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20, 2004

Petrochemicals: A SWOT Analysis

The Indian petrochemicals industry is finally discarding its nascent stage tag and the companies are now vying for a major chunk of the global pie o
petrochemicals market. Indian major Reliance has recently acquired a German polyester major Trevira GmbH and this marks the private sector giant's entry
the European markets in a big way. At the same time, ONGC and IOC are planning entry into the business in a major way as this is in line with their for
integration plans.

The petrochemicals cycle is currently on a global uptrend thanks to growing demand from China and other developing nations. In the domestic markets, gro
activity in infrastructure and construction segments coupled with strong growth in the auto sector on the back of lower interest rates have actually booste
performance of the petrochemicals sector. Major beneficiaries of this uptrend are the integrated players such as Reliance Industries, GAIL and IPCL (to s
extent).

A low per capita consumption of 4 Kgs of plastic as compared to a global average of 20 Kgs leaves enough scope for capacity expansion resulting in ONGC
IOC venturing into the business. The following are the major uses of the products:

Polymer Products and the uses

Product Uses
LDPE/LLDPE Consumer packaging/film, extrusion wires, cable coatings
HDPE Fertilizers, household packaging, woven sacks, cartons, crates, luggage, pipes
Polypropylene (PP) Cement packaging, monofilament yarn, ropes
PVC Water pipe, electrical wires, cables, sheets
Polybutadeine Rubber (PBR)Automotive tyres and tubes, conveyor belts and footwear

Let us now do a SWOT analysis on the industry so as to have a better understanding of the prospects for the industry, going forward:

Strengths:

Consolidation: The Indian petrochemicals industry has witnessed consolidation over the last few years and nearly 85% of the polymer capacity in the dom
market is with the top three participants (Reliance, IPCL and Haldia Petrochemicals (HPL)). Of the three companies mentioned, IPCL forms a part of the Rel
stable while GAIL is set to pick up stake in HPL. Such high concentration is likely to benefit these players, as this would help reduce duplication of production

Synergies: Most of the petrochemical players have integrated facilities, thereby reducing external dependence to a large extent. To put things in perspe
Reliance Industries uses naphtha from its own Jamnagar refinery as a feedstock for the petrochemicals production. IPCL uses Reliance's vast and widesp
marketing network to reach out to global consumers. On the other hand, GAIL utilizes natural gas for its petrochemicals capacity. Rich natural gas is evacu
into the pipelines and after separation of the hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane, the lean gas is transmitted to consumers such as powe
fertilizer industry. Further, petrochemicals business being a high value add, would add further to the profitability of these integrated companies.

Weaknesses:

Low bargaining power vis-a-vis the suppliers: Input costs form nearly 50% to 60% of the raw material costs. Further, gas prices are regulated but in short su
while naphtha is an expensive source of feedstock. Refineries realize the import parity prices on naphtha produced and in case of high feedstock p
petrochemical players have little bargaining power against the suppliers. These players are therefore vulnerable to raw material prices.

Low Bargaining power vis-a-vis customers: In case of increase in input costs, the companies might not be able to pass on the rise to the consumers as the p
of products is highly influenced by factors such as international prices and supply.

Opportunities:

Low per capita consumption: Currently, domestic per capita polymer consumption is nearly 4 kgs while the global average is nearly 20 kgs. This underlines the fact that there is immense scope of cap
expansion in the country as the market to be tapped is huge. Further, spending on R&D activities is around 2% of sales as compared to an international average of 18%. This leaves enough room for
product development. Also, currently, India has a chemicals trade de cit of about US$ 1.5 bn a year, which leaves enough investment opportunities in the industry.

Increased economic activity:The government has set aside nearly Rs 400 bn for infrastructure projects such as roadways, airports and convention centers and also towards rural housing augur well f
petrochemicals industry as this is likely to increase demand for various products (high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene among others) for the purpose of road development, packaging
cables and wiring. Also sustained growth in the auto sector is likely to keep the demand for petrochemical products high. As per our estimates, the auto sector is likely to grow at nearly 12% over the
few years.
Threats:

Customs duties: Historically, the domestic industry has been protected from overseas competition by high import duties imposed by the government. How
of late, Import duty on polymers has been steadily reduced and is currently at 20%. As part of its commitment to various multilateral and bilateral
agreements, the government is likely to reduce duties going forward and this is likely to reduce the cushion enjoyed by the domestic players as agains
landed cost of imported products.

Growing competition: The domestic industry is likely to witness immense competition going forward with IOC all set to enter the segment with its Rs 6
project in FY06. Further, ONGC is also venturing into petrochemicals business. With commitments to reduce and eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers, India
huge market potential, might witness entry of global majors such as ExxonMobil, Dow Chemicals and Shell into the business. These global majors with
pockets can actually lead into a pricing war, which could result in squeezing margins.

The above analysis is just to provide a view of the sector and by no way advocates any opportunities to invest in the petrochemicals sector. Taking a cue
their global counterparts, Indian majors such as IOC and ONGC are entering into this value add business in a huge way and this is likely to change the e
business dynamics of the companies, not only in India but Asia as Asia is fast becoming the largest petrochemicals manufacturing hub. Going forward, inve
need to be aware of this reality and make informed investment decisions in the energy sector.

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