GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Affiliated

Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering

Presentation On
PETRO-ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE

Under subject of
DESIGN ENGINEERING
B.E. (2nd) year, Semester - IV

Faculty guide : Dr. Mrunal Chaudhary

Academic year :2020-2021
Submitted by group

TEAM ID :- 292744
Sr no. Name Enrollment no.
(1) PORWAL VAIBHAV 190280119105
(2) LOTWALA OM M. 190280119053
(3) RANA JAINAM N. 190280119113
(4) RATHVAKOLII KEYURKUMAR P. 190280119118
(5) SACHANIYA DIGNESH MUKESHBHAI 190280119119
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. PORWAL VAIBHAV S, LOTWALA OM M, RANA JAINAM N,

RATHVAKOLI KEYURKUMAR P, SACHANIYA DIGNESH MUSKESHBHAI, Enrollment
no. 190280119105, 190280119053, 190280119113, 190280119118, 190280119119 of
semester 4th has satisfactorily completed the laboratory course in the course Design
Engineering-1B within the four walls of the institute.

Date of submission :

Faculty-in-charge Internal examiner

Asst. Professor Dr.Mrunal Chaudhary
 Acknowledgement

This project consumed a huge amount of work, research and dedication. Still,
Implementation would not have been possible if we did not have the support
of many individuals and organizations. Therefore we would like to extend our
sincere gratitude to all of them. First of all, we are thankful to our internal
guide Prof. Samir Shah for their logistical support and for providing necessary
guidance concerning projects implementation. We would like to express our
sincere thanks to volunteer researchers who devoted their time and knowledge
in the implementation of this project. To innumerable websites on the
internet, and to all those who have uploaded their knowledge, imaginations,
ideas, graphic skills etc., on these websites. Also, to all those from prehistoric
days to today, who have registered their knowledge, imaginations, thoughts
etc., through different means and mediums. Nevertheless, we express our
sincere gratitude towards our families and colleagues for their kind co-
operation and motivation which helped us in the completion of this project.
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the DE- Report Submitted Along With The Canvas Sheets
Entitled "PETRO-ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLE". In Partial Fulfillment For 3rd
Semester Mechanical Engineering Of GTU, Ahmedabad During The Academic Year
2020-21 under the supervision of Dr. Mrunal Chaudhary and that no part of these
DE-IB reports has been directly copied from any students reports or taken from any
other source, without providing the reference.
Sr no. Name Enrollment no.

1)
PORWAL VAIBHAV 190280119105
2)
LOTWALA OM M 190280119053

3)
RANA JAINAM N 190280119113
4)
RATHVAKOLI KEYURKUMAR P 190280119118

5)
SACHANIYA DIGNESH M 190280119119
 Design Engineering
Design engineering is all about developing and launching innovative ideas, concepts, prototypes and business
models are essential for the continuity of the firm. The reason that makes innovation difficult is that a lot of people
have to change their conviction and habits before something new will be deployed. The basic flow of Design
engineering Process starts with the problem or a challenge we have identified from- experience, dreams, necessity,
facing problems, existing products, creative nature, the novel combination of existing ideas, surroundings, doing
work. Design Engineering is a general term that covers multiple engineering disciplines including electrical,
mechanical, chemical engineer, aeronautical engineer, structural/building/architectural engineers. The uniting
concept is a focus on applying the 'engineering design process, in which engineers develop new products or
processes with a primary emphasis on functional utility.

Learning Tools and Its Importance

• Design of a new product usually starts with a forward design process in which the need is put forward by a
customer/client.

• The students work in a group to solve challenging open-ended design problems. They come up with several
feasible alternative solutions from which the best solution is taken for further studies and analysis. Since the design
process course in our engineering school heavily emphasizes involving the students in hands-on leading activities, it
helps them to understand how to buy the products easily.
DIGNESH
The idea of project and product was initiated by him as well as he
took a very active part in creating our canvas. He gave his drawing
expertise to the project in a way that the project reached a different
level of creativity. He was full of knowledge about this topic which
makes him a perfect member to be chosen in the group. He managed
the dates and places for working of a group to make this project.

Email id: sachaniyadignesh@gmail.com

Contact No.: 7487851601

JAINAM
Designing and writing work was done by him. With his creative and
purposeful thinking, our group has been able to complete the project in
time. As we talk about technical detailing of the project, he helped so
much with his awesome practical knowledge. The main contribution in
AEIOU canvas. He helped in creating and placing of canvas detailing
and images.
Email Id : jainamnrana@gmail.com
Phone no. : 7227882429
KEYUR
He was the main designer of the project and also content writer With his
fantastic skills of creations of ideas he supported the group in selecting the
topic as well as to explore more about this topic. Not only had he
developed the idea also he gave support to the designing part of the canvas
With his excellent presence of mind he helped co-workers in there ideation.
Email ID : rathvakolikeyurkumar@gmail.com
Contact no. : 7069596310

OM
He was the member who has confidence about the success of this
project. He helped as much as possible in the ideation and
completed sheets neatly. He doesn't get panic due to less time or
in any situation he patiently listens to everyone opinion and has
the skills to manage a group.
Email ID : o.m.lotwala@gmail.com
Phone no. : 9328746793
VAIBHAV
As we know that team leader plays an important role in all aspects of team events. Vaibhav
sets a perfect example of a great leader. He always encouraged us in this project. By his
problem-solving skills, he helped us when we had some doubts about this project. Under his
leadership, we were able to complete this task easily and properly. We are thankful to have
him as a leader and we look forward to work under his commands.
Email Id : Vaibhavporwal942@gmail.com
Phone no. :9429897889
 CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Chapter 4: Ideation Canvas

1.1 Introduction about project 4.1 People

4.2 Activities
1.2 Block diagram of project 4.3 Situation/context props / possible solution

Chapter 2: AEIOU Sheets Chapter 5: Product development canvas

2.1 Activities
2.2 Environment 5.1 Product Experience
2.3 Interactions 5.2 Product Functions
2.4 Objects 5.3 Components
2.5 Users 5.4 People

Chapter 3: Empathy mapping Chapter 6 : Mind mapping

3.1 Users Chapter 7: LNM Sheet
3.2 Stakeholders
3.3 Activities
3.4 Story Chapter 8
8.1 Design of Mechanism
8.2 Classification of Component
8.3 Cost of Component
8.4 Advantages & Disadvantages
 1.1) Introduction about project
 With the advancement in the 21st Century, there has been increasing in the usage of Oil and Gas
leading to problems like Global Warming, climate change, shortage of crude oil, etc. Due to these
reasons, Engineers have started researching making Hybrid Technology . Our Report is based on
the possibility of energy generation from smart materials and utilize it to save environment.
 Today due to increasing pollution leads to increase in temperature, for a good cause we are forced
to focus or start thinking for Green Technology or the technology which can stop the adverse effect
happening on Nature. Hence, the 21st Century will become the Century for Evolution in various
technologies with the main focus in Hybrid vehicle. The technologies which will change the face of
todays world .The sector would be “Hybrid Electric Vehicle”, “Hybrid Solar Vehicle”, “Hydrogen
Fuel Cell”, etc.
 So from all this we came up with an idea after some research from internet to design a mechanism,
which can be utilize in hybrid vehicle. But as many companies are making hybrid vehicles which are
working partly or combine way also with engine and motor both, but all company use regenerative
braking system by modifying their mechanism utilize it in their product. So their main principle is
Regenerative braking system.(contd.)

.
 Contd.
 So we try to modify their mechanism & came up with an idea of utilizing wheel
kinetic energy and convert it into electricity and storing it in batteries by using
reverse mechanism.
 We planned to make some changes as compare to other vehicle as we are not
adding direct electric charger to charge it at electric charge station, rather we add
mechanism in such a manner until the vehicle will move with a specific speed it
will generate electricity on the expense of wheel movement.
 Many of us are thinking how it can be utilized, so as rest all vehicle we are adding
an engine at front body which will transmit it power to gearbox attach at backside
shaft, now beside it we are attaching a motor which on require work like
generator also, now mechanism is like,with power of engine wheel will rotate and
if rotor speed is more than RMF speed(speed of generator) then only electricity
will generate and we accomplish it by using gear train and once with this battery
which will be attach between both shaft get charged.
 So once it get charged by switching mode from engine to battery, and now
electricity will flow from battery to motor(previously generator) and shaft will
rotate, so now wheel will drive from electricity. ( condition: RMF speed> ROTOR
SPEED).Next page is attach with block diagram for better understanding.
1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROJECT
• Process
First :- green supply(conventional method)
second:- black supply(charging process)
Third :- brown to pink supply (driving or discharging process)
Gear
box

inverter

ENGINE
BATTERY
motor

Gear train

generator

Note :- color ray represent only transmission of power.

Chapter 2 - AEIOU Sheets

Understanding the problem of society is one of the biggest challenges for

engineering student as till now they were making project on imaginary ideas.
On the first day, we got the basic knowledge of design engineering. What is
design engineering and why we need design engineering? How this subject
will be useful to the student? All this questions has been cleared properly and
also that how this activity will be useful in design engineering. These are the
steps of the project or problem. In this canvas, we have to find out... • What is
user to your problems?
• What is Environment of your project?
• What are activities?
• What is objects and Interaction of your problems?
These are the 1"step of the Project or Problem.
 2.1 Activities

General Elements, features and special

impressions/Observations notes
-Car travel a long distance -One rechargeable battery
-Fuel consumption -Rectifier
-On battery discharging 50% -Induction motor, motor-
charging -mode on generator
-Less fuel used so no problem -Indicator meter
-Inverter gears
 2.2) Environment

General
impressions/Observations Elements, features and
-Generator, motor and gears are special notes
present -Large space
-Generates heat -Wear and tear
-Produces sound -Motor and flywheel (same side
-Present in the backside of the car rotation)
-Rotating motion -Winter petrol engine stocks
(clockwise/anticlockwise)
electric engine work
-Seasonal changes
-Traffic
2.3) Interactions

• General impressions/Observations • Elements, features and special

-Driver with traffic notes
-Driver with passenger -Eco-friendly in electric mode
-A vehicle with local people
-Driving pleasure by physical feel -Conservation o natural
by vehicle resources
-No worry about the
completion of fuel
• Scene of interaction -Driver satisfaction on the
-Customer will attract by its two long route
modes -Increase market demand
-Traffic will be happy with less
noise
 2.4) Objects
• Elements, features and special
• General notes
impressions/Observations One rechargeable battery
-One rechargeable battery Electricity storage
-Rectifier Rectifier: charging the battery- 1 to
-Induction motor, motor- 2
generator Induction motor: Electric to kinetic
-Indicator meter Indicator meter: Low battery
-Inverter, gears Indicator
Motor generator: Kinetic to kinetic
Inverter: DC to AC
• Inventory of key objects • Gears: transferring Motion one to
-Car others
 2.5) Users
• General
impressions/Observations • Elements, features and
Mechanic- to give proper special notes
shape and design to it Mechanic
Company's owner-to aware Customer
people to get benefits of it Company's owner
Customer- buy it to save Driver
fuel, electricity and Passengers
environment
Driver- to use it in both the
modes when necessary
Company- to give time to
time service to the
customer
Chapter 3 - Empathy Canvas

• This is the 2nd step of the Project or Problem. Understanding the

problem of society is one of the biggest challenges for engineering
student as till now they were making a project on imaginary ideas. So
this was based on understanding the domains of the problem in a
broader sense which emphasized on interacting with the people of
your domain area which included more casual talk rather than a
technical session. And this activity was named as Storyboarding
canvassing.

Our domain was PE-HV VEHICLE, We started with identifying the

people related to our domain directly and indirectly. Then list out the
activities which are done with this car. As we need to focus on
people's emotions we wrote Happy and Sad Story which helps us to
get more attached with the user.
 Empathy canvas
3.1)USER 3.2) Stakeholders

3.3) Activities 3.4) Story

 USER:- ACTIVITIES:- STAKEHOLDERS:-
Truck driver Travelling with documents and luggage National government
Bus driver Use the car for emergency purpose Car manufacture
Car driver Using a car for a family trip Local government
A person from any Travel less on petrol engine in our local areas. Electricity producers
profession Also, we can listen to music during driving Charging equipment
developers

STORY BOARDING:-
HAPPY 1:- It was a sunny day. Ritik was heading towards his college for GTU examination with his father. As college was far from
home and the exam would start at 11 am, they left home early at 8 am by their car as they have to reach the examination hall at 10:30
am. But at 10:00 am fuel of the car got nullified on the way and there was no fuel station nearby. Ritik got panic, by thinking what
would happen if they don’t reach on time. But at the time his father switched on the electric mode and reached at examination hall on
time, both were happy to have this car.
HAPPY 2:- Sudha an IT professional applied for a job in a company and got an interview call. It was a Monday morning. Sudha has
interviewed at 10:00 am but she got late due to some household work she left home at 8:30 am and reached office at around 9:00 am
but she realized that she had forgotten an important file at home as there was no one at home, she immediately went home and take
over her file but later she found that she was out of fuel so she switches the car on electric mode and went for the interview, she got
selected for that job.
SAD 1:- It was 7:00 am on Wednesday. Rohan got late to catch his school bus as the school gets started at 8:30 am. He asked his father
to drop him to his school, but when he started the car it didn’t start due to water stuck in the engine due to heavy rain and electric
charging got discharged as he used it last night to come from office to home, he called the mechanic to get the car repaired. Due to this
Rohan got late for his school as well his father.
SAD 2:- Nikita who was working in MNC made a plan for Navratri with her friends at the farmhouse. They decided to reach there at
9:30 pm as the entry was not allowed after 10:00 pm, she came home early around 5:00 pm and without asking, Her sister took her car
for her college work and her sister found less fuel. So she drives the car at electric mode and after coming back she parked the car at
home and she didn’t know that her elder sister Nikita had the plan to drive the car to a farmhouse with her friends and Nikita don’t
know that her sister used car for her work. Due to no fuel, Nikita also drives a car at electric mode as car move till half distance and
stopped, both fuel and electricity get over by someone help they arranged some fuel but not able to reach the farmhouse.
Chapter 4 -Ideation Canvas
 Chapter 4 -Ideation Canvas
People:
-travels long distances and out of stations
-college students
-salesmen
-18+ citizens
-forgets to fuel up the car
Activities:
-travelling with heavy luggage
-students/job applicants going for exams/interviews
-talking
-blowing horn
-listening to music
Situation/context/location
-petrol or diesel engine may not work in winters
-fuel tanks may get empty in mid-journey
-due to heavy luggage electricity may run out
-can be used in cities as it requires less power to work

Props/ possible solutions

-Indicator: measures the exact amount of electricity and alert precisely -before electricity run out
-Signal Informer: alert before fuels run out
Chapter 5 - Product and development canvas
 Chapter 5 - Product and development canvas
PRODUCT FEATURES:-
PURPOSE:-
-to reduce toxic gases in the atmosphere. -it consumes less fuel and emits less CO2
-battery is charged by the electric motor - more efficient engine -regenerative brakes turn this
when a car runs on fuel wasted into kinetic energy to electrical energy
-cut down the usage of fossils fuel - it has two different modes
PEOPLE:-
-people usually travel a long distance
- youngsters use during their long drive trips REJECT, REDESIGN, RETAIN:-
-travellers used to travel in cities -cost is high
- another ferry driver
PRODUCT EXPERIENCE:- - more maintenance
-customers will feel reliable when they can - space problem
use both modes
-comfort will increase with less fuel usage COMPONENTS:-
-safety will increase as no fear of stuck in -prime mover
between the journey - electric motor
PRODUCT FUNCTION:- - energy storage system
-a battery of cars automatically recharge - DC-DC converter
while you drive
-it can be drivable after fuel completion on - DC- AC converter
electric mode CUSTOMER RE-VALIDATION:-
-smart technology
- eco friendly
- easy to convert in both modes
Chapter 6- Mind mapping
Ch.7 LNM Sheet
DESIGN OF MECHANISM
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPONENTS

• Battery
• Inverter
• Electric generator
• Electric motor
• Gear box
• Gear train
• IC engine
Calculation for motor & battery
 Classification of Components(contd.)

1) Battery : 72volt
2) Electric generator: 5kw approx. power permits upto 85% efficiency.
3) Induction motor: power- 3kw
torque- 260Nm
RPM- 1500RPM
4) IC engine :- Max output 3.2kw at 400 RPM and 126cc.
 Cost of Components

COMPONENTS PRICE(INR)

1. Battery 75000

2. Inverter 50000

3. Electric generator 70000

4. Electric motor -

5. Gear box 10000

6. Gear train 5000

 1.4) Advantages

• Hybrid cars can be important in the energy transition process.

• Can reduce our use of fossil fuels.
• Less air pollution, Less particle pollution, Less noise pollution.
• The overall level of dependence on fossil fuels will be lower.
• You can save money on gasoline.
• High durability of hybrid cars, Hybrid cars can help to slow down
global warming.
• May help to protect our natural resources.
 1.5)Disadvantages

• They still imply some level of pollution High purchase price of

hybrid cars.
• Technology issues are rather common significant maintenance costs
related to hybrid cars.
• May be hard to find a knowledgeable mechanic.
• Overall performance may be lower compared to conventional cars
Extra weight of batteries reduces fuel efficiency.
• Battery replacement can be expensive Battery disposal implies
additional waste High-voltage batteries can be dangerous.
• High speed may be rather limited Longer waiting times Hybrid cars
often have a rather confined range
REFERENCES

• https://youtu.be/W10YiuI0wHg
• https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/ebooks/TT/Energy-Harvesting-for-Low-
Power-Autonomous-Devices-and-Systems/2/Mechanical-to-Electrical-Energy-
Conversion-Transducers/10.1117/3.2256429.ch02?SSO=1
• https://www.dummies.com/education/science/physics/how-to-convert-
potential-energy-into-kinetic-energy/
• https://study.com/academy/lesson/kinetic-energy-to-potential-energy-
relationship-in-different-energy-types.html
• https://youtu.be/3SAxXUIre28
• https://youtu.be/b-PYPJ6SWJM