INTERNSHIP REPORT

BASED ON

Organization name

BY

Student name: Jhanzeb Riffat Khan

ROLL NO. BX510566
REGISTRATION NO.09KBH0799
MSC. MASS COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED TO

CHAIRMAN DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
 I dedicate my internship
Report to my parents
Who always supported me at
every step of life as well as
to my teachers who guided me
whenever I needed.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to Almighty Allah who strengthened me to complete course

work of MSc. Mass Communication program having alone internship
successfully at Daily Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot. I am thankful to my family as
well as friends who prayed for my success.

I am thankful to Abid Hussin, Chief Editor Daily Kashmir Dharti

Rawalakot. Especially, I have now word to say thanks to Umer Khmmam,
Editor,Daily Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot who supervised to me and gave me
fruitful information related to subject matter encouraging at every phase.
Certainly, he has enormous experience in the field of production and concerning
areas.

Moreover, I would say thanks to everyone working in the Daily Kashmir

Dharti Rawalakot who guided in every sphere of the field.
 SUMMARY OF PROGRAM
I have done Msc. Mass Communication program from Allama Iqbal Open
University Islamabad. Internship is the requirement of degree program. After
getting internship letter by respective authority, I submitted it to Abid Hussin,
Chief Editor Daily Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot. In physical meeting with Chief
Editor I got information about Daily Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot. He referred me
to Mr. to Umer Khmmam, Editor,Daily Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot for further
processing.

Eventually, I was told to work with Mr. to Umer Khmmam, Editor,Daily

Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot who briefed me verbally the overall function of Daily
Kashmir Dharti Rawalakot but also physically introduced the Sub Editor.
Initially, I started work with the Sub Editor.
 INTRODUCTION OF ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

The aim of every educational organization is to educate and prepare their

student to become useful and an educated member of a society. Education equips
them with the power to understand their chosen field of study, theatrically an
practically in some cases. Educational organizations empower students with in
depth knowledge, which enables them to become positive and productive citizens
of a society. Allama Iqbal Open University is also following these footsteps.

The target students of AIOU are those who cannot get education due to
unforeseeable reasons from a basic certificate course to research level degree is
facilitated at AIOU doorsteps of respective students.

Those who cannot attend regular education from schools, colleges and
universities can get admission here. That is the main aim and objective of distance
learning education system at AIOU. All learning material is being provided to
students by university at the doorsteps. Semester wise workshops are held so that
distance cannot become a barrier in learning, especially the female students are
beneficiaries of this system because our social system mostly does not allow them
to get higher education or in some areas they are deprived of formal or basic
education. AIOU has currently over 1.4 million students enrolled and figure is at
rise every passing year.

The most facilitated practice adopted by AIOU is its broadcast on Television

and Radio. AIOU produces Television programs itself at Institute of Educational
Technology and airs these programs on Pakistan Television Network on over the air
transmission. The format of these programs is related to student course text books
and according to their respective semesters. Students are provided the schedule of
these broadcasts so they could take benefit from these programs.

AIOU is keeping the pace up by equipping itself with latest technology to

prepare its students with useful and up to date education innovations so that they
could become fully equipped professionals and to be a useful member of a society.
 INTRODUCTION OF IET AIOU
Institute of Educational Technology was established with foundation of
the AIOU in 1974. The Institute was established to produce Audio and visual
materials to promote and support the distance teaching based courses of the
University. The material produced by the Institute was two types. Broadcast
media and non broadcast media. Both are very useful for students of the
University. With the passage of time the Institute made progress rapidly to
meet the challenges of the new era. Today the institute has its own FM Radio
station 91.6 frequency AIOU WEB TV and Television production house. The
Institute is also planning to start its own Television station in near future.

The Institute comprises the following Departments:

1- Program Production Department

2- The Design Department/ photographic section
3- The Engineering Department
4- An Archives Section / A material Coordinator
5- Main office

PURPOSE:
The purpose was to approach and target those who desire to have
education but don’t have enough recourse and those who have social and
geographical barriers in their way of getting education by effectively using three
mass media i.e. print, sound and picture for its delivery system.
AIM:
The aim of internship was to learn about the world affairs and our
national activities as media person. Being a media individual now I am obese

ning differently rather than others.

 DAILY WORKSHEET
S# Date Activity
• 21-04-2019 Met with Deputy Controller and producers. Later physical
introduction to PTV News current affairs.
• 22-04-2019 Visited to Radio Studio Understanding how to transmit
the programs doing various steps. Announcement from
91.6 MHz frequency.
• 23-04-2019
• 24-04-2019
• 25-04-2019 Outdoor recording program (Portray Farming ) at Kurri
City Islamabad.
• 26-04-2019 Learned some transmission techniques. Looked how to
record programs.
• 27-04-2019 Monitoring the FM transmission full day.
• 28-04-2019 Monitoring the FM transmission full day.
• 29-04-2019 Monitoring the FM transmission full day.
• 30-04-2019
• 01-05-2019
• 02-05-2019 Studio recording program of pottery farming at studio(A).
• 03-05-2019 I had a thorough discussion with Mr. Ghulam Umer Abbasi
on program production.
• 04-05-2019 Observed the Editing process of TV program.
• 05-05-2019 Looked and observed the Web TV channel of AIOU.
• 06-05-2019 Visited to TV studio and live announcement from 91.6MHz
• 07-05-2019 Observed the Editing process of TV program.
• 08-05-2019 Observed the editing process of TV program.
• 09-05-2019 Observed the audio recording on Jamia Nama of AIOU
• 10-05-2019 Observed the recording of Educational program.
• 11-05-2019
• 12-05-2019
• 13-05-2019 Observed the editing process of E learning Workshop
 program.
• 14-05-2019 O B van recording
• 15-05-2019 Observed the promo recording .
• 16-05-2019 Script writing
• 17-05-2019 Script writing
• 18-05-2019
• 19-05-2019
• 20-05-2019 Special transmission in connection with Allama Iqbal Day .
• 21-05-2019 Learnt how to prepare queue sheet for FM radio programs
• 22-05-2019 Prepared queue sheet under the supervision of Mr. Umer
Abbasi
• 23-05-2019 script writing
• 24-05-2019 script writing
• 25-05-2019
• 26-05-2019
• 27-05-2019 Observed the audio recording on Jamia Nama of AIOU
• 28-05-2019 Looked and observed the
• 29-05-2019 Observed the arrangements for recording of a seminar
organized by
• 30-05-2019 Observed the recording, program recorded by Mr.
MuhJawad Jawad, Producer IET
• 31-05-2019 Observed the editing process sitting with Mr. Raheel
Taher
• 01-06-2019 Saturday
• 02-06-2019 Sunday
• 03-06-2019 Observed the promo recording .
• 04-06-2019 Took part of audio recording in program AIOU Round Up
• 05-06-2019 Mr. Ghulam Umer Abbasi
• 06-06-2019
• 07-06-2019
• 08-06-2019 Saturday
• 09-06-2019 Sunday
• 10-06-2019 Election Holliday
• 11-06-2019
• 12-06-2019
• 13-06-2019
• 14-06-2019
• 15-06-2019 Saturday
 • 16-06-2019 Sunday
• 17-06-2019
• 18-06-2019

AUDIO PRODUCTION
Radio
Radio is considered as a personal, intimate, friendly and within reach of
masses. The qualities coupled with its easy access to homes and work places
and cost effectiveness is suitable for use of the medium as an educational tool.

The FM would be used for expended technique and learning services,

explaining text material of the university courses as well as to provide general
information and keeping linkage with the widely spread and scattered students.
This will help bridge the gap of communication between students and teachers
as well as between students and the university support services.

INTRODUCTION OF VOCIE OF ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN

UNIVERSITY FM 91.6 MHZ
Institute of Educational Technology grasp the opportunity to expand its
horizons in terms of ease of reach for its students and constructed new building
for FM radio station and channel. On 15 th August 2009 FM radio broadcast
facility was tested on air at 91.6 MHz frequency test transmission of “Voice of
Allama Iqbal Open University” has already commenced on frequency 61.6 MHz
on the FM band.

The FM was started with minimum coverage area of Rawalpindi and

Islamabad through 1.2KW transmitter in Radius of 40KMS.

Daily live transmission timings: 9:00am to 1:00pm

Repeat Transmission: 1:30pm to 5:30pm
 There are different formats of radio programs. The brief detail is given
below:

Radio Talk:
It is commonly used format of Radio broadcasting where information is
delivered in a simple manner.

Radio interview:
Radio interview is closer to two way communication. In educational
context the interviewee represents the teacher while the interviewer
represents the pupils.

Discussion:
In discussion program more than one discusses the subject. In discussion
we gathered all the view of participants.

Feature:
Feature is the drama which is without conflict. Feature is all simple
narration without conflict.

Investigative Report:
An investigative report is a document that is meant to provide
information on certain topics that are not easily obtained. The objective should
be clear.

Documentary:
A documentary is a Radio program, which shows real events or provides
information about a particular subject.
Drama:
Radio drama is the real fantasy of mind, because listener places character
in his mind and with the help of sound to determines the situation and
movements of characters, in other words it is a theatre of mind.

Magazine Program:
Magazine program is a format in which a number of short items on some
related topic are linked together through narration or other devices like music
or pauses.

Audio Recording:
Audio recording is done in audio studio in a very professional manner by
very experienced individuals. I learned about on a training session. Radio studio
is a sound proof compact room and same is the recording control room.
Different dimensions and types of microphones are used in the recording
process. The following processes are done in the recording:

• Sound Capturing

• Audio leveling

• Multiple microphones audio management

• Mixing audio of more than one microphone

• Conversation of audio recording into required format

• Bouncing
Audio and Video Editing:
Audio editing of recorded programs is made at editing room audio editors
on special software designed for the purpose of editing. The following processes
are completed on this software:

• Audio leveling

• Clipping

• Insertions

• Background music and mixing

• Addition of startup and ending Allma Iqbal Open University theme

• Sound

PLANNING OF AUDIO RECORDING

Audio recording process at IET is being done in a very professional
manner by very experienced and professionals. I learnt about it on a training
session.

Script planning:
Radio Script writing
Conceiving the idea:
The process of audio production starts with an idea, idea could be self
generated or followed by any necessity or demand of project. At IET the process
of audio production starts with the requirements of particular departments to
achieve the aim of “Education at doorsteps”.
 Demand of a program according to course requirement is forwarded to
IET from respective faculties of AIOU and they also provide the course or
curriculum which should be covered by IET audio program and later on
broadcast at particular given date.

I learnt the Following and these are very important points for script
writing:

• Radio script is a sample of our daily conversation. Therefore it is prepare

in such a form that looks like face to face talk. It never is look like a book
reading and it must be carry interest of one listener continuously. It is the
success of a producer when the listeners understand the same meaning
which he/she wants.

• Script writer always keep in mind the information in script do not pass in
one paragraph. It must be in many paragraphs for the ease of listeners.

• In script do not present facts with the help of figures in decimal method of
counting.

• The aspect which script writer wants to present describes in intro and at
the end of script is different ways to clarify it for listeners. It helps them to
portrait the picture in mind.

• A script revolves around a main idea. It highlights only few points. It is

important and compulsory characteristic of script that it motivates the
listeners to thinks and decide.

• The language of script must be easy, clear and unambiguous. No need use
difficult words to impress the listeners. Difficult language creates
problems in presentation.

• Use of complicated words is against the essence of script.

VETTING OF SCRIPT WRITING
Script is always vetted by producer before going on air. Vetting is a
technical process in order to improve the standard of script. A producer always
keeps the following points in his mind during vetting process:

• Script does not contain any material which is contrary to the ideological
foundations of the country.

• Main idea of the script should not change during vetting process.

• Point out those thoughts which are against the basic needs of the
program.

• To check the continuity of thoughts in script.

• To check the length of script for time limitation.

 INTRODUCTION TO RADIO STUDIO
Radio studio is like a room where sound is recorded and also broadcast.
Some time different studios are to be used for these purposes. Actually every
studio is built according to the nature of broadcasting material. Al material
which is used in studio can be affecting the sound. Normally the material used in
studio absorbed the sound waves. It does not create the echo which is harmful
for recording. Vibration control process is always according to the nature of
every program e.g. the requirement of vibration control of a music program is
vary from a discussion and interview program.

The main gadget of the studio is microphone. Every word which broadcast
always comes through microphone. There is no concept of studio without
microphones. Different microphones are to be used in studio according the
requirement of program. We cannot record and broadcast any sound without
microphone.

Types of Microphone:
1. Velocity Microphone:
These microphones are very sensitive. They capture the voice like original
voice. They normally used for music programs. They also can be used in every
kind of radio and television studios.

2. Dynamic Microphone:
This type of microphone is not sensitive. These microphones can be used
in open air and also used for recording in streets squares and railways station
etc. This type has multiple roles.
 CONTROL ROOM
Control room is known as studio both. One or two studios are contiguous with
control both. There is a mirror wall between control room and recording or
broadcasting studio. Both sides can see each other. It is better to built one
studio with one control room to improve and speed up the work. Nowadays a
computer is installed for recording.

There is a number of software in the market for recording. This software

has a number of features to improve recording. This software has made the
recording job very easy today as compare to one decade earlier. Wall clock is
very essential part of control room to check the duration of any program.

TRANSMITTER
Radio transmitter is used to broadcast a program. It mixes the sound
waves with electrical wave and transmitted them toward radio sets. Nowadays
frequency modulation transmitters are used commonly all part of the world.
The range of these transmitters is around 25km to 35km but the sound quality is
very good. Secondly the acceptance of FM radio is much more as compare to
amplitude modulation (AM) and short waves (SW).

In AIOU a frequency modulation transmitter is installed with the range of

40 KM range.
 RECORDING
Almost all programs were broadcasted lively when there were no
arrangements of recording. At that time broadcasting was very sensitive issue.
You cannot control the transmission if any mistake was committed by the
speaker. You were advised the speaker but not control him. It was necessary to
made broadcast safer and safe, the method of recording was introduced for
radio programs. The producer which was on the toe become relaxes after
induction of recording equipments in radio studios.

There are a number of methods to record a program like disc, wire and
tape recorder but today computer recording is on the way in every studio. All
other recording methods have become out of fashion today. It is very easy to
operate and cheap in cast.

RECORDING IN IET
In IET rewriteable computer discs are used for recording. Software pro.
Tools version 6.9 is used for recording in the studio of IET. Mr. Umer Abbasi told
me the following points that are to be kept in mind before starting a program
recording:

• It is necessary to get confirm from engineering department that all

recording systems and equipments are functional.

• All computer discs are in ready condition for new recording and provide
to engineering staff in recording room.

• Assent of scrip for recording must get from concern authority and if any
change is required made with the consent of author.

• To inform the performer about recording sign.

• To inform the performer turn over the paper very slightly otherwise
recording will become noisy.

• All irrelevant persons should out of the studio and recording room.
• Check the voice level and place the microphone at appropriate distance
from performer.

• Note down the mistakes of performer for correction and re-recording.

• On command of sound check the performer read some lines in script for
audio leveling and on command queue performer will mentally be ready
for recording and a command go the performer will start the recording.

• After the completion of recording get the computer disc for editing in
editing studio.

Audio and Video EDITING

• I observed and learnt more about editing from Mr. Raheel Tahir. He told
me that we made zero level of voice to make the voice of performer clear
and eliminate the unwanted noise.

• After clear a recording y editing the next step is mixing which is very
important to shine a program. Sometime music becomes the
reorganization of a program. Like BBC Urdu music which is on air
approximately from last sixty years.

• Sometimes intro and ending are also added separately.

• Sometimes to make as voice at appropriate level different commands are

used available in the editing software.
 CONCLUSION
In the end, when the conclusion of what I have learnt during the 60 days
of internship is required, the words are failing to describe it.

It is not that easy to explain in to acknowledge the practical experience

that IET has awarded me in the fields of radio production. It is an immense
honor for me to be an internee of IET. It gave me practical self, lot of application
based knowledge to explore future with different perspective.

It will not be out of place to say that AIOU is leaving no stone of Pakistan
not only within its bounds but outside it. I will always boast of myself as a proud
alumna of IET.