Coordinates: 11.25°N 75.

77°E

Kozhikode
Kozhikode ([koːɻikoːɖ] ( listen)), also known in English as Calicut, is an
Indian city and the second-largest metropolitan city in the State of Kerala. It is Kozhikode
also the 19th largest in the country with a population of two million according English: Calicut
to the 2011 census.[8] Kozhikode is classified as a Tier 2 city by the Metropolis
Government of India.[9]

It is the largest city in the region known as Malabar and was the capital of the
British-era Malabar district. In antiquity and the medieval period, Kozhikode
was dubbed the City of Spices for its role as the major trading point for Indian
spices.[1] It was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled by the Samoothiris
(Zamorins). The port at Kozhikode acted as the gateway to medieval South
Indian coast for the Chinese, the Arabs, the Portuguese, the Dutch and finally
the British.[10] According to data compiled by economics research firm Indicus
Analytics in 2009 on residences, earnings and investments, Kozhikode was
ranked the second best city in India to live in.[11]

Contents
Etymology
History
Early Kozhikode in foreign accounts
The Samoothiri
British Rule
Post Independence
Climate
Demographics
Civic administration
Kozhikode Municipal Corporation Election 2015
Law and order
Transport
Road Clockwise from top:
National highways Hilite Mall, KSRTC bus stand complex,
Calicut mini bypass, Kakkayam Valley,
State Highways
Chaliyam harbour, Kozhikode Beach,
Buses IIM Kozhikode, Calicut beach skyline.
Rail Nickname(s): City of Spices[1] (Other
Air nicknames include City of Truth,[2] City
of Sculptures[3])
Economy
Shopping
Music
Media
Radio
Television
Education
See also
References
Kozhikode
Further reading
External links

Etymology
The exact origin of the name Kozhikode is uncertain. According to many
sources, the name Kozhikode is derived from Koyil-kota (fort), meaning
fortified palace.[12] The name also got corrupted into Kolikod, or its anglicized
version Calicut.[13]

Arab merchants called it Qāliqūṭ (IPA: qˠaːliqˠːuːtˤ).[14] Chinese merchants

called it Kūlifo.[15]

Although the city's official name is Kozhikode, in English it is sometimes

known by its anglicised version, Calicut.[16] The word calico, a fine variety of
hand-woven cotton cloth that was exported from the port of Kozhikode, is
thought to have been derived from Calicut.[17] It is the historical capital of
Kerala as the history dates back to 1498 AD when Vasco da Gama landed in
Koyilandy, near Calicut.[18]

History
The ancient port of Tyndis which was located on the northern side of Muziris,
as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, was somewhere around
Kozhikode.[19] Its exact location is a matter of dispute.[19] The suggested
locations are Ponnani, Tanur, Beypore-Chaliyam-Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu, and
Koyilandy.[19] Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris,
between the Cheras and the Roman Empire.[20] Pliny the Elder (1st century
Kozhikode
CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of
Keprobotos (Chera dynasty).[21] The North Malabar region, which lies north of
the port at Tyndis, was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam
period.[19] According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a region known as
Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis. However the Ptolemy mentions only
Tyndis as the Limyrike's starting point. The region probably ended at
Kanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast.
The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around
50,000,000 sesterces.[22] Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by
pirates.[23] The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a
source of peppers.[24][25]
Kozhikode
In the 14th century, Kozhikode conquered larger parts of central Kerala after
the seize of Tirunavaya region from Valluvanad, which were under the control
of the king of Perumbadappu Swaroopam (Cochin). The ruler of
Perumpadappu was forced to shift his capital (c. CE 1405) further south from
Kodungallur to Kochi. In the 15th century, the status of Cochin was reduced to
a vassal state of Kozhikode, thus leading to the emergence of Kozhikode as the Kozhikode
most powerful kingdom in medieval Malabar Coast.[10]

The port at Kozhikode held the superior economic and political position in
medieval Kerala coast, while Kannur, Kollam, and Kochi, were commercially
Coordinates: 11.25°N 75.77°E
important secondary ports, where the traders from various parts of the world
would gather.[26] Kozhikode was the capital of an independent kingdom ruled Country India
by the samoothiris (Zamorins) in the Middle Ages and later of the erstwhile State Kerala
Malabar District under British rule. Arab merchants traded with the region as District Kozhikode
early as 7th century, and Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed at Government
Kozhikode on 20 May 1498, thus opening a trade route between Europe and
• Type Municipal corporation
India. A Portuguese factory and the fort was intact in Kozhikode for short • Mayor Dr. Beena Philip (CPI
period (1511–1525, until the Fall of Calicut). The English landed in 1615 (M))
(constructing a trading post in 1665), followed by the French (1698) and the • Collector Narasimhugari T L
Dutch (1752). In 1765, Mysore captured Kozhikode as part of its occupation of Reddy IAS[4]
the Malabar Coast. Kozhikode, once a famous cotton-weaving centre, gave its • Member of M. K. Raghavan
Parliament (Indian National
name to the Calico cloth.[27]
Congress)
It was ranked eleventh among Tier-II Indian Area[5]
cities in job creation by a study conducted by • Metropolis 118 km2 (46 sq mi)
ASSOCHAM in 2007.[28] • Metro 518 km2 (200 sq mi)
Elevation 1 m (3 ft)
Early Kozhikode in foreign Population (2011)
accounts • Metropolis 609,224
• Density 5,200/km2
(13,000/sq mi)
Accounts of the city and the conditions [6]
• Metro 2,028,399
prevailing then can be gleaned from the
chronicles of travellers who visited the port • Kozhikode 3,086,293
District
city.
Languages
Ibn Battuta (1342–1347), who visited six • Official Malayalam, English
times, gives the earliest glimpses of life in the Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
city. He describes Kozhikode as "one of the
great ports of the district of Malabar" where PIN 673 xxx
"merchants of all parts of the world are found Telephone 91 (0)495 , 496
here". The king of this place, he says, "shaves code
Vasco da Gama's arrival in
Calicut in 1498 ushered in his chin just as the Haidari Fakeers of Rome Vehicle KL 11, KL 18, KL 56,
registration KL 57, KL 76, KL 77,
five centuries of rule of the do... The greater part of the Muslim merchants KL 85, KLD & KLZ
Portuguese Empire in India, of this place are so wealthy that one of them (Historical)
lasting until 1961. can purchase the whole freightage of such Sex ratio 1.093 ♀/♂[7]
vessels put here and fit out others like Literacy 96.8%[7]
them".[29]
Website www.kozhikode.nic.in
Ma Huan (1403 AD), the Chinese (http://www.kozhikode.
sailor part of the Imperial Chinese fleet nic.in/)
under Cheng Ho (Zheng He)[30] lauds
the city as a great emporium of trade
frequented by merchants from around the
world. He makes note of the 20 or 30
mosques built to cater to the religious needs
Uru, a type of ship that was of the Muslims, the unique system of
Image of Kozhikode, India from
historically used for maritime trade, calculation by the merchants using their
Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg's
built at Beypore, Kozhikode fingers and toes (followed to this day) and
atlas Civitates Orbis terrarum, 1572
the matrilineal system of succession.

Abdur Razzak (1442–43) the ambassador of Persian Emperor Sha-Rohk finds the
city harbour perfectly secured and notices precious articles from several maritime countries especially from Abyssinia, Zirbad
and Zanzibar.

The Italian Niccolò de' Conti (1445), perhaps the first Christian traveller who noticed Kozhikode, describes the city as
abounding in pepper, lac, ginger, a larger kind of cinnamon, myrobalans and zedary. He calls it a noble emporium for all
India, with a circumference of 13 kilometres (8 miles).

The Russian traveller Athanasius Nikitin or Afanasy Nikitin (1468–74) calls 'Calecut' a port for the whole Indian sea and
describes it as having a "big bazaar."

Other travellers who visited Kozhikode include the Italian Ludovico di Varthema[31] (1503–1508) and Duarte Barbosa.[32]

The Samoothiri
Kozhikode and its suburbs formed part of the Polanad kingdom, which was a vassal
state to the Kolathunadu of North Malabar, ruled by the Porlatiri.[33] The Eradis of
Nediyiruppu at Kondotty in Eranad (Malappuram district) wanted an outlet to the
sea, to initiate trade and commerce with the distant lands.[34] and after fighting with
the king Polatthiri for 48 years conquered the area around Panniankara. After this,
Menokki became the ruler of Polanad and came to terms with the troops and
people.[35] After this, the town of Kozhikode was founded close to the palace at
Tali.[36] Then, the Eradis shifted their headquarters from Nediyiruppu to Kozhikode.
The Governor of Ernad built a fort at a place called Velapuram to safeguard his new
interests. The fort most likely lent its name to Koyil Kotta the precursor to The path Vasco da Gama took to
Kozhikode. Thus the city came into existence sometime in the 13th century CE. The reach Kozhikode (black line) in 1498,
status of Udaiyavar increased and he became known as Swami Nambiyathiri which was also the discovery of a
sea route from Europe to India, and
Thirumulpad, and eventually Samuri or Samoothiri. Europeans called him in a
eventually paved way for the
corrupt form as Zamorin. Following the discovery of sea route from Europe to
European colonisation of Indian
Kozhikode in 1498, the Portuguese began to expand their territories and ruled the
subcontinent.
seas between Ormus and the Malabar Coast and south to Ceylon.[37][38]

According to K.V. Krishna Iyer, the rise of Kozhikode is at once a

cause and a consequence of Samoothiri's ascendancy in Kerala. By the
end of the century, Samoothiri was at the zenith of his powers with all
princes and chieftains of Kerala north of Kochi acknowledging his
suzerainty.[39] The Sweetmeat Street (Mittayi Theruvu) was an
important trading street under Zamorin's rule.

The continouse wars between Zamorin navy under Kunjali Marakkars

and Portuguese in the 16th century CE reduced the importance of
Kozhikode as a centre of trade. The Kunjali Marakkars are credited
with organizing the first naval defense of the Indian coast.[40] The
Zamorin in the beginning of next century expelled Portuguese with the
help of Dutch East India Company. and In 1602, the Zamorin sent
messages to Aceh promising the Dutch a fort at Kozhikode if they
would come and trade there. Two factors, Hans de Wolff and Lafer,
were sent on an Asian ship from Aceh, but the two were captured by
the chief of Tanur, and handed over to the Portuguese.[41] A Dutch
fleet under Admiral Steven van der Hagen arrived at Kozhikode in
November 1604. It marked the beginning of the Dutch presence in India in early 1320 CE. Note that most of the parts
Kerala and they concluded a treaty with Kozhikode on 11 November of present-day state of Kerala was under the
1604, which was also the first treaty that the Dutch East India influence of the Zamorin of Kozhikode.
Company made with an Indian ruler. [10] By this time the kingdom and
the port of Kozhikode was much reduced in importance.[41] The treaty
provided for a mutual alliance between the two to expel the Portuguese from Malabar. In return the Dutch East India
Company was given facilities for trade at Kozhikode and Ponnani, including spacious storehouses.[41]

British Rule

The arrival of British in Kerala can be traced back to the year 1615, when a group under the leadership of Captain William
Keeling arrived at Kozhikode, using three ships.[10] It was in these ships that Sir Thomas Roe went to visit Jahangir, the
fourth Mughal emperor, as British envoy.[10] Travancore became the most dominant state in Kerala by defeating the
powerful Zamorin of Kozhikode in the battle of Purakkad in 1755.[42] Kozhikode came under British Rule after the
Mysorean conquest of Malabar in the late 18th century CE.[10]

Kozhikode was the capital city of Malabar District, one of the two districts in the western coast (Malabar Coast) of Madras
presidency. During the British rule, Malabar's chief importance lay in producing pepper, coconut, tiles, and teak.[43]
Kozhikode municipality was formed on 1 November 1866 according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the
Improvements in Towns act 1850)[44][45][46][47] of the British Indian Empire, making it the first modern municipality in the
state.
Post Independence

Kozhikode Municipality was upgraded into Kozhikode Municipal Corporation in the year 1962, making it the second-oldest
Municipal Corporation in the state.

Climate
Kozhikode has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am). A brief spell of pre-monsoon Mango
showers hits the city sometime during April. However, the primary source of rain is the South-west monsoon that sets in the
first week of June and continues until September. The city receives significant precipitation from the North-East Monsoon
that sets in from the second half of October through November.

Climate data for Kozhikode (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Record 35.6 36.6 36.5 37.2 37.2 35.1 33.2 33.2 34.0 34.9 35.2 35.3 37.2
high °C (°F) (96.1) (97.9) (97.7) (99.0) (99.0) (95.2) (91.8) (91.8) (93.2) (94.8) (95.4) (95.5) (99.0)

Mean
33.4 33.7 34.2 34.6 34.5 32.9 31.5 31.1 31.8 32.9 33.2 33.5 34.8
maximum
(92.1) (92.7) (93.6) (94.3) (94.1) (91.2) (88.7) (88.0) (89.2) (91.2) (91.8) (92.3) (94.6)
°C (°F)

Average 32.2 32.6 33.2 33.6 32.9 30.0 29.0 29.0 30.2 31.1 31.8 32.2 31.5
high °C (°F) (90.0) (90.7) (91.8) (92.5) (91.2) (86.0) (84.2) (84.2) (86.4) (88.0) (89.2) (90.0) (88.7)

Average 22.8 23.8 25.4 26.4 26.1 24.3 23.7 23.8 24.1 24.2 24.0 22.9 24.3
low °C (°F) (73.0) (74.8) (77.7) (79.5) (79.0) (75.7) (74.7) (74.8) (75.4) (75.6) (75.2) (73.2) (75.7)

Mean
20.6 21.8 23.5 23.5 23.0 22.5 22.1 22.3 22.8 22.6 21.8 20.5 20.0
minimum
(69.1) (71.2) (74.3) (74.3) (73.4) (72.5) (71.8) (72.1) (73.0) (72.7) (71.2) (68.9) (68.0)
°C (°F)

Record low 13.8 16.1 19.4 21.0 20.0 20.6 20.5 20.6 21.1 18.6 16.1 16.1 13.8
°C (°F) (56.8) (61.0) (66.9) (69.8) (68.0) (69.1) (68.9) (69.1) (70.0) (65.5) (61.0) (61.0) (56.8)

Average
3.1 3.9 13.0 84.3 242.4 846.4 734.4 412.2 247.8 309.5 133.1 23.9 3,053.9
rainfall mm
(0.12) (0.15) (0.51) (3.32) (9.54) (33.32) (28.91) (16.23) (9.76) (12.19) (5.24) (0.94) (120.23)
(inches)

Average
0.2 0.2 0.9 3.5 8.9 23.3 23.8 19.3 11.7 11.4 6.0 1.4 110.6
rainy days

Average
relative
humidity 65 66 69 71 75 85 87 86 82 78 73 65 75
(%)
(at 17:30 IST)

Source: India Meteorological Department [48][49]

Demographics
Total Population under Municipal Corporation limits is 550,440.[51] Males form 47.7% and females 52.3%.

Kozhikode has been a multi-ethnic and multi-religious town since the early medieval period. The Hindus form the largest
religious group, followed by Muslims and Christians.[52] Hindus form the majority at 60.7% of the population with 315807
members.[51] Muslims form 37.6% of the population with 207298 members.[51]

The corporation of Kozhikode has an average literacy rate of 96.8%[7] (national average is 74.85%). The male literacy rate is
97.93% and female literacy rate is 95.78%.[7]

Pre-modern Kozhikode was already teeming with people of several communities and regional groups. Most of these
communities continued to follow their traditional occupations and customs till the 20th century.[53] Brahmins, too, lived in
the city mostly around the Hindu temples. Regional groups like the Tamil Brahmins, Gujaratis and Marwari Jains became
part of the city and lived around their shrines.[54]
The Nairs formed the rulers, warriors and landed gentry of Kozhikode.[55] The
Samoothiri had a ten thousand strong Nair bodyguard called the Kozhikkottu
pathinaayiram (The 10,000 of Kozhikode) who defended the capital and supported the
administration within the city. He had a larger force of 30,000 Nairs in his capacity as
the Prince of Eranadu, called the Kozhikkottu Muppatinaayiram (The 30,000 of
Kozhikode).[56] The Nairs also formed the members of the suicide squad (chaver).[57]
The Thiyyas formed the vaidyars(Physicians), local militia and traders of Kozhikode.

The Muslims of Kozhikode are known as Mappilas, and according to the official
Kozhikode website "the great majority of them are Sunnis following the Shafi school of
thought.[52] There are some smaller communities among the Muslims such as Dawoodi
Bohras of Gujarati origin.[58] Many of the Muslims living in the historic part of the city
follow matrilineality and are noted for their piety.[59] Though Christianity is believed to Religion in Kozhikode
have been introduced in Kerala in the 1st century CE, the size of community in city (2011)[50]
Malabar (northern Kerala) began to rise only after the arrival of the Portuguese
missionaries towards the close of the 15th century. A few Christians of Thiruvitankoor Hinduism (57.37%)
and Kochi have lately migrated to the hilly regions of the district and are settled Islam (37.66%)
there.[59] Christianity (4.60%)
Other (0.07%)
The Tamil Brahmins are primarily settled around the Tali Siva temple. They arrived in
Kozhikode as dependants of chieftains, working as cooks, cloth merchants and
moneylenders.[60] They have retained their Tamil language and dialects as well as caste
rituals. The Gujarati community is settled mostly around the Jain temple in and around the Valliyangadi. They owned many
establishments, especially textile and sweet shops. They must have arrived in Kozhikode at least from the beginning of the
14th century. They belong to either the Hindu or the Jain community. A few Marwari families are also found in Kozhikode
who was basically moneylenders.

Civic administration
The city is administered by the Kozhikode Corporation, headed by a mayor. For administrative purposes, the city is divided
into 75 wards,[61] from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years. Recently neighbouring
suburbs Beypore, Elathur, Cheruvannur and Nallalam were merged within the municipal corporation.

Kozhikode Municipal Corporation

Mayor Dr. Beena Philip
Deputy Mayor Musafar Ahmed
Member of Parliament M.K.Raghvan
District Collector Shri. Narasimhugari T L Reddy IAS
Police Commissioner Shri A V George IPS

Kozhikode Corporation is the first City Corporation in Kerala after the creation of the state. Established in 1962, Kozhikode
Corporation's first mayor was H Manjunatha Rao. Kozhikode corporation has four assembly constituencies – Kozhikode
North, Kozhikode South, Beypore and Elathur – all of which are part of Kozhikode.[62]

Kozhikode Municipal Corporation Election 2015

 S.No. Party Name Party symbol Number of Corporators

01 LDF 47

02 UDF 21

03 BJP 07

04 Independents 0

Law and order

The Kozhikode City Police is headed by a commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into six
zones each under a circle officer. Apart from regular law and order, the city police comprise the traffic police, bomb squad,
dog squad, fingerprint bureau, women's cell, juvenile wing, narcotics cell, riot force, armed reserve camps, district crime
records bureau and a women's station.[63] It operates 16 police stations functioning under the Home Ministry of Government
of Kerala.

Transport

Road

National highways

National Highway 66 connects Kozhikode to Mumbai via Mangaluru, Udupi and

Goa to the north and Kochi and Kanyakumari near Thiruvananthapuram to the
south along the west coast of India. This highway connects the city with the other
important towns like, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, Kannur, Thalassery, Mahe,
Vadakara, Koyilandy[64] Ramanattukara, Kottakkal, Kuttippuram, Ponnani,
Kodungallur, North Paravur, Ernakulam, Edapally and proceeds to Alappuzha,
KSRTC bus terminal-cum-shopping
Thiruvananthapuram and terminates at the southern tip of India, Kanyakumari.
complex in Kozhikode
National Highway 766 connects Kozhikode to Bangalore through Kollegal in
Karnataka via Tirumakudal Narsipur, Mysore, Nanjangud, Gundlupet, Sulthan
Bathery, Kalpetta and Thamarassery.

National Highway 966 connects Kozhikode to Palakkad through Malappuram . It

covers a distance of 125 kilometres (78 mi). At Ramanattukara, a suburb of
Kozhikode, it joins NH 66. It passes through towns like Kondotty, Perinthalmanna,
and Mannarkkad and Malappuram. This stretch connects the city and Calicut
Volvo 8400 at Calicut Bus Terminal
International Airport.

State Highways

SH 29 passes through the city. It connects NH 212, Malabar Christian College, civil
station, Kunnamangalam, Thamarassery, Chellot, Chitragiri and Road to Gudallor
from Kerala border

Thamarassery Churam is one of the State highway 38 starts from Pavangad passes through Ulliyeri,Perambra,Kuttiady
popular tourist destinations in Nadapuram Koothuparambu and ends at Covva in Kannoor.It is one of the busiest
Kozhikode route in the district.
SH 54 connects the city to Kalpetta. The highway is 99.0 kilometres (61.5 mi) long.
The highway passes through Pavangad, Kozhikode, Ulliyeri, Perambra,
Poozhithodu, Peruvannamuzhi and Padinjarethara. SH 68 starts from Kappad and
ends in Adivaram. The highway is 68.11 kilometres (42.32 mi) long.

SH 34 starts from Koyilandy and ends in Edavanna which is 44.0 km long. This
highway passes through Koyilandi, Ulliyeri, Balussery, Thamarassery, Omassery,
Mukkam.

Buses Calicut Mini Bypass.

Buses, predominantly run by individual owners, ply on the routes within the city
and to nearby locations. City buses are painted green. Kerala State Road Transport
Corporation (KSRTC) runs regular services to many destinations in the state and to
the neighbouring states. The city has three bus stands. All private buses to the
suburban and nearby towns ply from the Palayam Bus Stand. Private buses to
adjoining districts start from the Mofussil Bus Stand on Indira Gandhi Road
(Mavoor Road). Buses operated by the KSRTC drive from the KSRTC bus stand Calicut International Airport
on Indira Gandhi Road. KSRTC Bus Stand Kozhikode is the largest bus stand in
Kerala having a size of 36,036.47 meter square.[65] There are also KSRTC depots
in Thamarassery, Thottilpalam, Thiruvambady and Vatakara. There are three routes
available to Bangalore. Kozhikode–Sulthan Bathery-Gundlupet–Mysore–Bangalore
is the preferred one and is very busy. Another route, is Kozhikode-Manathavady-
Kutta-Mysore-Bangalore. The third one, less used, is Kozhikode–Gundlupet–
Chamarajanagar–Kollegal–Bangalore.

Private tour operators maintain regular luxury bus services to Mumbai, Bangalore,
Coimbatore, Chennai, Vellore, Ernakulam, Trivandrum, Ooty, Mysore. etc. and Kozhikode Railway Station is one of
mainly operate from the Palayam area. These are usually night services. the busiest railway stations in South
India

Rail

The history of railways in Malabar dates to 1861 when the first tracks were laid between Tirur and Beypore.[66]

Air

Calicut International Airport is 26 kilometres (16 mi) from the city at Karipur in Kondotty, which is in the Malappuram
district. It began operations in 1988. Domestic services are operated to major Indian cities. It received the status of an
international airport in 2006.[67]

Economy
Calicut is one of the biggest economic hubs in Kerala. Service sector dominates the
economy followed by industries. Nedungadi Bank, the first and oldest bank in the
modern state of Kerala, was established by Appu Nedungadi at Kozhikode in the
year 1899.[68] Cyberpark, a Government of Kerala organisation, plans to build,
operate and manage IT parks for the promotion and development of investment in
IT and ITES industries in the Malabar region of Kerala. It would be the third IT hub
in the state of Kerala. The two IT parks might create a total 100,000 direct job
opportunities. The first project is the development of Cyberpark hub in Kozhikode
with its spokes at Kannur and Kazargode IT parks.[69][70] Other planned projects
include the Birla IT park (at Mavoor) and Malaysian satellite city (at Kinaloor)
where KINFRA has plans to set up a 160-hectare (400-acre) industrial park. In
2012, Kozhikode was given the tag of "City of Sculptures" (Shilpa Nagaram) because of the architectural sculptures around
the city.[71][72] Currently there are many IT companies running in UL Cyberpark, Government Cyberpark and Hilite
Business Park.
Shopping

The city has a strong mercantile aspect. The main area of business was once
Valiyangadi (Big Bazaar) near the railway station. As time progressed, it shifted to
other parts of the city. The commercial heart has moved to Mittai Theruvu
(Sweetmeat Street or S. M. Street), a long street crammed with shops that sell
everything from saris to cosmetics. It also houses restaurants and sweetmeat shops.
Today, the city has multiple shopping malls. Focus Mall (First mall of Kerala ),
HiLITE Mall,[73] Address Mall and RP Mall are a few among them.[74] Few other
malls like Gokulam Mall is ready for opening.
The Focus Mall, the first shopping
mall of its kind in the State
Music

In addition to the Malabar Mahotsavam, the annual cultural fest of Kozhikode,[75] every year since 1981 the Tyagaraja
Aradhana Trust has been conducting a five-day music festival in honour of Tyagaraja. The festival is complete with the
Uncchavritti, rendering of Divyanama kritis, Pancharatna Kritis, concerts by professional artistes and students of music from
morning to late in the evening.[76]

Kozhikode has a tradition of Ghazal and Hindustani music appreciation. There are many Malayalam Ghazals. The late film
director and play back singer M. S. Baburaj, from Kozhikode was influenced by Ghazal and Hindustani.[77]

Media

Radio

The Kozhikode radio station of All India Radio has two transmitters: Kozhikode AM (100 kilowatts) and Kozhikode FM
[Vividh Bharathi] (10 kilowatts). Private FM radio stations are Radio Mango 91.9 operated by Malayala Manorama Co. Ltd.
Radio Mirchi operated by Entertainment Network India Ltd. and Club FM 104.8 operated by Mathrubhumi group and Red
FM 93.5 of the SUN Network. AIR FM radio stations are Kozhikode – 103.6 MHz; AIR MW radio station is Kozhikode –
684 kHz.

Television

A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode since 3 July 1984,

relaying programmes from Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram Doordarshan.
Doordarshan has its broadcasting centre in Kozhikode at Medical College. The
Malayalam channels based on Kozhikode are the Shalom Television, Darshana TV
and Media One TV. All major channels in Malayalam viz. Manorama News,
Asianet, Surya TV, Kairali TV, Amrita TV, Jeevan TV, and Jaihind have their
studios and news bureaus in the city.
MediaOne TV Headquarters And
Studio
Satellite television services are available through DD Direct+, Dish TV, Sun Direct
DTH and Tata Sky. Asianet Digital TV is popularly known as ACV telecasts daily
city news. Spidernet is another local channel. Other local operators include KCL
and Citinet.

The Calicut Press Club came into existence in 1970. It is the nerve centre of all media activities, both print and electronic.
Begun with around 70 members in the roll, this Press Club, became a prestigious and alert media centre in the state with a
present membership of over 280.[78]

Education
There are 1,237 schools in Kozhikode district including 191 highschools.[79]
Kozhikode is home to two premier educational institutions of national importance:
the Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IIMK), and the National Institute of
Technology, Calicut (NITC). Other institutions include National Institute for
Research and Development in Defence Shipbuilding (NIRDESH),[80] Indian
Institute of Spices Research (IISR),[81] and National Institute of Electronics and
Information Technology (NIELIT) are also based in Calicut.[82]

Recently Kozhikode got Kerala's first residential I.B continuum school, 'The White
School International' Located in Perumanna. The school was established in 2016.
Indian Institute of Management
The University of Calicut is the largest university in Kerala and is located in
Kozhikode
Thenjipalam, about 24 kilometres (15 mi) south of Calicut. This university was
established in 1968 and was the second university set up in Kerala. Most of the
colleges offering tertiary education in the region are affiliated to this university.[83]
The Calicut Medical College was established in 1957 as the second medical college
in Kerala. Since then, the institution has grown into a premier centre of medical
education in the state. Presently it is the largest medical institute in the state with a
yearly intake of 250 candidates for the undergraduate programme.
National Institute of Technology
Main colleges in calicut city: Malabar Christian college, Farook College. Calicut
Devagiricollege, Providence college for women, Govt. Arts & science college, West
Hill Engineering college, Poly Technic etc.

In 1877, a school for young Rajas was started in Kozhikode. This was later thrown open to all caste Hindu boys. In 1879, it
was affiliated to the University of Madras as a second-grade college and with this, collegiate education in the district received
a fillip. Secondary education recorded appreciable progress since 1915. The erstwhile Malabar district, of which the present
Kozhikode district formed a part, holds a high rank among the districts of Madras Presidency in secondary education.[84]

See also
Kozhikode East
Kozhikode North
Kozhikode South
List of people from Kozhikode

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Further reading
S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language (htt
ps://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage), University of Madras,
retrieved 3 December 2020 (English translation of the original Arabic version written by Zainudheen
Makhdoom in sixteenth century CE)
K. V. Krishna Iyer (1938), Zamorins of Calicut: From the earliest times to AD 1806 (https://archive.org/details/
in.gov.ignca.3379), Norman Printing Bureau, Kozhikode

External links
Kozhikode travel guide from Wikivoyage

Kozhikode District official website (http://kozhikode.nic.in/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kozhikode&oldid=1038420007"

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