midas Civil

Basic Training Manual

Balanced cantilever bridge design

considering seismic analysis
Overview

MIDAS Technical Seminar for Bridge engineers in Malaysia 2

 Overview

Sectional Elevation View

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 Overview

Section View (Tapered Section)

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 Material Properties

1. Go to Material Properties
2. Click Add
2
3. Select Standard and DB:

3 4. Click Apply
Repeat 2 to 4 to add all the material properties
5. Click OK

Concrete Girder: Concrete, EN04(RC), C40/50

Concrete Pier: Concrete, EN04(RC), C30/37
Steel Tendon: Steel, EN05(S), Y1860S7(15.2mm)

5 4

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 Tendon Properties

2
1

1. Go to Temp/Prestress

2. Click Tendon Property

3 3. Input tendon property

Tendon Type: Internal(Post-Tension)
Material: Y1860S7(15.2 mm)
Total Tendon Area
Strand Diameter: 15.2 mm(0.6”)
Number of Strands: 19
Strand Diameter: 0.103 m
Relaxation: CEB-FIP 2010, 5 %
Class 1 : Slow
Ultimate Strength: 1.9e+006 kN/m^2
Yield Strength: 1.6e+006 kN/m^2
Curvature Friction: 0.3
Wobble Friction: 0.001

4. Click OK

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 Section Properties: Pier

2
1. Go to Properties > Section > Section Properties
3 2. Go to DB/User
4
3. Select Solid Rectangle

4. Select User

5. Define the geometry for Pier

H: 1.8 m
B: 8.1 m

5 6. Click OK

*Note:

Rest of sections will be generated within the wizard

function (e.g. Tapered section for Superstructure)

6
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 FCM Bridge Wizard Modeling: Model Tab

Go to Structure > Wizard > FCM Bridge

1. Select Type 1
1
2. Go to Model Tab

2
Specify various input parameters

Material Properties: Girder & Pier

Section Properties: Pier

Stage Duration: 12 days (formwork + casting)

Method: Cast-in

Input Pier Table, Key Segment, Pier and FSM geometry as

specified in the dialog on the left.

Concrete properties change with time. Such time-

dependent properties change relatively rapidly in
early ages. Using the initial member ages, the
program automatically calculates the modulus of
elasticity, creep/shrinkage coefficient. The initial
member ages are specified as follows:

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 FCM Bridge Wizard Modeling: Section Tab

1. Go to Section Tab

2. Select 1 Cell

1
Enter below values correspondingly.

H1 ( 0.25 ); H2 ( 2.19 ); H3 ( 0.25 ); H4 ( 0.35 )

2 H5 ( 0.35 ); H6 ( 0.25 ); H2-1 ( 6 ); H3-1 ( 1 )

B1 ( 3 ); B2 ( 0.5 ); B3 ( 3 ); B4 ( 2 ); B5 ( 2 ); B6 ( 1.25 )

Form Traveler Load (include form load) > include Wet

Conc. Load(on)

P ( 800 ); e ( 2.5 )

3. Click OK

*Note:
It is recommended to include wet concrete load
while defining construction stages in the FCM Wizard,
as it results in more conservative stress calculations.
However, if the camber control is referenced at the
time of setting the form traveler, the deflection due
to wet concrete should be ignored, or additional
construction stages should be defined.

3
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 FCM Bridge Wizard Modeling: Tendon Tab

1. Go to Tendon Tab

2. Check on Tendon and Prestress

1 3. Select Tendon Property

5 4. Apply Jacking Stress of 0.7 x Su for both Top and
2 Bottom tendons

5. Input tendon positions

Section Type > 1 Cell

H1 ( 0.17 ); H2 ( 0.32 );
H3 ( 0.29 ); H4 ( 0.14 );

W1 ( 0.1 ); W2 ( 0.1 );
W3 ( 0.06 ); S ( 0.175 );

3 DX1 ( 0.1 ); DY1 ( 0.3 );

DX2 ( 0.1 ); DY2 ( 0.3 );
DX3 ( 0.3 ); DY3 ( 0.19 );
6
4
6. Input Tendon Number

Equal(on)

N1 ( 7 ); N2 ( 3 );
7 N3 ( 6 ); N4 ( 3 );
N5 ( 2 ); N6 ( 7 );
N7 ( 2 ); N8 ( 5 );

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 FCM Bridge Wizard Modeling: Tendon Tab

Longitudinal tendon layout

6. Input number of tendons anchored in each

segment. [Top, Bottom Side, Bottom Middle]

Top Tendon Bottom Side Tendon Bottom Middle Tendon

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Wizard Model Modification

Construction Sequence
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 Wizard Model Modification: Superimposed Dead Load

3
1

1. Go to Load > Static Loads > Static Load Cases and create load case ’2nd'
2. Go to Tree Menu > Load Group and create Load Group ‘2nd'
3. Go to Load > Static Loads > Element
5
4. Select 2nd Load Case and 2nd Load Group
5. Select the beam girder and input -34 kNm as Superimposed Dead Load
6. Click Apply
6
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 Wizard Model Modification
1 *Note:
In FCM Wizard, 12 days has been specified
for constructing each segment.
However, required days for constructing
key segment is 30 days
Preparation for the construction of Key
Segment is 30 – 10 = 20 days (Initial age of
key segment = 10 days)
6 Then, correct the construction stage
3 duration for segment 12 → 30 days and
assign an “Additional Step” of 20 days for
2 applying the wet concrete weight of the
Key Segments(KeyWC1 and KeyWC3).

1. Go to Load > Construction Stage >

Define C.S or Click button.
2. Modify Stage Duration: 30
3. Modify Additional Step
Step Number: 1
Day: 20
4. Go to Load tab and modify Active Day
of KeyWC1, KeyWC3 to 20
5. Click Apply
4
6. Create CS17 with 10000 days duration
and activate 2nd Load Group to
consider superimposed dead load after
the construction stage then click OK
6 5

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 Define Creep/Shrinkage material properties

Define time dependent material properties first: Creep/Shrinkage

2 1. Go to Properties > Time Dependent Material > Creep/Shrinkage

2. Click Add

3. Select CEB-FIP (2010) as time dependent material code

4. Define the time dependent material properties

3 Characteristic compressive strength, fck: 40 N/mm2
Relative Humidity: 70 %
4 Notional size of member: 1 mm
Type of cement: 32.5 R, 42.5 N
Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage: 3 days

5. Click Apply

6. Create time dependent material property of C30/37: identical

values but characteristic compressive strength, fck = 30 N/mm^2

7. Click OK

*Note:
Notional size of member will be calculated automatically using
Change Element Dependent Material Property function. Therefore
5 7 6 apply arbitrary initial value of notional size of member.
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Define Compressive Strength material properties

Define time dependent material properties first:

Compressive Strength
2

1. Go to Properties > Time Dependent Material > Comp.

Strength
2. Click Add
3. Select CEB-FIP (2010) as time dependent material
code
4. Define mean compressive strength of concrete:
48 N/mm^2 for C40/50
38 N/mm^2 for C30/37
3
5. Click Redraw Graph
6. Click OK
4

5 6

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 Notional size of tapered elements

5
1

1. Go to Properties > Time Dependent Material > Material Link

9 2. Select appropriate time dependent material properties
2
3. Select regular material property to assign the time dependent
material properties.
4. Click Add

3
5. Go to Properties > Time Dependent Material > Change Property

6 6. Select Notional Size of Member

7. Select Auto Calculate option and CEB-FIP (1990) code for
7 calculation of notional size of member

4 8. Click Apply
9. Click button to review tabular results of notional size of
member for all the elements.

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 Construction Stage Analysis Control: Erection Load
*Note:
Dead Load is generally the most
significant component of all the loads
applied to construction stage analysis.
The results of all the load cases except
1 for Creep, Shrinkage and Relaxation of
Tendons are lumped into CS: Dead
Load. Here we can select certain load
cases to be distinguished from the Dead
Load and produce the results under CS:
Erection Load.

2 1. Go to Analysis > Analysis Control >

Construction Stage
4 2. Check on Include Time Dependent
Effect
3 3. Effect of tendon on beam section
property can be considered by
checking on Change with Tendon
4. Go to Load Cases to be Distinguished
from Dead Load for C.S Output and
5 click Add

7 5. Select 2nd Load Case

6. Click OK
7. Click OK

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Response Spectrum Analysis

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 Response Spectrum Analysis

Seismic design cannot adopt the conventional design principle. (e.g. capacity should
be sufficiently large to withstand member force) Therefore there are several methods
to achieve this:
✓ Apply seismic control device
✓ Increase ductility of the structure
✓ Use reduced seismic load in design

Methods of Analysis:
✓ Response Spectrum analysis
✓ Linear/Non-linear Time History analysis
✓ Pushover analysis

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 Representation of Seismic Action

𝑚4
𝑚3

𝑚2
𝑚
𝑚1 𝑇 = 2𝜋
Representation of the seismic action 𝑘

Base 𝑘1 𝑘2 𝑘3 𝑘4
Shear
𝑻𝟏 𝑻𝟐 𝑻𝟑 𝑻𝟒 ⋯ 𝑻𝒏
Peak accelerations and natural
periods of all the SDOF systems

Design Response Spectrum:

Envelope of many ground motions MIDAS Technical Seminar for Bridge engineers in Malaysia 21
 Applying RS on MDOF System

How do we apply Response Spectrum Data obtained from

SDOF system onto the MDOF system of structure?

SDOF MDOF

➢ Eigenvalue analysis should be performed to determine the natural mode shapes and
frequencies(period) of structure. The physical interpretation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
which come from solving the system are that they represent the frequencies and corresponding
mode shapes
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 Modal Analysis

Multi-Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Single-Degree of Freedom (SDOF)

➢ In order to apply Response Spectrum obtained from SDOF system on the structure with MDOF
system, the MDOF system should be fragmented into multiple of SDOF system by performing
Eigenvalue analysis.
➢ The modal results (𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 … 𝑅𝑛 ) of each SDOF are then combined using various methods.
𝑆𝑅𝑆𝑆 ∶ 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅12 + 𝑅22 + ⋯ + 𝑅𝑛2 0.5
0.5
𝑁 𝑁

𝐶𝑄𝐶 ∶ 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ෍ ෍ 𝑅𝑖 𝜌𝑖𝑗 𝑅𝑗

𝑖=1 𝑗=1
𝐴𝐵𝑆 ∶ 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + ⋯ + 𝑅𝑛
𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 ∶ 𝑅𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ෍ 𝐶𝑖 𝑅1
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 Defining Design Response Spectrum

1. Go to Load > Dynamic Loads >

2 RS Functions

2. Click Add
3
3. Click Design Spectrum

4. Select Eurocode-8(2004)

5. Select Horizontal Design

4 Spectrum and Ground Type as
B
5 6. Click OK

7. Click OK

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 Defining Design Response Spectrum
First, go to Structure > Structure Type > Convert
Self-weight into Masses and select Convert X, Y, Z
1. Go to Load > Dynamic Loads > RS Load Cases
1 2. Go to Eigenvalue Analysis Control
3. Select Eigen Vectors & Lanczos as Analysis
type

6 4. Enter No.of Frequencies: 20

5. Click OK
8 6. Click Modal Combination control and select
SRSS as Modal Combination Type
7. Click OK
8. Select Spectrum Function and click Add
9. Create load case RY with Excitation Angle: 90
7
Perform analysis

*Note:
3 Number of frequencies means the number of
modes. The number of modes should be
sufficiently large so that the accumulated mass
4 participation is more than 90%. The mass
participation ratio must be checked after
performing the analysis.
8
2
5
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 Modal Shape Result

2
5

1. Go to Results > Mode Shape

2. Click button to review tabular result of modal results.
3. Select the nodes and modes
4. Click OK
4
5. Check whether the mass participation is larger than 90 %

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 Beam Girder Diagram

1
3

1. Go to Results > Beam

2
Girder Diagram
2. Select specific
Construction Stage
3. Input result view
options:
Select First/User Step

CS: Summation

Diagram Type: Stress

X-axis: Node

Bridge Girder Group

Combined Stress

Check on Draw
Allowable Stress Line

4. Click Apply

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 Stage/Step Graph

1. Go to Results > Stage/Step Graph

2
2. Select specific Construction
3 Stage (CS13)
3. Select Beam Force/Stress and
click Add New Function
4. Create Function:
Name: Top
Element No: 19
Option: Stress
Point: I-Node
Components: Bend(+z)

Create another function called

Bottom with component Bend(-
z)

5. Click OK
4
6 6. Select specific Load Cases or
Combination: Tendon Primary

7 7. Click Graph

5
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FCM Camber Result

1. Go to Results > Camber/Reaction > FCM Camber

> FCM Camber Table & FCM Camber Graph View
2. Select Summation and click OK

Camber result is also obtainable in graphical format

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 Tendon Loss

2 3 4

5
1. Go to Results > Result Tables > Tendon > Tendon Loss
2. Select Tendon Group 1
3. Select Construction Stage
4. Click Apply
5. Right Click and select Tendon Time-Dependent Loss Graph

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 Dynamic Report Generation

1. Right Click to save Dynamic

Report Image
1
2. Go to Dynamic Report Generator
3. Drag & Drop Dynamic Report
Image into the report
3 Drag &
Drop
If any modification is made to the
structure, analysis should be
performed again to automatically
update all the changes
4. Go to Dynamic Report Auto
Regeneration and Select the
inputted items to Regenerate

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