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4 Sub Syllabus
4 Sub Syllabus
SASTRA
L T P C
3 1 0 4
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
To help the learners in understanding Laplace transforms techniques used in engineering
disciplines. Also it provides an insight into Fourier series techniques and its applications. Further
the course provides a knowledge on complex differentiation and integration which helps in
solving some special type of integrations known as contour integrations which come in many
engineering fields.
UNIT – I 15 Periods
Laplace Transforms
Properties of the Laplace transform - Transforms of derivatives and Derivatives of transforms -
Shifting theorems - Initial and Final value Theorems – Change of scale property - Convolution
theorem - Periodic function theorem - Inversion Laplace transforms. Solving First order and
Second order Ordinary Differential equations and simultaneous Differential equations using
Laplace Transforms
L-C-R Circuit problems, Mechanical vibrating string problems(with damped, without damped
models), simple problems of stability theory in Control systems
UNIT – II 15 Periods
Fourier Series
Introduction to Fourier series- Dirichlet’s conditions, Fourier series of odd and even functions,
Half-Range Fourier Series and Parseval’s theorem, Root-mean square value of a function,
Complex form of Fourier series.
Harmonic analysis, Fourier series solution to Transverse vibrations of a stretched vibrating
strings – Problems.
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UNIT – IV 15 Periods
Complex Integration
Cauchy’s Integral theorem and Integral Formula –Taylor and Laurent’s series - Types
of Singularities – Calculus of residues –Cauchy's residue theorem.
TEXT BOOKS
REFERENCES
1. Advanced Eangineering Mathematics ,H.K.Dass, S.Chand & Company New Delhi, Reprint,
2014.
2. Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics (Fourth edition) Glyn James, Pearson
Education Limited , England, 2011(Reprint 2015).
3. James W. Brown and Ruel V. Churchill, ”Complex Variables and Applications”, McGraw- Hill
2009 (8th Edition) Reprint 2015,Chapters 1-3.
4. H. Dym and H. P. McKean: Fourier Series and Integrals, Academic Press, 1972.
ONLINE MATERIALS
1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/117101055/19
2. http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/336L/Fluidhtml/node91.html
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SASTRA
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Course Objective:
1. To provide an insight, into the fundamentals of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation
with matter with special emphasis on spectroscopy
2. To deliver the need for UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in bio-
molecular characterisation
3. To provide an insight, into the commonly used chromatographic and electrophoretic
techniques used in biomolecules separation
4. To rationalize the use of radioactive tracers in biology and medicine
UNIT - I 12 Periods
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter; Frequency; Wave number; Wave length;
Regions and wavelengths.
Absorption (UV-Visible) & Emission (Fluorescence) Spectroscopy
Absorption and Emission spectroscopy; Atomic and Molecular difference; Principle; Beer-
Lambert law; Deviation from Beer-Lambert law; Types of electronic transitions; Metallic (d-d)
and Non-metallic (σ, π, n); Instrumentation – Double Beam Spectrophotometer; Applications
(Lowry’s method for protein estimation (metallic); Enzyme Assays (non-metallic); Calibration
curves for estimation using UV-Vis); Real time Case studies - Drunken Driving, Blood sugar
estimation, Ca2+ levels in Blood); Principle of Fluorescence phenomenon; Jablonski diagram;
need for fluorophore; Fluorescence quenching and solvent effects. Initiation into Förster
resonance energy transfer (FRET); Fluorimetry.
UNIT - II 11 Periods
NMR Spectroscopy
1
H NMR phenomenon; Chemical shift; Spin-Spin splitting (Prediction of types of 1H and
splitting patterns in simple and substituted aliphatic/aromatic molecules and biomolecules;
first order effects only); spin decoupling; Introduction to 13C NMR (Predictions of types of 13C
signals); Relaxation T1 and T2 states; Introduction to Magnetic Resonance in Imaging (MRI)
Mass Spectrometry
Principle; Molecular Ion Peak; Base Peak; Ionization – Electrospray (ESI) and MALDI;
Analysis – Quadrupole and Time of Flight (TOF); Instrumentation – ESI-TOF and MALDI-TOF;
Examples of MATRIX; nitrogen rule; Fragmentation ions of peptides; Application (Molecular
weight determination of proteins).
TEXTBOOKS
1. Upadhyay A., K. Upadhyay and N Nath, Biophysical Chemistry, 4/e, Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai, 2016.
2. Klostermeier, D. and M.G. Rudolph, Biophysical Chemistry, 1/e, CRC Press, 2017.
REFERENCES
1. Lundblad, R.L. and F.M. Macdonald, Handbook of Biochemistry and Molecular biology,
5/e, CRC Press, 2017.
2. Willard, H.H., L.L. Merritt, J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Instrumental Methods of Analysis,
7/e,CBS Publishers, Delhi, 2004.
3. Berg, J.M., J.L. Tymoczko, G.J Gatto and L. Stryer, Biochemistry, 8/e, W.H. Freeman
Publishers, 2015.
4. Ghatak, K.L., Techniques and methods in Biology, 1/e, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2010.
ONLINE MATERIAL
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/102103044/
LEARNING OUTCOMES
UNIT – I 12 Periods
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter; Frequency; Wave number; Wave
length; Regions and wavelengths.
UNIT- II 11 Periods
NMR Spectroscopy
1
H NMR phenomenon; Chemical shift; Spin-Spin splitting (Prediction of types of 1H
and splitting patterns in simple and substituted aliphatic/aromatic molecules and
biomolecules; first order effects only); spin decoupling; Introduction to 13C NMR
(Predictions of types of 13C signals); Relaxation T1 and T2 states; Introduction to
Magnetic Resonance in Imaging (MRI)
Mass Spectrometry
Principle; Molecular Ion Peak; Base Peak; Ionization – Electrospray (ESI) and
MALDI; Analysis – Quadrupole and Time of Flight (TOF); Instrumentation – ESI-TOF
and MALDI-TOF; Examples of MATRIX; nitrogen rule; Fragmentation ions of
peptides; Application (Molecular weight determination of proteins).
UNIT - IV 11 Periods
Electrophoresis
Principle; Expressions for Electrophoretic Mobility and Zeta Potential; Types of
electrophoresis – native (agarose, PAGE); denatured (SDS-PAGE), discontinuous;
Isoelectric focusing; PFGE; 2D electrophoresis; Examples.
BIOPROCESS CALCULATIONS
Course Objective:
To provide the elements of material balance and energy balance used in chemical and
biochemical industries.
UNIT – I 12 Periods
Basic and derived units; use of mole in calculations; methods of expressing compositions of
mixtures and solutions. Gas systems: ideal and real gas laws; gas constant; calculations of
pressure, volume and temperature, Use of partial pressure & partial volume of a pure
component in gas calculations.
Application of material balance in unit operations like mixing, filtration, extraction, evaporation,
crystallization and drying. Humidification & dehumidification: calculations of absolute humidity;
molal humidity; saturation humidity; relative humidity, percentage humidity; humid heat; humid
volume and enthalpy. use of humidity in condensation & drying; Use of humidity chart.
Material balance with chemical reaction; limiting & excess reactants, Stoichiometry of cell
growth & product formation – elemental balances; degrees of reduction of substrate & biomass;
available-electron balances; yield coefficients of biomass & product formation; maintenance
coefficients, problems based on yield coefficients, respiration quotients, reduction ratio.
UNIT – IV 10 Periods
Energy balance - Balance on non-reactive process; effect of pressure and temperature on heat
of reaction. Heat of mixing, heat of solution. Balance on reactive processes; calculations of
heats of reaction; formation and combustion reactions, adiabatic reaction temperature,
Theoretical flame temperature.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Bhatt, B. I. and S. B. Thakore, Stoichiometry, 5/e, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2010.
2. Doran, P.M., Bio process Engineering Principles, 2/e, Academic press, New Delhi, 2013.
(Unit III)
3. Shuler, M., and F. Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering, 2/e, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ,
2002. (Units III & IV)
REFERENCES
1. Himmelblau, D.M., Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering, 6/e, Prentice-
Hall of India, New Delhi, 1996.
2. Narayanan, K.V., Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Prentice-Hall of India, India,
2006. (Unit – I; PVT Relationship)
ONLINE MATERIAL
Unit - I Perform calculations using P-V-T relationship for ideal and real gases.
Carbohydrates - Classification, structure and function of mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides.
Glycoconjugates - proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Lipids - Structure and functions of fatty acids, triacyl glycerides, phospholipids and glycolipids.
UNIT-II
Bioenergetics and Enzymes
Bioenergetics: concept of energy, thermodynamic principles, ATP as universal currency of free
energy in biological systems, structural basis of the high group transfer potential of ATP, ATP
hydrolysis & equilibria of coupled reactions;
UNIT-III
Carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation
Carbohydrate metabolism - Glycolysis (aerobic and anaerobic), feeder pathways of glycolysis,
gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle and
pentose phosphate pathway - pathway, control and energetics.
Electron transport chain and its complexes; Oxidative phosphorylation: chemiosmotic theory;
Protonmotive force, ATP synthesis - rotational catalysis; Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation;
control of ATP production.
UNIT-IV
Amino acid, Lipid and Nucleic acid Metabolism
Amino acids metabolism - transamination, oxidative deamination, urea cycle, breakdown of amino
acids leading to pyruvate, acetyl CoA, α-ketoglutarate and succinyl CoA.
Lipids metabolism - fatty acids, phospholipids and cholesterol - synthesis, degradation and its
regulation.
Nucleic acids metabolism - Purines and Pyrimidines- synthesis, degradation and its regulation.