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ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential

Calculus)

Module 02 : Derivatives of Algebraic and Transcendental Functions

Lesson 03 : Limits and Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions
Week :5

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the session, students are able to evaluate the limit and derivative of trigonometric functions.

PRE-LECTIO

A. Homework

1. Answer Problem Set 2.3

B. Review

1. Review the concept of limits.

2. Review trigonometric functions.

LECTIO

LIMITS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Refer to the unit circle to evaluate limits of trigonometric functions.

Figure 1. The Unit Circle

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ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential
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sin2 𝑥
EXAMPLE 1. Find lim𝜋
𝑥→ cos 𝑥
3
𝜋
sin2 𝑥 sin2 ( )
3
lim𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑥→ cos 𝑥 cos( )
3 3

𝜋 2
[sin( )] 𝜋 √3 𝜋 1
3
= 𝜋 Substitute sin (3 ) = and cos ( 3 ) = 2 .
cos( ) 2
3
2
√3
( )
2
= 1
2

3
= (4) (2)
sin2 𝑥 3
lim𝜋 =2
𝑥→ cos 𝑥
3

EXAMPLE 2. Find lim𝜋 (tan 𝜃 + sin 𝜃)

𝜃→
4

𝜋 𝜋
lim𝜋 (tan 𝜃 + sin 𝜃) = tan ( 4 ) + sin ( 4 ) 𝜋
Substitute tan ( ) = 1 and sin ( ) =
𝜋 √2
.
𝜃→ 4 4 2
4

√2
=1+ 2
2 + √2
lim𝜋 (tan 𝜃 + sin 𝜃) =
𝜃→ 2
4

tan(3𝜃)
EXAMPLE 3. Find lim𝜋
𝜃→ sec(2𝜃) − sin(4𝜃)
12
𝜋
tan(3𝜃) tan[3( )]
12
lim𝜋 = 𝜋 𝜋
𝜃→ sec(2𝜃) − sin(4𝜃) sec[2( )] − sin[4( )]
12 12 12

𝜋
tan( ) 𝜋 𝜋 2 𝜋 √3
4
= 𝜋 𝜋 Substitute tan ( 4 ) = 1 , sec ( 6 ) = , and sin ( 3 ) = .
sec( ) − sin( ) √3 2
6 3

1
= 2 √3 Combine the fractions in the denominator using LCD.
−
√3 2

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1
= 4−3 Simplify.
2√3

1
= (4 − 3) (2√3)
tan(3𝜃)
lim𝜋 = 2√3
𝜃→ sec(2𝜃) − sin(4𝜃)
12

tan(2𝑥)
EXAMPLE 4. Find lim𝜋
𝑥→ sec(2𝑥)
4
𝜋
tan(2𝑥) tan[2( )]
4
lim𝜋 = 𝜋
𝑥→ sec(2𝑥) sec[2( )]
4 4

𝜋
tan( ) 𝜋 1 𝜋 1
= 2
𝜋
Substitute tan ( 2 ) = 0 , which is undefined, and sec (2 ) = 0,
sec( )
2 which is also undefined.
∞
=∞ Direct substitution will result to an indeterminate form.

sin(2𝑥)
tan(2𝑥) cos(2𝑥)
lim𝜋 = lim 𝜋 1 Use identities.
𝑥→ sec(2𝑥) 𝑥→ cos(2𝑥)
4 4

sin(2𝑥)
= lim𝜋 [cos(2𝑥)] [cos(2𝑥)]
𝑥→
4

= lim𝜋 sin(2𝑥)
𝑥→
4

𝜋
= sin [2 (4 )]
𝜋 𝜋
= sin ( 2 ) Substitute sin ( 2 ) = 1.

tan(2𝑥)
lim𝜋 =1
𝑥→ sec(2𝑥)
4

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sin 𝑥 sin(2𝑥)
EXAMPLE 5. lim
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 sin(2𝑥) sin(0) sin(0)

lim = Substitute sin(0) = 0 and cos(0) = 1.
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 1 − cos(0)
0 Direct substitution will result to an indeterminate
=0
form.

sin 𝑥 sin(2𝑥) sin 𝑥 (2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥)

lim = lim
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥 𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥
Use identity.
2 sin2 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥

2(1 − cos2 𝑥) cos 𝑥

= lim Factor.
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥
2(1 − cos 𝑥)(1 + cos 𝑥) cos 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥

= lim 2(1 + cos 𝑥) cos 𝑥

𝑥→0

= 2[1 + cos(0)] cos(0)

= 2(1 + 1)(1)
sin 𝑥 sin(2𝑥)
lim =4
𝑥→0 1 − cos 𝑥

sin3 𝑥
EXAMPLE 6. lim
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥

sin3 𝑥 sin3 (0)

lim = sin(0) − tan(0) Substitute sin(0) = 0 and tan(0) = 0.
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥
0 Direct substitution will result to an indeterminate
=0
form.

sin3 𝑥 sin3 𝑥
lim = lim sin 𝑥 Use identity.
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 −
cos 𝑥

sin3 𝑥
= lim sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 LCD.
𝑥→0
cos 𝑥

cos 𝑥 sin3 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥

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cos 𝑥 sin3 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥(cos 𝑥 − 1)

cos 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 0
= lim Evaluating the limit as 𝑥 → 0 still results to 0 .
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 − 1
Use identity.
cos 𝑥 (1 − cos2 𝑥)
= lim Factor.
𝑥→0 cos 𝑥 − 1

cos 𝑥 (1 − cos 𝑥)(1 + cos 𝑥)

= lim
𝑥→0 − (1 − cos 𝑥)

= −lim cos 𝑥 (1 + cos 𝑥)

𝑥→0

= − cos(0) [1 + cos(0)]
= −1(1 + 1)
sin3 𝑥
lim = −2
𝑥→0 sin 𝑥 − tan 𝑥

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Special Trigonometric Limit Theorems

sin 𝑢
lim =1
𝑢→0 𝑢

1 − cos 𝑢
lim =0
𝑢→0 𝑢

0 sin 𝑢
The two limits are indeterminate forms, 0 , when direct substitution is applied. The first one, lim = 1, can be
𝑢→0 𝑢
proved using the Squeeze Theorem (L'Hôpital's rule can also be used, which will be discussed in a later section).
The second one can be proved by applying the first limit.

𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖
Proof of 𝐥𝐢𝐦 =𝟎
𝒖→𝟎 𝒖

1 − cos 𝑢 1 − cos 𝑢 1 + cos 𝑢

lim = lim ∙ 1 + cos 𝑢 Multiply the numerator and denominator by the
𝑢→0 𝑢 𝑢→0 𝑢
conjugate of 1 − cos 𝑢.
1 − cos2 𝑢
= lim
𝑢→0 𝑢(1 + cos 𝑢) Use identity.
sin2 𝑢 sin 𝑢
= lim Isolate .
𝑢→0 𝑢(1 + cos 𝑢) 𝑢
sin 𝑢 sin 𝑢 sin 𝑢
= (lim ) (lim ) Evaluate limit. Apply lim =1
𝑢→0 𝑢 𝑢→0 1 + cos 𝑢 𝑢→0 𝑢
0
= (1) (1 + 1)
1 − cos 𝑢
lim =0 Q.E.D.
𝑢→0 𝑢

To apply the theorems, check if the given function (or a portion of the function) follows the form of the special
limit theorems.

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sin(3𝑥)
EXAMPLE 7. Find lim
𝑥→0 𝑥
sin(3𝑥) sin(0)
lim =
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
0
=0 Indeterminate.

Multiply the numerator and denominator by 3 so that if we

sin(3𝑥) sin(3𝑥) 3 sin(3𝑥) sin 𝑢
lim = lim ∙3 let 𝑢 = 3𝑥, then 3𝑥 will satisfy the form 𝑢 , whose
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥
limit is 1 as 𝑢 approaches 0.
sin(3𝑥)
= 3 lim
𝑥→0 3𝑥 Apply the theorem.
= 3(1)

sin(3𝑥)
lim =3
𝑥→0 𝑥

sin(5𝑥)
EXAMPLE 8. Find lim
𝑥→0 sin(2𝑥)
sin(5𝑥) sin(0)
lim = sin(0)
𝑥→0 sin(2𝑥)
0
=0 Indeterminate.

5𝑥 5𝑥 2𝑥
sin(5𝑥) sin(5𝑥) 5𝑥 Multiply the numerator by 5𝑥 and the denominator by 2𝑥 to
lim = lim ∙ 2𝑥
𝑥→0 sin(2𝑥) 𝑥→0 sin(2𝑥) sin 𝑢
2𝑥 satisfy lim .
𝑢→0 𝑢
sin(5𝑥)
5𝑥[ ]
5𝑥
= lim sin(2𝑥)
𝑥→0 2𝑥[ ] Apply the theorem.
2𝑥

5 1
= 2 (1)

sin(5𝑥) 5
lim =2
𝑥→0 sin(2𝑥)

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tan(4𝑥)
EXAMPLE 9. Find lim
𝑥→0 3𝑥
tan(4𝑥) tan(0)
lim =
𝑥→0 3𝑥 3(0)
0
=0 Indeterminate.

sin(4𝑥)
tan(4𝑥) cos(4𝑥)
lim = lim Use identity.
𝑥→0 3𝑥 𝑥→0 3𝑥

sin(4𝑥) 4
= lim ∙ 4 sin(4𝑥)
𝑥→0 3𝑥 cos(4𝑥) 4 Multiply 4 and isolate 4𝑥
sin(4𝑥) 4
= [lim ] [lim ]
𝑥→0 4𝑥 𝑥→0 3 cos(4𝑥) Apply the theorem.
4
= (1) [3 cos(0)]

tan(4𝑥) 4
lim =3
𝑥→0 3𝑥

1 − cos 𝑥
EXAMPLE 10. Find lim
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2
1 − cos 𝑥 1 − cos(0)
lim =
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2 4(0)2
0
=0 Indeterminate.

1 − cos 𝑥 1 − cos 𝑥 1 1 − cos 𝑥 1 − cos 𝑢

lim = (lim ) (lim ) Isolating and using the theorem lim = 0,
4𝑥 2 𝑥 4𝑥 𝑥 𝑢→0 𝑢
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0
will result to another indeterminate form.
= 0(∞) Indeterminate.

1 − cos 𝑥 1 − cos 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥 1 + cos 𝑥

lim = lim ∙ 1 + cos 𝑥 Multiply 1 + cos 𝑥 .
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2 𝑥→0 4𝑥 2

1 − cos2 𝑥
= lim
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2 (1 + cos 𝑥) Use identity.

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sin2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 2

= lim Isolate which can be written as ( ) .
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2 (1 + cos 𝑥) 𝑥2 𝑥

sin 𝑥 2 1
= (lim ) [lim ] Apply the theorem.
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 4(1 + cos 𝑥)
1
= (1)2 [4(1 + cos 0)]
1
= 4(1 + 1)

1 − cos 𝑥 1
lim =
𝑥→0 4𝑥 2 8

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ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential
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DERIVATIVES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(cos 𝑢) = − sin 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(tan 𝑢) = sec 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(cot 𝑢) = − csc 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(csc 𝑢) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

where 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥).

𝒅 𝒅𝒖
Proof of 𝒅𝒙 (𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒖) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒖 𝒅𝒙 Prove using delta process.

Let 𝑦 = sin 𝑢

𝑑𝑦 sin(𝑢 + ∆𝑢) − sin 𝑢

= lim Use identity for sin(𝑢 + ∆𝑢).
𝑑𝑢 ∆𝑢→0 ∆𝑢
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑢 cos ∆𝑢 + cos 𝑢 sin ∆𝑢 − sin 𝑢
= lim Isolate the second term in the numerator
𝑑𝑢 ∆𝑢→0 ∆𝑢
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑢 cos ∆𝑢 − sin 𝑢 cos 𝑢 sin ∆𝑢
= lim ( + ) Distribute.
𝑑𝑢 ∆𝑢→0 ∆𝑢 ∆𝑢
cos ∆𝑢 − 1
Apply special trigo limit theorems. can be
∆𝑢
𝑑𝑦 cos ∆𝑢 − 1 sin ∆𝑢 1 − cos ∆𝑢
= sin 𝑢 lim ( ) + cos 𝑢 lim ( ) written as − so we can apply
𝑑𝑢 ∆𝑢→0 ∆𝑢 ∆𝑢→0 ∆𝑢 ∆𝑢
1−cos 𝑢 sin 𝑢
lim 𝑢
= 0, and lim 𝑢
=1
𝑢→0 𝑢→0

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𝑑𝑦
= (sin 𝑢)(0) + (cos 𝑢)(1)
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 Since 𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑥); hence, to obtain , we need to
= cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
multiply 𝑑𝑥 to both sides of the equation.
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∙ 𝑑𝑥 = cos 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 Where 𝑦 = sin 𝑢
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 Q.E.D.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝒅 𝒅𝒖
Proof of 𝒅𝒙 (𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟐 𝒖 𝒅𝒙

Let 𝑦 = tan 𝑢 Use identity.

sin 𝑢 Differentiate with respect to 𝑥.

𝑦 = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑢 (cos 𝑢) − sin 𝑢 (− sin 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 Quotient rule.
= (cos 𝑢)2
∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=
cos2 𝑢 + sin2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∙ 𝑑𝑥 cos 2 𝑢 + sin2 𝑢 = 1
𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑢
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢 1
= cos2 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 = sec 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 cos2 𝑢

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 Where 𝑦 = tan 𝑢
= sec 2 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢 Q.E.D.
(tan 𝑢) = sec 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

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𝒅 𝒅𝒖
Proof of 𝒅𝒙 (𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖) = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒖 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒖 𝒅𝒙

Let 𝑦 = sec 𝑢 Use identity.

1
𝑦 = cos 𝑢 Differentiate with respect to 𝑥.
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑢 (0) − 1 (− sin 𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
= (cos 𝑢)2
∙ 𝑑𝑥 Quotient rule.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 sin 𝑢 1 sin 𝑢
= cos2 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 Rewrite cos2 𝑢 as (cos 𝑢) (cos 𝑢) and apply identities.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= (cos 𝑢) (cos 𝑢) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= (sec 𝑢)(tan 𝑢) 𝑑𝑥 Where 𝑦 = sec 𝑢
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 Q.E.D.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Let’s take at look at some examples of finding the derivative of trigonometric functions.
𝑑𝑦
EXAMPLE 1. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = sin(5𝑥)

𝑦 = sin(5𝑥) Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥 so that sin(5𝑥) takes the form sin 𝑢 and then apply
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= cos(5𝑥) ∙ (5)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 5 cos(5𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
EXAMPLE 2. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = sin3 (5𝑥)

𝑦 = sin3 (5𝑥) sin3 (5𝑥) can be written as [sin(5𝑥)]3 which takes the form 𝑢𝑛 with
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = sin(5𝑥) and 𝑛 = 3 and then apply 𝑑𝑥 (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 3[sin(5𝑥)]2 [5 cos(5𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 15 sin2(5𝑥) cos(5𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

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𝑑𝑦 𝑥 sin(2𝑥)
EXAMPLE 3. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = 2 + 4
𝑥 sin(2𝑥)
𝑦=2+ 4
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 2 + 4 cos(2𝑥) (2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= 2 + 2 cos(2𝑥) Simplify. Express as a single fraction and use identity (if applicable).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 + cos(2𝑥) 1 + cos(2𝑥)
= Where = cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 2

𝑑𝑦
= cos2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 1
EXAMPLE 4. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = sin2 (4𝑥) + 2 cos(8𝑥)
1
𝑦 = sin2 (4𝑥) + 2 cos(8𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 1
= 2 sin(4𝑥) cos(4𝑥) (4) + 2 [− sin(8𝑥)](8) Simplify.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4[2 sin(4𝑥) cos(4𝑥)] − 4 sin(8𝑥) Where 2 sin(4𝑥) cos(4𝑥) = sin(8𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 4[sin(8𝑥)] − 4 sin(8𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=0
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
EXAMPLE 5. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = 3 tan(2𝑥) + tan3(2𝑥)

𝑦 = 3 tan(2𝑥) + tan3 (2𝑥)

𝑑𝑦
= 3 sec 2 (2𝑥) (2) + 3 tan2 (2𝑥) sec 2 (2𝑥) (2) Simplify.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 6 sec 2 (2𝑥) + 6 tan2(2𝑥) sec 2 (2𝑥) Factor out 6 sec 2 (2𝑥).
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 6 sec 2 (2𝑥) [1 + tan2(2𝑥)] Where 1 + tan2 (2𝑥) = sec 2 (2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 6 sec 2 (2𝑥) [sec 2 (2𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= 6 sec 4 (2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

Prepared by: Engr. Darryll Ytang 13

Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Department
School of Engineering and Architecture
Ateneo de Davao University
 COURSE PACK
ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential
Calculus)

𝑑𝑦 1
EXAMPLE 6. Find 𝑑𝑥 if 𝑦 = csc 𝑥 − 3 csc 3 𝑥
1
𝑦 = csc 𝑥 − 3 csc 3 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
= − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 − 3 (3 csc 2 𝑥)(− csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥) Simplify.
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= − csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 + csc 3 𝑥 cot 𝑥 Factor out csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (−1 + csc 2 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (csc 2 𝑥 − 1) Where csc 2 𝑥 − 1 = cot 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 (cot 2 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= csc 𝑥 cot 3 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Prepared by: Engr. Darryll Ytang 14

Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Department
School of Engineering and Architecture
Ateneo de Davao University
 COURSE PACK
ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential
Calculus)

EVALUATION

PROBLEM SET 2.3

Find the limit.

2 − 2 cos 𝑥 1
1. lim 3
𝑥→0 3𝑥 2

2 sin(3𝑥) − sec2 𝑥 2√3

2. lim𝜋
𝑥→ cot(2𝑥) 3
6

3 cos(2𝑥) 3
3. lim𝜋 5
𝑥→ 5 cot(2𝑥) − 2 cos2 (2𝑥)
4

𝒅𝒚
Find 𝒅𝒙 and simplify.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 + 2𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 sin 𝑥 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 cos (3) − 9 sin (3) −𝑥 sin ( )
3

3. 𝑦 = csc 4 𝑥 − 2 cot 2 𝑥 −4 csc 2 𝑥 cot 3 𝑥

4. 𝑦 = cos(2𝑥 + 3) cos(2𝑥 − 3) −2 sin(4𝑥)

5. 𝑦 = 3 tan2 (4𝑥) − 2 sec 2 (4𝑥) 8 sec 2 (4𝑥) tan(4𝑥)

1 − sin 𝑥 1
6. 𝑦 = −
4 cos 𝑥 4(sin 𝑥 + 1)

Prepared by: Engr. Darryll Ytang 15

Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Department
School of Engineering and Architecture
Ateneo de Davao University
 COURSE PACK
ESM 1030 – Engineering Calculus 1 (Differential
Calculus)

REFERENCES

Calculus, 9th Edition, Ron Larson, Bruce H. Edwards

Differential and Integral Calculus by Feliciano and Uy

-END-
Prepared by: Engr. Darryll Ytang 16
Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Department
School of Engineering and Architecture
Ateneo de Davao University