Instructor: Igor Yatskar

Student: Yolanda Collins

Course: Introduction to Statistics MAT- Assignment: Module 4 problem set
Date: 05/30/21
201-OL01

1. A statistics professor plans classes so carefully that the lengths of her classes are uniformly distributed between 48.0 and
58.0 minutes. Find the probability that a given class period runs between 50.75 and 51.5 minutes.

Find the probability of selecting a class that runs between 50.75 and 51.5 minutes.

0.075 (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

2. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts the standard normal distribution
with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.
Click to view page 1 of the table.1 Click to view page 2 of the table.2

z = 0.88

The area of the shaded region is 0.8106 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

1: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

2: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
3. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts the standard normal distribution
of bone density scores with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

z= -1.11

The area of the shaded region is 0.8665 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
4. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts the standard normal distribution
of bone density scores with mean 0 and standard deviation 1.

z = − 0.99 z = 1.29

The area of the shaded region is 0.7404 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
5. Assume that thermometer readings are normally distributed with a mean of 0°C and a standard deviation of 1.00°C. A
thermometer is randomly selected and tested. For the case below, draw a sketch, and find the probability of the reading.
(The given values are in Celsius degrees.)

Between 1.50 and 2.25

Click to view page 1 of the table.3 Click to view page 2 of the table.4

Draw a sketch. Choose the correct graph below.

A. B. C.

z=1.50 z=2.25 z=1.50 z=2.25 z=1.50 z=2.25

The probability of getting a reading between 1.50°C and 2.25°C is 0.0546 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

3: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

4: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
6. Assume the readings on thermometers are normally distributed with a mean of 0°C and a standard deviation of 1.00°C.
Find the probability that a randomly selected thermometer reads between − 1.46 and − 0.55 and draw a sketch of the
region.
Click to view page 1 of the table.5 Click to view page 2 of the table.6

Sketch the region. Choose the correct graph below.

A. B. C.

-1.46 -0.55 -1.46 -0.55 -1.46 -0.55

The probability is 0.219 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

5: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

6: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
7. Assume that a randomly selected subject is given a bone density test. Those test scores are normally distributed with a
mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Draw a graph and find the probability of a bone density test score between − 1.91
and 1.91.

Sketch the region. Choose the correct graph below.

A. B. C. D.

-1.91 1.91 -1.91 1.91 -1.91 1.91 -1.91 1.91

The probability is 0.9438 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

8. Assume that a randomly selected subject is given a bone density test. Those test scores are normally distributed with a
mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Find the probability that a given score is less than 3.72 and draw a sketch of the
region.

Sketch the region. Choose the correct graph below.

A. B. C.

3.72 -3.72 3.72

The probability is 0.9999 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
9. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults, and
those scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

Click to view page 1 of the table.7 Click to view page 2 of the table.8

70

The area of the shaded region is 0.0228 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

7: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

8: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
10. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults,
and those scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15.

90

The area of the shaded region is 0.7475 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)
11. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults,
and those scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15.

Click to view page 1 of the table.9 Click to view page 2 of the table.10

70 120

The area of the shaded region is 0.8860 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

9: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

10: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
12. Find the area of the shaded region. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults,
and those scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of
15.

106 132

The area of the shaded region is 0.3281 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)
13. Find the indicated IQ score. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults, and those
scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

Click to view page 1 of the table.11 Click to view page 2 of the table.12

0.75

The indicated IQ score, x, is 110.1 . (Round to one decimal place as needed.)

11: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

12: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
14. Find the indicated IQ score. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults, and those
scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

0.0808

The indicated IQ score is 121 . (Round to the nearest whole number as needed.)
15. Find the indicated IQ score. The graph to the right depicts IQ scores of adults, and those
scores are normally distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.

Click to view page 1 of the table.13 Click to view page 2 of the table.14

0.75

The indicated IQ score, x, is 89.9 . (Round to one decimal place as needed.)

13: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

14: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
16. Assume that adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of μ = 105 and a standard deviation σ = 20.
Find the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ less than 125.

Click to view page 1 of the table.15 Click to view page 2 of the table.16

The probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ less than 125 is 0.8413 .
(Type an integer or decimal rounded to four decimal places as needed.)

15: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

 16: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)

17. Assume that adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of 99.8 and a standard deviation of 19.2. Find
the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ greater than 133.2. (Hint: Draw a graph.)

The probability that a randomly selected adult from this group has an IQ greater than 133.2 is 0.0410 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
18. Assume that adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of μ = 100 and a standard deviation σ = 15.
Find the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ between 82 and 118.

Click to view page 1 of the table.17 Click to view page 2 of the table.18

The probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ between 82 and 118 is 0.7699 .
(Type an integer or decimal rounded to four decimal places as needed.)

17: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

18: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
19. A survey found that women's heights are normally distributed with mean 62.4 in. and standard deviation 2.2 in. The survey
also found that men's heights are normally distributed with mean 69.6 in. and standard deviation 3.2 in. Consider an
executive jet that seats six with a doorway height of 56.1 in. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.

a. What percentage of adult men can fit through the door without bending?

The percentage of men who can fit without bending is 0.00 %.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

b. Does the door design with a height of 56.1 in. appear to be adequate? Why didn't the engineers design a larger door?

A. The door design is adequate, because although many men will not be able to fit without
bending, most women will be able to fit without bending. Thus, a larger door is not needed.
B. The door design is adequate, because the majority of people will be able to fit without
bending. Thus, a larger door is not needed.
C. The door design is inadequate, because every person needs to be able to get into the
aircraft without bending. There is no reason why this should not be implemented.
D. The door design is inadequate, but because the jet is relatively small and seats only six
people, a much higher door would require major changes in the design and cost of the jet,
making a larger height not practical.

c. What doorway height would allow 40% of men to fit without bending?

The doorway height that would allow 40% of men to fit without bending is 68.8 in.
(Round to one decimal place as needed.)

20. Assume that military aircraft use ejection seats designed for men weighing between 139.2 lb and 203 lb. If women's
weights are normally distributed with a mean of 174.8 lb and a standard deviation of 45.3 lb, what percentage of women
have weights that are within those limits? Are many women excluded with those specifications?

The percentage of women that have weights between those limits is 51.72 %.
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

Are many women excluded with those specifications?

A. Yes, the percentage of women who are excluded, which is equal to the probability found
previously, shows that about half of women are excluded.
B. No, the percentage of women who are excluded, which is the complement of the probability
found previously, shows that very few women are excluded.
C. No, the percentage of women who are excluded, which is equal to the probability found
previously, shows that very few women are excluded.
D. Yes, the percentage of women who are excluded, which is the complement of the probability
found previously, shows that about half of women are excluded.
21. Assume that human body temperatures are normally distributed with a mean of 98.18°F and a standard deviation of
0.64°F.
a. A hospital uses 100.6°F as the lowest temperature considered to be a fever. What percentage of normal and healthy
persons would be considered to have a fever? Does this percentage suggest that a cutoff of 100.6°F is appropriate?
b. Physicians want to select a minimum temperature for requiring further medical tests. What should that temperature be, if
we want only 5.0% of healthy people to exceed it? (Such a result is a false positive, meaning that the test result is positive,
but the subject is not really sick.)
Click to view page 1 of the table.19 Click to view page 2 of the table.20

a. The percentage of normal and healthy persons considered to have a fever is 0.01 %.
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

Does this percentage suggest that a cutoff of 100.6°F is appropriate?

A. No, because there is a small probability that a normal and healthy person would be
considered to have a fever.
B. Yes, because there is a small probability that a normal and healthy person would be
considered to have a fever.
C. No, because there is a large probability that a normal and healthy person would be
considered to have a fever.
D. Yes, because there is a large probability that a normal and healthy person would be
considered to have a fever.

b. The minimum temperature for requiring further medical tests should be 99.23 °F if we want only 5.0% of
healthy people to exceed it.
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

19: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

20: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
22. The lengths of pregnancies are normally distributed with a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15 days. a. Find
the probability of a pregnancy lasting 308 days or longer. b. If the length of pregnancy is in the lowest 3%, then the baby is
premature. Find the length that separates premature babies from those who are not premature.

Click to view page 1 of the table.21 Click to view page 2 of the table.22

a. The probability that a pregnancy will last 308 days or longer is 0.0038 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. Babies who are born on or before 240 days are considered premature.
(Round to the nearest integer as needed.)

21: Standard Normal Table (Page 1)

22: Standard Normal Table (Page 2)
23. The assets (in billions of dollars) of the four wealthiest people in a particular country are 37, 25, 23, 14. Assume that
samples of size n = 2 are randomly selected with replacement from this population of four values.

a. After identifying the 16 different possible samples and finding the mean of each sample, construct a table representing
the sampling distribution of the sample mean. In the table, values of the sample mean that are the same have been
combined.

x Probability x Probability
1 2
37 24
16 16
2 1
31 23
16 16
2 2
30 19.5
16 16
2 2
25.5 18.5
16 16
1 1
25 14
16 16
(Type integers or fractions.)

b. Compare the mean of the population to the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

The mean of the population, 24.75 , is equal to the mean of the sample means, 24.75 .
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

c. Do the sample means target the value of the population mean? In general, do sample means make good estimates of
population means? Why or why not?

The sample means target the population mean. In general, sample means do make good estimates of
population means because the mean is an unbiased estimator.
24. Assume a population of 44, 48, 50, and 55. Assume that samples of size n = 2 are randomly selected with replacement
from the population. Listed below are the sixteen different samples. Complete parts (a) through (c).
44,44 44,48 44,50 44,55 48,44 48,48 48,50 48,55
50,44 50,48 50,50 50,55 55,44 55,48 55,50 55,55

a. Find the median of each of the sixteen samples, then summarize the sampling distribution of the medians in the format
of a table representing the probability distribution of the distinct median values. Use ascending order of the sample
medians.
Sample Median Probability Sample Median Probability
1 1
44 49.5
16 8
1 1
46 50
8 16
1 1
47 51.5
8 8
1 1
48 52.5
16 8
1 1
49 55
8 16
(Type integers or simplified fractions. Use ascending order of the sample medians.)

b. Compare the population median to the mean of the sample medians. Choose the correct answer below.

A. The population median is not equal to the mean of the sample medians (it is also not half or
double the mean of the sample medians).
B. The population median is equal to half of the mean of the sample medians.
C. The population median is equal to the mean of the sample medians.
D. The population median is equal to double the mean of the sample medians.

c. Do the sample medians target the value of the population median? In general, do sample medians make unbiased
estimators of population medians? Why or why not?

A. The sample medians target the population median, so sample medians are unbiased
estimators, because the mean of the sample medians equals the population median.
B. The sample medians do not target the population median, so sample medians are unbiased
estimators, because the mean of the sample medians does not equal the population median.
C. The sample medians target the population median, so sample medians are biased
estimators, because the mean of the sample medians equals the population median.
D. The sample medians do not target the population median, so sample medians are biased
estimators, because the mean of the sample medians does not equal the population median.
25. The ages (years) of three government officials when they died in office were 58, 44, and 59. Complete parts (a) through
(d).

a. Assuming that 2 of the ages are randomly selected with replacement, list the different possible samples.

A. (58,58), (58,44),(58,59),(44,58),(44,44),(44,59),(59,58),(59,44),(59,59)
B. (58,44),(58,59),(44,58),(44,59),(59,58),(59,44)
C. (58,58), (58,44),(58,59),(44,44),(44,59),(59,59)
D. (58,44),(58,59),(44,59)

b. Find the range of each of the samples, then summarize the sampling distribution of the ranges in the format of a table
representing the probability distribution.
Sample Range Probability
1
0
3
2
1
9
2
14
9
2
15
9
(Type an integer or a fraction.)

c. Compare the population range to the mean of the sample ranges. Choose the correct answer below.

A. The population range is equal to the mean of the sample ranges.

B. The population range is equal to the youngest official at the time of death and the mean of
the sample ranges is equal to the oldest official at the time of death.
C. The population range is equal to the age of the oldest official at the time of death and the
mean of the sample ranges is equal to the youngest official at the time of death.
D. The population range is not equal to the mean of the sample ranges (it is also not equal to
the age of the oldest official or age of the youngest official at the time of death).

d. Do the sample ranges target the value of the population range? In general, do sample ranges make good estimators of
population ranges? Why or why not?

A. The sample ranges do not target the population range, therefore, sample ranges do not
make good estimators of population ranges.
B. The sample ranges target the population range, therefore, sample ranges make good
estimators of population ranges.
C. The sample ranges do not target the population range, therefore, sample ranges make good
estimators of population ranges.
D. The sample ranges target the population range, therefore, sample ranges do not make good
estimators of population ranges.
26. When two births are randomly selected, the sample space for genders is bb, bg, gb, and gg. Assume that those four
outcomes are equally likely. Construct a table that describes the sampling distribution of the sample proportion of girls from
two births. Does the mean of the sample proportions equal the proportion of girls in two births? Does the result suggest
that a sample proportion is an unbiased estimator of a population proportion? For the entire population, assume the
1 1
probability of having a boy is , the probability of having a girl is , and this is not affected by how many boys or girls
2 2
have previously been born.

Determine the probabilities of each sample proportion.

Sample proportion of girls Probability

1
0
4
1
0.5
2
1
1
4
(Type integers or simplified fractions.)

Does the mean of the sample proportions equal the proportion of girls in two births?

1
A. Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are .
3
1
B. Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are .
4
1
C. Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are .
2
D. No, the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are not equal.

Does the result suggest that a sample proportion is an unbiased estimator of a population proportion?

A. No, because the sample proportions and the population proportion are not the same.
B. No, because the sample proportions and the population proportion are the same.
C. Yes, because the sample proportions and the population proportion are the same.
D. Yes, because the sample proportions and the population proportion are not the same.
27. Assume that females have pulse rates that are normally distributed with a mean of μ = 76.0 beats per minute and a
standard deviation of σ = 12.5 beats per minute. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.

a. If 1 adult female is randomly selected, find the probability that her pulse rate is between 72 beats per minute and 80
beats per minute.

The probability is 0.2510 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. If 25 adult females are randomly selected, find the probability that they have pulse rates with a mean between 72 beats
per minute and 80 beats per minute.

The probability is 0.8904 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

c. Why can the normal distribution be used in part (b), even though the sample size does not exceed 30?

A. Since the distribution is of individuals, not sample means, the distribution is a normal
distribution for any sample size.
B. Since the original population has a normal distribution, the distribution of sample means is a
normal distribution for any sample size.
C. Since the distribution is of sample means, not individuals, the distribution is a normal
distribution for any sample size.
D. Since the mean pulse rate exceeds 30, the distribution of sample means is a normal
distribution for any sample size.

28. An elevator has a placard stating that the maximum capacity is 1920 lb—12 passengers. So, 12 adult male passengers
can have a mean weight of up to 1920 / 12 = 160 pounds. If the elevator is loaded with 12 adult male passengers, find the
probability that it is overloaded because they have a mean weight greater than 160 lb. (Assume that weights of males are
normally distributed with a mean of 170 lb and a standard deviation of 31 lb.) Does this elevator appear to be safe?

The probability the elevator is overloaded is 0.8681 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

Does this elevator appear to be safe?

A. No, there is a good chance that 12 randomly selected adult male passengers will exceed the
elevator capacity.
B. Yes, there is a good chance that 12 randomly selected people will not exceed the elevator
capacity.
C. Yes, 12 randomly selected adult male passengers will always be under the weight limit.
D. No, 12 randomly selected people will never be under the weight limit.
29. A ski gondola carries skiers to the top of a mountain. Assume that weights of skiers are normally distributed with a mean of
189 lb and a standard deviation of 42 lb. The gondola has a stated capacity of 25 passengers, and the gondola is rated for
a load limit of 3500 lb. Complete parts (a) through (d) below.

a. Given that the gondola is rated for a load limit of 3500 lb, what is the maximum mean weight of the passengers if the
gondola is filled to the stated capacity of 25 passengers?

The maximum mean weight is 140 lb.

(Type an integer or a decimal. Do not round.)

b. If the gondola is filled with 25 randomly selected skiers, what is the probability that their mean weight exceeds the value
from part (a)?

The probability is 1 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

c. If the weight assumptions were revised so that the new capacity became 20 passengers and the gondola is filled with
20 randomly selected skiers, what is the probability that their mean weight exceeds 175 lb, which is the maximum mean
weight that does not cause the total load to exceed 3500 lb?

The probability is 0.9320 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

d. Is the new capacity of 20 passengers safe?

Since the probability of overloading is over 50%, the new capacity does not appear to be safe enough.

30. Suppose that an airline uses a seat width of 16.1 in. Assume men have hip breadths that are normally distributed with a
mean of 14.1 in. and a standard deviation of 0.9 in. Complete parts (a) through (c) below.

(a) Find the probability that if an individual man is randomly selected, his hip breadth will be greater than 16.1 in.

The probability is 0.0131 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

(b) If a plane is filled with 128 randomly selected men, find the probability that these men have a mean hip breadth greater
than 16.1 in.

The probability is 0 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

(c) Which result should be considered for any changes in seat design: the result from part (a) or part (b)?

The result from part (a) should be considered because the seats are occupied by individuals rather than means.

YOU ANSWERED: 0.9705

31. An engineer is going to redesign an ejection seat for an airplane. The seat was designed for pilots weighing between 140
lb and 201 lb. The new population of pilots has normally distributed weights with a mean of 146 lb and a standard deviation
of 31.4 lb.
Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal distribution.23
Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal distribution.24

a. If a pilot is randomly selected, find the probability that his weight is between 140 lb and 201 lb.

The probability is approximately 0.5358 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. If 31 different pilots are randomly selected, find the probability that their mean weight is between 140 lb and 201 lb.

The probability is approximately 0.8563 . (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

c. When redesigning the ejection seat, which probability is more relevant?

A. Part (a) because the seat performance for a single pilot is more important.
B. Part (b) because the seat performance for a single pilot is more important.
C. Part (a) because the seat performance for a sample of pilots is more important.
D. Part (b) because the seat performance for a sample of pilots is more important.

23: Standard Normal Distribution Table (Page 1)

24: Standard Normal Distribution Table (Page 2)
32. A boat capsized and sank in a lake. Based on an assumption of a mean weight of 133 lb, the boat was rated to carry 60
passengers (so the load limit was 7,980 lb). After the boat sank, the assumed mean weight for similar boats was changed
from 133 lb to 172 lb. Complete parts a and b below.

a. Assume that a similar boat is loaded with 60 passengers, and assume that the weights of people are normally
distributed with a mean of 177.4 lb and a standard deviation of 38.3 lb. Find the probability that the boat is overloaded
because the 60 passengers have a mean weight greater than 133 lb.

The probability is 1 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. The boat was later rated to carry only 14 passengers, and the load limit was changed to 2,408 lb. Find the probability
that the boat is overloaded because the mean weight of the passengers is greater than 172 (so that their total weight is
greater than the maximum capacity of 2,408 lb).

The probability is 0.7011 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

Do the new ratings appear to be safe when the boat is loaded with 14 passengers? Choose the correct answer below.

A. Because there is a high probability of overloading, the new ratings do not appear to be safe
when the boat is loaded with 14 passengers.
B. Because there is a high probability of overloading, the new ratings appear to be safe when
the boat is loaded with 14 passengers.
C. Because the probability of overloading is lower with the new ratings than with the old ratings,
the new ratings appear to be safe.
D. Because 177.4 is greater than 172, the new ratings do not appear to be safe when the boat
is loaded with 14 passengers.
33. An airliner carries 100 passengers and has doors with a height of 78 in. Heights of men are normally distributed with a
mean of 69.0 in and a standard deviation of 2.8 in. Complete parts (a) through (d).

a. If a male passenger is randomly selected, find the probability that he can fit through the doorway without bending.

The probability is 0.9993 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. If half of the 100 passengers are men, find the probability that the mean height of the 50 men is less than 78 in.

The probability is 1 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

c. When considering the comfort and safety of passengers, which result is more relevant: the probability from part (a) or
the probability from part (b)? Why?

A. The probability from part (a) is more relevant because it shows the proportion of male
passengers that will not need to bend.
B. The probability from part (b) is more relevant because it shows the proportion of male
passengers that will not need to bend.
C. The probability from part (b) is more relevant because it shows the proportion of flights where
the mean height of the male passengers will be less than the door height.
D. The probability from part (a) is more relevant because it shows the proportion of flights where
the mean height of the male passengers will be less than the door height.

d. When considering the comfort and safety of passengers, why are women ignored in this case?

A. Since men are generally taller than women, it is more difficult for them to bend when entering
the aircraft. Therefore, it is more important that men not have to bend than it is important that
women not have to bend.
B. Since men are generally taller than women, a design that accommodates a suitable
proportion of men will necessarily accommodate a greater proportion of women.
C. There is no adequate reason to ignore women. A separate statistical analysis should be
carried out for the case of women.

34. Before every flight, the pilot must verify that the total weight of the load is less than the maximum allowable load for the
aircraft. The aircraft can carry 37 passengers, and a flight has fuel and baggage that allows for a total passenger load of
5,994 lb. The pilot sees that the plane is full and all passengers are men. The aircraft will be overloaded if the mean weight
5,994 lb
of the passengers is greater than = 162 lb. What is the probability that the aircraft is overloaded? Should the pilot
37
take any action to correct for an overloaded aircraft? Assume that weights of men are normally distributed with a mean of
176.2 lb and a standard deviation of 36.6.

The probability is approximately 0.9909 .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

Should the pilot take any action to correct for an overloaded aircraft?

A. No. Because the probability is high, the aircraft is safe to fly with its current load.
B. Yes. Because the probability is high, the pilot should take action by somehow reducing the
weight of the aircraft.
35. Use a normal approximation to find the probability of the indicated number of voters. In this case, assume that 154 eligible
voters aged 18-24 are randomly selected. Suppose a previous study showed that among eligible voters aged 18-24, 22%
of them voted.

Probability that fewer than 39 voted

The probability that fewer than 39 of 154 eligible voters voted is 0.5963 .
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

36. Use a normal approximation to find the probability of the indicated number of voters. In this case, assume that 166 eligible
voters aged 18-24 are randomly selected. Suppose a previous study showed that among eligible voters aged 18-24, 22%
of them voted.

Probability that exactly 39 voted

The probability that exactly 39 of 166 eligible voters voted is .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
37. A gender-selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a girl. In the results of the
gender-selection technique, 882 births consisted of 453 baby girls and 429 baby boys. In analyzing these results, assume
that boys and girls are equally likely.

a. Find the probability of getting exactly 453 girls in 882 births.

b. Find the probability of getting 453 or more girls in 882 births. If boys and girls are equally likely, is 453 girls in 882 births
unusually high?
c. Which probability is relevant for trying to determine whether the technique is effective: the result from part (a) or the
result from part (b)?
d. Based on the results, does it appear that the gender-selection technique is effective?

a. The probability of getting exactly 453 girls in 882 births is .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. The probability of getting 453 or more girls in 882 births is .

(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

If boys and girls are equally likely, is 453 girls in 882 births unusually high?

A. No, because 453 girls in 882 births is far from what is expected, given the probability of
having a girl or a boy.
B. Yes, because 453 girls in 882 births is far from what is expected, given the probability of
having a girl or a boy.
C. Yes, because 453 girls in 882 births is not far from what is expected, given the probability of
having a girl or a boy.
D. No, because 453 girls in 882 births is not far from what is expected, given the probability of
having a girl or a boy.

c. Which probability is relevant for trying to determine whether the technique is effective, the result from part (a) or the
result from part (b)?

A. Neither of the results are relevant.

B. The results from part (a) and part (b) are equal, so they are equally relevant.
C. The result from part (a) is more relevant, because one wants the probability of a result that is
exactly equal to the one obtained.
D. The result from part (b) is more relevant, because one wants the probability of a result that is
at least as extreme as the one obtained.

d. Based on the results, does it appear that the gender-selection technique is effective?

A. Yes, because the probability of having 453 or more girls in 882 births is unlikely, and thus,
is not attributable to random chance.
B. Yes, because the probability of having 453 or more girls in 882 births is not unlikely, and
thus, is not attributable to random chance.
C. No, because the probability of having 453 or more girls in 882 births is unlikely, and thus,
is attributable to random chance.
D. No, because the probability of having 453 or more girls in 882 births is not unlikely, and thus,
is attributable to random chance.
38. Based on a smartphone survey, assume that 47% of adults with smartphones use them in theaters. In a separate survey of
297 adults with smartphones, it is found that 119 use them in theaters.
a. If the 47% rate is correct, find the probability of getting 119 or fewer smartphone owners who use them in theaters.
b. Is the result of 119 significantly low?

a. If the 47% rate is correct, the probability of getting 119 or fewer smartphone owners who use them in theaters is
.
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. Is the result of 119 significantly low?

(1) because the probability of this event is (2) than the probability cutoff that

corresponds to a significant event, which is (3)

(1) Yes, (2) less (3) 0.05.

No, greater 0.5.
0.95.

39. When a scientist conducted a genetics experiments with peas, one sample of offspring consisted of 951 peas, with 718 of
them having red flowers. If we assume, as the scientist did, that under these circumstances, there is a 3 / 4 probability that
a pea will have a red flower, we would expect that 713.25 (or about 713) of the peas would have red flowers, so the result
of 718 peas with red flowers is more than expected.
a. If the scientist's assumed probability is correct, find the probability of getting 718 or more peas with red flowers.
b. Is 718 peas with red flowers significantly high?
c. What do these results suggest about the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers?

a. If the scientist's assumed probability is correct, the probability of getting 718 or more peas with red flowers is
.
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. Is 718 peas with red flowers significantly high?

(1) because the probability of this event is (2) than the probability cutoff that

corresponds to a significant event, which is (3)

c. What do these results suggest about the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers?

A. The results do not indicate anything about the scientist's assumption.

B. Since the result of 718 peas with red flowers is significantly high, it is strong evidence against
the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers.
C. Since the result of 718 peas with red flowers is significantly high, it is not strong evidence
against the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers.
D. Since the result of 718 peas with red flowers is not significantly high, it is not strong evidence
against the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers.
E. Since the result of 718 peas with red flowers is not significantly high, it is not strong evidence
supporting the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers.
F. Since the result of 718 peas with red flowers is not significantly high, it is strong evidence
against the scientist's assumption that 3 / 4 of peas will have red flowers.

(1) Yes, (2) greater (3) 0.5.

No, less 0.95.
0.05.
40. Assume that 20.8% of people have sleepwalked. Assume that in a random sample of 1469 adults, 326 have sleepwalked.
a. Assuming that the rate of 20.8% is correct, find the probability that 326 or more of the 1469 adults have sleepwalked.
b. Is that result of 326 or more significantly high?
c. What does the result suggest about the rate of 20.8%?

a. Assuming that the rate of 20.8% is correct, the probability that 326 or more of the 1469 adults have sleepwalked is
.
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)

b. Is that result of 326 or more significantly high?

(1) because the probability of this event is (2) than the probability cutoff that

corresponds to a significant event, which is (3)

c. What does the result suggest about the rate of 20.8%?

A. The results do not indicate anything about the scientist's assumption.

B. Since the result of 326 adults that have sleepwalked is not significantly high, it is strong
evidence against the assumed rate of 20.8%.
C. Since the result of 326 adults that have sleepwalked is significantly high, it is strong evidence
against the assumed rate of 20.8%.
D. Since the result of 326 adults that have sleepwalked is not significantly high, it is not strong
evidence against the assumed rate of 20.8%.
E. Since the result of 326 adults that have sleepwalked is not significantly high, it is not strong
evidence supporting the assumed rate of 20.8%.
F. Since the result of 326 adults that have sleepwalked is significantly high, it is not strong
evidence against the assumed rate of 20.8%.

(1) No, (2) less (3) 0.05.

Yes, greater 0.95.
0.5.

41. In a survey of 1410 people, 1073 people said they voted in a recent presidential election. Voting records show that 74% of
eligible voters actually did vote. Given that 74% of eligible voters actually did vote, (a) find the probability that among 1410
randomly selected voters, at least 1073 actually did vote. (b) What do the results from part (a) suggest?

(a) P(X ≥ 1073) = (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

(b) What does the result from part (a) suggest?

A. People are being honest because the probability of P(x ≥ 1073) is at least 1%.
B. Some people are being less than honest because P(x ≥ 1073) is less than 5%.
C. Some people are being less than honest because P(x ≥ 1073) is at least 1%.
D. People are being honest because the probability of P(x ≥ 1073) is less than 5%.
42. In a study of 387,561 cell phone users, it was found that 160 developed cancer of the brain or nervous system. Assuming
that cell phones have no effect, there is a 0.000499 probability of a person developing cancer of the brain or nervous
system. We therefore expect about 194 cases of such cancer in a group of 387,561 people. Estimate the probability of
160 or fewer cases of such cancer in a group of 387,561 people. What do these results suggest about media reports that
cell phones cause cancer of the brain or nervous system?

(a) P(x ≤ 160) = (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

(b) What does the result from part (a) suggest about the media reports?

A. The media reports appear to be correct because one would expect that less than 194 cell
phone users would develop cancer and the study offers significant evidence to support this.
B. The media reports appear to be correct because one would expect that more than 160 cell
phone users would develop cancer and the study offers significant evidence to support this.
C. The media reports appear to be incorrect because one would expect that more than 194 cell
phone users would develop cancer. In fact, the study may offer significant evidence to
suggest that cell phone use decreases the probability of developing cancer.