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RICE GRAINS CLASSIFICATION USING IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNICS

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 RICE GRAINS CLASSIFICATION USING
IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNICS
Herath H.M.K.K.M.B and Eng. de Mel W.R
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Open University of Sri Lanka,
Nawala Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
kasunherathlive@gmail.com, wrmel@ou.ac.lk
ABSTRACT
Rice is main food crops that all human
consumes in all over the world, especially in
Asian countries. It is primarily classified
according to its grain shape, color etc. This
paper presents the use of machine vision
system for the grain classification. Machine
vision has been used in a most application of
grain classification to differentiate rice
varieties based on special features such as
shape, length, chalkiness, color and internal
damage of rice. RGB color model, histogram,
edge detection are some ways which have
been used to differentiate and analyzed the
rice grains. In this paper also discussing and
suggesting methods classify four varieties of
rice and it also finds the percentage of purity
of rice grains using the image processing
technics based on several features such as
grain color and shape.
Keywords: Grain classification, image
processing, MATLAB techniques, canny
algorithm
1. INTRODUCTION
Rice is single most important food in the
Asian countries, especially in Sri Lanka.
Averagely 37% of cultivation is occupied by
the total cultivation in Sri Lanka [1]. For the
global demand, rice is exportation to the other
1
countries (approximately 1000 MT) and
global rice demand is increase by 1.95%
annually.
As the technology is growing, industries and
peoples are adaptive to new technologies
rather than using old techniques. More people
consume the rice as food, so demand is
increasing. This is the reason why rice is
bagging and packaging becoming automated.
In the present grain-handling system, grain
type and quality are rapidly assessed by visual
inspection [2].
The purpose of the image processing
techniques is testing the quality of the rice
grain. The quality of the rice grain is based on
the several parameters. Such as grain color,
shape, and the size. Fragments of the grain are
highly effective to the quality of the rice.
Machine vision systems are used to identify
the quality of the grain. Digital images and
videos are the key sources of the machine
vision systems. When the grains are mixing
together machine vision system needs to
identify contains the grains mixture. In here
grains are classified according to its color and
the size. This paper introduces how to filter
and classify four types of rice in a grain
mixture. To achieve the good results black
background was used. The basic operation of
the system represents in Figure 01(Block
diagram).
 Figure 01 : Basic building block for system operation

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Rice sample A and B represents the four in together. Both samples are comprised of
varieties of rice grains (Red Basmati, White different color and different shapes of grains.
Basmati, Red Samba and White Samba) mix

B1-R Red Basmati

B2-W White Basmati

B1-R B2-W
S1-R Red Samba

S2-W White Samba

Table 01 : Grain varieties

S1-R S2-W

Grain Sample A:

Type Count Percentage

B1-R 6 14.28%
B2-W 10 23.80%
S1-R 15 35.71%
S2-W 11 26.19%
Table 02 : (Grain Count for sample A)

Figure 02 : Sample A

Grain samples were scattered on a plate which
is 14.5cm wide and 7.5cm heights. In order to
eliminate the shadow, a black mat polymer
sheet was attached to the bottom of the inner
surface of the plate. Grains were separated
manually to eliminate grain contact. The
images acquired were 2113×2177 pixel size
and the image was taken by using the 8
megapixels with 1.5µ pixels Digital camera.
Then the image was transformed to a
computer (i5 6th Gen processor, 8GB RAM)
for subsequent analysis [4].

2
It is necessary to eliminate the noise from the
image before beginning of the algorithm
development. Preprocessing operations will
help to remove noise from the image. As the
preprocessing operation following steps were
Figure 03: Preprocessing operation
Figure 04 : Before preprocessed
Sample-A contains the 50% of red color
rice grains and 50% of white color rice
grains. The grain samples were cleaned
from impurities and subjected to the
standardized lighting condition. Each
image taken by this imaging system
contains 40 - 150 grains. Samples also
comprise with the damaged and discolored
grains.
Histograms represent the frequency of
each intensity value occurs in an image. It
3
followed in MATLAB. By compositing the
red, green and blue channels to create the
color image and the result of above
preprocessing steps are shown in Figure 03.
Figure 05: After Preprocessed
also uses to improve the visual appearance
of an image. After removing noise from
the original image the histogram also can
be simplified and easy to analyze. Figure
06 represents the frequency of each
intensity values but with the noise. This is
very hard to use for the segmentation
process in the machine vision system. In
order to increase an accuracy of the
results, preprocessed image is used for the
segmentation (Figure 05).
 Figure 06 : Histogram of the Image Sample A (Befor preprocess)
Figure 07 : Histogram of the Image Sample A (After preprocess)
2.1 GRAINS SEGMENTATION BY
COLOR
A digital color picture consists of pixels which
are represented as a vector of three color
values [6].
Mathematically image can be describe by
equation,
S = s(x, y, n)
Parameter n is represent the color channel of
the image, where n = {0, 1, 2, … (N −1)}
In this machine vision system used the RGB
color image which has three channels for the
particular color red, green and blue. The
grains were separated according to the grains
4
color by using minimum and maximum value
range of the red, green and blue channels.
Each s(x, y, n) value for the R, G and B
channels can be defined as,
R = s(x, y, 0)
G = s(x, y, 1)
B = s(x, y, 2)
In a digital 24-bit RGB picture, the values of
each channel should be,
0 < s(x, y, 0), s(x, y, 1), s(x, y, 2) < 255
In order to filter the red color grains and white
color grains, machine vision system need to
identify the RGB channel’s value ranges for
the red grains and white grains.
 85 < s(x, y, 0) < 160
34 < s(x, y, 1) < 144
15 < s(x, y, 2) < 126

Red Samba and red Basmati

grains RGB range

Figure 08 : RGB value range for RED color grains

123 < s(x, y, 0) < 184

127 < s(x, y, 1) < 189
128 < s(x, y, 2) < 190

White Samba and white

Basmati grains RGB
range

Figure 09 : RGB value range for WHITE color grains

2.1.1 Red color grains separating 2.1.2 White color grains

process separating process

Figure 10 : Red color grains Figure 11 : White color grains

Grain Real Image Accuracy Grain Real Image Accuracy

Color count processing Color count processing
count count
Red 21 21 100% White 21 21 100%

Table 03: Image processing data for red Table 04: Image processing data for white
grains grains

5
 REFERENCES

[1] User, S. (2016) Ministry of Academy of Sciences. (Arefi*, Motlagh,

Agriculture. Available at:
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