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Quarter 2-Module-7-Proves-Theorem-on-Secants, Tangents, and Segments
Quarter 2-Module-7-Proves-Theorem-on-Secants, Tangents, and Segments
Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Proves Theorem on Secants,
Tangents, and Segments
1
Mathematics – Grade 10
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2
PROVES THEOREM ON SECANTS,
TANGENTS AND SEGMENTS
(M10GE-IIe-f-1)
Specifically,
1. apply theorem on two intersecting chords;
2. find the length of the unknown segment (x) by applying
theorems on secant segments, tangent segments, and external secant
segments; and
3. use two-column proof in proving theorems related to secants,
tangents, and segments.
1
PRE-TEST
Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer among the
options. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝑌
3. 𝑆𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = 15 cm, 𝑇𝑌
̅̅̅̅ are secants. If 𝑆𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = 6 cm, and LY = 8 cm. What is the length
̅̅̅̅
of 𝐸𝑌?
A. 20 cm C. 11.25 cm
B. 12 cm D. 6.75 cm
̅̅̅ = 18, 𝐹𝐼
4. If 𝑇𝐼 ̅ = 16, what is the value of x?
̅̅̅ = 8, and 𝑆𝐼
O R
9 A 16
2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES
What do you observe about the products of the lengths of the segments in each chord:
PE ∙ EQ and RE ∙ ES?
The equation involving the products of the lengths of the segments is stated in the
following theorem:
3
Example 1:
𝑅𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝐴
12 ∙ 7 = 8 ∙ 𝑥
84 = 8𝑥
10.5 = 𝑥
By substitution:
𝑅𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝐴
12 ∙ 7 = 8 ∙ 10.5
84 = 84
Example 2:
𝐹𝑆 ∙ 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐺
6 ∙4=3 ∙𝑥
24 = 3𝑥
8=𝑥
By substitution:
𝐹𝑆 ∙ 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐺
6 ∙4=8 ∙3
24 = 24
4
Observe the
given figures
below.
Figure 1 Figure 2
.
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝑀
𝐴𝑀 ̅̅̅̅̅ is called
̅̅̅̅̅ are called external secant segments while 𝐶𝑀
the tangent segment.
External Secant Segment – the part of a secant segment that is outside
a circle.
Tangent Segment - intersects the circle at one and only one point.
5
In this section, we will discuss the
relationship of two secants, and a
tangent and secants intersecting outside
the circle.
The following theorems involve the relationship that exists between secant segments,
tangent segments, and external secant segments.
Theorem: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and
its external secant segment.
6
Examples:
Find the length of the unknown segment of the circles below to prove the theorems being
discussed.
Solutions:
b. 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐻 ∙ 𝑀𝐶
2
a. (𝐽𝐼) = 𝐻𝐼 ∙ 𝐾𝐼 15 ∙ 4 = 5(𝑥 + 5)
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 28 ∙ 7 60 = 5𝑥 + 25
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 196 60 − 25 = 5𝑥
𝐽𝐼 = 14 35 = 5𝑥
By substitution: 7=𝑥
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 𝐻𝐼 ∙ 𝐾𝐼 By substitution:
142 = 28 ∙ 7 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐻 ∙ 𝑀𝐶
196 = 196 15 ∙ 4 = 5(7 + 5)
60 = 60
Your goal in this section is to take a closer look at some aspects of the topic.
You are going to think deeper and test further your understanding of tangents
and secant segments.
Example 1:
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑆
Given: 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ are two chords intersecting at E
Prove: PE ∙ EQ = RE ∙ ES
7
Solution:
Statements Reasons
1. Draw chord 𝑅𝑃 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑄𝑆 1. Definition of chord
Example 2:
Observe the figure below.
Solution
3. Prove: 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐶𝐷)2
Statements Reasons
1. Draw chords ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷. 1. Definition of a chord
1 2. Inscribed Angle theorem
̂
2. mLA = m𝐵𝐷
2
1 3. The measure of an angle formed by a chord and a
̂
3. mLD = m𝐵𝐷
2
tangent is half the intercepted arc.
4. mLA = mLD 4. Substitution property
8
5. LA ≅ LD 5. Definition of congruent angles
6. LC ≅ LC 6. Reflexive Property
7. ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ~ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 7. AA Similarity Postulate
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶 8. Definition of similar Triangles
8. =
𝐷𝐶 𝐵𝐶
9. 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 ∙ 𝐶𝐷 𝑜𝑟 9. Means-Extremes Theorem
𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐷𝐶)2
Example 3:
Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. LP ≅ LP 1. Reflexive Property
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 and 𝐵𝑀 2. Two points determine a line.
3.LPAN ≅ LPBM 3. Inscribe angles that intercept the
same arc are congruent.
4. ∆𝑃𝐴𝑁 ~ ∆𝑃𝐵𝑀 4. AA Similarity Postulate
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑃 5. Corresponding sides of similar
5. 𝑁𝑃 = . 𝑀𝑃
triangles are proportional
6. 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃 ∙ 𝑁𝑃 6. MPE
9
PRACTICE EXERCISES
PRACTICE TASK 1
Find the length of an unknown segment (x) by applying the theorem on two intersecting
chords. Given chords ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 intersect at T. Find the value of x.
1. 2. 3.
J x U
T
4
5 6
E N
PRACTICE TASK 2
WHAT’S MY VALUE?
Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following figures.
1. 2.
2.
̅̅̅̅̅ = 3x, 𝐴𝑇
3. If 𝑀𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ = 5, and 𝐻𝑇
̅̅̅̅ = 10, find x and 𝑀𝑇
̅̅̅̅̅
10
PRACTICE TASK 3
PROVE ME RIGHT!
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐷𝐸
1. Given: 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ are chords of ⊙ 𝐶 intersecting at M.
Prove: 𝐴𝑀 ⋅ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀 by completing the table below.
Statement Reason
1 ̂ and mLBDE = 1 (𝑚𝐵𝐸)
̂
1. mLBAE = 2
(𝑚𝐵𝐸) 2
2. LBAE ≅ LBDE
3. ∆𝐴𝑀𝐸 ~ ∆𝐷𝐵𝑀
𝐸𝑀 𝐵𝑀
4. 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀
5. 𝐴𝑀 ∙ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀
𝐷𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
2. Given: ̅̅̅̅ 𝐷𝑆 are chords of ⊙ T drawn from exterior point D.
Prove: 𝐷𝑃 ∙ 𝐷𝑄 = 𝐷𝑆 ∙ 𝐷𝑅
Statement Reason
1. LQPR ≅ LPQS and LPQS ≅ LSRP 1.
11
4. 4. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
proportional.
5. 5.Multiplication Property
Prove: (𝐾𝐿)2 = 𝐾𝑀 ∙ 𝐾𝑁
Statement Reason
1 1.
1. ̂ ) and
mLNLK = 2(m𝐿𝑁
1
mLLMN = (m𝐿𝑁̂)
2
2. mLNLK = mLLMN 2.
3. LNLK ≅ LLMN 3.
4. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLLMN 4.
5. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLNLK 5
6. mLKLM = mLNLM + mLNLK 6.
7. mLLNK = mLKLM 7.
8. LLNK ≅ mLKLM 8.
9. ∆𝑀𝐾𝐿 ~ ∆𝐿𝑁𝑀 9.
𝐾𝑀 𝐾𝐿 10.
10. 𝐾𝐿 = 𝐾𝑁
11. KM ∙ KN = |𝐾𝐿|2 11.
12
POST TEST
A. 6 B. 4 C. 8 D. 2.5
A. 18 cm B. 20 cm C. 22.5 cm D. 24.5 cm
13
5. If MP = 20, NP = 8, and SP = 15, what is the length of PR.
32 33
A. units B. units C. 10.5 units D. 12.25 units
3 2
C T
8. If tangent ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑉 = 10, secant ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉 = 25, what is the value of x from the figure below?
Proof:
Statement Reason
1. LLTE ≅ LEHL and LTLH ≅ 1.Inscribed angles intercepting the same
LHET arc are congruent.
14
2. LALH ≅ LAET 2. Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆𝐴𝐿𝐻 ~ ∆𝐴𝐸𝑇 3.
𝐴𝑇 𝐴𝐻 4.Lenghts of sides of similar triangles are
4. = proportional.
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐿
5. 𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝐴𝐿 = 𝐴𝐻 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 5.
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑊𝑈
1. In the figure below, 𝑆𝑈 ̅̅̅̅̅ are secant segments and 𝑋𝑈
̅̅̅̅ is a tangent segment. If
𝑊𝑈 =14, 𝑆𝑇 =12, and 𝑇𝑈 = 4, find:
a. 𝑉𝑈
b. 𝑋𝑈
15
ANSWER KEY
PRE-TEST
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C
PRACTICE EXERCISES
PRACTICE TASK 1
1. 𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐵 = 𝐶𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐷 2. 𝑇𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑆𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 3. 𝐽𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑁 = 𝐸𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑈
𝑥 ∙𝑥 =4 ∙9 13 ∙ 10 = 𝑥 ∙ 9 4 ∙6=5 ∙𝑥
𝑥 2 = 36 130 = 9𝑥 24 = 5𝑥
130
𝑥=6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑥 = 4.8
By substitution: 9 By substitution:
𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐵 = 𝐶𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐷 By substitution:
𝑇𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑆𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 𝐽𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑁 = 𝐸𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑈
6 ∙6=4 ∙9 4 ∙ 6 = 5 ∙ 4.8
36 = 36 13 ∙ 10 = 𝑥 ∙ 9
130 24 = 24
130 = 9( )
9 .
130 = 130
PRACTICE TASK 2
2. (𝐸𝑉)2 = 𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑂𝑉 3. (𝐻𝑇)2 = 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴
1. 𝐺𝑀 ∙ 𝐺𝐴 = 𝐺𝐶 ∙ 𝐺𝐼
6(𝑥 + 6) = 14 ∙ 6 102 = 25 ∙ 𝑥 102 = (3𝑥 + 5) 5
6𝑥 + 36 = 84 100 = 25𝑥 100 = 15𝑥 + 25
6𝑥 = 84 − 36 4=𝑥 75 = 15𝑥
6𝑥 = 48 By substitution: 5=𝑥
𝑥=8 (𝐸𝑉)2 = 𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑂𝑉 By substitution:
By substitution: 100 = 25 ∙ 4 (10)2 = (3𝑥 + 5) 5
𝐺𝑀 ∙ 𝐺𝐴 = 𝐺𝐶 ∙ 𝐺𝐼 100 = 100 (10)2 = (15𝑥 + 25)
6(8 + 6) = 14 ∙ 6 100 = 15 ∙ 5 + 25
84 = 84 100 = 100
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 = 3𝑥 + 5
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 = 3(5) + 5
̅̅̅̅̅ = 20
𝑀𝑇
16
PRACTICE TASK 3
1.
Statement Reason
1 ̂ and The measure of an inscribed angle is one-
mLBAE =2 (𝑚𝐵𝐸)
1 half the measure of its intercepted arc.
mLBDE = ̂
(𝑚𝐵𝐸)
2
LBAE ≅ LBDE Inscribed angles intercepting the same arc
are congruent.
∆𝐴𝑀𝐸 ~ ∆𝐷𝐵𝑀 AA Similarity Theorem
𝐸𝑀 𝐵𝑀 Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
=
𝐴𝑀 𝐷𝑀 proportional.
𝐴𝑀 ∙ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀 Multiplication Property
2.
Statement Reason
1. LQPR ≅ LPQS and LPQS ≅ LSRP 1.Inscribed angles intercepting the same
arc are congruent.
2. LDQS ≅ LDRP 2. Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆𝐷𝑄𝑆 ~ ∆𝐷𝑅𝑃 3. AA similarity Theorem
𝐷𝑃 𝐷𝑆 4. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
4. 𝐷𝑅 = 𝐷𝑄
proportional.
5. DP ∙ DQ = DS ∙ DR 5.Multiplication Property
3.
Statement Reason
1 1. The measure of an inscribed angle is
1. ̂ ) and
mLNLK = 2(m𝐿𝑁
1 one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
̂)
mLLMN = 2(m𝐿𝑁
2. mLNLK = mLLMN 2. Transitive Property
3. LNLK ≅ LLMN 3. Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
4. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLLMN 4. The measure of the exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles.
5. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLNLK 5. Substitution
6. mLKLM = mLNLM + mLNLK 6. Angle Addition Postulate
7. mLLNK = mLKLM 7. Transitive Property
8. LLNK ≅ mLKLM 8. Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
9. ∆𝑀𝐾𝐿 ~ ∆𝐿𝑁𝑀 9. AA Similarity Theorem
𝐾𝑀 𝐾𝐿 10. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
10. 𝐾𝐿
= 𝐾𝑁
proportional.
11. KM ∙ KN = |𝐾𝐿|2 11. Multiplication Property
17
POST TEST
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A
9 – 10. AAA Similarity Theorem, Multiplication Property
References
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