Formula sheet – Introduction to analog electronic circuits

Diode

Cathode Anode

K A
n p

E for p  0 E for n  0

n+ vD / VT p
n p ( 0)  n po e
npo>> pno
K iD A
Thermal equilibrium
concentration
*
npo
"open"
pno
Depletion
region Ln Diffusion length

x
0

vD

 * 
n p (0)  n po
i D  j D A  Dn q A
Ln

 * 

n p oe v D / VT
 n po id di
(1)  Dn q A (3) gd   D
Ln vd dvD Q

A Dn q n po
( e vD /VT  1)  I DS ( e vD / VT  1)
L
n 
 I DS

kT 1
(2) VT   26 mV (4) rd 
q T 300 K gd
BJT

Injection Extraction
W
W'

n++ p+ n
*

E iE iC C

iB iR
pCo vCE
nBo
pEo

B'

rB C C
p
n
B
B B
iB p
n n
p
E E

Large-signal equivalent circuit (model):

IC

hfeib C ic
i'c
gmv'be

IC i"c
IB
IB VCE VCE
rb
B B' IC
vce
ib i'c ro
V re
ib IB hrevce
IB i"C

ib

E IE
VBE+ v'be

nBo ev BE / VT nBo
iC  Dn q ABE  iR ABE ev BE / VT
Dn q
iC
(1) w (4) F   w
iB D p q ABE pEo v BE / VT
e
L pE

D p q ABE pEo iC
(2) iB  (ev BE / VT  1) (5) F 
L iE

 pE

i BS i B i BS
 ic
(3) iE  iC  iB  ICS evBE / VT  I BS evBE / VT (6) h fe   F
ib Q , v ce 0

ic 1 ib
(7) f  (10) 
ie hie vbe v
Q , vce 0 ce 0

1 i 1 ic
(8)  e ( 11) hoe  
re vbe v roe vce
ce 0 Q , ib 0

ic vbe
(9) gm  (12) hre 
vbe vce Q , ib  0
Q , vce  0

(12) Miller theorem for currents:

i ki i ki

(1+k) Z 1+k Z
Z
k
vin vo vin vo
V V V

FET
 I *DSS
iD  ( vGS  Vt ) 2 (1  v DS / V A )
Vt (1  V *DS / V A )
2

1  v DS / V A id
(1)  I *DSS (1  vGS / Vt ) 2 (3) gm 
1  V *DS / V A vgs
 Q , v ds  0
I DSS

 I DSS (1  vGS / Vt ) 2

VA  VDS
(2) VDS  V p  VGS  Vt (active region) (4) ro 
ID

Differential Amplifier

v a  vb Av
(1) v  va  vb (2) vcm  (3) CMRR  20 log10
2 Avcm

Feedback

so AOL
(1) ACL  G  G fwd 
ss 1  AOL 

s'  so so s  s 

(2) G  (3)  fwd  (4) AOL  (5)    (6) RR  AOL    
ss s s so s

Blackman formula:

1  RRSC DSFSC
(7) Rx  Rx  Rx
1  RROC DSFOC

Positive feedback oscillators

Barkhausen criterion

AOL
(1) H ( s)  (2) AOL  ( j1 )  1
1  AOL  ( s)
 ZXTAL(j)

jLXTAL
Inductor


s 1 p

Capacitor

1
s R  0

LCs

Parallel RLC circuit

 2 L '2
R  R '(1  ) 0  R '(1  Q 2 )
1 R 0 1 R '2
0  ; Q ;    ;
LC 0 L 2Q 2 RC R '2 1
L  L '(1  2 2 ) 0  L '(1  2 )
 L' Q
 High frequency response

(VBE  v be ) / V
n Bo e T

n++ p+ n
VBE / V
T
n Bo e dQd
E iE iC VCE C

iB iR
pCo
nBo
pEo

Cj B' C

rB
Cd
B
C iB

B' E   B' C  

dQ j dQ d dQ j

C j  C d  C 
dv dv dv 

C C

rB
B
B'

C