum stress on retrofitted specimen is 19.926MPa.

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 CONCLUSION

• Beam column joint and CFRP retrofitted beam column joint are
analysed using ansys software.
• From load deflection curve, it is clear that beam column joint fails in
fourth cycle of load. Retrofitted specimen fails only after fifth cycle
of loading.
• CFRP improves confinement of concrete that in turn delays the
failure of concrete.
• Deflection of retrofitted specimen is reduced by 27.7%. So the load
carrying capacity of retrofitted specimen is improved.

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•The deformation of joint is more in non-retrofitted specimen than
CFRP retrofitted specimen.

•The stress is more in joint of non-retrofitted specimen than

retrofitted specimen.

•In CFRP retrofitted specimen, failure shifts from column region

to beam region which prevents sudden failure.

•Use of CFRP sheets is simple and fast method to strengthen beam

column connections.

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 REFERENCES

1) Kannan P; Seismic Strengthening Of Exterior Rc Beam-Column

Joints By advanced Ferrocement Jacketing. International Journal
Of Innovative Research In Science, Engineering And
Technology;Volume 2, Special Issue 1, December 2013
2) Giuseppe Santarsiero & Angelo Masi; Seismic Performance Of Rc
Beamcolumn Joints Retrofitted WithSteel Dissipation Jackets;
Engineering Structures · December 2014
3) N. Attari; Efficiency Of Beam–Column Joint Strengthened By Frp
Laminates; 2009
4) A. Ilki; Retrofit Of Rc Joints With Frp Composites;
5) M12.1 Typical Applications of FRP Composites in Civil
Engineering

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6) Dr.S.R.Uma; Seismic Behavior of Beam Column Joints in
Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frames; IITK-GSDMA
Project on Building Codes; EQ31-V1.0
7) C.P. Pantelides; Seismic Rehabilitation Of Rc Frame Interior
Beam-Column Joints With Frp Composites; The 14thworld
Conference On Earthquake Engineering October 12-17, 2008,
Beijing, China
8) C.P. Pantelides and J. Gergely; Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced
Concrete Beam-Column T-Joints in Bridge Piers with FRP
Composite Jackets
9) Jong-Wha Bai;Seismic Retrofit for Reinforced Concrete Building
Structures; Mid-America Earthquake Center CM-4: Structure
Retrofit Strategies; August 2003
10) Suhasini M Kulkarni; Cyclic Behavior of Exterior Reinforced
Beam-Column Joint with Cross-Inclined Column Bars; IOSR
Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE);
Volume 11; Augest 2014
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