Haramaya University, HiT, Civil Engineering Department

Reinforced Concrete I (CEng-3111)

Worksheet

Example1) Determine the ultimate moment carried by the beam section shown below
d' ≔ 50 mm
fck ≔ 20 MPa b ≔ 250 mm
fyk ≔ 460 MPa d ≔ 350 mm

Step 1 Material properties

concrete

0.85 ⋅ fck
fcd ≔ ――― = 11.333 MPa
1.5
εcu ≔ 0.0035

rebar

fyk
fyd ≔ ―― = 400 MPa E ≔ 200 GPa
1.15
fyd
εyd ≔ ―― = 0.002
E

Step 2 Determine area of steel at the two faces 2

π (20 mm)
Area of steel at the compression face Asc Asc ≔ 2 ⋅ ――――= 628.319 mm 2
4
2
π (24 mm)
Area of steel at the tension face As As ≔ 3 ⋅ ――――= 1357.168 mm 2
4
Area of excess steel As1 As1 ≔ As - Asc = 728.849 mm 2
Step 3 Determine the moment capacity
The moment resisted by the compression steel by
assuming it is yielded M2 ≔ Asc ⋅ fyd ⋅ (d - d') = 75.398 kN ⋅ m

As1
steel ratio of the singly reinforced section ρ1 ≔ ―― = 0.0083
b⋅d
The moment resisted by the singly reinforced section M1 is
⎛ ρ1 2 ⋅ fyd ⎞
M1 ≔ fyd ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⎜ρ1 - ――― ⎟ = 87.04 kN ⋅ m
⎝ 2 fcd ⎠
The moment capacity of the doubly reinforced section then becomes
M ≔ M1 + M2 = 162.438 kN ⋅ m

Step 4 check whether the compression reinforcement yields

As1 ⋅ fyd
x ≔ ―――― = 128.62 mm
0.8 ⋅ b ⋅ fcd
(x - d')
εsc ≔ εcu ⋅ ――― = 0.00214 εsc > εyd compression steel yields
x

Page 1 of 3
 Haramaya University, HiT, Civil Engineering Department
Reinforced Concrete I (CEng-3111)
Worksheet

Alternatively one can solve the M1 as follows

z ≔ d - 0.4 x = 298.552 mm

17 ⎛ z ⎛ z ⎞ 2 ⎞
k ≔ ― ⎜― - ⎜― ⎟ ⎟ = 0.142 M1≔ k ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 = 87.04 kN ⋅ m
15 ⎝ d ⎝ d ⎠ ⎠

One can also check the yielding of the compression steel using the following formula

d'
―= 0.389
⎛ d' ⎞ ⎛ fyk ⎞ x
⎜―⎟ < ⎜1 - ―― ⎟ => compression steel yields
⎛ fyk ⎞
⎝x⎠ ⎝ 800 ⎠
⎜1 - ―――⎟ = 0.425
⎝ 800 MPa ⎠
if the compression reinforcement was not yielded use the following formulae
to determine the neutral axis depth x

.8 ⋅ b ⋅ fcd ⋅ x 2 + (Asc ⋅ εcu ⋅ E - As ⋅ fyd) x - Asc ⋅ εcu ⋅ E ⋅ d'

A ≔ 0.8 ⋅ b ⋅ fcd
B ≔ (Asc ⋅ εcu ⋅ E - As ⋅ fyd) ⎛ ⎞
⎝-B + ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
B2 - 4 ⋅ A ⋅ C ⎠
C ≔ -Asc ⋅ εcu ⋅ E ⋅ d' x ≔ ――――――― = 123.818 mm
2⋅A
Cc ≔ 0.8 ⋅ x ⋅ b ⋅ fcd = 280.653 kN
Csc ≔ Asc ⋅ εsc ⋅ E = 268.846 kN

M ≔ Cc ⋅ (d - 0.4 x) + Csc ⋅ (d - d') = 164.983 kN ⋅ m

Example 2 If the overall depth of beam on example1 is restricted by an architect not to

exceed 400mm,Design the flexural reinforcement for a design moment of 200kNm
Given
total applied moment M ≔ 200 kN ⋅ m
Overall depth of section D ≔ 400 mm
Step 1 Material properties similar to previous example
Step 2 Determine the effective depth
Assume concrete cover 25mm, diameter of tension rebar 24mm, diameter of compression
steel 16mm and diameter of stirrups 8mm
the effective depth d is then
d ≔ D - 25 mm - 12 mm - 8 mm = 355 mm
the cover to centroid of compression steel d' then becomes

d' ≔ 25 mm + 8 mm + 8 mm = 41 mm

Step 3 Determine the value of k for 0% moment redistribution and fck<50MPa

M
kb ≔ 0.167 k ≔ ―――= 0.317 k>kb compression
fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 reinforcement is required
Step 4 Determine the area of the compression steel

Page 2 of 3
 Haramaya University, HiT, Civil Engineering Department
Reinforced Concrete I (CEng-3111)
Worksheet

(k - kb) ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2
Asc ≔ ―――――― = 754.531 mm 2 Area of compression steel
(
fyd ⋅ d - d' )
Step 5 Determine the moment carried by the section and the area of steel required at each face

M1 ≔ kb ⋅ fck ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 = 105.231 kN ⋅ m moment resisted by the singly

reinforced concrete section
⎛ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ⎞
z ≔ d ⋅ .5 ⎝1 + 1 - 3.529 ⋅ kb ⎠ = 291.246 mm

d-z
x ≔ ―― = 159.384 mm
0.4
εcu ⋅ (x - d')
εsc ≔ ―――― = 0.0026 since compression steel has yielded the previous
x assumption was correct

M1
As1 ≔ ――――― = 903.28 mm 2
(
fyd ⋅ d - 0.4 x )

The moment resisted by the compression steel M1 is M2 ≔ M - M1 = 94.769 kN ⋅ m

The area of the tension steel then becomes As ≔ Asc + As1 = 1657.811 mm 2

As Asc
――――― = 3.665 ――――― = 3.753
2 2
(24 mm) (16 mm)
π ⋅ ―――― π ⋅ ――――
4 4
provide 4 ϕ 24 bars at the bottom provide 4 ϕ 16bars at the compression face
2 2
(24 mm) (16 mm)
Asprov ≔ 4 ⋅ π ⋅ ―――― = 1809.557 mm 2 Ascprov ≔ 4 ⋅ π ⋅ ―――― = 804.248 mm 2
4 4
Step 6 Detailing of the Reinforcement

Page 3 of 3