Exam # 2 and Class Activity (quiz) review

Chapter 23

1. President Wilson’s basic approach to foreign relations was that he

A. favored aggressive military expansion by American

B. though the “Open Door” policy and the Panama Canal should be abandoned as imperialistic
C. wanted to spread the gospel of American democracy to enlighten the unfortunate and
ignorant
D. feared and despised foreign nations
E. demonstrated a hard-headed, almost cynical, realism

2. Wilson became deeply involved in Mexican politics in response to the reactionary general
__________, who led the 1913 coup and had his former chief murdered.

A. Venustiano Carranza
B. Francisco Madera
C. Adolf Diaz
D. Francisco Villa
E. Victoriano Huerta

3. When the Mexican tyrant Huerta abdicated, and Venustiano Carranza, who favored a more
representative government, came to power in 1914, he soon faced a revolt led by Francisco
“Pancho” Villa. Wilson responded to this by

A. maintaining strict neutrality

B. aiding Carranza because he seemed willing to cooperate with the United States
C. landing the marines at Vera Cruz to restore stability
D. supporting Villa because he seemed willing to cooperate with the United States
E. aiding Carranza because he was committed to social reform

4. In 1916, United States troops, commanded by General John J. Pershing, invaded

___________ to capture “Pancho” Villa.

A. Haiti
B. Puerto Rico
C. Nicaragua
D. Mexico
E. Cuba

5. The idealistic president who set out to raise the moral tone of American foreign policy by
denouncing dollar diplomacy was

A. William Howard Taft

B. Theodore Roosevelt
C. Woodrow Wilson
D. William McKinley
E. Warren G. Harding

6. The Great War was precipitated by the

A. Austrians launching a massive offensive across Switzerland in order to outflank and surprise
the French
B. assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a
Serbian nationalist
C. French invading Germany to seek revenge for their humiliation in the Franco-Prussian War
D. inability of the French and the Germans to reach a peaceful settlement in their dispute over
control of the Alsace-Lorraine region
E. Russian surprise attack on Austria-Hungary, designed to create a buffer zone to their west

7. At the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, the Allied Powers included

A. Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Turkey, and Germany

B. Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Germany
C. the United States, Great Britain, and France
D. Great Britain, France, Russia
E. France, Great Britain, and Spain

8. American attitudes toward the two sides in the Great War were most influenced by

A. German propaganda
B. conflict over freedom of the seas
C. British propaganda
D. Wilson’s militarism
E. conflicts over war crimes against civilians

9. According to your text, many Americans favored neutrality during the Great War because

A. they believed the Central Powers were going to be victorious within the first six month
B. over two-thirds of all Americans were either first or second generation immigrants
C. they did not care which side won
D. they believed the Allies were going to win the war within the first six months
E. Americans traditionally feared entanglement in European affairs

10. What was the effect of the Great War upon the American economy from 1914 to 1916?

A. Because of Wilson’s embargo, there was almost no effect

B. Trade with the Central Powers almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the
Allies fell to a trickle
C. Because of Wilson’s embargo, the economy suffered a severe recession
D. Trade with the Allies almost quadrupled to $3.2 billion a year, while that with the Central
Powers almost disappeared
E. Because both the Allies and the Central Powers attacked neutral shipping, American foreign
trade collapsed and the economy slumped

11. Wilson’s policy of holding the Germans to “strict accountability” for American losses
resulting from violations of freedom of the seas

A. did not reflect Americans’ neutrality

B. was strongly opposed by Secretary of State Bryan
C. was supported by hid demands for greatly increased military appropriations
D. was consistent with international law
E. was strongly supported by Secretary of State Bryan

12. Many Americans were shocked and outraged when the British liner ___________ torpedoed
and almost 1200 people died.

A. Prince of Wales
B. Laconia
C. Sussex
D. Titanic
D. Lusitania

13. In the presidential election of 1916, the leading issue was

A. Wilson’s inept efforts at domestic reform

B. American policy toward the warring powers
C. government regulation of business
D. Wilson’s racial policies
E. child-labor legislation

14. In February, 1917, the U.S. learned of the _______________ Telegram in which Germany
offered a military assistance to Mexico in the U.S. entered the war on the Allied side.

A. Zimmermann
B. Nogales
C. Ludendorf
D. Hindenburg
E. Wilhelm

15. If the United States had not entered the Great War, it is likely that

A. the Central Powers would have won in 1918

B. the Allies would have won anyway
C. there would have been a negotiated settlement because of the mutual exhaustion of both sides
D. the Bolshevik revolution would have succeeded in spreading to the rest of Europe
E. Germany would have invaded England
16. When the United States entered the Great War, from a military point of view, the country
was

A. lacking both a standing army and navy

B. poorly prepared
C. fairly well prepared
D. extremely well prepared
E. lacking an adequate navy, although the army was first-rate and well-equipped

17. During the Great War, the government agency which had almost dictatorial powers to
allocate scarce materials and fix prices was the

A. United States Railroad Administration

B. Council of National Defense
C. War Industries Board
D. War Labor Policies Board
E. National Labor Relations Board

18. Farm income during the Great War

A. dropped
B. remained constant with the “parity” years 1910-1914
C. increased slightly
D. rose dramatically
E. failed to keep up with inflation

19. During the Great War, those most often suspected of disloyalty were

A. German-Americans
B. Chinese-Americans
C. Italian-Americans
D. Dutch-Americans
E. Hungarian-Americans

20. During the Great War, mere criticism of the government became cause for arrest and
imprisonment under the ________ Act.

A. Espionage
B. Sedition
C. Trading-with-the Enemies
D. Americanism
E. Homeland Security

21. “Let me emphasize the fact…that the working class who fight all the battles, the working
class who make the supreme sacrifices, the working class who freely shed their blood and furnish
the corpses, have never yet had a voice in either declaring war or making peace. It is the ruling
class that invariably does both. They alone declare war and they alone make peace.”
The author was

A. George Creel
B. Henry Cabot Lodge
C. Robert La Follette
D. Eugene V. Debs
E. Jane Addams

22. The Great War triggered a major movement of

A. farmers to urban centers

B. urbanites to rural communities
C. southern blacks to northern cities
D. European immigrants to the United States
E. northern blacks to southern cities

23. Most black Americans reacted to the Great War with

A. cynicism about the irony of a racist society fighting to make the world safe for democracy
B. optimism that the walls of prejudice were beginning to crumble
C. delight that the armed forces were desegregated
D. fear that it would increase racism and lynching
E. disgust with a “white man’s war” which did not concern them

24. President Wilson’s plan for a lasting peace after the Great War was known as the

A. Fourteen Points
B. Versailles Plan
C. League of Nations
D. Peace Without Victory Plan
E. Democracy Plan

25. Wilson believed that any weakness in the Versailles Treaty could be overcome by the

A. Fourteen Points
B. World Court
C. League of Nations
D. Lodge Reservations
E. Great Power Summits

26. The basic reason why the U.S. Senate failed to ratify the Versailles Treaty was the

A. refusal of both Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge to compromise

B. conflict between the treaty and the Monroe Doctrine
C. uncompromising opposition of the “irreconcilables”
D. failure of the Treaty to include a League of Nations
E. disinterest of most Americans in foreign affairs

27. The peace settlement reached at the Paris conference of 1919 was called the _____ Treaty.

A. Tuileries Garden
B. Chartres
C. League of Nations
D. Arc de Triomphe
E. Versailles

28. In the 1919-1920 “Red Scare,” radicals were ruthlessly suppressed by Attorney General

A. A. Mitchell Palmer
B. J. Edgar Hoover
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes
D. Calvin Coolidge
E. William Z. Foster

29. The results of the presidential election of 1920 reflected most Americans’

A. embrace of continuing reform and idealism

B. support of the League of Nations
C. dislike of the Lodge Reservations
D. continuing faith in Woodrow Wilson
E. rejection of reform and idealism

30. According to your text, the most significant result of the Senate’s failure to ratify the
Versailles Treaty was the

A. creation of a powerful campaign issue for the Democrats

B. decision by Wilson to seek re-election
C. rejection of effective world government
D. loss of the possibility of world peace
E. renewal of bitter sectional tensions

Chapter 24

31. During the 1920s, how were immigrants from southern and eastern Europe affected by the
new quota system of immigration?

A. They continued to immigrate at the same rates as from 1900 to 1914

B. They found it much more difficult to immigrate

C. They found it much easier to immigrate
D. They was a large quota for them than they could use
E. They were neither discriminated against nor favored by the system

32. In addition to closing its gates to eastern European immigrants in the 1920s, the United
States also

A. prohibited immigration from Canada

B. experienced increasing anti-Semitism
C. prohibited immigration from Latin America
D. experienced decreasing anti-Catholicism
E. prohibited immigration from Australia

33. In the early 20th century, married couples continued the mid-19th century pattern of marrying

A. primarily for social position

B. at later ages and having fewer children
C. primarily to please their parents
D. at earlier ages and having more children
E. primarily for economic advantage

34. During the 1920s, young men and women

A. replaced “dating” with “paying a call”

B. were actually more old-fashioned in their sexual behavior than their grandparents
C. glorified respect for social and paternal authority
D. related in an increasingly relaxed and uninhibited fashion
E. began courting with virtually no rules or conventions

35. Feminist Margaret Sanger was one of the

A. leaders of divorce reform

B. strongest proponents of birth-control
C. major critics of an equal rights amendment
D. chief opponents of prohibition
E. most significant critics of women suffrage

36. After winning the vote, most women in 1920s

A. made major social and economic gains

B. eliminated the double standard
C. lost interest in agitating for change
D. realized the long journey toward equality had been won
E. became actively involved in electoral politics

37. The 1920s saw immense change in popular culture because of the two new technologies of
A. telephones and telegraphs
B. phonographs and television
C. motion pictures and radios
D. microphones and typewrites
E. Blackberries and iPhones

38. The major effect of advertising on radio was

A. an overnight mushrooming of the number of stations

B. limited because early advertising was so unsophisticated
C. production of programs of stimulating intellectual content, aimed at educating the general
public
D. so devastating that the Federal Communications Commission was forced to step in and
regulate advertising
E. production of programs of little intellectual content or controversy, aimed at the lowest tastes

39. During the 1920s, American sports were

A. torn by conflicts about the influence of money in amateur sports

B. languishing because people had neither money nor time to devote to them
C. extraordinary popular
D. relatively unaffected by the influence of radio and advertising
E. still regionally based

40. In the 1920s, many rural Americans thought of the new city-oriented culture as

A. offering exciting and wholesome recreation

B. encouraging people to turn to Christianity
C. blighted by sin and materialism
D. supporting their attempts to preserve traditional values
E. providing good jobs and economic mobility for their children

41. Urban-rural tensions of the twenties produced a resurgence of

A. nostalgia for Old World values

B. labor radicals
C. religious fundamentalism
D. agrarian radicalism
E. urban progressivism

42. The 1925 Dayton, Tennessee “Monkey Trial” dealt with

A. regulating circus sideshows

B. promoting free speech
C. limiting free speech
D. halting cruelty to animals
E. teaching evolution in the public schools

43. The chief counsel for the defendant, John T. Scopes, in the famous “Monkey Trial" was

A. Louis Brandeis
B. Kent Darrow
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
D. Clarence Darrow
E. William Jennings Bryan

44. The prohibition movement was most strongly supported by _________ Americans.

A. rural
B. immigrants
C. working-class
D. urban
E. Catholic

45. The most horrible example of the social malaise of the 1920s, was the

A. campaign for birth control

B. intimidation of the “Red Scare”
C. popularity of religious fundamentalism
D. hypocrisy of prohibition
E. revival of the Ku Klux Klan

46. The major factor in the collapse of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1920s was the

A. growing public awareness of its cruelty

B. federal crack-down on its violence
C. increase in rural prosperity
D. condemnation of it by Protestant churches
E. increase in ethnically and racially mixed marriages

47. The Sacco-Vanzetti case graphically demonstrated that American justice had little sympathy
toward

A. Native Americans
B. religious fundamentalism
C. radicals and aliens
D. Roman Catholics
E. unemployed artists

48. According to your text, the literature of the 1920s reflected the

A. hopeful experimentation of the progressives

B. disillusionment of the intellectuals
C. romantic innocence of an earlier age
D. liberal faith in the basic goodness and reasonableness of people

49. During the 1920s blacks experienced

A. increasing union membership

B. decreasing militancy and activism
C. discrimination and concentration in northern ghettos
D. optimism based on gains in civil rights
E. increasing integration in smaller northern towns

50. The leader of the Universal Improvement Association, whose slogan was “Back to Africa,”
was

A. Marcus Garvey
B. W.E.B. Du Bois
C. Booker T. Washington
D. Langston Hughes
E. Zora Neale Hurston

52. In May 1927, the first solo non-stop flight from New York to Paris was made in his Spirit of
St. Louis by

A. Malcolm Lockheed
B. Wilbur Wright
C. John B. Rae
D. Charles Lindbergh
E. Carl Ben Eielson

Chapter 25

53. The term with which President Warren G. Harding is frequently identified is

A. new nationalism
B. normalcy
C. progressive individualism
D. new freedom
E. rugged individualism

54. The “Ohio Gang” is associated with President

A. Warren G. Harding
B. Calvin Coolidge
C. Herbert Hoover
D. Franklin D. Roosevelt
E. Woodrow Wilson

55. During the 1920s, appointments to federal regulatory agencies such as the Interstate
Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board were generally

A. liberal
B. pro-big business
C. anti-big business
D. radical
E. delayed by Congress

56. The illegal leasing of government oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, was the worst
scandal involving the administration of President

A. Woodrow Wilson
B. William H. Taft
C. Calvin Coolidge
D. Herbert Hoover
E. Warren G. Harding

57. Immediately after the Great War, Americans generally were

A. retreating into isolationism

B. anxious to participate in international organizations
C. reluctant to abandon the rest of the world
D. optimistic about a ‘good neighbor” policy with Latin America
E. regretting that America was not a member of the League of Nations

58. Under the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, the United States agreed to

A. join the League of Nations despite its previous objections

B. cooperate with the World Court in all matters outside of the Western Hemisphere
C. reduce its navy by half during the next ten years
D. renounce war as a solution in international controversies
E. a joint military defense pact with France

59. The totalitarian challenge to the United States and the European democracies began with the
1931 invasion of Manchuria by

A. Vietnam
B. Russia
C. Germany
D. Japan
E. Italy

60. Under the Stimson Doctrine, the United States

A. renounced America’s claim of the right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin America
B. applied the principle of the Open Door Policy to Africa as well as Asia
C. announced a complete boycott of any aggressor nation
D. declared that it would never recognize the legality of seizures made in violation of American
treaty rights
E. initiated a “good neighbor” policy toward Latin America

61. The weakest element in the economy during the 1920s was

A. retailing
B. petroleum
C. steel
D. agriculture
E. housing

62. In 1932, Hoover approved creating the ________ to lend money to insurance companies,
railroads, and banks

A. Federal Financial Emergency Board

B. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
C. Federal Reserve Board
D. Emergency Banking Fund
E. National Recovery Administration

63. How were families of the unemployed affected by the Great Depression?

A. Grandparents tended to become more important than parents

B. Wives’ influence tended to increase
C. Families with strong and loving relationships were the most likely to crumble under the
pressure
D. Parents’ authority tended to increase
E. The birthrate increased sharply

64. Franklin D. Roosevelt owed his nomination for presidency to his success as

A. Mayor of New York City

B. U.S. Senator from Ohio
C. Governor of New York
D. Secretary of Commerce
E. U.S. Senator from New York

65. President Franklin D. Roosevelt called his plan of reform and recovery the
A. Square Deal
B. New Deal
C. New Nationalism
D. New Era
E. Fair Deal

66. During the Great Depression, “Hoovervilles” became homes for

A. homeless people
B. displaced Native Americans
C. rebellious farmers
D. government officials
E. Mexicans awaiting deportation