Outline Presentation: American Psychological Association (APA) Format and Style

Outline Presentation
American Psychological Association (APA)

Format and Style
1. Difference between Format and Style
2. Writing Style
2.1 In-Text Citation or Parenthetical
Citation
2.2 Referencing
3. Other Requirements
THESIS/DISSERTATION FORMAT&STYLE
ADAMSON UNIVERSITY-CBA
Format and Style
• The American Psychological Association (APA)
will be the preferred format and style.
• It consists of in-text or parenthetical citation
and referencing.
• The in-text or parenthetical citation is the
direct citation of the source of information
used inside the paper.
• The referencing is the complete lists of
publication details of the source of information
placed after Chapter 5 which refer to as the
“References”. THESIS/DISSERTATION FORMAT&STYLE
Format and Style
a) APA Style – characterized by writing
elements: clarity, literal writing, and brevity
(Vipond, 1993).
it is define as a writing approach that embodies
objectivity, credibility of sources, and an
evidenced approach.
b) APA Format – how your written work will

appear on paper: the margins, the font, when to
use ampersand (&), table format, etc..
Writing Style
a) Parenthetical or In-Text Citations
b) Referencing
When should you use parenthetical citations?
when quoting any words that are not your
own
▪Quoting means to repeat another
source word for word, using
quotation marks
When summarizing facts and ideas from
source
▪Summarizing means to take ideas
from a large passage of another
source and condense them, using
your own words
When should you use parenthetical
citations?
• When paraphrasing a source
• Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from
another source but change the paraphrasing
into your own words
Where to place parenthetical citations?
1. IDEA FOCUSED
▪ Place the author(s) and date(s) in
parentheses at an appropriate place in
or at the end of a sentence
▪ Sample Citation
Researchers have pointed out that
in-trained staff is a common barrier
to promote health education (Waist
& Christodulu, 2000)
Cont.
2. Researcher-focused
• place only the date in parenthesis
Sample citation
• Fisher (1999) recommended that

health education be required to high
school graduation in California.
Cont.
3. Chronology-focused
• Integrate both the author and date into
your sentence
• Sample Citation
In 2001, Weist proposed using the
Community Adolescent Planning Scheme to
analyze community mental health provided
for young people.
Cite source with no author
▪ Use the first few words of the title – in

quotation marks for article or chapter, in
italics for self contained item (“Mad Cow”
2001)
▪ An edited work with no author – use editor(s)
name in the author position.
Additional Information
• More than one author with the same last name

(H. James, 2003); (W. James, 2005)
• Two or more works in the same parentheses
(Caruth, 1996, Fussell, 2001; Showalter, 2003)
• Work with six or more auhtors (Smith, et al,
2005)
• Specific part of a source (Jones, 1999, chap. 2)
Additional Information
• A reference to a personal communication:
Source email message from C. Everett Koop
citation: (C.E. Koop, personal communication,
May 16, 2005)
• A general reference to a web site
(http://www.adamson.edu.ph)
Cite multiple sources in one reference
Two or more works in parenthesis

▪ arrange by order of the reference list; use a
semicolon between works
Representative works
▪ use e.g. (for sample citation)
Major work plus others
▪ use see also after major work
Cite an electronic source
entire web site

▪ don’t put on reference list include URL in-text
instead
▪ The University of Wisconsin’s Center Web Site
is an excellent source of information on writing
(http://www.wisc.edu/writing/)
Cite an electronic source
▪ direct quotation from electronic source without
page number
▪ use paragraph numbers (preceded by para or ¶;
add sections for long documents
Keys to Parenthetical Citations
Readability
▪ keep references brief
▪ give only information needed to identify the
source on your reference page
▪ do not repeat unnecessary information
Referencing
Sample Reference List Entry: Books
Book (single author)
• Barrow, M. (2001). Statistics for economics,
accounting, and business studies. United
Kingdom: Prentice Hall.
Book (2 authors)
• Zulueta, F. and Costales Jr., N.. (2003). Methods
of research thesis-writing and applied statistics.
Philippines: National Bookstore.
Sample Reference List Entry: Books
3 or more authors
• Martella, R., Nelson, R., & Marchand-Martella, N.
(1999). Research methods: learning to become a
critical research consumer. Mass.: Allyn & Bacon Co.
Book manuscript: submitted but not yet accepted

• Walrath, C., Bruns, E., Glass-Siegel, M. & Wiest, M.
(2000). The nature of expanded school mental health
service in Baltimore City. Manuscript submitted for
publication.
Reference List Entry: Government Report
Govt Report from govt printing office; org as author
• National Institute of Mental Health. (1998). Priorities for
prevention research (NIH Publication No. 98-4321).
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Govt Report obtained on-line; org as author
• U.N. Public Health Service. (2000). Report of the
surgeon general’s conference on children’s
mental health: A national section agenda.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services. Retrieved on August 25, 2001
from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/chilreport.htm
Reference list entry: Dissertation
Abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International

(DAI); obtained from university
• Fisher, C.J.(1999). The status of health
education in California’s public school
districts: A comparison to state and
national recommendations and status
reports (Doctoral dissertation, University of
Southern California, 1999). Dissertation
Abstracts International, 61 (02), 1926.
Abstracted in DAI; obtained from UMI

• Embar-Seddon, A.R. (2000), Perceptions of
violence in the emergency department.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 61
(02), 776A. (UMI No. 0063641)
Retrieved from online database
• Embar-Seddon, A.R. (2000), Perceptions of
violence in the emergency department.
Dissertation Abstracts International, 61
(02), 776A. Retrieved August 21,
2001, from http://wwwlib.umi.com/
dissertations/fullcit9963641
Reference list entry: Journal Article
Basic Form, Single author

• Richter, J. (2004). Public-private
partnerships for health: a trend with no
alternatives. Development, 47(2):43-48.
Journal paginated by issue 2 authors
• Tcha M. and Pershin V. (2003). Reconsidering

performance at the summer olympics and
revealed comparative advantage. Journal of
Sports Economics.4(3). 216-239.
In internet-only journal, secondary reference
▪ Greenberg, M.T., Domitrovich, C., &
Bumbarger, B. (2000, March 30). Prevention
of mental disorders in school-aged children:
Current state of the filed. Prevention
and Treatment, 4, Article 1. Retrieved
August 24, 2001 from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/
pre40001a.htm
Electronic version of print journal that differs
from print version (e.g. no page numbers in
text; tables reduced)
▪ Wiest, M.D. (2001). Toward a public mental
health promotion and intervention system
for youth. Journal of School Health, 71.
101-104. Retrieved August 25, 2001, from
ProQuest database.
Reference list entry: Magazine Article
Basic Form
• Greenberg, G. (2001, August 13). As good as
dead: there really such a thing as brain death?
New Yorker, 36-41.
Reference list entry: Newspaper Article
Basic Form (no author; electronic version found

on searchable, aggregated database)
• Mad-cow way tighten blood-donor

curbs.(2001, April 19). The Gazette
(Montreal), p. A13. Retrieved August 23,
2001, from Lexis-Nexis database.
Reference list entry: Conference paper
Basic Form
• Creapo, C.J. (1998 March). Update on
national data on asthma. Paper presented
at the meeting of the National Asthma
Education and Prevention Program,
Leesburg, VA.
Writing Format
• Page numbering and header: upper right-hand
corner of the page at least one inch
• Spacing: 1.5 space all throughout the

manuscript (may do some exceptions for
instance wider spaces between text and
headings and single spacing within reference list
items)
Cont.
• Indention: one tab key to indent the first line of
a paragraph
• Typeface: 12-point Arial
• Long quotations: place quotations of 40 or more
in double-spaced block form indent the entire
quotation five to seven spaces from the left
margin; incorporate quotations of less than 40
words in the text with double quotation marks.
Cont.
• Abbreviations: acronyms and abbreviations

must be spelled out completely on initial
appearance; avoid beginning a sentence with
acronym or an abbreviation.
• Capitalization: capitalize all words of four
letters or more in titles of books and articles in
text; do not capitalize names of laws, theories
and hypotheses except for proper noun.
Cont.
• Hyphenation: hyphenate compound
adjectives that precede the noun they modify
(ex: role-playing technique, two-way analysis,
middle-class income); do not hyphenate a
compound adjective if the meaning is
established (ex: grade point average, sex role
difference)
Cont.
• Numbers: Use figure for numbers 10 and

above; for numbers in group for comparison
(ex: 2 of 10 responses); for numbers
representing time; numbers in a a specific
place; table numbers; use words for numbers
below 10.
References
Andrews, R., Borg, E., Davis, S.B., Domingo M., &

England J., (2012). The SAGE handbook on
digital dissertations and theses. Thousand
Oaks, CA:Sage.
Bui, Y.N., (2014). How to write a master’s thesis.
Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
Furseth, I. & Everett, E.L., (2013). Doing your
master’s dissertation. Thousand Oaks,
CA:Sage.
Scwarts, B.M., Landrum, R.E. & Gurung, R.A.R.,
(2014). An easy guide to APA style. Thousand
Oaks, CA:Sage.

Outline Presentation: American Psychological Association (APA) Format and Style

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Outline Presentation: American Psychological Association (APA) Format and Style

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Outline Presentation

American Psychological Association (APA)

b) APA Format – how your written work will

• place only the date in parenthesis

• Fisher (1999) recommended that

▪ Use the first few words of the title – in

• More than one author with the same last name

Two or more works in parenthesis

entire web site

Book manuscript: submitted but not yet accepted

Abstracted in Dissertation Abstracts International

Abstracted in DAI; obtained from UMI

Basic Form, Single author

Journal paginated by issue 2 authors

• Tcha M. and Pershin V. (2003). Reconsidering

Basic Form (no author; electronic version found

• Mad-cow way tighten blood-donor

• Spacing: 1.5 space all throughout the

• Abbreviations: acronyms and abbreviations

• Numbers: Use figure for numbers 10 and

Andrews, R., Borg, E., Davis, S.B., Domingo M., &

You might also like