BEIJING LANGUAGES INSTITUTE Sled! one FOR TODAY eMC &, bse THE COMMERCIAL PRESSCHINESE FOR TODAY Pees Rae CC eR aac C TT) Penreteeaaet * A series in two stages conceived and designed for foreigners and overseas Chinese alike * Enable learners to acquire a solid command of the Chinese language in listening, oral, reading and writing Pea letra ee eur cur ec mur Rom cant Ceres aie os en ite esd Use a clear, systematic approach to present ways of Oreoean elieia chute nent tel Provide concise annotations on the cultural and historical background of China Cee UO aes ac oe ETC Re EXERCISES, the companion book, enables learners to recognize, read and write Chinese characters 4 compact discs recorded in standard spoken Chinese Pea Cee un ta em calls Ul Bea ability russes Pee “a ! 5 9 '789620!742903" nee ed rer Eoin LAG t eeBOOK 1 TEXTBOOK BEIJING LANGUAGES INSTITUTE CHINESE FOR TODAY Second Edition LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY International Languages Department 630 West 5" Street Los Angeles, CA 90071 THE COMMERCIAL PRESS© The Commercial Press (Hong Kong) Lid All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers Chinese for Today [Book 1] HEE (—-) Compiled and written by Huang Zhengcheng, Ding Yongshou, Liu Lanyun, Qiu Yanging, Li iyo, Lu Jianji, Hu Huainian and Xiong Wenhua of The Beijing Languages Institute Executive Editors Wang Yue, Wong Ka Lai Published by ‘The Commercial Press (Hong Kong) Ltd, S/F, Eastern Central Plaza, 3 Yiu Hing Road, Shau Kei Wan, Hong Kong bntpsffww-commercialpress.com. hie Printed by Elegance Printing & Book Binding Co., Ltd Block A, 4/F, Hoi Bun Ind. Bldg., 6 Wing Yip St, Kwun Tong, Kin., H.K. Second Edition / Tenth Printing May 2005 ISBN 962 07 42007 Printed in Hong KongPhonetics Exercises Abbreviations of Parts of Speech ....... Lesson. 1 wR eN Beene 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17 18. . ted JL Where Are You Goins . 48 B) To the Post Office... 384K %F i Exchanging Foreign Money for Renminbi . 4 KIL What's the Date Today .... ). 4 5% Making a Telephone Call . aki Welcome 428 Introduction ..... #RA Looking for Someone ...... SLA — Revision 1. 48 Mailing a Letter... #0 JLB, What Time Is It 4A = Revision 2 ..... “if #9 4 & Whose Pen Is It & AB Shopping #45) Going to the Airport ib fF Ina Restaurant 3% Consulting a Doctor. RA Revision 3 ALI #5 KA, The Weather in Beijing 4-H Asking People’s Age. 163 He Ae EAH Sightseeing in Beijing, 178Lesson 19, AATEVLARI We Are Just Talking about You .... 20. #47 Saying Goodbye .... S51 9 Revision 4 21, #938 A Chance Meeting 22, AUNSEE KAR T We Went to the Great Wall 23, £3 Invitation to a Dinner... 24, ®£4F Seeing People off. 25. ‘P WA $44%"F Chinese Forms of Address. SLA & Revision 5 26. #48 Asking the Way 21, % A £i When Old Friends Meet 28. Re 29, Talking about Learning Chinese Bi) “A” The "Man" in the Shop Window 30. #5 # £43 How to Write Chinese Letters ... LAX Revision 6 31, #18 147 We Are in the Same Profession 32. 8A AE AF A What's on the Radio and TV 33, AVL ASL & & T've Been to Xi'an Before 34, AAA HP LT Leaving China ou. 35, HAR —8B- A % Revision 7 ® Wish You a Pleasant Trip..... Appendices 1 iL A Vocabulary ... + & Proper Nouns 4h 36795 4 Supplementary Vocabulary 4% & Proper Nouns . © 41 Grammar Index... 396 424 428 440 443Preface CHINESE FOR TODAY is a series in two stages conceived and designed for people outside China who want to learn modern Chinese. It can be used as a textbook for regular classroom teaching, as well as for self-teaching purposes ‘The textbook for Stage One contains 35 lessons preceded by a concise introduction to speech sounds and tones of modern Chinese. The texts of these lessons are all lively and true-to-life dialogues. They deal with situations a foreigner travelling or living in China is likely to find him or herself in. The major aim of this stage is to teach basic sentence patterns and ways of expression in modern spoken Chinese. In the 35 lessons of the second stage, spoken and written Chinese are given equal attention, and a broader spectrum of life in modern Chinese society is presented through dialogues and stories. More complex sentence patterns and different ways of expression in a given situation are introduced and drilled, while what has been taught in the first stage is systematically revised. An integral part of each lesson in this stage is a Word Study section which illustrates. compares and summarizes the most frequently used expressions and phrases through examples and explanation. In Stage One each text ranges from one to three hundred characters of which about 30 are new words. In Stage Two cach text contains four to six hundred characters with some 40 of them being new words. ‘The learner, upon finishing the two stages, can expect to be able to recognize two thousand five hundred characters, at least half of which he or she should be able to write. These characters should be adequate for him or her to understand non-technical radio broadcasts, to carry on con- versations on a variety of topics and to read newspapers and non-technical journals. In compiling this series, conscious efforts were made to incorporate the finer features of other Chinese textbooks. The underlying objective of this series is to enable the learmer to acquire a solid command of the Chinese language in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This is achieved, among other ways, through careful grading of material, giving particular attention to what presents special difficulty to the foreign learner, and systematic presentation of ways ofexpression peculiar to the Chinese language. For the convenience of average users of this textbook linguistic terminology is cut down to the minimum, To acquire facility in a language the learner needs to be familiar with the cultural and historical background of the nation where the language is spoken. This being the case, concise, clear anno- tations are provided where necessary. These will help the learner to understand what the Chinese would say ina given situation, how he or she would put it and why. The language taught in the series is consistently standard modern Chinese, and gives due emphases to common set phrases, sayings and idioms. ‘To be used with Stage One is the companion book EXERCISES which serves to aid the user in recognizing, reading and writing characters. To meet the needs of some users, in the word lis underneath all the simplified characters their originals in complex strokes are given. There is also a companion READER to go with the second volume. It is to help the learner revise what he or she has learned and obtain a broader and deeper understanding of Chinese history and culture. In CHINESE FOR TODAY ample exercises of various types have been devised for those lan- guage points which the learner is expected to master. After every five lessons there is a special section for revision. Asa supplement, recordings of speech sounds and tones and the texts in standard spoken Ching are available on compact discs. The icon [5G] in this book indicates recorded material.IL HOW TO USE CHINESE FOR TODAY Both the person wishing to learn Chinese on his own and the instructor teaching a course will find this series should serve their purposes admirably. Furthermore, the series is designed so that it may be used by learners with different specific goals. For example, the learner whose sole objective is mastery of basic spoken Chinese need only use the main textbooks of Stages One and ‘Two, and the student equally interested in oral and written forms may use all materials simultane- ously. In using this series, the importance of practice should be emphasized. This is particularly so when a Chinese environment is lacking. The lessons are written and arranged in such a way as to facilitate the learner to do an ample amount of exercise The following are some hints the user of this textbook may find useful. 1) Phoneti tones instead of directing equal attention to everything. The learner will find it rewarding to s. More time and effort should be given to the comparatively few difficult sounds and listen to the recordings and to compare his or her own voi with that on the CDs and thus to correct errors in pronunciation and intonation. It is most stimulating to combine phonetic exer. cises with the study of the texts. 2) Dialogue/text and new words ts. The student is encouraged to listen to the recordings first all the way through, then practise repeatedly reading aloud with the recordings afterwards. Difficult words and language points are numbered for quick reference. Extensive oral exe cises on the new words and the text may be done in class to enable the learner to understand properly and to use correctly what is being taught in different situations. 3) Study points. The learner should bear in mind that not all that is annotated here is of the same importance. Some of the notes are just to provide background information. Those points which have exercises to go with them are the ones on which the student should concentrate. 4) Exercises. The exercises are designed to help the student to use in real situations the language they have just learnt. The phonetic exercises, oral exercises and listening exercises can be used for drills in class, while written exercises are recommended to be assigned as homework.5) EXERCISES IN READING AND WRITING CHINESE CHARACTERS is a collection of exer- cises intended to improve the learner's ability to recognize, to read and to write characters, as ‘well as to improve his or her reading comprehension. For those who are interested in Chinese characters, this supplement should prove invaluable. It is divided into two parts, one for read~ ing and one for writing. As the two parts are independent, the learner who wishes to learn both reading and writing should use them simultaneously This textbook was written by Huang Zhengcheng (# 4&7 Qiu Yanging (48 47%) , Li Fiyu (4 translation is by Hu Huainian (414 ), Ding Yongshou (1 4), Liu *&) and Lu Jianji (4 £88) . English }. Xiong Wen hua (#& £ 4) also took part in the transla- Lanyun (4) #4 tion of Book One. The compilers and translators are all tea hers at the Beijing Languages Institute. In the course of compiling this series, we have received generous assistance from Lo C! jong and Linda Jaivin. For this we wish to express our appreciation and gratitude, The authors3) 4) FORMAT OF STAGE ONE OF CHINESE FOR TODAY There are 35 lessons in this volume, with a section for revision between every five lessons. Preceding the lessons is an introduction to phonetics and coming after the lessons is a general word list in the Chinese alphabetic order. Each lesson is composed of the following parts: the text, the new words, the study points, the exercises and the key to the exercises. Pinyin (Romanized spelling) is provided under each line of the text, which is translated into English. Points in the text which are annotated are marked by small Arabic numerals, New words, which are arranged in the order of their appearance in the text, are accompanied by their Romanized Chinese spellings (pinyin), parts of speech and English translations. The student can also refer to the Word List in the appendix where the characters are listed in alphabetical order by pinyin spelling, English translations of the new words, as a rule, are of the same parts of speech as the Chinese originals. The relatively few words that don't correspond to standard English parts of speech are properly explained. Proper names are ren- dered into Romanized Chinese spellings. Accepted English spellings are also given for words such as Beijing (Peking), and Guéngzhou (Canton). New words in the exercises are listed under Supplementary Words. Some of the examples in the notes are taken from the text. Where necessary, extra examples have been added. These additional examples are accompanied by both Romanized Chinese spellings and English translations. There are four types of exercises in this book. They are: phonetic exercises, oral exercises, written exercises and listening exercises. All the simplified characters in this series follow the LIST OF SIMPLIFIED CHARACTERS published in January, 1956 by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. For the convenience of overseas learners, characters in complex strokes are provided underneath their simplified versions in the word lists of the EXERCISES IN READING AND WRITING CHINESE CHARACTERSA Note on the Second Edition CHINESE FOR TODAY bas been published for several years and it has been used in many countries worldwide. The Commercial Press has decided to publish the second edition and I would like to take this opportunity to make some revisions. These are: 1) Some necessary changes have been made to the content of some of the texts which are outdated. 2) Some appropriate revisions have been made to the joining and separating of syllables in Chi- nese phonetic transcription according to the relevant rules and regulations. 3) For the convenience of the readers, we have provided a grammatical index in Book One. An index has also been added to Book Two for the study of words and expressions. 4) We have also rectified the mistakes that occurred in the first edition. Huang Zhengeheng BS — WHE TE) HMRILET PRES ARAMARME o HHP HEAREH SR ETAL E+ HE HOF UR RR 1) stant at RT AST Hwa HPL © 2) ARUBA RAL + at — sk ia ay HS |S His SHH THA © 3) APRA A RELATE HM SR TERA ARI | RoR SH tof 1138-0) AE HB] 4) abs PRA 05 NAD AER HE T iT © OEPhonetics Traditionally a Chinese syllable is divided into two parts: the initial (sheng), and the final (yun). The syllable can be pronounced in different contours which are known as tones e.g. in san (2) , sis the initial and an the final, and the syllable is in the high-level tone. The initial is made up of only one consonant and the final might be made up of one, two or three vowels, or a combination of one or two vowels and a consonant (-n or -ng). The following is a brief description of the initials (sheng), finals (yun) and tones. INITIALS The 23 initials (sheng) in standard modern spoken Chinese are shown in the table below: Voiceless Voiced unaspirsted | aspiraled || unaspirsted | aspiraled T |. P [ m | w - S | | z c s a t n | zh ch sh | J q x y 9 k h 6 issimilar to "b" in the English word "bore" but is voiceless. P___ issimilar to "p" in the English word "port”, but is invariably produced with a strong puff of air. m is equivalent to the English "m" in “more” f — isequivalent to the English "f” in "four" Itis pronounced with the tip of the is similar to the English rt" but is voicel tongue more to the front of the mouth than the "d” in English.ch sh is similar to "t” in the English word "term". It is produced with a stronger puff of air and with the tip of the tongue more to the front of the mouth than the "t" in English. is equivalent to "n" in the English word "nurse": is equivalent to "I" in the English word "learn". is similar to the cluster "ds" in the English word "cards" but is voiceless and is produced with the tip of the tongue more to the front of the mouth. is the aspirated counterpart of z. Itis similar to the cluster "ts" in the English word "i but is pronounced with a stronger puff of air and with the tip of the tongue more to the front of the mouth. is similar to "s" in the English word "sun", but in pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue is, more to the front of the mouth. is a voiceless consonant produced with the tip of the tongue pressed against the hard palate and with the air puffed out from between the tongue and the hard palate. It is similar to "dge" in the English word "judge", but is pronounced with the tip of the tongue drawn more to the back of the mouth, is the aspirated counterpart of zh. In pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue is drawn more to the back of the mouth than when pronouncing “ch” in the English word "church". is produced with the tip of the tongue raised toward the hard palate and air is squeezed out from the channel thus made. To pronounce it, the tip of the tongue is drawn more to the back of the mouth than when pronouncing "sh" of "shirt" in English. is the voiced counterpart of sh. It is different from "r" as in the English word "run" in that, to pronounce it, the tip of the tongue is drawn more to the back and the lips are not pursed. is produced by placing the tip of the tongue against the back of the lower teeth and pressing the blade against the hard palate. It is similar to the "4" and "y" combination in “and yet", but is voiceless. When pronouncing it, the tip of the tongue is much lower than when pronouncing "j” of the English word "jeep". is the aspirated counterpart of j. It is similar to the "t" and yor than when pronouncing "cl 'y" combination in “don't . but is produced with a stronger puff of air. The tip of the tongue is much lower * in the English word "cheese" 1h y w is produced by placing the tip of the tongue against the lower teeth and raising the blade toward the hard palate. Itis similar to the "s” and "y" combination of "bless you". The tip of the tongue is much lower than when pronouncing "sh" of the English "she" consonant "g" in "girl" but is voiceless. is similar to the Englis is similar to "k" in the English word "kerf", but is produced with a stronger aspiration. is produced by raising the back of the tongue toward the soft palate and releasing the air imilar to "ch” in the German word "ach", but is through the channel thus made. It is different from the "h” of English “hot” in that the former (Chinese h) is a velar fricative while the latter a glottal fricative. is similar to the English "y" of "yes", but it can be produced with slight friction. is similar to the English "w" in "woo", but it can be produced with slight friction. In learning the Chinese initials, attention must be paid to the difference between the aspirated and unaspirated initi Is which differentiate words, e.g. ———————— Aspirated Unaspirated gikan 91) (periodical) jigan *8F (chicken liver) chai ti tk 4 (unearthed) zhiidit 44% (pork tripe) KL ‘When pronouncing the aspirated initials, the learner may hold a piece of thin paper close to the mouth. The paper would vibrate as the result of aspiration when the sound is properly pronounced. If he has difficulty in producing j, g, x, the learner may press the tip of tongue with his finger to ensure that it doesn't move away from the back of the lower teeth. To get the correct pronunciation of zh, ch, sh, r, the learner may push the tip of the tongue backward with his finger. Asarule, we don't pronounce any initial alone. There must be a final after it, so that it sounds clear. Thus, for citation purpose, b, p, m, fare followed by 0: bo, po, mo, fo. 4, t,n, 1g, k, hare followed by e: de, te, ne, le, ge, ke, he. mI7, ¢, 8 are followed by i*: zi, ci, si. zh, ch, sh, r are followed by i: zhi, chi, shi, ri. 1.4. X, y are followed by i': ji, qi, xi and yi w is followed by u: wu. FINALS ‘There are 39 finals in standard modern spoken Chinese: Diphthong and Simple finals, triphthong finals| Finals ending with -n or -ng a ai | [ao] fan ang ° ny ong fe eer len feng d ai ia ie iaoliv| [ian] jin]iang | |ing]iong ¥ | _faaluo| uai | ut ian) fan] [wang it tie ian] [in| In the Table, finals on the same line have the same beginning vowel and the italicized vowels of those in the same column, are roughly of the same value. The italicized vowel in a final repre- sents one pronounced louder than the rest. ai ao is equivalent to "a" in the English word "farm" as pronounced by Americans. is roughly of the same value as “ai” in the English word “aisle”, but the beginning a is pronounced shorter than that of English. is roughly of the same value as "ou" in the English word “out”, but the beginning a is shorter than the "o" (in "out") in pronunciation. Vvan ang ou ong er eé en is a with -n ending is equivalent to “a (as in father") +ng” in English, or to "ang" in German. is similar to the English word "or" in pronunciation, It is spelled only with b, p, mf. y, w is equivalent to "oa" in "boat" in American English, but o is shorter than its counterpart in English. is equivalent to "u (as in "put") + -ng" in English or "ung" in German. which occurs after d, 1, 7, I, g, kh, 2 ¢, 8, zh, ch, sh, position as that of o, but the lips are unrounded. It is similar to "er" in the English word produced with the same tongue "herb"; only, the back of the tongue is raised a little, which occurs in a neutral tone syllable, is equivalent to the unstressed "a" (the indefinite article) in English. is equivalent to “e" in "yes". It may stand alone or follow y or i and may be written as & to avoid confusion with e'. is pronounced with the tongue in the same position as pronouncing ¢* but the tip of the tongue turns up toward the hard palate. It is similar to “er” in “better” in American English, is of the same value as "ei but e in e7 is very short in the English word "eight’ is the combination of "e”+n". Itis pronounced as the unstressed indefinite article "an" in English. is equivalent to "ea" in the English word "eat" in pronunciation. Note that iis different from "i" of "it" in English. is vocalized s, ie. when producing s, friction is released by a drawback of the tip of the tongue and the vocal cord is made vibrating at the same time. i? occurs only after z, ¢, s. is vocalized r, i.e. when producing r, the tip of the tongue is lowered a bit, but there is no friction. It occurs only after zh, ch, sh, r. is the combination of "/'+a", in which a is louder and clearer than i which serves only as a medial. is the combination of "i'+a0".ian iang ie iu iong in ing ai uan uang uo ui un tian jie iin is the combination of "i/+e'+n" is the combination of "i/+ang". is the combination of "+e" which is similar to "ye" in "yes" but without friction. is the combination of "i'+1" and between the two vowels, there is a very weak is the combination of "i-+ong". is the combination of "i/+n". This is different from the English "in" in that it is pro- nounced with a higher position of the tongue. is the combination of "i'+ng" is similar to "u” in “rule” in English, but the lips are not so tightly pursed and is shorter than the English "u". It doesn't occur after j, @. xy. is the combination of "w+a" is the combination of "w+ai". is the combination of "wan". is the combination of "wang" is the combination of "wo", is the combination of "w#i" with a very weak e? in between. is the combination of "w+n" with a very weak e? in between. is similar to the French sound "u" or German sound "i". It is produced with the same tongue position as when pronouncing /', but the lips are pursed as producing w. When spelled with j, x, y, the two dots in the letter ii are omitted, e.g. qayti 4% (region), but they will remain when spelled with the initials » and is the combination of "iéte'+n". Itis written wan (the two dots in the letter if are omitted) when spelled with j, q, x, y, e.g. yuanquan i & (source). is the combination of "+e. It is written ue (the two dots in the letter i are omitted), & 4.5% (to jump for joy) and the dots remain when spelled with the initials 1 is the combination of "dn". It is only spelled with j, g, x, y and is written un (the two dots in i are omitted), e.g. jumyim #9 43 (homogeneous). VINote that all the beginning i, u, iin the above finals are merely medials which are very short. ‘The Chinese initials and finals are very regularly combined with each other. Just read the following Table: Initial bl p} m]f|wldle|n}ifg]/k]/h]zje}s}2h{ch|sh|r |jfq]xly a |ba[pa| ma] fa] wal dalea nal la [ga | ka] ha] zaca|sa | zha|cha| sha ya ‘© [bo|po| mo| fo] wo| yo e de|te| nelle |ge |ke| he] 2e|ce| se | zhe|che /she|re e ye i | bil pil mi dij ei] nil Tl! ii lai [sil yi ® zhi |chi| shi | ri uw |bulpu) ma fal wa|du|eu) nul tu (gu kulhulzufeu|su |2hufchu] shu ru i nal Ia {ju fqu[xulyu TONES In standard modern spoken Chinese, there are 4 basic tones, commonly known as the Ist, 2nd, 3rd and 4th tones. The tones are represented respectively by the tone-graphs " * "and "S * which are written over the simple final or the main yowel in a compound final. The values of the four tones are shown in the five-degreed pitch-graph as follows: The first tone: 55, e.g. ma (mother) ‘The second tone: 35, e.g. ma (hemp) 5 4 3 B ‘The third tone: 214, e.g. mai (horse) ‘The fourth tone: 51, e.g. ma (curse) ‘The Ist tone is a high level tone, the 2nd tone starts from the middle pitch and rises to the high pitch, the 3rd tone starts from the mid-low pitch, falls to the low pitch and then rises to the mid- high pitch, and the 4th tone is a complete falling tone, i.e. it falls from the high-pitch to the low- pitch, viThe four tones can also be represented by musical notes as follows’ Isttone 2nd tone at-b fc" Srdtone 4th tone be However, the pitch of a tone is not absolute. People speak in different pitch ranges, but the relative tone contours are the same Another point to be noted is that every tone contour, like the glide in music, is presented in a gradual glide rather than a sharp falling o rising. ‘The learner should not be satisfied with an approximately correct command of the tones, but should try to be perfect. When they have grasped the four tones in general, they have to learn which tone the s lable(s) of a word is (are) in, for tones can differentiate words. For example, mai % (to buy) is in the 3rd tone. If you fail to get it correct and pronounce it in the 4th tone, it becomes mai % (to sell) which means completely differently. And if you read it in the Ist tone, the syllable carries no sense, for there is no such a syllable in Chinese. Each of the four tones, when followed by another, will more or less undertake some changes, but the third tone changes most prominently. Here is a brief account of these changes: 1) The 3rd tone loses its final rise when followed by a Ist, 2nd, 4th or a neutral tone sylla- ble, i. only the initial falling portion remains. This is called the half-third tone, e.g. ging hé 4% (please drink) (Note: The dot over iis replaced by the tone-graph where there is one.) Kyou 33% (tour) wo shi 4% (Lam) nimen #4i1 [you (pl.)] 2) The 3rd tone changes to the second when followed by another 3rd tone syllable e.g. Ni hao! #4F (How are you!) is pronounced Ni ho! but the syllable is still marked in the third tone. vinApart from the four basic tones, there is a special tone called the neutral tone which always occurs in syllables other than the beginning one. The neutral tone is pronounced short and soft and. ‘goes without any tone-graph in writing. The neutral tone has three values: hei pa, {st+neutral 2nd+neutral rd+neutral 1) Itis pronounced in the middle pitch when following a Ist or 2nd tone syllable (including those which are originally in the third tone), e.g. heide 49 (a black one) baide 4 #9 (a white one) 2) _Itis pronounced in the mid-high pitch when following a 3rd tone syllable, e.g, xidiode “I> #9 (a smalll one) 3) Itis pronounced in the low pitch when following a 4th tone syllable, e.g. dade % #4 (a big one) IxExercises 1) Initials: b ©) Pp ©) m (0) d © t© ne z (i) ¢ Gi) s (i) zh (i) chi) sh (i) i @ q (i) x (i) 9 ko he y (i) w (u) 2) Finals: a ai ao an ang 0 i ja iao ian iang ie una wai uan wang uo ii ian tie tin 3) Tones: a a a a ya yi yi yk ui la fa 1. Pronounce the following after the recording: F (0) 1e@ r (i) ong e! iong in un 1a fi ing 2. Discriminate the initials that are easily confused: 1) Read the following in pairs: (Wb, ba bao bei ban (@® m, zhi zhui zhuang zhou P po pao pei pen ch chi chui chuang chou @a, da dai di dud (6) i, jin jie iia ja t ta tai ti ud q qin gi git qa Os ge gang ga guan Me, cang XI K ke kang ko kudin s sing en eng la fa a2, zong zan (8) ch, che chi chuan chen © cong can sh she shi shuan shen(G9) 2) Oa x qx ging xing qué xué (3) 5 ai zeng jing 280 jido (17) zuan juan ech ci chi cud chud cai chai cui chu (10) zh, zhi zhang zhou zhun (14) ¢, a ang (18) s, i ji Jiang jiu jan qi gia giang qido sh shi sha shou shuan (i) ch, 4 chi gi chou git chan qian chuan quan (3) sx sou xill sin xin (12) sh, shi sha shen shao (16) 2, za zong zh zhi zha zhi zhong Listen to the recording and cross out the wrong one from each pair of initials: Example: b/p-\ (eight) @ % 6 a ° an. (13) (15) a7) (19) en 23) 25) (27) 2) cp) (33) 65) b/p dak zh/ch *& iq & cs ch/sh ax 8 zh/j ch/q gk & ze ok sh/x 5% 2h cq & six zieh 4 e/ch FE s/sh 29 (skin) (too) (to eat) (to go) (floor) (upper) (to think) (paper) (long) (io close) (time) (deep) (to see) (oor) (first) (to hire) (village) (four) bp dv @— zh/ch ®) j/q (10) c/s (12) ch/sh (4) g/x (16) zh/j (18) ch/q 20) g/k 22) 2/e (24) sh/x (26) 2/j 28) ¢/q (30) s/x (2) 2/eh (4) c/ch (36) s/sh XI ® & (to carry on the back) (right) (to live) (to call) (lo sweep) (to come out) (fine weather) (several) (wally (to open) (to sit) (new) (airty) (please) (three) (sheet) (spring) (city, municipality)(6) 3) Listen to the recording and mark a "+" on the words in which the two syllables have the same initials: Example: + 2¢7# (to criticise) 4.4 (to support) (1) #AK (active) 2) #3 (machine) (3) 4) (industrious) (4) 4¢+& (hurry up) (6) 4638 (universal) (© EM (treasure) @) &R (auimaey (8) ALF (probe into) 0.) ® ® (aver) (10) A # (ateasey (11) 2 (pay) (12) £42 (pillar) Fill in the blanks with the initials according to the recording: Example: zai jian 4+ L (good-bye) a) i i AS (set (2) a i ARS (magazine) (3) — i€ ang 44K cosettic account) (4) ai an 4 * (propeny) (5) —6ng—— ian AF (before) (6) —ing — ui 48 (clear) (7) — ian eng % (Mr) (8) ui BAT (any time) (9) dng ing 47 Gosee off) (10) ian 5848 ity (11) & an #38 (station) (12) ing — ing SE (situation) 3. Discriminate the finals which are easily confused: 1) Read the following (ae @) an en (5) ang, eng (4) ai, et da dé fan fen pang péng bai bai ha he gan gen ding déng mai méi 2a 28 hén shang shéng aii cha che zhan zhen zing eng gi gti (ao, ou (6) ou, uo (7) ia, ie (8) ao, tw hao héu gou gud id dido did tdo tou zu 2ud xia nidio nti zo zdu shou shud wit sho. shdu dou duo aia xitio xiii (ua, uo (10)u, & (1), iu (12), tte hua hue ni nd ja gia hwo 18 gua gud we xa xia chud que zhud zhud zhi ji qi gia zhu jué shud shud wil yi lia shud xué xu(ed 2) [ed 3) (5)an, ang (14)en eng (15) in, ing (16) ian, iang fan fang fen feng xin xing nin nidng tan tang shen sheng in ling liam liging chin ching zhén zhéng min ming Jian jiang kan kang ren réng yin ying xidn_ xiang (17) uan, wang (18) un, ong, gudin guiing din dong huan huang han hong chuén chudng chan chong zhuan zhudng sin song Listen to the recording and cross out the wrong finals: Example:-a/e 4° (and) () ave % (tea) @ ale 2% (this) @) an/en A (person) (@ an/en 4s (mountain) @) ang/eng #% (to weigh) ©) ang/eng ® (busy) M ai/ei 2 (to give) 6) ai/ei FF (open) ©) ao/on — # (handy (10) ao/ou — ¥ (early) (11) ou/uo i (pasty (12) “ou/uo (enough) (13) ia/ie © (family) (14) ia/ie 5 (to write) (13) jao/in +s (small) (16 iao/iun = alt (17) ua/uo 4é (flower) (18) ua/uo & (table) (19) ii -& (female) 20) u/ii 5 (road) @) a/v i (wine) 22) vin y (office) (23) uo/iie %& (omit) (24) uo/iie % (to fall) 25) an/ang — # (help) 26) an/ang (to talk) (7) en/eng 4% (very) (8) en/eng FR (wind) 29) in/ing (please) (30) in/ing —-#F (mew) G1) ian/iang + (thousand) (32) ian/iang # (to speak) G3) uan/uang + (to strott) (34) uan/uang #& (short) (5) un/ong — & (the east) (36) un/ong —f£ (accuracy) Listen to the recording and mark a "+" on the expressions with same finals in both syllables: Example: + #24 (developed) HAF (to launch) # (truck) Q 48 (shirt) ® @) 6) A (passenger t 3K] (lo negotiate) xIv(6) KK (the Great Wall) © PIE Conelpy @) Re (to equip) (8) RAF (0 wear) 0) BAK (had tuck) (i) 4 Go beckon) (i) #5 (backward (12) ¥*& (verbose) (6@ 4) Give the finals and tone-grap! s according to the recording: Example: xuéshud #34 (academic knowledge) @) fn —_ 4 @womany @ 1 —q —® (oenrol @) gz __ #® (established) (4) y — 1 255% (about) © fm __ #¥ (busily) (6) ch zh __ 84K (city and town) ” HF (state of mind) (8) j —— y —_ ##3% (lecture) ) 99 — RX Gomakea (10) k ch __ && (insect) sightseeing trip) (hj —q — 48% Gocontact) (12) j 1 © 3% (oexchangey (6d 4. Tones discrimination: 1) The 2nd and 3rd tones: A. Read the following in pairs: (1) bo b3 (2) po pd (3) mé ms (4) dud dud (5) tu ud (6) lué ud (7) zhdu zhou (8) chu chou (9) shu shou (10) ji jié (11) qié qié (12) xi xie jen to the recording and cross oul the wrong one from each pair of ables: Example: ba/ba 4® (a measure word) (1) bai/bai H (hundred) (2) chang/chang ‘# (often) (3) qing/qing # (please) (4) ji. +R (extreme) (5) lao/lio (old) (6) méi/méi_ (have not) (7) liang/liding # (wo) (8) gud/gud EL (country) C. Give the tone-graph to each syllable according to the recording: Example: rén A (person) (1) wan % (finish) (2) wan, (late) Q) 210 & (len) (4) uo (yesterday) (5) mai & (to buy) (6) mai 38 (to bury) (lan % (blue) (8) lan 8 (lazy) xv2) The Ist and the 4th tones A. Read the following in pairs: (1) gé ge (2) ké ke (hehe (4) zai zai ¢ (6) sai sai (7) bei bai (8) pai pai (9) fi feE (11) qido gitio (12) xido xiao 5) cai cai ct 0) jide jiao B. Listen to the recording and cross out the wrong one from cach pair of syllables: Example: ba/ba A (eight) (1) bao/bao 48 (newspaper) —_(2) faang/fang #£ (to put) (3) qian/gian + (thousand) (4) jin/jin JF (a measure word) (8) shu/shii + (book) (6) wen/wen Fl (to ask) @ md/md — & ink) (8) very 7% (night) C. Give the tone-graph to each syllable according to the recording: Example: shi % (to be) (1) dai # (to bring) Q) dai (to stay) (3) shou IK (to receive) (4) shou (to sell) (ii 34 (chicken) ii (to send) (7) jiang % (ginger) (8) jiang # (sauce) 5. Dictation 1) Give the tone-graphs to the following words: Example: xiongwéi 44 (magnificent) (1) youlan 3 ) 2) youju 88 2) (post office) (3) gongchang =F ( (4) gongyuan 18 (park) ) maoyi LH (woolen jacket) (6) maoyi XB (to trade) () laojia 4% (excuse me) (8) laojia 4% (native place) 2) Write down the disyllabic words in the recording: Example: mous ¢4€ (motor) ay 44S (lo putin order) (2) AEA: (to rest) (3) ___ # ¥ (coriander) (a) (now) 6) BF (wide) (©) __ #4 (come in, please) @) ARIA (team of ball games) (8) ______ °F (son-in-law) XVI6. Read the following: xidn xué shisi, RES: First learn fourteen, zai xué sishi; Ret: then learn forty; xué sishi bié shud shisi, #89-+ 33E-+ e9 + When you learn forty, dont say fourteen, xué shisi bié shud sishi, FF "7 HHEKV-F © When you learn fourteen, don't say forty XVII———7) 2.2) (1) Wp) be) ae () de) th/ch (6) th/chy 0 #4 ®) ive 0) ce (10) es (11) eh/sh_ (12) ch/she (3) q/x (4 ge (15) zh} (10) aB4|_ (IT) ch/q (18) ch. (ge A) Hk AI) wre (22) 2fe 23) sh’ (24) sh/x 25) 24) (26) 2h Qe QBevq QD) ax (30) s/s GU) 2th G2) e/zh BS) e/a BA) w/c (85) s/ate (6) 9/sh 30 + 2 GB) + (3) @) + Oo 8 +H ay + ay ay + 4) 0) ai Q 2m Bim Mach 6) aq ) ach M xsh ® ssh OM sx Ide ANchrh QA 3.2) (1) ae =) ale (3) anven (4) an/en —)_ang/eng (6) ang/eng (7) ai/ei (8) ai/ei_ (9). ovou (10) ao/on (11) 8/0 (12) out (13) jae (14) iafie (15) inofiw (16) fao/iu (17) uae (18) #a/u0 (ai AOHaa =I Win 22) iw 3) wo/ue 4) ore. (25) aw/ang (26) an/ang (27) en/eng (28) en/eng (29) ining (30) in/ing G1) ian/éang (32) dan/iang (33) wan/vang (34) uan/Aaang (35) wn/ong (36) un/ong 3) 0) 2 + @) @ + 6) @ + Or® © +09 ON Oy + 4) &%§ = @ BH —B)_ueud 4) UBL — 6) Gn,ang (6) Engen () in,ing (8) jing. dn (9) wan, wang (20) Gn, ong (11) ie, (12) ido, ia 4.1) BO (1) bai/bai 2) chang/ehing 3) qing/qing — (4) jist (8) Maisto (6) méi/mai (7) Hidag/liéng (8) gud/gud C(t) wan Q wan @) 208 (4) 208 8) mai ©) mai @ lan (8) kin 2) B (1) bao/bao 2) fang/fang (3) qian/@iaw (4) jin ffi (5) shi/shi (6) wan/wan (7) mid/md (8) verve C(t) dai (2) dai (3) shou (4) shou Oi oii @) Jiang (6) Jiang 5. 1) (1) youkin — @) youjit (3) gdngchiing (4) gongyudn i 8) maoyi (0) maoyi @) Hao fia (8) lagjia 2) (1) shoushi —Q) xidixi (3) xiangeai (4) xia (5) kudnguang (6) qingjin (7) qi dui (8) niixu XVIIFAA BK HE Abbreviations of Parts of Speech ming noun zhuanming proper noun dai pronoun dong verb zhadong auxiliary verb xing adjective shar numeral liang measure word fa adverb ie preposition lian conjunction zhi particle tan interjection xiangshéng onomatopoeia | tou prefix | wei suffix | XIXKi Welcome Wang Fang, a staff member of the Tourist Bureau, goes to the Beijing International Airport to meet Mr. Chen Mingshan, an overseas Chinese, and his family. Wang Fang — Nin hao! £ Fm: HW Hart Hello! Hua giao Ni héo! fet Ui AE | Hello!Wang Hua ap Wang Hua She: Wang Hua Mes ‘Wang Bz: Chén Mingshan wt Le Wang £: Chén BR: Qingwén, nin shi Chén Mingshan xiansheng ma? wae RM MR Bw? Excuse me, are you Mr. Chen Mingshan? W6 bai shi Chén Mingshan. RRR Mh OW ve No, I'm not. Dui bu qi. at Habe I'm sorry. Méi guanxi. hh OR hee It’s all right Zaijian. he Good-bye. Zaijian. FH Re Good-bye. Il Nin héo! BB! Qingwén, nin shi Chén Mingshan xiansheng ma? we eR PO oh A BBP Excuse me, are you Mr, Chen Mingshan? Dui, w6 shi Chén Mingshan. ate AE RR OW he Yes, Lam,Wang E: Wé shi Lityouja de, wa jido Wang Fang. Huanying nin, Chén Mingshan KAR BAM KRM BE Fe m we PR PA xidnsheng. %& be I'm from the Tourist Bureau. My name is Wang Fang. Welcome, Mr. Chen. Xidxie ni, Wang xidojie. it Hk Bs dhe Thank you, Miss Wang, xk#2 — hudnying (4b) _ to welcome, to meet we nin (A) you (respectful form of address for the second person singular) e hao (7) good, all right 44% nin hao Hello, How are you? 48 —huagiao (4%) _ overseas Chinese te ni CRI you (sing.) a) qingwén Excuse me, but...?, May I ask...? xX shi (4h) tobe (is, are...) A xiG@nsheng (%] — Mpr., sir, gentleman (as in ‘who is that gentleman?") a ma (a4) a particle used at the end of a sentence to turn it into a question a wo C8] Lyme m ba (81) no, not a} AB dui bu qi Tam sorry. Excuse me. KA méi guanxi ‘That is all right. It does not matter. AR xdijian (44) good-bye, see you again. at dui (7) yes, right, correct ag de (8) (See study point 5.) oy jido (45) to call, to be called, one's name isWH xiéxie (46) to thank *bHh xidojie (4) Miss Proper nouns : EF ‘Wang Fang a woman's name z Wang a. common Chinese family name FRA ~~ Chén Mingshan a name PR Chén a common Chinese family name HR Lilyouja e Tourist Burea | 3© FE Study points | 1. £4 (Wang Fang) With Chinese names, the family name comes before the given one. The given name can be one character or two characters: family name given name B& (Chen) 34h (Mingshan) £ (Wang) % (Fang) tw . 4 1 (Nin hao!) This is a common greeting that may be used any time of the day. 3. M28 BR BA dy %& EB 2 (Nin shi Chén Mingshan xidnsheng ma?) 1) In modern Chinese a sentence ind the predicate, with the $ made up of WWo parts, the subject subject placed before the predicate subject predicate x 2& AA © (Nin shi Chén Mingshan.) K “| £2 © (W6 jido Wang Fang.)2). The pattern for the verb "3%" (shi) used as the predicate is: a) subject + "2" + object A&E RMA LL © (WS shi Chén Mingshan.) In negative sentences the adverb "75" (bit) must precede the verb. b) subject +"%" (ba) +E" Ghi) + object AT AMAA Le © (WS bat shi Chén Mingshan.) 3). Chinese verbs are not conjugated. Thus: a) FRAG © (WO shi huaqido.) (Lam an overseas Chinese.) by) 284A © (Nin shi hudgido.) (You are an overseas Chinese.) ce) fe 4B HR © (Ta shi hudgido.) (ite is an overseas Chinese.) a) 441% 4 HF © (Women shi huagido.) (We are overseas Chinese.) 4) Questions are commonly formed by adding ""5" (ma) at the end of a statement: He EF dS ? (Nin shi Wang Fang xidojie ma?) (Are you Miss Wang Fang?) 5) In Chinese, forms of address and titles always follow the family name or the whole name: WR AA AZ (Chén Mingshan xidnsheng) Eb 4B (Wang xidiojie) . RRR a © (WS ba shi Chén Mingshan.) ‘When preceding a word of the fourth tone, "7%" (bi) changes to the second tone marked by," 7 * eg. "A" (ba shi); while in some phrases, such as "#47542" (dui bu qi, itis in the neutral tone, and consequently unmarked. . FIER ER 44 © (WE shi Lilyouja de.) ‘The sentence means "I am from the Tourist Bureau 45 (de) approximates ‘of ' in meaning, but is used differently from its English equivalent.Supplementary mB 2, ae RAP oe ae KR words: name yiding Zhang Dazhong Zhang Li Zhao Zhang Wénhén 1, Phonetic Exercises: 1) Tones: (1) Changes of the 3rd tone then definite, definitely, must name of aman a common Chinese family name a common Chinese family name a common Chinese family name name of a man bl + ta qing wen ni shi Ws jido Wd —_jido Wang Fang. shi Mingshan. (2) Changes of the tone of "7" (bit) % (bil ba ba ba ba ) + ta shi jiao dui xié (3) Neutral tone xidnsheng xiéxie dui bu qi méiguanxi_— Ltiyouja de 2) Sound discrimination sh shi shan sheng shio xxi xin xing xido2. What to say when you are not sure if you are speaking to the right person. Model: | Qingwén, nin shi Chén Mingshan xiansheng ma? ie Re xm Rb eR (Chén Mingshan xiansheng) CR FA AB) 1) . nin shi ma? (Zhang Dazhong xidnsheng) —_ ' & AL 2? ( wk KP A 2) 2), nin shi ___ ma? (Wang xidnsheng) _ fe BP? (zB AB) 3) Qingwén, ——____ (Li xitiojie) * iq _? (3 ay 48) 4) Qingwén, —_____________? (Zhao xidinsheng) a > (Rk &H 2B) 3. I'm not..., I'm. Make a dialogue after the model. Model: A: Nin shi Chén Mingshén xiansheng ma? a a a) ae a B: W6 ba shi Chén Mingshan. RRR MB Wo ihe A: Dui bu qi, nin shi ? ah RR ER Wé shi Zhang Wenhén. KA KR Tmo 1) Nin shi Zhang Dazhong xiansheng ma? xR KP A H BP? 2) Nin shi Chén xidnsheng ma? He Ae Bh?3) Nin shi Zhao xidiojie ma? HR Mh? 4) Nin shi Wang xiansheng ma? Be ER kB? |. What to say when welcoming someone. Fill in the blanks with "4" (nin hito) and "#38 (huanying nin) Model: | A. Nin hao, Chén Mingshan xiansheng! Hudnying nin! OR OA Lm B. Chén Mingshan xidnsheng, nin hao! Hudnying nin! Rm OW ob A bs BI KR me EL C. Nin héo! Huanying nin, Chén Mingshan xiansheng! el ok ROO .Chén xittojiel, st + BR os Me ! B. Chén xidiojie, $e PRs eh ! ! » Chén xidiojie! Hh et 2) A. Zhao xiGnsheng, —_____ !_____! Rw RA: tt B.. !__, Zhao xiansheng! ta KE C._____. , Zhao xiansheng! —___! —— &® A BI 3) A. ! Li xiansheng! ——_!____'# & #4! B. ____, Lixiansheng!______! ——' FA #1! C. Li xiansheng, —____ | ______! FA BS: ! !(60) 5. Listen to the dialogues: ) Waing fang zz Ft Chén Mingshan BA oa: Wang zB: Chén HRD Chén BR Zhang Dazhéng Kk PS Zhang Wénhan a Chén MR Zhang ie Chén Mm: Zhang ik: Chén BE Zhang HK: Chen BR: Chén Mingshan xidnsheng! a ea Wang Fang xidojie. bE F the Nin héo! 4G! Nin hao! 4 * * * Zhang xiansheng! ROR ! Nin hao! Boe! Nin hao! & Nin shi Zhang xiansheng ma? x wk A kh B? Dui ate Nin shi Zhang Wénhan xidnsheng? GR HK KR AK Wo bai shi Zhang Wénhan, wa jiao Zhang Dazhong. RRR Gk KR KRY He KR Pe Dui bu qi. at Reo Méi guanxi. kh RA Name, nin yiding shi AB, + meZhang Dui, w6 shi Zhang Wénhan, ak: at RA KR TL Re Chén — Huanying, huanying! Zhang xiansheng! am Ms kM! kh HA BE! 6. Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1) How do you dot 2) Excuse me, but are you Miss Zhao? 3) Welcome, Mr. ang! 4) Lam not Wang Fang, 5) My name is Zhang Dazhong. (1 1) 2) 3) 4) 6. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Qing wen, nin shi Zhéng Dazhong xiansheng ma? eM BRR RP RR oe? nin shi Wong xidnsheng ma? ‘OR BR BB? Qing wen, nin shi Li xidjie m eM BRE MG? Qing wen, nin shi Zhao xigmsheng ma? Hh MRM RR BP Nin hao! ©! Qing wen, nin shi Zhao xidiojie ma? MR MR de? Huanying nin, Zhéing xidinsheng! mk MR HR A! W8 bai shi Wang Fang REL E Fe Wa jido Zhang Dazhong, RY KOK pe ee 10RH Introduction Li Wenhan, a friend of Chen Mingshan's, visits the Chens at the Beijing Hotel. (69) A knock at the door) Chéen Be Li wénhan FL Ri Chen Qing jin! A, LaoLi, ni hao! Wo RL: a Bis th 4! Come in, please, Ah, Lao Li. How are you? Ni hao, Lao Chén. URE AE Fine, and you, Qing 2ud. we me Have a seat.