DESIGN FOR FLEXURE :DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

Given :b,d,d’, Mu ,fc’,fy

Req’d : As, As’
General Procedure
1. Solve for Ru
Mu
Ru 
 bd 2
2. Solve for p
1 2mRu
p  (1  1  )
m fy
3. Check if the beam needs compression reinforcement
0 .85 fc '  1 600
pb  pmax  0.75 pb
( 600  f y ) f y
if p > pmax then compression reinforcement is necessary
4. Solve for As1 9. Solve for fs’
As1  p max bd 600(a  1 )
d '
fs 
'

a
5. Solve for a
As1 f y Case 1
a If fs’ ≥ fy then fs’ = fy
0.85 fc' b ( compression steel yields at failure)
6. Solve for Mu1
As'  As 2
a Case 2
M u1  As1 f y (d  ) If fs’ < fy then use fs’
2 ( compression steel does not yield at failure)
7. Solve for Mu2

M u 2  M u  M u1 As 2 f y
A 
'
s
8. Solve for As2 f s'
10. Solve for As
M u2
As 2 
f y ( d  d ' ) As  As1  As 2
 Problem:
Design the reinforcement of a rectangular beam to carry a factored
moment of 272 kN.m. The beam width is 250 mm,effective depth
400mm. Use fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 345 MPa, d’ =60 mm.

Solution
Mu 272 (10 ) 6
Ru    7 . 55
 bd 2
0 . 9 ( 250 )( 400 ) 2

fy 345
m   19 . 61
0 . 85 fc ' 0 . 85 ( 20 . 7 )
1 2(19.61)7.55
p (1  1  )  0.0317
19.61 345
0 .85 fc '  1 600 0 .85 ( 20 .7 ) 0 .85 ( 600 )
pb    0 .0275
( 600  f y ) f y ( 600  345 )345
pmax  0.75(0.0275)  0.0206
p > pmax compression reinforcement is necessary
 As1  pmax bd  0.0206 ( 250 ) 400  2060 mm 2
As1 f y 2060(345)
a   161.57mm
0.85 fc' b 0.85(20.7)250
161.57
0.9(2060)345(400 )
a 2
Mu1  As1 f y (d  )  6
 204.18kN.m
2 10
M u 2  M u  M u1  272  204.18  67.82kN.m
M u2 67 .82 (10 ) 6
As 2    642 .42 mm 2
f y ( d  d ' ) 0.9(345 )( 400  60 )
Compression
600(a  1d ' ) 600(161.57 [0.85(60)]) Steel yields
f 
s
'
  410.6MPa at failure
a 161.57

As'  As 2  642 .42 mm 2 As  As1  As 2  2060  642.42  2702.42mm2

DESIGN FOR BENDING : T-BEAMS (z > t)

Given: bw,t,Mu,d,center to center spacing of beams(assuming symmetrical

interior beam), L, fc’,fy
Required: As
1. Determine the effective flange width bf
bf = L/4
bf = bw + 16t
bf = center to center spacing of beams
Use the smallest value of bf
Note: if bf is given omit step 1
2. Solve for Asf
0.85 fc' (b f  bw )t
Asf 
fy
3. Solve for Muf
t
M uf  Asf fy (d  )
2
If Mu > Muf then design as T- beam
4. Solve for Muw Muw  Mu Muf
5. Solve for a
a
M uw   0.85 fc' abw (d  )
2
6. Solve for Asw
0.85 fc' abw
Asw 
fy
7. Solve for As
As  Asf  Asw
8. Check for yielding of tension steel

As 0.85 fc' 1 600

pw  pb 
bw d (600  f y ) f y
A sf
pf  pw max  0.75( pb  p f )  pw
bwd
Design the reinforcement of a T- beam to resist a factored moment of
750 kN.m. Properties of the T- beam are as follows : bf = 550 mm,
bw = 300 mm, d = 600 mm, t = 110 mm, fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 345 MPa.

solution

0.85 fc ' (b f  bw )t 0.85(20.7)(550  300)110

Asf    1402.5mm 2
fy 345
110
0.9(1402.5)345(600  )
t 2  237.33kN .m
M uf  Asf fy (d  ) 
2 106
Mu > Muf design as T- beam

Muw  Mu  Muf  750  237.33  512.67kN.m

 a
M uw   0.85 fc' abw (d  )
2
a
512 .67 (10 ) 6  ( 0 .9 ) 0 .85 ( 20 .7 )300 a ( 600  )
a2 2
107915 .8  600 a 
2
a 2  1200 a  215831 .6  0
1200  (1200 ) 2  4 ( 215831 .6 )
a  220 .3mm  110 mm
2

0 .85 fc ' ab w 0 .85 ( 20 .7 ) 220 .3(300 )

Asw    3370 .6 mm 2
fy 345

As  Asf  Asw  1402.5  3370.6  4773.1mm2

Check for yielding of tension steel

As 4773 . 1
pw    0 . 0265
b w d 300 ( 600 )
Asf 1402 . 5
pf    0 . 008
b w d 300 ( 600 )
0.85 fc' 1 600 0.85(20.7)0.85(600)
pb    0.0275
(600  f y ) f y (600  345)345

pw max  0.75( pb  p f )  0.75(0.0275 0.008)  0.0266 pw

Tension steel yields at failure

DESIGN FOR BENDING : T-BEAMS (z < t)

Given: bw,t,Mu,d,center to center spacing of beams(assuming symmetrical

interior beam), L, fc’,fy
Required: As
1. Determine the effective flange width bf
bf = L/4
bf = bw + 16t
bf = center to center spacing of beams
Use the smallest value of bf
Note: if bf is given omit step 1
2. Solve for Asf
0.85 fc' (b f  bw )t
Asf 
fy
3. Solve for Muf
t
M uf  Asf fy (d  )
2

If Mu < Muf then z < t ,design as wide rectangular beam

4. Solve for a
a
M u   0.85 fc' ab f (d  )
2
0 .85 fc ' b f a
5. Solve for As As 
fy
6. Check for yielding of tension steel
As 0.85fc' 1 600
p pb  pmax  0.75pb  p
bf d (600 f y ) f y
Problem :
A reinforced concrete T-beam with bf = 810 mm, d = 300 mm,
bw = 200 mm , t = 100 mm, fc’=20.7 MPa, fy = 414 MPa is to be
designed to carry an ultimate moment of 221 kN.m Determine the
required steel area.
solution

0.85 fc' (b f  bw )t 0.85(20.7)(810  200)100

Asf    2683.2mm2
fy 414
100
0.9(2683.2)414(300  )
t 2  249.9kN .m
M uf  Asf fy (d  ) 
2 106

Design as wide rectangular beam

a
M u   0.85 fc' ab f (d  )
2
 a
221(10)  0.90.85(20.7)810a(300  )
6

2 2
a
17229.6  300a 
2
a  600a  34459.2  0
2

600  (600) 2  4(34459.2)

a  64.33mm
2
0.85 fc ' b f a 0.85( 20 .7 )(810 )64 .33
As    2214 .5mm 2
fy 414
As 2214.5 0.85(20.7)0.85600
p   0.0091 pb   0.0213
bf d 810(300) (600  414)414

pmax  0.75(0.0213)  0.016  0.0091 Tension steel yields at failure