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10

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 7:
Proves Theorem on Secants,
Tangents, and Segments

1
Mathematics – Grade 10

Quarter 2 – Module 7: Proves Theorem on Secants, Tangents and Segments

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Regional Director: GILBERT T. SADSAD


Assistant Regional Director: JESSIE L. AMIN

Development Team of the Module

Writer: CHERRYL M. HERNANDEZ


Editors: SALVACION B. FELICES
JON JON R. MONTE
SHIELA L. GUEVARA
NOEL A. LOZANO
ALFIE T. GASCON
JINKY A. VILLAREAL
Reviewer: JINKY A. VILLAREAL
Illustrator: RYAN B. CERILLO
Layout Artist: ANTHONY C. VISTA

2
PROVES THEOREM ON SECANTS,
TANGENTS AND SEGMENTS

Start this module by assessing your knowledge and skills of the


different mathematical concepts previously studied. These knowledge and
skills will help you find out the relationships among tangent, and secant
segments, and external secant segments of circles.

In this module, you will be able to:


prove theorem on secants, tangents and segments.

(M10GE-IIe-f-1)
Specifically,
1. apply theorem on two intersecting chords;
2. find the length of the unknown segment (x) by applying
theorems on secant segments, tangent segments, and external secant
segments; and
3. use two-column proof in proving theorems related to secants,
tangents, and segments.

Important words and their meaning:


1. External Secant Segment – the part of a secant segment that is
outside a circle.
2. Proof – an argument that shows something (like a theorem) is
true beyond any doubt.
3. Postulate – a mathematical statement that is accepted as true
without proof.
4. Secant – a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. It
contains a chord of a circle.
5. Segment of a circle – the r3egion bounded by an arc and the
segment joining its endpoints
6. Tangent to a circle – a line coplanar with the circle and intersects
it at one and only one point

1
PRE-TEST

Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer among the
options. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅


𝑍𝐾 in the figure on the right?

A. 2.86 units C. 8 units


B. 6 units D. 8.75units

2.What is the value of x from the given figure?

A. 2.86 units C. 8 units


B. 6 units D. 8.75 units

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝑌
3. 𝑆𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = 15 cm, 𝑇𝑌
̅̅̅̅ are secants. If 𝑆𝑌 ̅̅̅̅ = 6 cm, and LY = 8 cm. What is the length
̅̅̅̅
of 𝐸𝑌?

A. 20 cm C. 11.25 cm
B. 12 cm D. 6.75 cm

̅̅̅ = 18, 𝐹𝐼
4. If 𝑇𝐼 ̅ = 16, what is the value of x?
̅̅̅ = 8, and 𝑆𝐼

A. 9 units C. 8.25 units S H x


B. 12 units D. 10.75 units I
F
T
̅̅̅̅ ?
5. What is the length of 𝑆𝑂

O R
9 A 16

A. 20 units B. 12 units C. units D. 8 units

2
LEARNING ACTIVITIES

How did you find the preceding


activity? Were you able to answer
each question? Are you ready to find
out the relationship among two
intersecting chords of a circle?

Of course you are ready!


So begin by understanding the
important notes and examples
presented.

In the circle below, chords ̅̅̅̅


𝑃𝑄 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 are drawn intersecting at E.

Chord ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ is divided into


𝑃𝑄 is divided into segments PE=6 and EQ=3, while chord 𝑅𝑆
segments RE=2 and ES=9.

What is the product of PE ∙ EQ and RE ∙ ES?

What do you observe about the products of the lengths of the segments in each chord:
PE ∙ EQ and RE ∙ ES?

The equation involving the products of the lengths of the segments is stated in the
following theorem:

Theorem: If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of


the measures of the segments of one chord is equal to the
product of the measures of the segments of the other chord.

3
Example 1:

̅̅̅̅ intersects at point N. If 𝑅𝑁


̅̅̅̅̅and 𝑂𝐴
Chords 𝑅𝑀 𝑁𝑀 = 7 and ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ = 12, ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑁 = 8, find ̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐴

𝑅𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝐴
12 ∙ 7 = 8 ∙ 𝑥
84 = 8𝑥
10.5 = 𝑥
By substitution:
𝑅𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝑀 = 𝑂𝑁 ∙ 𝑁𝐴
12 ∙ 7 = 8 ∙ 10.5
84 = 84
Example 2:

Find the value of x.

𝐹𝑆 ∙ 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐺
6 ∙4=3 ∙𝑥
24 = 3𝑥
8=𝑥
By substitution:
𝐹𝑆 ∙ 𝐴𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆 ∙ 𝑆𝐺
6 ∙4=8 ∙3
24 = 24

Were you able to determine the


relationship that exists among
segments formed by two intersecting
chords of a circle? Get ready to learn
tangent and secant segments!

4
Observe the
given figures
below.

Figure 1 Figure 2

What’s the difference between


the two given figures?
Can you identify the secant and
tangent lines in figure 2? What
do you call ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑀 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑀 ? What
about ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝑀?

.
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸𝑀
𝐴𝑀 ̅̅̅̅̅ is called
̅̅̅̅̅ are called external secant segments while 𝐶𝑀
the tangent segment.
External Secant Segment – the part of a secant segment that is outside
a circle.
Tangent Segment - intersects the circle at one and only one point.

5
In this section, we will discuss the
relationship of two secants, and a
tangent and secants intersecting outside
the circle.

The following theorems involve the relationship that exists between secant segments,
tangent segments, and external secant segments.

Theorem: If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,
then the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external secant
segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other secant segment and
its external secant segment.

Theorem: If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle


from an exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment
is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external
secant segment.

6
Examples:

Find the length of the unknown segment of the circles below to prove the theorems being
discussed.

̅̅̅̅ and tangent 𝐽𝐼


a. Secant 𝐻𝐼 ̅ intersect at I. b.
If ̅𝐻𝐼
̅̅̅ = 28 and ̅̅̅ ̅.
𝐾𝐼 = 7, find 𝐽𝐼

Solutions:
b. 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐻 ∙ 𝑀𝐶
2
a. (𝐽𝐼) = 𝐻𝐼 ∙ 𝐾𝐼 15 ∙ 4 = 5(𝑥 + 5)
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 28 ∙ 7 60 = 5𝑥 + 25
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 196 60 − 25 = 5𝑥
𝐽𝐼 = 14 35 = 5𝑥
By substitution: 7=𝑥
(𝐽𝐼)2 = 𝐻𝐼 ∙ 𝐾𝐼 By substitution:
142 = 28 ∙ 7 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐻 ∙ 𝑀𝐶
196 = 196 15 ∙ 4 = 5(7 + 5)
60 = 60

Your goal in this section is to take a closer look at some aspects of the topic.
You are going to think deeper and test further your understanding of tangents
and secant segments.

Example 1:
̅̅̅̅ and 𝑅𝑆
Given: 𝑃𝑄 ̅̅̅̅ are two chords intersecting at E
Prove: PE ∙ EQ = RE ∙ ES

7
Solution:

Using two-column proof:

Statements Reasons
1. Draw chord 𝑅𝑃 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑄𝑆 1. Definition of chord

2.LR ≅ LQ 2. If two inscribed angles


LP ≅ LS intercept the same arc, then the angles are
congruent.
3. ∆PRE ~ ∆SQE 3. AA Similarity Postulate
𝑅𝐸 𝑃𝐸 4. Def. of similar triangles
4. 𝐸𝑄 = 𝐸𝑆
5. 𝑃𝐸 ∙ 𝐸𝑄 = 𝑅𝐸 ∙ 𝐸𝑆 5. Means-Extremes Theorem

Example 2:
Observe the figure below.

1. Identify the secant and tangent segment.


2. What relationship exist in the given figure?
3. How will you prove that 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐶𝐷)2 ?

Solution

1. Secant segment ̅̅̅̅


𝐶𝐴 , tangent segment ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷
2. Secant segment 𝐶𝐴̅̅̅̅ and tangent segment 𝐶𝐷
̅̅̅̅ intersect at point C outside
2
the circle. Thus, 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐶𝐷) .

3. Prove: 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐶𝐷)2

Statements Reasons
1. Draw chords ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷. 1. Definition of a chord
1 2. Inscribed Angle theorem
̂
2. mLA = m𝐵𝐷
2
1 3. The measure of an angle formed by a chord and a
̂
3. mLD = m𝐵𝐷
2
tangent is half the intercepted arc.
4. mLA = mLD 4. Substitution property

8
5. LA ≅ LD 5. Definition of congruent angles
6. LC ≅ LC 6. Reflexive Property
7. ∆ 𝐴𝐶𝐷 ~ ∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 7. AA Similarity Postulate
𝐴𝐶 𝐷𝐶 8. Definition of similar Triangles
8. =
𝐷𝐶 𝐵𝐶
9. 𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐷𝐶 ∙ 𝐶𝐷 𝑜𝑟 9. Means-Extremes Theorem
𝐴𝐶 ∙ 𝐵𝐶 = (𝐷𝐶)2

Example 3:

̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅


Given: 𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑃 are two secants drawn from the point
Prove: 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃 ∙ 𝑁𝑃

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. LP ≅ LP 1. Reflexive Property
2. Draw ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 and 𝐵𝑀 2. Two points determine a line.
3.LPAN ≅ LPBM 3. Inscribe angles that intercept the
same arc are congruent.
4. ∆𝑃𝐴𝑁 ~ ∆𝑃𝐵𝑀 4. AA Similarity Postulate
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑃 5. Corresponding sides of similar
5. 𝑁𝑃 = . 𝑀𝑃
triangles are proportional
6. 𝐴𝑃 ∙ 𝑀𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃 ∙ 𝑁𝑃 6. MPE

Were you able to prove the theorems


on intersecting chords, secant
segments, and tangent segments?
Let us find out more about
these theorems and their
applications by performing
the next activities.
Good luck!

9
PRACTICE EXERCISES

PRACTICE TASK 1

FIND THE LENGTH!

Find the length of an unknown segment (x) by applying the theorem on two intersecting
chords. Given chords ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 intersect at T. Find the value of x.

1. 2. 3.
J x U
T
4
5 6
E N

PRACTICE TASK 2

WHAT’S MY VALUE?

Find the length of the unknown segment (x) in each of the following figures.

1. 2.

2.

̅̅̅̅̅ = 3x, 𝐴𝑇
3. If 𝑀𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ = 5, and 𝐻𝑇
̅̅̅̅ = 10, find x and 𝑀𝑇
̅̅̅̅̅

10
PRACTICE TASK 3

PROVE ME RIGHT!

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐷𝐸
1. Given: 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ are chords of ⊙ 𝐶 intersecting at M.
Prove: 𝐴𝑀 ⋅ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀 by completing the table below.

Statement Reason
1 ̂ and mLBDE = 1 (𝑚𝐵𝐸)
̂
1. mLBAE = 2
(𝑚𝐵𝐸) 2
2. LBAE ≅ LBDE
3. ∆𝐴𝑀𝐸 ~ ∆𝐷𝐵𝑀
𝐸𝑀 𝐵𝑀
4. 𝐴𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀
5. 𝐴𝑀 ∙ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀

Lengths of sides of similar triangles are proportional.


Inscribed angles intercepting the same arc are congruent.
The measure of an inscribed angle is one-half the measure of its
intercepted arc.
Multiplication Property
AA Similarity Theorem

𝐷𝑃 and ̅̅̅̅
2. Given: ̅̅̅̅ 𝐷𝑆 are chords of ⊙ T drawn from exterior point D.
Prove: 𝐷𝑃 ∙ 𝐷𝑄 = 𝐷𝑆 ∙ 𝐷𝑅

Statement Reason
1. LQPR ≅ LPQS and LPQS ≅ LSRP 1.

2. 2. Supplements of congruent angles are


congruent.
3. ∆𝐷𝑄𝑆 ~ ∆𝐷𝑅𝑃 3.

11
4. 4. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
proportional.
5. 5.Multiplication Property

.3. Given : ̅̅̅̅


𝐾𝐿 and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝑀 are tangent and secant segments, respectively, of ⊙ O drawn from
exterior of K.
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐾𝑀 intersects ⊙ O at N.

Prove: (𝐾𝐿)2 = 𝐾𝑀 ∙ 𝐾𝑁

Statement Reason
1 1.
1. ̂ ) and
mLNLK = 2(m𝐿𝑁
1
mLLMN = (m𝐿𝑁̂)
2
2. mLNLK = mLLMN 2.
3. LNLK ≅ LLMN 3.
4. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLLMN 4.
5. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLNLK 5
6. mLKLM = mLNLM + mLNLK 6.
7. mLLNK = mLKLM 7.
8. LLNK ≅ mLKLM 8.
9. ∆𝑀𝐾𝐿 ~ ∆𝐿𝑁𝑀 9.
𝐾𝑀 𝐾𝐿 10.
10. 𝐾𝐿 = 𝐾𝑁
11. KM ∙ KN = |𝐾𝐿|2 11.

Angle Addition Postulate


Transitive Property
Angles with equal measures are congruent.
Lengths of sides of similar triangles are proportional.
Multiplication Property
The measure of the exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of its
remote interior angles.
AA Similarity Theorem
The measure of an inscribed angle is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Substitution

12
POST TEST

1. What is the length of ̅̅̅̅


𝐴𝑆 in the figure on the right?

A. 6.92 units C. 14.4 units


117 130
B. 10 units D. 9 units

For items 2 and 3, refer to the figure below.


C
A
O
D
B
Chords ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 intersect at O.

2. If OD = 3, OC = 10, and AO = 16, find OB.


16 15
A. 3
units B. 8
units C. 1.85 units D. 2.75 units

3. If CD = 8, AO = 2, and OB = 6, find CO.

A. 6 B. 4 C. 8 D. 2.5

4. In the figure below, ̅̅̅̅


𝑇𝐴 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐴 are secants. If TA = 18 cm, LA = 8 cm, and AE = 10 cm.
̅̅̅̅?
What is the length of 𝐴𝐻

A. 18 cm B. 20 cm C. 22.5 cm D. 24.5 cm

For items 5 and 6.


̅̅̅̅ intersect at point P outside circle O.
̅̅̅̅̅ and 𝑆𝑃
Secants 𝑀𝑃

13
5. If MP = 20, NP = 8, and SP = 15, what is the length of PR.
32 33
A. units B. units C. 10.5 units D. 12.25 units
3 2

6. If MP = 21, MN = 16, SP = 15, and RP = 7, what is the length of NP?

A. 8 units B. 6 units C. 5 units D. 4 units

̅̅̅̅̅ and secant 𝑀𝑇 intersect at point M.


7. Find the value of x when tangent 𝐶𝑀
M
4
S
x
6

C T

A. 6.5 units B. 4.5 units C. 5 units D. 6.32 units

8. If tangent ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑉 = 10, secant ̅̅̅̅
𝐿𝑉 = 25, what is the value of x from the figure below?

A. 4 units B. 3 units C. 5 units D. 6 units

For items 9 and 10.


Complete the table below.
̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐻
Given 𝐴𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ are secant segments of circle C from exterior point A.
Prove: 𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝐴𝐿 = 𝐴𝐻 ∙ 𝐴𝐸

Proof:
Statement Reason
1. LLTE ≅ LEHL and LTLH ≅ 1.Inscribed angles intercepting the same
LHET arc are congruent.

14
2. LALH ≅ LAET 2. Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆𝐴𝐿𝐻 ~ ∆𝐴𝐸𝑇 3.
𝐴𝑇 𝐴𝐻 4.Lenghts of sides of similar triangles are
4. = proportional.
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐿
5. 𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝐴𝐿 = 𝐴𝐻 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 5.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Answer the problems below.

̅̅̅̅ and 𝑊𝑈
1. In the figure below, 𝑆𝑈 ̅̅̅̅̅ are secant segments and 𝑋𝑈
̅̅̅̅ is a tangent segment. If
𝑊𝑈 =14, 𝑆𝑇 =12, and 𝑇𝑈 = 4, find:
a. 𝑉𝑈
b. 𝑋𝑈

2. Find the length of the unknown segment.

15
ANSWER KEY

PRE-TEST
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C

PRACTICE EXERCISES

PRACTICE TASK 1

1. 𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐵 = 𝐶𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐷 2. 𝑇𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑆𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 3. 𝐽𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑁 = 𝐸𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑈
𝑥 ∙𝑥 =4 ∙9 13 ∙ 10 = 𝑥 ∙ 9 4 ∙6=5 ∙𝑥
𝑥 2 = 36 130 = 9𝑥 24 = 5𝑥
130
𝑥=6 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑥 = 4.8
By substitution: 9 By substitution:
𝐴𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐵 = 𝐶𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝐷 By substitution:
𝑇𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝐸 = 𝑆𝐴 ∙ 𝐴𝑅 𝐽𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑁 = 𝐸𝑇 ∙ 𝑇𝑈
6 ∙6=4 ∙9 4 ∙ 6 = 5 ∙ 4.8
36 = 36 13 ∙ 10 = 𝑥 ∙ 9
130 24 = 24
130 = 9( )
9 .
130 = 130

PRACTICE TASK 2
2. (𝐸𝑉)2 = 𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑂𝑉 3. (𝐻𝑇)2 = 𝑀𝑇 ∙ 𝑀𝐴
1. 𝐺𝑀 ∙ 𝐺𝐴 = 𝐺𝐶 ∙ 𝐺𝐼
6(𝑥 + 6) = 14 ∙ 6 102 = 25 ∙ 𝑥 102 = (3𝑥 + 5) 5
6𝑥 + 36 = 84 100 = 25𝑥 100 = 15𝑥 + 25
6𝑥 = 84 − 36 4=𝑥 75 = 15𝑥
6𝑥 = 48 By substitution: 5=𝑥
𝑥=8 (𝐸𝑉)2 = 𝐿𝑉 ∙ 𝑂𝑉 By substitution:
By substitution: 100 = 25 ∙ 4 (10)2 = (3𝑥 + 5) 5
𝐺𝑀 ∙ 𝐺𝐴 = 𝐺𝐶 ∙ 𝐺𝐼 100 = 100 (10)2 = (15𝑥 + 25)
6(8 + 6) = 14 ∙ 6 100 = 15 ∙ 5 + 25
84 = 84 100 = 100

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 = 3𝑥 + 5
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 = 3(5) + 5
̅̅̅̅̅ = 20
𝑀𝑇

16
PRACTICE TASK 3

1.
Statement Reason
1 ̂ and The measure of an inscribed angle is one-
mLBAE =2 (𝑚𝐵𝐸)
1 half the measure of its intercepted arc.
mLBDE = ̂
(𝑚𝐵𝐸)
2
LBAE ≅ LBDE Inscribed angles intercepting the same arc
are congruent.
∆𝐴𝑀𝐸 ~ ∆𝐷𝐵𝑀 AA Similarity Theorem
𝐸𝑀 𝐵𝑀 Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
=
𝐴𝑀 𝐷𝑀 proportional.
𝐴𝑀 ∙ 𝐵𝑀 = 𝐷𝑀 ∙ 𝐸𝑀 Multiplication Property

2.
Statement Reason
1. LQPR ≅ LPQS and LPQS ≅ LSRP 1.Inscribed angles intercepting the same
arc are congruent.
2. LDQS ≅ LDRP 2. Supplements of congruent angles are
congruent.
3. ∆𝐷𝑄𝑆 ~ ∆𝐷𝑅𝑃 3. AA similarity Theorem
𝐷𝑃 𝐷𝑆 4. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
4. 𝐷𝑅 = 𝐷𝑄
proportional.
5. DP ∙ DQ = DS ∙ DR 5.Multiplication Property

3.
Statement Reason
1 1. The measure of an inscribed angle is
1. ̂ ) and
mLNLK = 2(m𝐿𝑁
1 one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
̂)
mLLMN = 2(m𝐿𝑁
2. mLNLK = mLLMN 2. Transitive Property
3. LNLK ≅ LLMN 3. Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
4. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLLMN 4. The measure of the exterior angle of a
triangle is equal to the sum of the
measures of its remote interior angles.
5. mLLNK = mLNLM + mLNLK 5. Substitution
6. mLKLM = mLNLM + mLNLK 6. Angle Addition Postulate
7. mLLNK = mLKLM 7. Transitive Property
8. LLNK ≅ mLKLM 8. Angles with equal measures are
congruent.
9. ∆𝑀𝐾𝐿 ~ ∆𝐿𝑁𝑀 9. AA Similarity Theorem
𝐾𝑀 𝐾𝐿 10. Lengths of sides of similar triangles are
10. 𝐾𝐿
= 𝐾𝑁
proportional.
11. KM ∙ KN = |𝐾𝐿|2 11. Multiplication Property

17
POST TEST

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C
5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A
9 – 10. AAA Similarity Theorem, Multiplication Property

References

Mathematics Learner’s Module for Grade 10 (DepEd)


Julieta G. Bernabe et al (2014). Quezon City. Our World of Math Grade 10. Vibal
Group Inc..
Mathematics Dictionary App

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