Reading – Unit 9

CAMPUS TOEIC
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Form 1

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Meaning 2

Practice
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Tense refers to verb forms that show the time of an action or event.

English has two basic tenses: present and past.

Future is indicated by the modal verb will, and strictly speaking,

progressive and perfect verb forms are called aspect. It shows whether
an action or event is treated as finished or is still in progress or still
relevant to the moment of speaking.

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English
English Tense
Tense Overview
Overview

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1 Form

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2 Meaning
(1) The Present
① Present simple – a general event or activity
• He always arrives at work on time. (a repeated action)
• Mr. Thomas lives in New York. (a general fact)
• The sun rises in the east. (a timeless fact)
cf. He usually gets to work at 8:30 in the morning. (often
used with always, usually, every ~, etc.)

* We use the present tense instead of the future tense in adverb

clauses of time or condition.
• When they will come, we will start the meeting. (X) (will come → come)
• By the time the project will be complete, another project will begin. (X)
(will be → is)
• If the taxi will arrive by 3 o’clock, we’ll be able to get to the airport on
time. (X) (will arrive → arrives)
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2 Meaning
(1) The Present
② Present progressive – a temporary event or activity
• John is eating lunch. (an activity in progress)
• Ian is living with his parents. (a temporary situation)
cf. John is studying right now. (often used with now, right now,
at the moment, etc.)
cf. We are having a business lunch tomorrow. (a fixed plan)

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2 Meaning
(1) The Present
③ Present perfect – a past event or activity related to the
present time

• I have worked at Sony since 1998. (a long-term duration)

cf. I have taught English for almost ten years. (often used with for
and since)
• Ben has just come back from his business trip. (a finished action)
cf. We have already reviewed the final report. (often used with just,
already, and yet)
● The oil price has doubled in the last four years. (a lasting result)
● Have you ever visited South America? (experience up to now)
cf. I have never met a person from Africa in my entire life. (often used
with ever, never, and yet)

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2 Meaning
(1) The Present
④ Present perfect progressive – an extended or repeated event
that began in the past and continues to the present time
• I have been studying English for five hours. (a relatively short-term
duration)
cf. I have studied English for five years. (a relatively long-term duration )
• We have been using this store since we move to this neighborhood.
(a repeated action)
cf. It has been raining all day. (often used with for, since, all morning,
all day, all week, etc.)
cf. I have used this store since we moved to this neighborhood. (on one
or two occasions)

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2 Meaning
(2) The Past
① Past simple – an event or activity which finished in the past
• It rained almost every weekend last summer. (a repeated event)
● Mr. Shaw joined the company in 2003. (a finished event)
cf. We received the shipment two weeks ago (often used with last ~, ~
ago, yesterday, when, etc.)

② Past progressive – an event or activity which continued for a

temporary period in the past
• The team was working on the project when the manager came in.
● He was working down the street at 10:30 yesterday.
● While Simon was traveling in New York, he ran into on old friend.

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(2) The Past
③ Past perfect – an event or activity which took place and
finished before another in the past
• Helen had worked at the post office until 2001.

* The past perfect is often used with adverb clauses of time.

● By the time we arrived at the airport, Mr. Lee had already left.
● Mr. Kao had worked for the company for 10 years when he retired
last year.

④ Past perfect progressive – an extended or repeated event

which took place before a particular point in the past
• I had been waiting for Eric for three hours when he finally came back
to his office.

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2 Meaning
(2) The Future
① Future simple – the prediction of a future event
• Joy will take the TOEIC next month.
• I will take the TOEIC next month.

* The future simple is often used with next ~, soon, following ~,

in ~, etc.
● The manager will be back in three days.
● The team will meet some time next week.
cf. I am going to take the TOEIC next month. (a planned event)

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2 Meaning
(2) The Future
② Future progressive – an event or activity in progress in the
future
• I will be having a meeting at 10 A.M. tomorrow.
• Maria will be working on her essay for the next three months.

③ Future perfect & perfect progressive – an event or activity that

will finish before a specific future time
● I will have finished this report by 5 p.m.
cf. I will have finished this report by the time you finish yours.
● He’ll have been keeping a journal for five years next month.
(the continuity of an event)

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Reading - Lesson 9
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Reading - Lesson 9
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PART 5: INCOMPLETE SENTENCES

Questions 1-10 Choose the word that best completes each sentence.

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PART 6: TEXT COMPLETION

Questions 1-3 refer to the following advertisement.

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PART 7: READING COMPREHENSION

Questions 1-5 refer to the following news article.

Please refer to page 188

in your book for the text.

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