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NS ee ore Dist, Aosta, Freaw, frenereta Atay © PE eee OO arena}, Bite, oda, ae cas gody © eg ....,..0) DIRT CAE 2099 0 O08 Fo. cacdleecistsnssassrecdeeeesse8O% MPA NE 2039 eam a... zt TH IE 2039 eat y, H MAIA FF AT? wus 4, ae Geib Wels US HAT Ps |: 2 4 AER A HATTA AIC I ee} PT TAT A | © 4. 7G) 9 NES oa Hata Pile Beet ATaTy afer aerate Oe CI Fate BACs pH AfFafsw Arq A cord ea *iMfowetcs facrrt +a | 8 S53 sh ata er ES gO wea wT fro wal waa gels ufopy xoq Sad AA Poa WM Meas eqs Geis faq vas ware A | © 2s caf Soph AH Gat | H2COsjay + HO () Woe OAS Fe cles EPs VI) CSta HCO, fcAilers Wal HO 4k CO, USa FT | : H,CO;=> H,O +O; Gera CO, WARES ATey Petes Hee fhe eat aida AR CS GIA HIS ACS CET FATA ls PA BA | H,CO; + OH” 2 HCO; + HO COMA WTA ACSA pH 7.35 BOS 7.45 Ja WLS AD CS | OR HT UN Fe Gale Gayo aes HA | @ Pine wea va wt wT we SMART Tics afre/snhics afro (CH,COOH), 4 <4 ASR TAPS BY BMGs aes 6 - 10% Bey Baer fecana CH,COOM + H,0 Sac, 15 mL 0.65 M MOH = (15 x 0.65) mL 1M MOH =9.75 mL 1 MMOH 20 mL 1M CH,COOH = (20 x 1) mL 1M CH;COOH - =20 mL 1M CH,COOH feleat CICS CHA A A, 1 mol MOH = 1 mol.CH;COOH = 1 mol CH;COOM -. 9.75 mL 1M MOH =9.75 mL 1M CH,;COOH =9.75 mL 1M CH;COOM », fret wfsfie CH,COOH 4a AIT =20—9.75 = 10.25 mL 1M ag frafics est aR CH,COOM 4 Waa aPw - CH,COOH fei410.25 mL APTS aie, we 42 Are ENT qed as | CH;COOH CH,COOs fH” CH,;COOM = |CH;,COO7| + M* He Aca CH;,COOH 48 aRi&e ; a. AICI, FF UTS CRA Aor Sed A? Q i S|, UMaced foals Ko THAN $e | 9 Y. Wateea OIC IT ses Bias Wert aheal Tica? feces eq 8 23 or acaa Bey SS Kk) wrest a4 1 og Ai wyalels GA (7 — 8%) CAT Heeel Tata eifeaics Che aee1 | facebook.com/APBFans208 SURE SUCCESS HSC >orr"l © seid qraks (arch) SAAS THA eel s{(88 ers A recs wit Kay wee | wee Al! STS wal STS BA (CL) A COTATI HECHE WG | a SEPA Cl rere Berea WG Al HAAT| G Cl GA PR BHI TRC SAI CT | Kil BE cl CAR 7m! OWA AL AANA MEST Bea flor cael APRA RerraUy alc adhe BSS of ACT | TE GUS arta GAS yb AA AICI; Sas Al Asa asst ci aaa Reel Seeds Wow Sey HALES SER Wal THETA TY orig (Rose we] 10 Ps | GD Srrices felons Fraga / MX.(g) <=} MXs(g) + X2(g) J faeifare ea Fei 1 mol 0 0 FT CNR Ae: |: 1-80% 80% 80% =1-0.8 =08mol =0.8 mol = (0.2 mol SM SNCS, ast SITST 211 = [Mx] =" =0.1 M 0.8 : [MX&)=5-=04M - ae x ="8=04M ; MX] [X5] 0.4 x 0.4 2 eres. aie ars fice 12, MX<(g) == Mxa(g) + Xo(g) - S17 oak 4 fafeal caid wriaiel feieat | aenremaa feteaitce BIA] S DIL Aer ors Serica Gq eft oA, AT. freer facta Fal SCI— tare Rea ost Bey ae wrest fea 4 Rea waa! sh race wisais sq eae emi eae Gay aera ae sepics, API Be Grins el fi MX, S X, GA PX sara) Gata | ITS) SH SA APA SIA IA cece ara fice Wea Sra Sie Mx, S$ X, Veta St cata Cerna ary ae | Brea im ee ort ara, 1 Ga Mx, feelers arr 1 cater MX, 1 Cay A, SIMI, 1 Ca ffeore Facafine eer 2 cape Germ Berm ee areca fefeaitce ema eset Wb 1 acer afe apa, oprah fafa pret ernst aa Re bis Sie Toes eM sa OY ORETAT apy Whee | wert feos TIAA GI cle ICM ACH ATL dhe Berth MX, © X, Sa ArT Mey ANC | MAAC pH BIZ MX, 4 facatern wife a eee Gerth MX, @ xX, aH ferme) TA | MX; Gils ace fafoucea wratat aire ao | Rr et Re SUE MX, © x, a Ben a “| eal, Fel TH, CITA GS, em vies, wa ‘Sree feats wise Ser sem ace | geek... » gant MADE E 250 mL 0.5 M HSO, = (250 x 0.5) mL 1M H,SO, ASY to TEST PAPERS soit rere caté 209” cary on TAC TRH, STATA PA tpg sarced em CAT GPM AT CCH TT ATA” — OTST |g ~ convey PATA free wa HO Fre a | of gat of Fafa wae, Freie@ fae otfrmret te <1 Ry | aca — face A) 8 egy one acta Gan CS ; I fife wraratar corteat watt ATS FIO TTC ag | Cater Fa BASS ASCH HATH 2 BCAA CPT BAM | UD eT ary MiMeTA ETAT WTTTKAT PHA ATC ATH a | ore SEPA AT CART ST HT 1 TAA, VMTN GPRS MTA ce earn AT Ye ACM AAT aie Pgs act eer ae aT | Bao! BPA AAPA | ; D Srlrcaa a aca aT WSO, 44 Sie}, ¥.=250 mL Tatat, S =0.5.M ay Ot SH, M = (1x 2) + (1 x 32) + (4 x 16) =24+32+64=98 pg wi, W=? SAT STE, g — 1000 x Ww MV _SMV 0.5 x 98 x 250 aw 1000 ~ 1000 = 12.25 £ “I-A CS 12.25 g H,SO, fara | ID Wht oa-A a Baca corCR, , =125mL 1M H,SO, “45 IG-B aa acts cape 700 mL 0.11 M NayCO, = (700 x 0.11) mL 1M Na,COs =77 7 he ieee mL 1M Na,CO, H,SO, t Na,Co, — N RUS A ART ca, F ee eRs = 1 mol H,SO, ao an Na,CO = 77 mL, 1M H,80, = 48 mL HSO, a sifaart = (125 mL | Site, fie NaCO, GY Bai eft aca ity || RE 804, 50, + CO, + H,0 r ee ne dee —— > ~+ i => 2 ff A Me | aco 6S US Zz | @Pa of gg = *gual EHAY-CaTE Ros NS as 209 a > eR acay Bea Kk) ott Ai ose hes SabS sScereq oR (A) S 2IRISNE BA (OH) Glad waa yer HSRIS GAS BA, AR Qae aCe ania tase arEA eT | 1) Aa oe Hee TS 9 Ode OE cas Gerry ay wIal eae! ae facts =r FR wat Coit aca) Giiems FMCG (Na,CO;) 42 apied seis sat) ufo Hat HAS NaOH “88 Ye SH tiie API ClCs (H,CO,) Cire Berg Bl Na,CO, WS UaigS VA acy Spay Kee BT Ae Bt SMA (CO;7) SRA Aha Aiea FS aalead Saat faferat Fea WAC OH STACAS ART GPR eal | Na,CO; > 2Na* + CO,?° * CO,7 + 2H,0 > H,CO, + 207 OH SCH VASTal GP ASAT Baca apf HAT SH | Wl fa, ae Gee PC 44 GA Ae 11 Ta o, Gilet Were fats =a) Rien Recta cab DIA P Ae, Ae CAA RSM : Aut ag, ATA ATA PICS ACI? : a cafate Slemiala Gris Fea let cos? 3 AA UCT pH 48 ST PS? [= 1.8 x 107] 9 a 6 w Bee fiesta eg pH TATA TAIN Fecmer | 8 SS 8 ardg bed ES Bs baAPaS Carel Pieces ATE Ca FRAT cr HIE Aree BA UIs 4 GPrCwa FACIE ATal Ae | GQ) Pa SITIES PPADS Ba CHICA eas BATS Ca aes CeMiate act Bis Caeniae sais strecra AIce afi | CRG Sisal ARS ace] WaT aMICda STTSA AXs(g) == AXs(g) + Xa(8) aafou BH, SIS Clea Stestiatst Gata ori | arelre omer Hey: 1 0 0 rata fleet rast BACs SARI (MA]=——99__ M= 0.03 M pe pi=pK,+og ea CaM SICK, K, = 1,8 x 107° SATAN, pk, = — log K, = — log(1.8 x 10°) = 4.745 = 4.745 = 0.1249 = 4.62 03 PM, pH = 4.745 + log (“og Shea are cas gore [YD AR eens AX,(g) + Xa(g); AH = (+) ve a Rarreryera aes afer fECHet FH | ARE HaETAa BIS GER pH AA 4.62, 7 A, OR eo aiy §. nfs omnis seer Fe > , Noo, at RIAL oe X, Bars cane Bean sree. BA aes : AMI Ge Ae =: | (1 — a) a a al] SICK, tq ee API GI’ Gla AeA =l1-a+ata=l1+a raat ; j ate Bleie : (l—o i) cad) ee. Bat ca [ony PATE ee wire, 2. Sete BIA ATES, [HY] =VK.xC _the Oe =J1.8 x 10> x 0.1 = 1.342 x 107 moV/L AXs ., pH=- log (H’)] ( a Pet: a )p Z| gp [1.342 107] = 2.872 Alte Mie IA € Baars Freres aeRTbS fate: = a)p +H,0 2 ee oo watt ka) aah te a (14-6) (6-6) 6mL 6mL “cil sowie (lai 2) Bs ists ce) easier) 5 tare a Ee afé Firty K, 3 Y 2d Wav TSI TAMA Fs | a +. Baer ERs KE wrcaewi qe oie Rae sen ors es yee ANN FA | © y, Dare 1 RS 1 GN WET Teulbw alsa Riad GATS ACTS FA | 8 2D ur acaa Cea CS > ST ters Sey am cers Ig Fer AIT aA VS Aisa ones Sie Slang © BETTS aA] a APTA flSa SSI CAH WAITS YS ATTA FTTAS VT aT | i fess ave “ised (n = 2) GA Sy ASA TAN Fe () 1s? 2s? 2p* 3s” 3p"3d!? 4s? Zn (30) —> 18” 2s*2p° 38” 3p 3d!” Zn Ga HOTS SCT A STRUT FATIH eH ACM Cree AN OH, d-wrafeors YF eee | STR Zn-CP IATA CMT TH AAT) | D Pais coca aaa fit ae @ aa A eA HCO, 8 HCO, | Setar Borers HMA RO, j pH = pK, (Aéid) flog ee ana pH fries coca Aaa AtwrI— [HCO, J pH = pK, (H,CO;) + log [H,CO,) “1, 7.4 = pK, (COs) + log cr 4, 7.4=pK, (H,COs) + 1.22 H2COs We geet SRE APIS, “A 8 CO, 4 Remfeps xy | et waege eefaeal otipne Bans ORR ware wt freer og TS - , #,COs —> HCOs + HO . aero Ce ST A A, APT afw ay apy cat SATS AOR PH ICA COA MISS Vy AT | wes, DH qn P| sive Ie Qo$> ai om(g) + Nig) = 2L:(g); AH =—Ve =. nods ccct @ fg) + PQ) > 2Q(B)s AH = AVE aneerintnrein (ii) iM,N,L OP a Q Cie ele aa] = BRETT TAN HCH HI? 5 arate GP er? 2 4, SAMTST L AACS BttEw Saver 0.001 M H,SO, wai See VI | GRACIA pOH GA TA Ar sq; =o x, (9 Gi) 78 Rissa Geom gag certs ait ANS | 8 SS va atta Ver E= g gees cles SPE Wy Ait Aart HAT SIA, OVA IF BIT ANTS (RRCwIeA) aie BAT ay tis ated Pree Rowers STaiS aA | 4 OTEsITs Bega TAF SCT | BD Faris) © cl (Gott) Gs Berea fears Fg : F(9)——>, Is? 28” 2p* G@i( 17) —> 1s*,2s* 2p’ 3873p° Fe.Ci- tome acta “festa Seeitay AN 74g Fa warm Berea 3st “feet see Cl 4a AO Ie oF “fewer eics | F SA Sle CRI AGT oA “er Beeby GUA WAG GP) PT Ap BcTtuA anaes fred gy ona | OR F as Bre SPs AIF Cl SA Fy | B Sherer Lc mw walwS FAI H,SO, BIT BSA Hi eae, L Bl SO, | one nie HSO, 49 HY SAR WTA, [H*] =2 x 0.001 =2 x 10° M pH=— log [H"] =~ log (2 x 10%) =2,699 ‘POH = 14 — pH = 14-2699 =113 , BS Baca pOH Ma AA 11.3 | BD Sacer (ya oat Fag | 2M(g) + N(g) —+ 2L(g); AH = - ve Rl ar cx, Fara rel wrcmtteentAt Fatsrat | OA, *- ePrice Ae epra, ears wrsiat Zr FAC Mont arcaa few serra zen Beottora faa FP A | | eran apr rarer eepry ASIG TH RH TH | RR omy MIT BAT OST SINT Cee Ca : hu Feats ver ence ara Ace offre Beth E en ay ‘ 208 Sa, Aeniies sre a wiboe | aliesttracra Af SEPIA, FafsrnfBow ort ecm aac FAL ona few Sara Bey Georicry ifeenest afPy oir | sratices, Grlecaya (ii) ae fara fang O(g) + P(g) == 2Q(g); AH = + ve Crsll aiewe oy, Fane aie wteeta) ffm, eat aM wa WA SANUS | Oat, acre AN wapica, fafenfoew wire qi eae fmf ea free wep eT Beets fara le on | Wald, Rieaitrs Riga o Certont cer Heat AAA ASAT Riemibee viet cot eter ce | FOAL 4 ClCH TAT AA CH, (i) 8 (ii) Ae PfSraracra reterttal fafeal age Gale Slererth feat) we faeenecra Ce aan ibs fea | . 2) Set CIS 20d» oath ar fPatst SPP CIC! SXalA Sal BA Al GA? DIAN $4 | 2 + A Aa BACs H+ SEAd Clea Hrstat Aes a1 © TAS B/etat wate flee say Gata seis [pH facies stayed facets $4 | 8 => vr aaa Ges CS BD Art Te acta sare VePes yap fea clea AMT FAY CMAPS TV Borsat Wieice aslo cicia mam] SES Meera few THA Sala SHAT! PIONS A CNT SSE-CAG STD Na,SiO, + H,O wie aA feria SPOS CG! (NaOH) VARIA Fal BA AT | BD Oates A Meat Gat | CH,COOH = H' + CH,COO™ ayafe cae: 1c oc oc ATT (l-a)C aC: ac [H"] [CHyCOO7) aC. aC ah “aye aC A facebook.com/APBFans0 kK, a,a-4/% gx] RENT 1 - a1 Ka Sue RAKES HSC gore a f.8 x10" fH} =aCc= c\fe-o 01 = 134% . A WGA BATT H! GS CTPA 10°M ayia 1.34x 10° MI Docs AG-A Ge HACTT CHG, 100 mL 0.1M CH\COOH @ (100 x 0.1) mL 1M CH,COOH = 10 mb 1M CH,COOH Qk TS-B GN HAT CH, 40 mL 0.1 M NaOH = (40 x 0.1) mL IM NaOH =4 mL 1M NaOH weirs Risa Fag CH,COOH + NaOH —> CH,COONa + Hj0 feist ow CTA STH A, | mol NaOH = 1 mol CH;COOH = 1 mol CH\COONa - 4mL 1M NaOH =4 mL 1M CH;COOH = 4 mL 1M CH,COONa ~. fees afsfte CH,COOH 9a *fFTT = 10-4 =6 mL IM 48s G88 444 4 mL 1M CH,COONa Soy Aas SACS CTD SAGA = (100 + 40) mL 41 140 mL [CH,;COOH] => 7, 6x1 140 = 0,04286 M 4x1 [CHyCOONs] =—5,-= 0.02857 M SPA SICA FATA BS AB, pH = pK, + log =~ log (Ky) =—log (1.8 =474-0.1 [CH;COONa] [CH,COOH] a ure) 08 \ 0104286 sas = 10) + log (9 4786 76 = 4.564 . pH OW cae cael aa oa, fee geeie wey ares gad | ae] baary HA ‘NsOH 50mL | * 30mL | 01M 01M K=1 Bx 107 Faq-1 ATE 203% ce A-1 @, feiema ara 42 4. SeTICeA EEE ye aA wa | 5 Frect arrs 6 cath fame tie 9 wl FAO pH aa Cron afaeR era fo aT eA) g aura MADE EASY to TEST PAPERS aff, HA oR YL ae ge ACTH, CHIP VM ge uel CHT wal a | HA(aqg) = H'(@@) + A‘(ag) ¥ (l=a)¢ a apeere See we Auer we, Ke THA] (l= aC on og << 1 WES (a=) I Hq] SH | Ky aC _« [Sa us a C | a, a=VK. x76 : pee cee, FACTOR rear weet CMTeNTA ANKATA aqetycera DUG ra) Glee wAA-1 BCell yer Pie 8 GAT ROM gy | aera) GIS FAT HOA EMT MATA WA YAH WY — 975, iy Seosy (SA VA 1 ot WTA FCG ATT aT RCA de af HA 8 AAA BP NaOH At PTH Vref Peay) 57.34 kJ CCE PN AT | a Sat AT PTO HA aes facaifers =a Al | ‘ HA(aq) == H'(aq) + A (aq) NaOH(aq) —> Na(aq) + OH (aq) [100% SIFTS] H'(aq) + OH (aq) —> H,0(/) GIRS NaOH Sia wa, iS yf FcMEA FO OH” Br HA gat Sehr catered POH SNH TT emilee, Waele Sfrcnfers HA Sy arr Renfers gor HY Ory Been ae) HA {Ferd ems al owt wie Gow faferm rie Bat WS Mee) WT HA ot fates fry emi F SS] BV |) SRCAL GAT Sizeta aA fag aa ae | Py we] fea aH ' GD Citicsa fey GPIS HA 6 NaOH “ACTA AM frente falean sca , ; HA + NaOH —> NaA + 1,0 i CHR BAC! Naa Wert Ba qe onefiten facie HA MCE! | Si BAG Nad Fiery ate aa arera wat fecrca fel axe, 50 mL 0.1 MHA = (50x 0.1) mL 1M HA =5mL IMHA 30 mL 0.1 M NaOH = (30 x 0.1) mL 1 M NaOH =3mLIMN a aOH _gmel NaOH = | mol HA.= 1 mol NaA ‘ 204 SR kL MHA 2:3 mi 1 M.NaA WCAG HA A fam = (5 409 var Toa, Pes eta aera wee | Seine ce HA see An + Hf MA ieee ++ He facebook.com/APBFans