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Intelligent Flow Meter Using Swarm Intelligence Kalaiselvan.G
Intelligent Flow Meter Using Swarm Intelligence Kalaiselvan.G
I.INTRODUCTION
Flow controls plays major role in power plant
industries, oil and natural gas industries and food and
pharmaceutical industries in controlling many parameters.
Flow control is achieved using flow meters. Flow
measuring instruments derives its principle from
Bernoulli’s theorem.
The high sensitivity and ruggedness of Venturi makes
it widely applicable whereas the problem of offset, elevated
non-linear response characteristics, dependence of output
on the venturi- pipe diameter ratio, liquid density and
temperature have restricted its use and further imposing
difficulties. To overcome the difficulties caused by
nonlinear response characteristics of the venturi, several
techniques have been recommended which are monotonous
and time consuming. Further, the calibration process needs
to be repeated every time the diameter ratio or liquid is
changed. The change in liquid temperature heightens the
problem of linearity of a venturi as the output is dependent
on temperature and flow rate of the liquid. To overcome the
above difficulties, this paper suggests a smart flow
measurement technique which uses artificial neural
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II.VENTURI FLOWMETER
Where
Cd – Discharge coefficient
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Where
ρt – specific density of liquid at temperature ‘t oC’
ρto – specific density of liquid at temperature ‘to oC’
Pt – pressure at temperature ‘t oC’
Pto – pressure at temperature ‘to oC’
k – Bulk modulus of liquid
α – temperature coefficient of liquid
The block diagram representation of the proposed
instrument
III.METHODOLOGY
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PSO
k 1
X id X id
k
Vidk 1 , d 1,2... D
(2)
where rand1() and rand2() are samples from a uniform
random number generator, k represents a relative time
index, c1 is a weight determining the impact of the previous
best solution and c2 is the weight on the global best
solution’s impact on particle velocity. For more details of
the particle swarm optimization algorithm the reader is
referred to (Veeramachaneni et al. 2003, 2007).Generally,
in population-based search optimization methods,
considerably high diversity is necessary during the early
part of the search to allow the full range of the search
space. On the other hand, during the latter part of the
search, when the algorithm is converging to the optimal
solution, fine-tuning of the solutions is important to find the
global optima efficiently (Ratnaweera et al. 2004).
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3rd layer 7
s in 4th layer 8
1st layer tansig
Transf
2nd layer tansig
er
3rd layer tansig
functio
4th layer tansig
n of
Output layer tansig
PSO
Parameter
Value or Range
Initial Weight 0.5
Final Weight -
c1 2
c2 2
r1 [0, 1]
r2 [0, 1]
training training
unit
CPU CPU
number Error Error
time time
`3 8.4e_004 29.8s 4.2e_004 14.9s
4 8.9e_004 35.3s 6.5e_005 16.7s
5 8.3e_004 39.5s 7.4e_005 18.9s
6 4.3e_004 48.6s 6.9e_005 19.4s
7 7.8e_004 49.9s 5.74e_005 21.3s
VI.CONCLUSION
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VII.REFERENCES
[1] A. van Ooyen, B. Nienhuis, Improving the
convergence of the back-propagation algorithm, Neural
Network 5 (4) (1992) 465–471.
[2] Carlisle, A., and Dozier, G., (2000).Adapting Particle
Swarm Optimization to Dynamic Environments.
Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 429-434.
[3] Chunkai Zhang, Huihe Shao, Yu Li, Particle swarm
optimization for evolving artificial neural network, in:
Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on System, Man, and
Cybernetics, vol. 4 (2000) 2487–2490.
[4] Cui Zhihua, Zeng Jianchao, Nonlinear particle swarm
optimizer: Framework and the implementation of
optimization, control, in: Proc. of Automation, Robotics
and Vision Conference, 2004. ICARCV 2004 8th, vol. 1
(2004) 238–241.
[5] D.S. Chen, R.C. Jain, A robust Back-propagation
Algorithm for Function Approximation, IEEE Trans.
Neural Network 5 (1994) 467–479.
[6] D.S. Huang, Systematic Theory of Neural
Networks for Pattern Recognition, Publishing
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