UNIT 2

Verbs
Page 24
 Verb forms

auxiliaries + bare infinitive

be + present participle / past participle

have / has / had + past participle

 Auxiliaries + bare infinitive
Auxiliaries: will, would, shall, should, can, must, could,….
3 forms of verbs
(+) S + auxiliaries + bare infinitive (V)
(-) S + auxiliaries + not + bare infinitive (V)
(?) auxiliaries + S + bare infinitive (V)
EX:
You should exercise every day to get good health
He couldn’t do that difficult homework by himself
Can we smoke here?
 be + present participle / past participle

Be + present participle be + past participle

(Be + V-ing) (Be + V3/V-ed)
He is reading a book The contract was signed yesterday
They are playing games The meeting is hold every month
 Presentparticiples are
used after the verb to  Pastparticiples are used after
be in continuous tenses the verb to be to denote a
to express an active passive meaning.
meaning.
have / has / had + past participle
have / has + past participle Had + past participle

We have moved to New York We had finished the

since last July. project before yesterday.

 have / has  Had+ past participle to

+ past participle form the past perfect
to form the present tense

perfect tense
 Verbs
Intransitive Transitive
Verbs (Vi) Verbs (Vt)

Complete Incomplete Incomplete

Complete Vt
Vi Vi Vt
 Types of intransitive verbs
The performance begins in 15 minutes
The performance begins in 15 minutes

S V M
begins: A complete intransitive verb

 A complete intransitive verb is complete in meaning by itself;

it doesn't need any object or complement at all
The performance begins.
The performance begins in 15 minutes.
Mr. Railey is the manager of the Sales Department.
Mr. Railey is the manager of the Sales Department.
S V (be) C
be is an incomplete intransitive verb;
 Anincomplete intransitive verb is not complete in meaning
by itself.
the noun manager tells us who Mr. Railey is.
Incomplete intransitive verbs are followed by complements,
which can be a noun or an adjective in most of the cases.
A complement helps describe or give information about the
subject.
Note: Some Intransitive verbs with adjectives as subject complements

become / come / fall / get / go / grow / make / run / turn

remain / hold / keep / lie / stand / stay

seem + (to be) / appear + (to be) / turn out + (to be)

feel/look / smell / sound / taste

 Intransitive
Verbs (Vi)

Complete Vi Incomplete Vi
 Intransitive verb + prep + object
We are waiting for the results of the experiments.
We are waiting for the results of the experiments.
Vi+ prep + object
 Some Vi always take a fixed preposition followed by
an object

 Youshould learn each collocation as a single

vocabulary item
Learn by your heart the verbs on page 26
 Transitive
Verbs (Vt)

Incomplete
Complete Vt Vt
 Complete Transitive Verbs
The teacher explained the grammar rules
Explained must have an Object → A complete transitive verb
 A complete transitive verb normally takes an object.
The teacher explained the students the grammar rules
→ Wrong sentence because “explain” is a verb that can take
only one object
The teacher explained the grammar rules to the students.
 Since the verb “explain” cannot take two objects, the
students should be changed into an adverbial phrase to
maintain grammatical accuracy
Note that all the verbs in the box below can take only
one object.
When they are used with a that-clause, this pattern must
be observed:

Announce → Announce (+to object) + that-clause

Introduce →Introduce (+to object) + that-clause
Mention → Mention (+to object) + that-clause
Suggest → Suggest (+to object) + that-clause
 Complete transitive verbs with two objects
The teacher gives us much homework every day.
The teacher gives us much homework every day.
us is the indirect object and much homework is the direct object.
I offered him a book I had read before.
him is the indirect object and a book is the direct object.
Some verbs can take two objects: a direct object that refers to
things and an indirect object that refers to people.
These verbs are called ditransitive verbs.
Below is a list of common verbs that can take two objects.
Bring/give/hand/lend/loan/offer/owe/pay/pass/
send/show/take/teach/tell
 Incomplete transitive verbs
The teacher appointed me monitor.
me is the object of appointed.
monitor is the objective complement.
 Inthis case, the noun monitor is in apposition to the
object her. An incomplete transitive verb has an
object and an objective complement.
 The complement can be a noun, a to-infinitive, a
bare infinitive, or a participle.
The teacher appointed me monitor
S V O OC
→noun
→ bare infinitive
→ to-infinitives
→ participles

Note: Incomplete transitive verbs that take bare

infinitives, to-infinitives, participles as objective
complements
(Point A, B, C on page 28 - Books)
 Incomplete transitive verbs that take
bare infinitives as objective complements

Mr. Wright had his workers sort through the documents.

bare inf.

have / let / make / bid/

see / watch / hear / + object + bare infinitive
listen to / feel/smell
 Incomplete transitive verbs that take to-infinitives as
objective complements
The manager reminded the secretary to make calls to
the VIP customers.

advise / allow / appoint / ask

/encourage/expect / force / + object +
recommend / remind / invite / to-infinitive
persuade / request / tell/want / warn
Incomplete transitive verbs that take participles as
objective complements

People found the performance interesting.

+ object +
find / keep / see / watch / (present / past)
hear / listen to / feel/smell participle
 Verbs

Intransitive Transitive
Verbs (Vi) Verbs (Vt)
 Transitive or intransitive verbs?

Be careful not to use prepositions after transitive

verbs even though in some cases, it may seem
"reasonable" to do so.
There is a list of some transitive verbs that are
often mistakenly used as intransitive verbs,
especially by Vietnamese learners.
It is on the books on page 29.
Ex:
If you are interested in the position, please contact us by e-mail.
Visitors need an admission ticket to enter the building

We don’t use prepositions after transitive

verbs
approve approach
accompany explain
attend inspect
alert provide
leave
contact
mention
answer reach
discuss resemble
enter visit
The end of the lesson!

THANK YOU!