E4622

REPUBLIC OF MOZAMBIQUE
MINISTERY OF LAND ENVIRONMENT AND RURAL DEVELOMPMENT
NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FUND

Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Development- Phase 2

Updated Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

MozBio 2 Project (P166802) and GEF 7 Additional Financing (AF)

(P172777)

July, 2020
 List of Abbreviations

AASE Avaliação Ambiental e Social Estratégica

AC Conservation Area / Área de Conservação
ACTF Transfrontier Conservation Area / Área de Conservação Transfronteiriça
ANAC National Conservation Areas Administration / Administração Nacional das Áreas de
Conservação
ARA-Z Zambeze Region Water Resources Administration / Administração Regional de Água de
Zambeze
BIOFUND Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation
BM Banco Mundial
BOMP Biodiversity Off-set Management Plan
CA Conservation Area
CBNRM Community Based Natural Resources Management
CL Chimanimani Landscape
CNR Chimanmani National Reserve
CONDES National Council for Sustainable Development / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Sustentável
DA District Administrator
DINAB National Directorate for the Environment / Direcção Nacional de Ambiente
DNDR National Directorate of Rural Development / Direcção Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Rural
DPTADER Provincial Directorate of Land, Environment and Rural Development / Direcção Provincial
de Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural
E&S Environmental and Social
EA Environmental Assessment
EAS Simplified Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Study / Estudo Ambiental
Simplificado
ECL Elephants Coast Landscape
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIAR Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPDA Pre-feasibility and Scoping Report / Estudo de Pré-viabilidade Ambiental e Definição do
Âmbito
ESHS Environmental, Social, Health and Safety
ESIA Simplified Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMGPG Environmental and Social Management Good Practice Guide
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FNDS National Sustainable Development Fund / Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Sustentável
GD District Government / Governo do Distrito
GoM Government of Mozambique
GoM Government of Mozambique
HWC Human-wildlife conflict
IDA International Development Association
ILM Integrated Landscape Management

i
INGC National Institute for Disaster Management / Instituto Nacional para a Gestão de
Calamidades
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MGS Matching Grant Scheme
MICAIA Environmental NGO
MITADER Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development / Ministério da Terra, Ambiente e
Desenvolvimento Rural
MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development / Ministério da Agricultura e
Desenvolvimento Rural

MTA Ministry of Land and Environment / Ministério da Terra e Ambiente

MozBio 1 Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Development - Phase 1

MozBio 2 Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Development - Phase 2
MozBio2U MozBio2 Unit
MSLF Multi-Stakeholder Landscape Forum
NGO Non-governmental organisation
NR National Reserve
ONG Organização não governamental
OP Operational Policy (of the World Bank)
OP/BP Operational Policy / Bank Policy (of the World Bank)
PCR Public Consultation Report
PDO Project Development Objective
PDUT District Land Use Plan / Plano Distrital de Uso de Terra
PEOT Strategic Spatial Plan / Plano Estratégico de Ordenamento Territorial
PF Process Framework
PGP Plano de Gestão de Pragas
PIM Project Implementation Manual
PMP Pest Management Plan
PO/PB Política Operacional / Política do Banco (Mundial)
PPF Peace Parks Foundation

PPP Public Participation Process / Processo de Participação Pública

PUT Land use plan / Plano de Uso da Terra
QGAS Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social
QP Quadro de Processo
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
REM Maputo Special Reserve / Reserva Especial de Maputo
RMPPO Reserva Marinha Parcial da Ponta do Ouro / Ponta do Ouro Marine Partial Reserve
RNC Chimanimani National Reserve / Reserva Nacional de Chimanimani
ROAM Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology
RP Resettlement Plan
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RPSED Report on the Physical & Socio-economic Diagnosis
SDAE District Service for Economic Activities / Serviço Distrital de Actividades Económicas
SDPI District Service for Planning and Infrastructure / Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e
Infraestruturas
SDSMAS District Service for Health, Women and Social Action / Serviço Distrital deSaúde, Mulher
e Acção Social
SDSMAS District Service of Women, Health and Social Action / Serviço Distrital de Saúde, Mulher
e Acção Social
SESA Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment
SESS Social and Environmental Safeguards Specialists
SSA Social Safeguards Assistant
 Transfrontier Conservation Area
TFCA
Terms of Reference
TOR
Total Protection Zone
TPZ
Task Team Leader (World Bank)
TTL
Unidade de Gestão de Fundos Internacionais / International Fund Management Unit
UGFI
Landscape Management Unit / Unidade de Gestão de Paisagem
UGP
Project Implementation Unit / Unidade de Implementação do Projecto
UIP
United Nations
UN
Worldwide Fund for Nature
WWF
Zona de Protecção Total
ZPT
 PROJECTO MOZBIO-2
MOÇAMBIQUE
Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social

Sumário Executivo

Introdução
O Governo de Moçambique (GoM), através do Ministério da Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural
(MITADER) esteve, desde 2014, a implementar o Programa Áreas de Conservação de Moçambique para a
Biodiversidade e Desenvolvimento Sustentável (MozBio). O Programa MozBio tem como objetivo geral
melhorar a gestão das Áreas de Conservação (AC) e desenvolver a contribuição destas áreas para a
diversificação de oportunidades económicas e melhoria das condições de vida nas áreas de conservação em
e ao seu redor.

Actualmente o GoM está a concorrer para um financiamento adicional do Fundo Mundial do Ambiente
- GEF7, o qual incidirá sobre o programa MozBIO, a ser implementado no período compreendido entre
2020-2024.

O Programa MozBio foi desenvolvido por um período de 10 anos para ser implementado em duas
fases. A primeira fase - MozBio (de 2014 a 2019) incluiu subprojectos de infraestrutura e
desenvolvimento comunitário, que accionaram seis das dez políticas de salvaguardas do Banco
Mundial. O Programa foi classificado pelo Banco Mundial como um projecto da Categoria B sob a PO
4.01 e foi requerida a preparação de um Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social (QGAS).
O presente documento constitui uma actualização do QGAS para a segunda fase do MozBio (MozBio
2) e Fundos Adicionais do GEF 7, que tem por base as lições aprendidas durante a sua implementação
na primeira fase do MozBio.
O QGAS visa assegurar o cumprimento dos requisitos ambientais e sociais nacionais, bem como o
cumprimento das salvaguardas sociais e ambientais do Banco Mundial e as suas Directrizes Gerais e
Específicas para o Ambiente, Saúde e Segurança. Inclui uma identificação preliminar de possíveis
impactos ambientais e sociais, define procedimentos para avaliação ambiental e social e gestão de
impactos potenciais, definindo arranjos institucionais necessários, capacitação e orçamento para
implementação.
O QGAS é um instrumento dinâmico que deve ser revisto periodicamente para ser actualizado e incluir
lições aprendidas. O QGAS para o MozBio 2 será consultado e divulgado publicamente em
Moçambique e no InfoShop do Banco Mundial antes da avaliação do projecto. Será então parte
integrante do Manual de Implementação do Projecto e aplicável a todos os investimentos sob o MozBio
2.

O MozBio 2 e GEF 7 AF já possuem um “Stakeholder Engagement Plan” que foi aprovado, assim
depois do QGAS ser aprovado pelo Banco Mundial, se tornará um documento oficial e público, será
traduzido em língua portuguesa e será distribuído para todas as partes interessadas.

Descrição do Projecto
O Projecto MozBio 2 e o GEF 7 dão seguimento à uma série de projectos de investimento de apoio a áreas de
conservação, implementados em Moçambique nas últimas duas décadas. O projecto pretende aproveitar os
resultados da primeira fase do MozBio, integrando as lições aprendidas neste e de outros projectos
implementados no país, nomeadamente aqueles que utilizam a abordagem de Gestão Integrada Da Paisagem.
As lições aprendidas no MozBio 1 indicam que haverá vantagens na adopção da abordagem de Gestão
Integrada da Paisagem, adoptada pelo FNDS em outros projectos.
Esta abordagem combina operações de desenvolvimento rural em apoio à agricultura, silvicultura, transportes
e outros sectores dentro das fronteiras administrativas de uma província, adaptadas no MozBio 2 aos limites
de paisagem das ACs alvo, incluindo suas zonas tampão e áreas circundantes. Esta abordagem é relevante para
as áreas de conservação (ACs), uma vez que a maioria das ameaças vêm de fora das suas fronteiras, incluindo
a pressão populacional. Além disso, constatou-se que seria mais eficiente concentrar esforços em menos
ACs, num sistema de co-gestão com outros parceiros já estabelecidos, a fim de alcançar um processo de
transformação.
O MozBio 2, a ser implementado entre 2018 e 2023, e o GEF 7 2entre 2020 e 2024 tem como Objetivo
de Desenvolvimento do Projecto (PDO) melhorar a gestão das paisagens das áreas de conservação alvo
e melhorar as condições de vida das comunidades em dentro e torno dessas áreas de conservação.

O MozBio 2 e o GEF 7 irá incidir sobre três ACs alvo e a sua paisagem circundante: (1) Paisagem da
Costa do Elefante (incluindo as ACs da Reserva Especial de Maputo e Reserva Parcial Marinha da Ponta
do Ouro), (2) Paisagem de Chimanimani (incluindo a Reserva Nacional de Chimanimani) e (3) Paisagem
do Complexo Marromeu (incluindo a Reserva Nacional Marromeu).

Figura 1 – Localização das paisagens alvo do MOZBIO-2

O MozBio 2 e o GEF 7 irão conter os seguintes componentes:

Componente 1: Fortalecimento da capacidade e sustentabilidade financeira das instituições nacionais de

conservação (Montante original: US $ 15,0 milhões equivalentes à IDA, financiamento adicional: US $
13.825.000 milhões equivalentes ao GEF).

IDA: Esta componente visa melhorar a capacidade das três principais instituições nacionais de
conservação (ANAC, BIOFUND e FNDS); criar uma corte de profissionais de conservação; e promover
o turismo baseado na natureza em nível nacional. Essas atividades contribuem para dois pilares do
Programa MozBio: (a) garantir um ambiente político e institucional favorável (governança) e (b) garantir
sustentabilidade financeira para o sistema da CA.
GEF: O Fundo Adicional do GEF permitira que o projeto se envolva nas seguintes atividades:
Fortalecimento da ANAC (US $ 1,1 milhão). O Fundo Adicional apoiará a ANAC em i) desenvolvimento
de diretrizes e padrões de procedimentos sobre questões-chave de gestão e operações, incluindo
governança da comunidade, partilha de benefícios e monitoria da biodiversidade focada em áreas secas;
ii) apoiar a ANAC, na coordenação com a Direção Nacional de Meio Ambiente (DINAB), para rever o
regulamento sobre acesso e partilha de Benefícios de Recursos Genéticos e Biológicos e o conhecimento
tradicional associado, para facilitar a comercialização sustentável de recursos biológicos, inclusive de
ecossistemas de terras áridas, e obter ganhos melhor acesso aos mercados e parceiros internacionais iii)
apoiar a instalação de um sistema eletrônico de permissões para a CITES (Convenção sobre Comércio de
Espécies Ameaçadas de Extinção) para melhorar a transparência e a eficiência na emissão de licenças e
permitir o intercâmbio de informações através das fronteiras, aumentando a transparência na vida
selvagem comércio, e iv) fortalecer a capacidade da base de dados existente da ANAC para capturar,
armazenar e utilizar dados de biodiversidade para tomada de decisão e gestão, inclusive sobre tópicos de
interesse comum com os países vizinhos para garantir melhor gestão dos ecossistemas transfronteiriços.
Como duas das áreas do projeto fazem parte das ACTF’s (ACTF’ss de Lubombo e Chimanimani), essa
atividade no âmbito do fundo adicional ajudará a ANAC a engajar e desenvolver atividades conjuntas
para essas áreas sobre tópicos que vão desde a aplicação da lei até a gestão da biodiversidade, turismo e
desenvolvimento comunitário. O fundo adicional também apoiará a participação da ANAC em eventos e
instituições de coordenação regional e internacional relacionados a gestão de áreas secas.

Fortalecimento do Biofund (US $ 12,4 milhões). O fundo Adicional capitalizará o Fundo de Doação para
Conservação gerido pelo BIOFUND (US $ 12 milhões) para três janelas específicas que promovem
financiamento para abordar fatores de degradação de terras secas em AC’s selecionadas e fortalecem o
sistema geral das AC’s em Moçambique. Esta doação específica se concentrará no financiamento da
proteção e restauração de florestas que já estão degradadas, ou em risco da degradação. Essa contribuição
ajudará ainda a fortalecer a capacidade do BIOFUND de se tornar uma referência internacional no
financiamento sustentável dos AC, e apoiará o desenvolvimento de um quadro político e mecanismos
financeiros para a produção sustentável, a gestão e restauração de terras secas, adaptadas às necessidades
e condições dos gestores de recursos e usuários.

Reforço ao FNDS (US$ 0.3 milhões GEF). O fundo adicional apoiará a coordenação do projeto, o
monitoramento dos resultados, a cooperação regional em áreas secas, incluindo o uso da Rede Miombo e
da Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC), além de outros órgãos considerados
relevantes pelo IP DSL Global. Apoiará também a participação de partes interessadas relevantes de
Moçambique em fóruns globais, o que permitirá priorizar, coordenar e colaborar nos esforços com outros
países de terras secas, a fim de maximizar a relevância, o impacto e a relação custo-benefício das
intervenções no ecossistema transfronteiriço. Para ajudar a monitorar a degradação e o desmatamento das
florestas dentro das áreas-alvo do projeto, o FNDS fortalecerá a capacidade existente da unidade MRV
(Relatórios de Monitoria e Verificação) fornecendo recursos para treinamento, equipamentos e
operacional Custos

Componente 2: Melhoria da gestão de áreas de conservação alvo (Montante original: US $ 17 milhões do

IDA, financiamento adicional US $ 2.575.000 milhões do GEF).
IDA: Esta componente tem como objetivo melhorar o gestão de conservação da biodiversidade das AC’s
alvo, particularmente a governança das AC’s (incluindo seu relacionamento com as partes interessadas
próximas), gestão de recursos humanos, estabelecimento e manutenção de infraestrutura, coexistência
entre humanos e animais selvagens, pesquisa, controle e patrulhamento, e promoção da conscientização
ambiental e fortalecimento de organizações comunitárias (OBCs) locais. Essas atividades contribuem
para dois dos pilares do Programa Mozbio: i) gestão da conservação da biodiversidade e ii)
desenvolvimento da comunidade.
GEF: O fundo Adicional permitira que o projeto se envolva nas seguintes actividades:
Reforço institucional (US $ 1,2 milhão). O fundo adicional financiará i) a instalação do sistema
EarthRanger, uma poderosa ferramenta de software fácil de usar, criada para coletar, integrar e exibir
dados históricos e em tempo real disponíveis de uma AC que capacitará as AC’s a tomar ações imediatas
e proativas para prevenir e mitigar os incidentes de ameaças à biodiversidade e à vida selvagem, além de
permitir que as ACs comuniquem dados aos países vizinhos e organizem ações conjuntas, como
fiscalização e patrulhamento conjuntos, partilha e racionalização de práticas de pesquisa e gestão em áreas
secas e outras biodiversidades endêmicas; ii) realizar campanhas de conscientização sobre a legislação e
os planos de maneio (para as partes interessadas, inclusive por meio dos Conselhos de Administração da
AC com múltiplas partes interessadas; iii) apoiar a colaboração transfronteiriça com os países vizinhos,
especificamente África do Sul, Zimbábue e eSwatini, através do postos transfronteiriços de Lubombo e
Chimanimani, incluindo pesquisas aéreas conjuntas, monitoramento de espécies com o objetivo de
entender melhor a dinâmica populacional e a distribuição de espécies-chave nas áreas trasbfronteiriças e
programas conjuntos de aplicação da lei que visam reduzir atividades ilegais nas paisagens-alvo,
participação em reuniões de coordenação partilha de práticas de pesquisa e maneio em relação a terras
secas e outras biodiversidades endêmicas.

Suporte às operações da AC (US $ 1,3 milhão). O fundo adicional se concentrará no fortalecimento da

governança comunitária para o maneio sustentável de terras secas e recursos naturais nas três AC’s,
seguindo o modelo nacional de governança da CBNRM, incluindo apoio a i) identificação e treinamento
de facilitadores comunitários; ii) criação ou fortalecimento de Comitês de Gestão Comunitária; iii)
identificação e avaliação participativa da degradação de áreas áridas e habitats críticos; iv) mapeamento
e produção de planos de uso da terra e recursos naturais para apoiar o manejo de terras secas e o
desenvolvimento comunitário, incluindo a redução da incerteza sobre a posse e usos da terra; v)
implementação do Sistema de Aprendizagem de Ação de Gênero (GALS) para abordar a desigualdade de
gênero sistêmica no nível familiar e comunitário; vi) expandir a Educação Ambiental nas escolas e vii)
implementar medidas identificadas no projeto original para reduzir os níveis de conflitos da vida selvagem
humana, apoiando equipamentos e materiais adicionais, treinamento e custos operacionais. Um indicador
sobre a implementação dos planos da comunidade local será incluído para medir o progresso relacionado
ao fortalecimento da governança da comunidade em torno de áreas secas e gestão de recursos naturais.
Esta componente será implementada através da conta designada da BIOFUND.

Componente 3: Promoção do desenvolvimento rural compatível com a conservação e gestão integrada da

paisagem em áreas-alvo (Projeto original: US $ 13 milhões equivalentes à IDA, financiamento adicional
US $ 6.719.266 do GEF)

IDA:Esta componente visa promover o desenvolvimento rural compatível com a conservação nas
paisagens-alvo, por meio do apoio a cadeias de valor sustentáveis e a gestão Integrada da Paisagem
(LMU), financiando o plano do uso da terra, o estabelecimento de Unidades de Gestão da Paisagem
(LMU’s) e o fortalecimento da capacidade dos distritos para reduzir a pressão sobre as ACs. Essas
atividades contribuem para todos os pilares do Programa MozBio e exigem a abordagem de várias
restrições, incluindo acesso limitado ao crédito, e insumos, acesso insuficiente ao mercado e
oportunidades de emprego.

GEF: O Fundo Adicional permitirá que o Projeto se envolvesse nas seguintes atividades:

O Fundo Adicional ampliará a componente: i) aumentando o número de planos de negócios apoiados pelo
Esquema de Subvenções (US $ 1,7 milhão), orientadas a empresários locais, micro, pequenas e médias
empresas (MPME) e comunidade local através de associações, para promover cadeias de valor
sustentáveis, inclusive para produtos florestais não madeireiros e para o maneio sustentável da agricultura
e pecuária, que visam reduzir a degradação das terras agrícolas e de pastagens e ajudar a intensificar e
estabilizar a produção, reduzindo processos de expansão e invasão de ecossistemas naturais e áreas frágeis
(como nos sistemas agroflorestais); ii) apoiar a alfabetização financeira das comunidades locais (US $ 0,2
milhão) através da expansão dos Grupos de Poupança e Crédito (PCRs), que compreendem
principalmente mulheres; iii) apoiar atividades de restauração, lideradas principalmente pelas
comunidades e identificadas através de avaliações como ROAM (Restoration Opportunities Metodology
de Avaliation), (US $ 3 milhões), incluindo reservas florestais, pradarias e pastagens, incluindo a
Regeneração Natural Assistida para acelerar o processo natural, removendo ou reduzindo barreiras à
regeneração natural da floresta, visando principalmente áreas para restaurar as funções protetoras do
ecossistema ( por exemplo, bacias hidrográficas) e Restauração Ativa para apoiar o plantio de espécies
específicas que podem ser espécies nativas ou comerciais, compatíveis com florestas e pastagens (por
exemplo, café, castanha de caju, etc); iv) apoio à elaboração e implementação do primeiro Plano de Gestão
e Negócios da APA na Costa dos Elefantes (US $ 1,6 milhão), o que ajudará a fortalecer o uso e posse da
terra; e v) apoio à integração nos planos integrados de desenvolvimento distrital (US $ 0,2 milhão) para
melhorar o gestão sustentável das paisagens produtivas, abordando aspectos de meios de subsistência
locais, degradação da terra, mudança climática e segurança ambiental. Quatro indicadores serão
adicionados a este componente para rastrear o progresso relacionado a i) área de terra restaurada, ii) área
sob gestão aprimorada, iii) redução de emissões por desmatamento e iv) número de beneficiários nas
atividades mencionadas, desagregadas por gênero.

Componente 4: Contingente de resposta a emergências (Projeto original: US $0 correspondente aos

fundos do IDA, financiamento adicional do GEF US $ 0 )

A componente é incluída para apoiar em caso de uma potencial necessidade relacionada a um desastre
natural ou epidemia global, fornecendo resposta imediata a uma crise ou emergência qualificada. A
componente canalizaria os fundos do IDA, de acordo com os principais acordos para a ativação e
implementação do CERC, e o resumo dos requisitos fiduciários e de aspectos ambientais e sociais que
serão incluídos no Manual de Implementação do Projeto (PIM).

CERC reflete a abordagem estratégica adotada em Moçambique no portfólio do Banco. Como tal, no caso
de uma emergência qualificada e a pedido do governo, o CERC financiaria actividades e despesas de
emergência através da realocação de fundos do Projeto.

O arranjo institucional para implementacao do projecto MozBio 2 encontra-se esquematizado na figura 2

a seguir:

Figura 2 – Arranjo institucional do MozBio 2

Quadro legal e institucional de Moçambique em aspectos sociais e ambientais

Em Moçambique a Lei do Ambiente define as bases legais para o uso e gestão do ambiente como meio
de garantir o desenvolvimento sustentável do País. De acordo com esta lei, a Avaliação do Impacto
Ambiental é um instrumento que apoia a tomada de decisão sobre a atribuição da licença ambiental. O
licenciamento ambiental deve preceder qualquer outra licença legalmente exigida em todas as
actividades públicas e privadas que podem ser directa ou indiretamente afetadas pelo ambiente. O
processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental é regulamentado pelo Decreto n° 54/2015, enquanto
auditoria ambiental e inspeção ambiental são reguladas, respectivamente, pelos Decretos nº. 32/2003
e 11/2006.
O Regulamento do Processo de AIA define todas as fases do processo de AIA – triagem (screening),
definição do âmbito, conteúdo dos estudos, processo de participação pública, revisão e aprovação pela
autoridade ambiental. A primeira fase do processo de avaliação ambiental e social é a triagem, que
define o tipo e nível de detalhe do estudo de avaliação ambiental e social. Assim como a Política
Operacional do Banco Mundial, o Regulamento Moçambicano de AIA considera três categorias a fim
de identificar o nível adequado de avaliação de impacto ambiental: Categoria A+ (requer um Estudo
de Impacto Ambiental completo – o EIA, com Plano de Gestão Ambiental (PGA) específico, revisor
independente e processo ampliado de consulta pública), Categoria A (é necessário um EIA com PGA
específico), Categoria B (é necessário um Estudo Ambiental Simplificado – EAS, com PGA
específico) e Categoria C (isenta de um EIA ou EAS, requerendo um guião de Boas Práticas de Gestão
Ambiental).
Outros diplomas relevantes abrangem a gestão de resíduos sólidos, padrões de emissão atmosférica,
qualidade do ar e ruído, recursos de água, qualidade da água, pesticidas, gestão costeira, propriedade
da terra, ordenamento do território, património cultural, áreas protegidas e de conservação e
reassentamento involuntário.
O quadro institucional para a implementação do QGAS será focado no Ministério da Terra e Ambiente
(MTA), que tem uma intervenção múltipla e transversal na Terra, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural.
Portanto, o FNDS é responsável por várias áreas directamente relacionadas com o Projecto MozBio 2,
tais como conservação, uso da terra e desenvolvimento rural. A nível provincial a DPTADER é
responsável pela triagem ambiental e social e pela subsequente categorização do subprojecto, sendo
responsável pela condução dos projectos de licenciamento ambiental das actividades classificadas
como sendo de categoria B ou C.

Políticas de Salvaguarda do Banco Mundial

Há dez Políticas de Salvaguarda do Banco Mundial, criadas para apoiar o processo de tomada de
decisão, assegurando que os projectos financiados pelo Banco são ambientalmente e socialmente
sustentáveis. Estas Políticas Operacionais (PO) incluem: Avaliação Ambiental (PO 4,01), Habitats
Naturais (PO 4.04), Floresta (OP 4.36), Gestão Integrada de Pragas (PO 4.09), Património Cultural
(PO 4.11), Povos Indígenas (PO 4.10), Reassentamento Involuntário (PO 4.12), Segurança de
Barragens (PO 4.37), Projectos em Águas Internacionais (PO 7.50) e Projectos em Áreas Controversas
(PO 7.60).
O Projecto MozBio 2 despoleta seis destas Políticas de Salvaguarda, nomeadamente PO 4.01
Avaliação Ambiental; PO 4.04 Habitats Naturais; PO 4.36 Floresta, PO 4.09 Gestão de Pragas, PO
4.11 Património Cultural; PO 4.12 Reassentamento Involuntário.
A PO 4.01 - Avaliação Ambiental categoriza os projectos em Categorias A, B, ou C dependendo da
importância do seu potencial impacto ambiental e/ou social adverso. De acordo com esta política o
Projecto MozBio é categorizado como B. Uma vez que os investimentos dos subprojectos e os seus
potenciais impactos negativos localizados não serão definidos antes da avaliação do projecto pelo BM,
o documento de salvaguarda apropriado da PO 4.01 é um Quadro de Gestão Ambiental e Social
(QGAS). Complementarmente é elaborado um Quadro da Política de Reassentamento e um Quadro
do Processo, conforme requerido pela PO 4.12 – Reassentamento Involuntário, assim como um Plano
de Gestão de Pragas para obedecer à PO 4.09 – Gestão de Pragas.
As políticas de salvaguardas do Banco Mundial e o quadro legal moçambicano de Avaliação
Ambiental e Social estão geralmente alinhados em princípio e objectivo. As principais discrepâncias
referem-se à inexistência na legislação nacional de alguns dos instrumentos considerados na PO 4.01,
como a Avaliação Ambiental e Social Estratégica (AASE) e o QGAS; e na PO 4.12 o Quadro do
Processo (QP). A legislação de Reassentamento Involuntário não inclui o princípio de evitar o
reassentamento, ao contrário do contido na PO 4.12. O tamanho das parcelas para residências e os
requisitos com equipamentos adicionais de infraestrutura e serviços sociais são muito restritivos e
independentes do número de pessoas afetadas. Não há regulamentação específica sobre gestão
integrada de pragas ou produção agrícola orgânica e, portanto, nenhum mecanismo nacional para
aprová-lo.

Lições aprendidas na implementação do QGAS no MozBio 1

Os desafios enfrentados durante a implementação do QGAS do MozBio foram progressivamente
reconhecidos e abordados. O atraso inicial no desembolso dos fundos da MozBio resultou numa
pressão para desenvolver subprojectos em prazos curtos, numa fase em que o Especialista em
Salvaguardas ainda não tinha desenvolvido conhecimento e familiaridade adequados com os
procedimentos do QGAS. A falta de conscientização dos requisitos do QGAS pela equipa de
aquisições (procurement), bem como pelas equipas de infraestrutura e desenvolvimento da
comunidade, apresentou outra restrição, resultando na emissão de documentos de concurso sem
cláusulas ambientais e sociais, limitando a implementação do QGAS durante as obras.
A integração do Especialista em Salvaguardas da MozBio dentro da Equipa de Salvaguardas da FNDS
permitiu a troca de experiências e melhoria na aplicação de procedimentos. Actualmente, a Equipa de
Salvaguardas do FNDS é composta por quatro especialistas em
salvaguardas, sendo cada um responsável pelo tipo específico de projectos (infraestrutura, terra e
floresta, desenvolvimento da comunidade e cadeia de valor). Esse arranjo parece ser mais eficaz,
permitindo uma estreita colaboração dentro da equipa.
Com apoio da equipa de Salvaguardas do BM, a equipa de salvaguardas da FNDS, procurou melhorar
os procedimentos do QGAS desenvolvendo novos modelos (como a ficha de rastreio e guião de boas
práticas de gestão ambiental e social). No entanto, verifica-se que ainda não há harmonização entre a
equipe da FNDS e a equipe do BM sobre o conteúdo e nível de detalhamento considerado nos
instrumentos de salvaguardas.
Com base nos desafios enfrentados e lições aprendidas, as seguintes ações são recomendadas:
• Desenvolver intervenções de capacitação mais práticas sobre o uso e a aplicação dos
procedimentos do QGAS;
• Iniciar a preparação da fase de triagem em um estágio anterior (antes da elaboração do
projecto), a fim de integrar os aspectos ambientais e sociais nesse estágio inicial, ao mesmo
tempo em que antecipa a categorização do subprojecto;
• Desenvolver formulários ambientais e de rastreio mais descritivos, permitindo a sua devida
verificação pelas equipas de salvaguardas e do BM;
• Desenvolver modelos práticos para o Plano de Gestão Ambiental e Social (PGAS) e as
Diretrizes de Gestão Social e Ambiental; e
• Melhorar a conscientização do QGAS para todos os membros da equipa do MozBio.
O presente QGAS foi desenvolvido com base nessas lições e reflete as melhorias destinadas a ajudar
as equipes a promover a conformidade com os princípios e processos contidos no QGAS.

Condições Ambientais e Sociais das Paisagens Alvo

A Paisagem da Costa dos Elefantes está integrada no Centro de Endemismo Maputaland e faz parte
da Área de Conservação Transfronteiriça de Lubombo. Inclui a Reserva Especial de Maputo (REM),
a Reserva Marinha Parcial da Ponta do Ouro (RMPPO) e a Reserva Florestal Licuáti. É dominada por
uma planície costeira, atravessada longitudinalmente pelos rios Maputo e Futi, com importantes
habitats associados a terras húmidas, para além do habitat marinho e costeiro. Os habitats marinhos e
costeiros compreendem praias e litoral rochoso, recifes de maré baixa, florestas de mangais e zonas
intermarés, leitos de ervas marinhas e estuários. A REM possui uma população reprodutora de
elefantes (a última grande população de elefantes na Província de Maputo). As espécies mais
abundantes na REM são hipopótamo, elefante, cabrito cinza, cabrito vermelho, gnu azul e zebra, com
a população de girafas aumentando de forma constante. A zona de Maputaland também é abençoada
com uma grande diversidade de espécies marinhas, algumas endêmicas e raras, mas algumas dessas
espécies estão sendo exploradas em excesso e, como resultado, tornam-se ameaçadas de extinção. Os
meios de subsistência das comunidades baseiam-se em recursos naturais (agricultura de subsistência,
pesca e caça). A agricultura de pequena escala e a pesca são também fontes de rendimento, bem como
atividades de turismo. A paisagem tem um elevado potencial turístico (natureza, vida selvagem, praia
e actividades recreativas associadas), que é fomentado pelo acesso à cidade de Maputo, África do Sul
e eSwatini, impulsionado pela nova estrada que deverá estar concluída no final de 2018. A estrada irá
tambem resultar em novas pressões sobre a CA. Instrumentos de planeamento agrário estão sendo
preparados para contribuir para a gestao dessas novas pressões.

Incidentes de conflitos homem-animal ocorrem dentro da CA, bem como em suas áreas adjacentes,
embora diminuindo na última devido à vedação instalada ao longo do Corredor Futi. Eventos fatais
ocorreram no ano passado dentro da AC, o que levou algumas famílias a pedirem assistência para o
reassentamento voluntário, o que foi discutido a nível de gestão da AC e do governo distrital.
 A Paisagem de Chimanimani é parte do Centro de Endemismo Chimanimani-Nyanga e é caracterizada
pela presença da cordilheira Chimanimani, que representa uma paisagem e um ambiente únicos. Sua
riqueza em biodiversidade provem da floresta perene e da pastagem afromontana, habitat de várias
espécies, incluindo espécies endêmicas de flora e fauna, bem como grandes mamíferos (como sable,
eland e elefantes). As montanhas foram habitadas por séculos, contendo importantes locais históricos,
como pinturas rupestres da Idade da Pedra e ruínas que datam da época do Grande Zimbábue, nos
séculos XIV e XV. A paisagem está integrada na Área de Conservação Transfronteiriça Chimanimani.
Em Moçambique, inclui a Reserva Nacional de Chimanimani (RNC) e as reservas florestais de
Moribane, Mpunga e Maronga.
Em 2010, foi elaborado o Plano de Gestão da RNC, que identificou oportunidades e ameaças e uma
estratégia de gestão. Seguindo este plano, os limites do RNC foram revistos em 2013. Existem
incertezas quanto ao número de habitantes que vivem dentro do Zona de Protecção Total (ZPT). O
recente censo populacional indica a presença de aproximadamente 500 famílias, o que está a ser
investigado pela RNC, por ser superior ao esperado. A principal ameaça à ZPT tem sido a atividade
de garimpeiros ilegais, embora a maior parte da mineração tenha sido abandonada dentro da ZPT,
ainda são relatados alguns casos. A recente (2014) reabilitação da estrada Chimoio-Sussundenga para
uma estrada alcatroada impulsionou fortemente o desenvolvimento económico do distrito de
Sussudenga, o que resultou no estabelecimento de novas grandes áreas agrícolas (principalmente
árvores frutíferas) e pecuárias, incluindo na zona tampão da RNC, o que poderá resultar em um
aumento de pressão na RNC. Apesar do alto potencial turístico, a nova estrada não induziu ainda um
desenvolvimento do turismo. O turismo foi afetado pela instabilidade política e de segurança (de 2012
a 2017) e é limitado pela falta de instalações turísticas. A RNC tem sido apoiada há muitos anos por
agências internacionais (como o BM) e ONGs (como a MICAIA).
A Paisagem do Complexo Marromeu está localizada na região central de Moçambique, no Delta do Rio
Zambeze, sendo classificada como um sítio RAMSAR. Compreende a maior parte da Zona Húmida de
Importância Internacional nos termos da Convenção de Ramsar na margem sul do Delta do Zambeza,
incluindo a Reserva Nacional de Marromeu (RNM), áreas de concessão de caça ao seu redor (Coutadas
10, 11 e 14) e as Reservas Florestais de Nhapacué e Inhamitanga, e as áreas adjacentes nos Distritos de
Marromeu, Cheringomma e Muanza. Inclui uma variedade de habitats que vão desde savanas costeiras
inundadasZambezianas, dunas costeiras, pastagens, pântanos de água doce, dambos associados à floresta
de miombo, mangais e tapetes de ervas marinhas. Estes habitats são de grande importância para várias
espécies de avifauna, mas também para populações de búfalos e antílopes, entre outros. Na década de
1960, a população de búfalos da região era considerada uma das maiores do mundo, embora, durante os
anos 80, tenha diminuído drasticamente devido ao conflito armado e às campanhas de abate. As
indicações são de que nos últimos anos a população de búfalos vem crescendo significativamente. As
coutadas (principalmente a Coutada 11) estão activas há mais de 20 anos, estabelecendo uma área de
proteção em torno da RNM. Durante esse período, os operadores notaram um aumento na população
dentro das Coutadas, o que poderá resultar da assistência fornecida pelos operadores às comunidades
locais (incluindo a distribuição da carne de troféu). Os meios de subsistência das comunidades são
baseados na agricultura de subsistência, complementada pelo uso extensivo de recursos locais para
suplementar dietas e renda e para atender às suas necessidades básicas. Ao longo da costa pratica-se pesca,
tanto por pescadores locais (essencialmente para subsistência) como por outros oriundos de outras
províncias ou mesmo da Tanzânia. A Companhia do Sena é o principal empregador que atrai 3-4000
imigrantes nos períodos de pico do ano. Esta área é extremamente propensa a cheias, que já levaram à
necessidade de reassentamento de populações pelo INGC.
Potenciais Impactos Ambientais e Sociais
O MozBio 2 foi classificado pelo BM como um projecto de Categoria B, uma vez que se prevê que os
possíveis impactos adversos (ambientais e/ou sociais) associados aos subprojectos planeados serão de
baixa magnitude, específicos ao local e facilmente geridos. Será efectuada uma triagem e pré-avaliação
de cada subprojecto com base na natureza e escala das actividades propostas e nos potenciais impactos,
bem como na sensibilidade do ambiente e da comunidade existentes na área de implantação.
Dentro das Áreas de Conservação alvo, os subprojectos potenciais da Componente 2 incluem a
construção ou reabilitação de novos edifícios (como escritórios, centros de acomodação e treinamento),
abertura de novos acessos, melhoramentos de acessos existentes, lançamento de um grande programa
de desenvolvimento turístico, translocação de animais e estabelecimento de parcerias comunidade-
privadas para turismo para a CNR. Com os fundos adicionais do GEF7 será feito um reforço das
actividades que as ACs já veem realizado no âmbito dos fundos do IDA, bem como apoiada a
realização de um estudo sobre os habitats críticos e identificadas acções de restauração de habitats.

Impactos ambientais adversos associados à construção de edifícios serão localizados e em geral com
impactos limitados. Os impactos podem incluir desmatamento, erosão do solo, geração de poeiras e
ruído e incómodo associado, bem como aspectos de saúde e segurança, tanto para trabalhadores com
para a comunidade envolvente. No caso de projectos de abertura ou melhoria de acessos os impactos
adversos ocorrerão ao longo de todo o corredor intervencionado, sujeito a impactos de maior
magnitude e significância, incluindo no que se refere à perda de vegetação, fragmentação de habitats
e riscos de segurança para as comunidades. Em qualquer dos casos as obras de construção civil
constituem uma oportunidade de emprego para pessoas locais, o que constitui um impacto positivo.
A abertura, reabilitação ou melhoria de estradas, além de beneficiar a gestão da AC, pode também
contribuir para o aumento do número de turistas, uma vez que as actuais más condições de
transitabilidade constituem um factor limitante para o desenvolvimento turístico. O estabelecimento
de um importante programa de desenvolvimento turístico na Paisagem da Costa dos Elefantes e
turismo na RNC poderão também contribuir para o aumento da afluência de turistas nestas AC. Os
potenciais impactos sociais nas comunidades locais, em resultado do aumento do número de turistas,
devem ser cuidadosamente investigados - é provável que traga benefícios devido à criação de novas
fontes de renda, mas também poderá ter implicações nas estruturas e dinâmicas sociais existentes -
poderá também afectar o acesso das comunidades locais aos recursos naturais. Avaliações do impacto
social sobre as comunidades em torno das ACs alvo serão conduzidas para avaliar os potenciais riscos
sociais e informar a implementação do projeto, incluindo a implementação de medidas de mitigação.
Não se prevê que haja necessidade de deslocação involuntária de populações, mas poderão ocorrer
danos em propriedades ou bens, que irão requerer a devida compensação de acordo com o Quadro de
Política de Reassentamento (QPR) do MozBio 2. Por outro lado, nomeadamente na sequência da
introdução de fauna bravia, poderá haver algumas situações de aumento do risco homem-animal, que
requeira a deslocação pontual (voluntária ou involuntária) de famílias para áreas de menor risco, que
requererá igualmente a aplicação do QPR.

Fora das Áreas de Conservação, no âmbito da Componente 3 do MozBio 2, o projecto prevê o

fortalecimento do zoneamento da paisagem, a promoção do acesso ao financiamento para o
desenvolvimento de cadeias de valor compatíveis com a conservação, a construção de infraestruturas
sociais fundamentais e a promoção da restauração da terra (agricultura de
conservação, reflorestamento e redução do desmatamento) nas paisagens alvo. As potenciais
actividades de cadeias de valor, específicas para cada CA são mencionadas abaixo:
Paisagem da Costa dos Elefantes. As actividades de potenciais cadeias de valor podem incluir o apoio
a a) associações pesqueiras na área da baía da reserva marinha, (b) joint ventures privadas ou
comunitárias / privadas, (c) manejo sustentável da fauna e pecuária, (d) conservação esquemas
pecuários compatíveis; (e) cultivo de caranguejo; (f) artesanato; g) apicultura. Com os fundos do GEF7
serão reforçadas as actividades acima mencionadas, e apoiada de forma particular a Reserva Florestal
de Licuáti através de: (i) acções de delimitação comunitária; (ii) criação/revitalização dos comités de
gestão comunitária dos recursos naturais; (iii) produção sustentável carvão.
Paisagem de Chimanimani. As actividades de potenciais de cadeias de valor podem incluir: (a) joint
ventures privadas ou comunitárias / privadas, (b) vida selvagem e pecuária, (c) silvicultura, incluindo
plantações de pequena escala; (d) agricultura compatível com a conservação - por exemplo,
macadâmia, café, apicultura, soja, milho, gergelim, que também oferecem oportunidades para
melhorar a capacidade de adaptação para gerir os riscos relacionados ao clima. Com os fundos do
GEF7 será feito o reforço das actividades acima mencionadas.
Paisagem do Complexo de Marromeu. As potenciais actividades da cadeia de valor podem incluir
apoio a (a) pesca no estuário e área costeira, (b) joint ventures privadas ou comunitárias / privadas na
caça esportiva, (c) produtos florestais não madeireiros, silvicultura ou agricultura compatível com a
conservação - por exemplo, castanha de caju, cana-de-açúcar, apicultura, produtos para a vida
selvagem; (d) criação de sapateira. Com os fundos do GEF7 será feito um reforço das actividades
acima apresentadas, bem como apoiada a melhoria da gestão das concessões florestais no complex
com vista a melhorar a arrecadação dos 20% e consequentemente a partilha pelas comunidades.
Os benefícios sociais resultantes da implementação destes subprojectos incluem a criação de
oportunidades de trabalho (inclusive para mulheres), melhoria nas oportunidades de geração de renda
através do estabelecimento de novas cadeias de valor e melhoria na organização da comunidade e
desenvolvimento de habilidades, para além de contribuição para a preservação da biodiversidade e
qualidade ambiental.
Os projectos agrícolas, pecuários e florestais podem ter impacto na ocupação da terra, causar a
transformação e fragmentação de habitats, afectar a disponibilidade de água para os utilizadores a
jusante e resultar na poluição do solo e da água como resultado do uso indevido de pesticidas,
fertilizantes e antibióticos, dependente do tipo de actividade. Actividades que envolvam o
processamento de produtos de cadeias de valor agrícola, florestal, pecuária ou de pesca podem
adicionalmente vir a gerar efluentes, resíduos e odores que afectem a qualidade do ambiente e a saúde
das populações requerendo a adopção de medidas especificas de gestão ambiental.
A preparação de planos de zoneamento previstos para a Paisagem da Costa dos Elefantes (PCE) e
Paisagem de Chimanimani (PC) pode ter implicações ambientais e sociais associadas às limitações de
acesso à terra e ao uso dos recursos naturais. Na PCE, o zoneamento será baseado no PEOT e sua
Avaliação Ambiental e Social Estratégica (SESA) associada. Os novos planos de zoneamento também
devem ter SESAs associados para garantir a integração adequada de questões ambientais e sociais.

Diretrizes para a implementação do QGAS

Este QGAS define arranjos institucionais e procedimentos a implementar, de forma a garantir que as
preocupações ambientais e sociais sejam adequadamente consideradas ao longo do ciclo de cada
subprojecto financiado pelo MozBio 2.
O FNDS, através da sua Equipe de Salvaguardas será responsável por garantir a adesão ao QGAS, QP,
QPR e PGP em todos os subprojectos financiados pelo MozBio 2. Assim, a do FNDS será responsável
pela implementação de todos os procedimentos contidos no presente QGAS, com o apoio dos
Assistentes de Salvaguardas das Unidades de Gestão da paisagem (UGP) e das estruturas de cogestão
das Áreas de Conservação.

A nível provincial, as DPTADER estarão envolvidas no processo de avaliação ambiental de cada

subprojecto, de acordo com o Regulamento Nacional de EIA.
A nível distrital, o SDPI será envolvido na supervisão de obras civis, verificando também o
cumprimento dos requisitos do PGA ou Guião de Boas Práticas, em especial nas questões laborais, de
saúde e segurança. O SDAE será envolvido na preparação e implementação de subprojectos de
desenvolvimento rural.
Todos os subprojectos do MozBio 2 terão de ser inicialmente submetidos a um processo de revisão e
triagem para determinar o nível de avaliação ambiental e social necessária. Para garantir a
implementação das medidas de mitigação ambiental e social identificadas, é crucial haver uma
colaboração estreita entre a equipe de salvaguarda e as equipes de concepção do projecto, a nível
nacional e da Paisagem (infraestrutura, cadeia de valor e desenvolvimento comunitário), bem como a
equipe de aquisições (procurement) do MozBio. Essa integração deve começar durante a fase de
 planeamento dos subprojectos - durante a definição das cadeias de valor e a preparação dos planos de
negócios associados - onde os especialistas de salvaguardas devem garantir que as preocupações
ambientais e sociais sejam contabilizadas e, quando necessário, que diretrizes adicionais e mais
detalhadas sejam listadas para complementar aqueles já incluídos no QGAS.
Para apoiar a triagem de subprojectos foi desenvolvida e está incluída neste QGAS, uma Lista de
Verificação Ambiental e Social detalhada, destinada a identificar o tipo e a extensão da avaliação
ambiental e social necessária.
A fase de triagem e categorização do projecto determina o tipo de instrumento de gestão ambiental e
social a ser desenvolvido para cada subprojecto, ou seja, Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental
Simplificada, Plano de Gestão Ambiental e Social, um Guia de Boas Práticas de Gestão Ambiental e
Social, Plano Simplificado de Reassentamento, Plano de Compensações, Acordo com a Comunidade
e/ ou Plano de Acção Participativo.

O QGAS define ainda diretrizes para fiscalização, monitoria e preparação periódica de relatórios, como
forma de auxiliar no rastreamento da implementação do QGAS.
Os Instrumentos de Gestão Ambiental e Social descritos acima (como o ESIA Simplificado, ESMP e
ESMGPG) fornecerão a base para a preparação dos Requisitos Ambientais, Sociais, de Saúde e
Segurança (ESHS) a serem incluídos nos Documentos de Licitação de Obras e anexado aos
Documentos de Licitação. Durante o processo de licitação, será solicitado ao Empreiteiro a preparação
de um Plano de Implementação e Estratégias de Gestão de ESHS (MSIP) - para apoiar a
implementação do ESMP ou o Guia de Boas Práticas de Gestao Ambiental e Social - e submeter um
Código de Conduta ESHS, que por sua vez deve ser aprovado pelo FNDS e incluído no contrato. O
Código de Conduta da ESHS do Empreiteiro deve ser aplicado a todos os trabalhadores de
subcontratados e contratados.
Por fim, está prevista a adopção de um ciclo de auditoria independente para avaliar o desempenho do
projecto MozBio 2 na implementação das directrizes do QGAS de forma a identificar áreas para
melhoria. Foi realizada 1 auditoria ambiental e social no final da fase de implementação do MozBIO
1, em Outubro de 2019 e os resultados da auditoria ilustraram que a implementação do projecto
mostrou melhorias no nível de desempenho de salvaguardas ao londo dos anos, tendo passado de
classificação de moderadamente não satisfatório no ano 1 durante a primeira missão de
acompanhamento do Banco Mundial, para satisfatório mantendo esta classificação nos últimos 2 anos
de implementação. As melhorias deveram-se a: (i) transferência da PIU para o FNDS que permitu
ajudou a padronizar processos em todo o seu portfólio de projetos de gestão integrada de recursos
naturais; (ii) o desenvolvendo de um Sistema de Informações de Salvaguardas, (iii) a melhoria da
coordenação entre as equipes de infraestruturas, procurement e comunidades; (iii) para todos os
subprojectos de categoria C, passou-se a desenvolver um Manual de Boas Praticas ambientais e sociais
para orientar a implementação e (iv) foi operacionalizado o Mecanismo de Dialogo e Recalamcoes que
por um lado garantiu que as preocupações dos afectados fossem atendidas de forma sistemática e
atempadamente;

Para o Aditional Fund (AF), as actividades vao ser operacionalizadas usando os mesmos
procedimentos como forma de assegurar uma execução e desempenho satisfactorios.

Mecanismo de Diálogo e Reclamações

O MozBio 2 contará com o Mecanismo comum de Reclamações e Reparações que foi estabelecido para
todos os projectos incluídos na Carteira Integrada de Gestão da Paisagem do Banco Mundial em
Moçambique - denominado “Mecanismo de Diálogo e Reclamações (MDR)” (Figura 3). Um manual de
procedimentos e uma estratégia de comunicação foram preparados, e uma plataforma informática foi
projetada para registrar e monitorar os casos relatados. Este mecanismo foi discutido com as principais
partes interessadas, incluindo as comunidades locais, e foi testado na Reserva Especial de Maputo para
validar os seus procedimentos. O MDR está em processo de implementação e será operacionalizado em
todas as áreas do Projecto como parte do MozBio 1 ou no início do MozBio 2 e GEF 7 AF.
Figura 3 – Mecanismo de Diálogo e Reclamações
Capacitação
A implementação bem-sucedida do Projecto MozBio 2 + GEF 7 Aditional Fund dependerá, entre
outros, da implementação efectiva das medidas de gestão ambiental e social delineadas no QGAS, QP,
QPR e PGP. É recomendada a capacitação para as principais partes interessadas, a fim de garantir que
tenham o conhecimento e as habilidades apropriadas para implementar os procedimentos e diretrizes
do QGAS.
O QGAS do MozBio 2 inclui um processo prático de capacitação que inclui actividades de treinamento
técnico, conscientização e sensibilização, este processo de capacitação vai também abranger as
actividades do AF. Estas visam superar as dificuldades experimentadas durante a implementação do
QGAS da MozBio 1, principalmente relacionadas com a falta de familiaridade com os procedimentos
e orientações do QGAS e com a aplicação prática dos instrumentos de salvaguarda.
O BM tem apoiado o fortalecimento da capacidade da equipe de salvaguardas da FNDS, incluindo o
especialista em salvaguardas do MozBio. As acções de treinamento têm envolvido também outras
instituições como a DINAB, AQUA, DPTADERs e instituições locais para ajudar a melhorar tanto a
conscientização das políticas de salvaguardas quanto a conscientização sobre outros assuntos
transversais relacionados a género, a inclusão de grupos vulneráveis e a compreensão de como
implementar a medidas de mitigação e de inclusão. Novas sessões de formação estão planeadas para o
futuro próximo, além do uso de uma abordagem de coaching e treinamento on-the-job para tratar de
questões e lacunas específicas.
O MozBio 2 deverá incluir um processo prático de capacitação que inclua formação técnica e
actividades de sensibilização, a fim de superar as dificuldades que ocorreram na fase anterior.
Considerando que o trabalho está planeado para ser realizado internamente, poderá ser contratado um
consultor para auxiliar no desenvolvimento e implementação de medidas específicas de capacitação
durante a vida do projeto.

De acordo com as licoes aprendidas, o Mozbio-2 iniciou em 2020 com as formações e capacitações
em matérias salvaguardas ambientais e sociais, tendo sido efetuadas até agora 2 (duas) capacitações e
um workshop que envolveu todos salvaguardas do portifolio dos projectos de gestão integrada de
recursos naturais sob gestão do FNDS e financiados pelo Banco Mundial para técnicos do nível central
das divisões (Matching Grant, Procuremnt, Infraestruturas) e para técnicos das PIU’s (coordenadores,
salvaguardas, extensionistas) e técnicos da AC’s (oficiais de desenvolvimento comunitários e de
educação ambiental). Estas formações vão ser estendidas para a implementação das actividades do
GEF-7 AF.

Orçamento
O orçamento para a implementação do QGAS inclui os custos dos Serviços de Consultoria para
preparar (i) Estudos Ambientais Simplificados para os subprojetos do Componente 2; (ii) Avaliações
Sociais para as três paisagens; (iii) Avaliações Ambientais Estratégicas dos planos de zoneamento do
Complexo de Marromeu e Chimanimani; (iv) Auditoria externa da implementação do QGAS, (v)
Formação e (vi) Monitoria. O orçamento global para a implementação do QGAS é estimado em US $
US$ 1,429,500.00. Os fundos para a implementação do QGAS serão disponibilizados pela Associação
Internacional de Desenvolvimento (IDA).

Os arranjos orcamentais dos Fundos Adicionais do GEF 7, asseguram que os custos da implementação
das atividades de salvaguardas estão incluídos nos custos operacionais de cada paisagem e totalizam
aproximadamente US$90.000. Ressaltar que actividades de reforço a capacitação e outros processos
continuam a ser financiadas pelos fundos do IDA sendo os fundos do GEF 7 apenas para reforçar as
intervenções de monitoria.
 MOZBIO PROJECT
MOZAMBIQUE
Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF)

Executive Summary

Introduction

Since 2014, the Government of Mozambique, through the Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural
Development (MITADER) has been implementing the Mozambique Conservation Areas for
Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (MozBio) Program. The MozBio Program aims to improve
the management of the Conservation Areas (CAs) whilst enhancing the ability of these areas to
contribute to the diversification of economic opportunities and the improvement of living conditions
in and around conservation areas.

The GoM is currently apply for additional funding from the Global Environment Fund - GEF7, which
will focus on the MozBIO program, to be implemented in the period between 2020-2024.

The MozBio Program was designed for a 10-years period to be implemented in two phases. The first
phase – MozBio (from 2014 to 2019) included infrastructure and community development subprojects,
that triggered six of the ten World Bank Safeguards Policy. The Program was classified by the World
Bank as a Category B project under OP 4.01 and an Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF) was required.
The present document is the Draft of the ESMF update for the MozBio 2 Project and updated to GEF
7 Additional Financing (AF) (P172777), which builds on the lessons learned during its implementation
in the first phase.
The ESMF seeks to ensure the compliance with national environmental and social requirements as
well as compliance with the World Bank’s Social and Environmental Safeguards and the General and
Specific Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines. Includes a preliminary identification of
potential environmental and social impacts, defines procedures for environmental and social
assessment and management of potential impacts, defining required institutional arrangements,
capacity building and budget for implementation.
The ESMF is a dynamic instrument that shall be reviewed periodically in order to be updated and
include lessons learned. The ESMF for MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF will be publicly consulted and
disclosed in Mozambique and at the World Bank’s InfoShop prior to project appraisal. It will be then
an integral part of the Project’s Implementation Manual and applicable to all investments under
MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF.

Project Description

MozBio 2 and GEF 7 Additional Found (GEF 7 - AF) is a follow-up to a series of investment projects
in support of conservation areas implemented in Mozambique over the past two decades. The project
intends to build on MozBio 1 results, integrate lessons learned from previous projects and other
projects implemented in the country in relevant areas such as those using a landscape approach.
Lessons learnt in MozBio 1 include the need for an Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) approach
that has been adopted by FNDS in other projects. This approach combines rural development
operations in support of agriculture, forestry, transport and other sectors within the administrative
boundaries of a province, adapted to the relevant landscape boundaries of target CAs, their buffers and
influence areas. This approach is relevant to conservation areas (CAs), since most threats come from
outside their borders, including population pressure. In addition, it was learnt that it would me more
efficient to concentrate efforts in fewer conservation areas, in co-management arrangements with other
partners already in place, in order to achieve a transformational process.
The MozBio 2, to be implemented from 2018 to 2023, and GEF 7- AF from 2020 to 2024 has as Project
Development Objective (PDO) to improve management of target conservation area landscapes and to
enhance the living conditions of communities in and around these conservation areas.
The Project, will target three CAs and their surrounding landscapes: (1) Elephant Coast Landscape
(including the CAs of Maputo Special Reserve, Ponta do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve), (2)
Chimanimani Landscape (including Chimanimani National Reserve) and (3) Marromeu Complex
Landscape (including Marromeu National Reserve).

Figure 1 – Location of MozBio 2 Landscapes

MozBio 2 and GEF7 AF will comprise the following components:

Component 1: Strengthening Capacity and Financial Sustainability of National Conservation

Institutions (Original amount: US$15.0 million equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing:
US$13,825,000 million equivalent from GEF).

IDA Grant: This component aims to improve the capacity of the three main national conservation
institutions (ANAC, BIOFUND, and FNDS); create a cohort of conservation professionals; and foster
nature-based tourism at the national level. These activities contribute to two pillars of the MozBio
Program: (a) ensuring an enabling policy and institutional environment (governance) and (b) ensuring
financial sustainability for the CA system.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Strengthening of ANAC (US$1,1 million). The AF will support ANAC in i) developing guidelines and
standards of procedures on key management and operations issues including community governance,
benefit sharing and biodiversity monitoring focused on drylands; ii) support ANAC, in coordination with
the National Directorate of Environment (DINAB) to review the regulation on Access and Benefit Sharing
from Genetic and Biological Resources and associated traditional knowledge, to facilitate sustainable
commercialization of biological resources, including from dryland ecosystems, and gain better access to
international markets and partners1 iii) support the design and installation of an electronic permit system
for CITES (Convention on Trade of Endangered Species) to improve transparency and efficiency in
permits issuance and allow the exchange of information across borders, increasing transparency in
wildlife trade, and iv) strengthen the capacity of ANAC’s existing database to capture, store and utilize
biodiversity data for decision-making and management, including on topics of common interest with
neighboring countries to ensure improved management of transboundary ecosystems. Since two of the
Project areas are part of TFCAs (Lubombo and Chimanimani TFCAs), this activity under the AF will
help support ANAC in further engaging and developing joint activities for these areas on topics that
expand from law enforcement, to biodiversity management, and tourism and community development.
The AF will also support ANAC’s participation in regional and international coordination events and
institutions related to dryland management.

Strengthening of Biofund (US$12,4 million). The AF will capitalize BIOFUND’s Endowment Fund
(US$ 12 million) for three specific windows that promote financing for addressing drivers of dryland
degradation in selected CAs and strengthens of the overall CA system in Mozambique2. The three specific
windows will; i) finance investments for the protection and restoration of dryland forests in selected CAs
that are either already degraded, or at high risk of becoming so; ii) create a basket fund that aims to
increase retainment and attraction of new skills needed for the efficiency of ANAC and the CA system;
and iii) implement a new private sector collaboration program in support of sustainable and equitable
dryland management and that provide continued funding to Mozbio 2 targeted interventions for a period
of 10 years. The principle objective of the third window is to attract private sector investments that
contribute to LDN and SFM targets, i.e. that alter current land use practices from low-value and
ecologically unsustainable activities to higher-value ones that are based directly on sustainable use of
natural resources, such as game farming, sustainable wildlife use, non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
extraction. The revenue stream from the third window (estimated at about US$100,000 year) will also be
used to support execution of activities in the target landscapes that have longer implementation periods
than what the MozBio project can accommodate. This is an innovative way of using the specific feature
of the Endowment Fund to align the needs of dryland management on the ground with funding time
frames. Hence, the specific GEF funds´ revenues will be used for this purpose immediately following the

1 Mozambique had developed and approved in 2007 a Regulation on Access and Benefit Sharing resulting from Genetic
Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (Decree 19/2007 of 9 August). With the global adoption of Nagoya Protocol
in 2010, and its ratification by Mozambique in 2014, there is the need to adapt the instrument to respond fully to the Nagoya
Protocol, and improve its desired impact. The revision of the regulation intends to include the development of a mechanism for
access and benefit sharing, taking into account the targets 14 and 15 on the payment for environmental services, and should
help to promote and empower local communities and the private sector to participate in compensation mechanisms from
biodiversity.

2 The Endowment Fund is operational and performing well and has currently achieved capitalization of US$35 million.
MozBio Project closure, for a period no less than 10 years, contributing to financial sustainability of GEF
investments. The results framework will include a new indicator measuring the amount of revenues
generated by the endowment fund and re-invested in sustainable dryland management in CAs. The Project
will also support institutional capacity of BIOFUND (US$0.4 million) to improve diversification of their
revenue streams and for BIOFUND’s participation in regional and international coordination events and
institutions related to dryland management. An indicator will be added to track BIOFUND’s ability to
leverage additional financing other than GEF to the endowment fund.

Strengthening of FNDS (US$0.3 million). The AF will support project coordination, monitoring of
results, regional cooperation on drylands, including using the Miombo Network and Southern Africa
Development Community (SADC), and other bodies as deemed relevant by the Global DSL IP. It will
also support participation of relevant stakeholders from Mozambique in global forums, which will allow
to prioritize, coordinate and collaborate on efforts with other dryland countries in order to maximize
relevance, impact and cost-effectiveness of interventions in transboundary ecosystems. It will also support
participation in coordinating grant events and regional meetings with GEF and FAO, as well as
production, dissemination and knowledge sharing derived from the project. Project management activities
of FNDS also includes leading the fiduciary, procurement and safeguards implementation. The AF will
also strengthen the existing capacity of FNDS’ Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) Unit, by
providing resources for training, equipment and operational costs, to ensure robust monitoring of
degradation and deforestation of dryland forests within the project target areas.

Component 2: Improving Conservation Areas Management in Target Landscapes (Original

amount: US$17 million equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing US$2,575,000 million equivalent
from GEF).

IDA Project: This component aims to improve biodiversity conservation management of target CAs,
particularly the governance of CAs (including its relationship with surrounding stakeholders), human
resources management, infrastructure establishment and maintenance, human-wildlife coexistence,
research, resources control and patrolling, and promoting of environmental awareness and strengthening
of community-based organizations (CBOs) among local communities. These activities contribute to two
of the pillars of the Mozbio Program i) biodiversity conservation management and ii) community
development.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Enhancing CA’s human resources and fixed assets (US$1.2 million). The AF will finance i) the
installation of the EarthRanger system, a powerful easy-to-use software tool built to collect, integrate and
display historical and real-time data available from a CA which will empower CAs to take immediate,
proactive actions to prevent and mitigate threat incidents to biodiversity and wildlife while also allowing
CAs to communicate data to neighbor countries CAs and organize joint actions such as joint enforcement
and patrolling, sharing and streamlining of research and management practices in regard to dryland and
other endemic biodiversity; ii) conduct awareness campaigns of legislation and rules of the CA
Management Plans (to stakeholders in the landscape, including through the multi-stakeholder CA
Management Councils; iii) support to transboundary collaboration with neighboring countries,
specifically South Africa, Zimbabwe and eSwatini through the Lubombo and Chimanimani TFCAs,
including joint aerial surveys, species monitoring with a view to better understand population dynamics
and distribution of key species in the TFCAs and joint law enforcement programs that aim to reduce
illegal activities within the target landscapes, participation in TFCA coordination meetings and sharing
and streamlining of research and management practices in regard to dryland and other endemic
biodiversity.

Supporting CA’s operations (US$1.3 million). The AF will focus on strengthening community
governance for sustainable dryland and natural resource management in the three CAs, following the
national CBNRM governance model, including support to i) identification and training of community
facilitators; ii) establishment or strengthening of Community Governance Committees; iii) participatory
identification and assessment on the degradation of dryland and critical habitats; iv) mapping and
production of land and natural resource use plans to support dryland management and community
development, including reducing uncertainty over land tenure and uses; v) implementation of the Gender
Action Learning System (GALS) to address systemic gender inequality at household and community
level; vi) expand Environmental Education in schools and vii) implement measures identified under the
original project to reduce the levels of human wildlife conflicts, by supporting additional equipment and
materials, training and operational costs. An indicator on the implementation of local community plans
will be included to measure progress related to strengthening community governance around dryland and
natural resource management. This component will be implemented via BIOFUND’s Designated
Account.

Component 3: Promoting Conservation-compatible Rural Development and Integrated Landscape

Management in Target Landscapes (Original Project: US$13 million equivalent from IDA, Additional
Financing US$ 6,719,266 from GEF)

IDA Grant: This component aims to promote conservation-compatible rural development in target
landscapes through support to sustainable value chains and Integrated Landscape Management (ILM), by
financing land use planning, establishment of Landscape Management Units (LMUs), and capacity
strengthening of targeted districts to reduce pressure on CAs. These activities contribute to all pillars of
the MozBio Program and require addressing several constraints, including limited access to credit, TA
and inputs, and insufficient market access and employment opportunities.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Matching Grants and ILM: The AF will scale up the component by: i) increasing the number of business
plans supported by the Matching Grant Scheme (US$1.7 million) targeting local entrepreneurs, micro,
small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and local community associations, to promote sustainable
dryland value chains, including for non-timber forest products and for sustainable agriculture and
livestock management that aim to reduce the degradation of farm and pasture lands, and help to intensify
and stabilize production thereby reducing processes of expansion and encroachment into natural
ecosystems and fragile areas (such as from agroforestry systems); ii) support financial literacy of local
communities (US$0,2 million) through expanding Saving and Credit Groups (PCRs), which primarily
comprise women, iii) support restoration activities, mainly led by communities and identified through
assessments such as ROAM (Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology), (US$3 million),
including to forest reserves, grassland and rangeland, including Assisted Natural Regeneration to
accelerate natural successional process by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest regeneration,
mainly targeting areas for restoring the protective functions of the ecosystem (e.g. watersheds) and Active
Restoration to support the planting of specific species that can either be native species or commercial
species compatible with forest and grasslands (e.g. coffee, cashew nuts, etc); iv) support to the elaboration
and implementation of the first Management and Business Plan for the Elephant Coast EPA (US$1.6
million), which will help clarify land uses and tenures; and v) support to mainstream land restoration in
the integrated district development plans (US$0,2 million) to improve sustainable management of
production landscapes, addressing the complex nexus of local livelihoods, land degradation, climate
change, and environmental security. Four indicators will be added to this component to track progress
related to i) area of land restored, ii) area under improved management, iii) reduced emissions from
deforestation and iv) number of beneficiaries in aforementioned activities, disaggregated by gender.

Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response Component (Original Project: US$0 million

equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing US$ 0 from GEF)

The component is included to support the recipient in case of a potential disaster-recovery need by
providing immediate response to an eligible crisis or emergency. The component would channel IDA
funds and an annex reflecting key agreements for CERC activation and implementation and summary of
fiduciary and E&S requirements will be included in the revised Project Implementation Manual (PIM).

CERC reflect the strategic approach taken in Mozambique across the Bank’s portfolio. The CERC will
provide immediate response to an eligible emergency. As such, in the event of such eligible emergency,
and at the request of the government, the Component would finance emergency activities and
expenditures through the reallocation of funds from the Project.
The CERC is designed to provide swift response in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency through
a portion of the undisbursed project funds to address immediate post-crisis and emergency financing
needs. The CERC may be used following natural disasters, global epidemics or other crises and
emergencies, allowing funds to be reallocated from other components of the project.
As with the first phase of MozBio, MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF, the National Sustainable Development Fund
(Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – FNDS) will be responsible for overall strategic
guidance and will coordinate Project implementation, coordinating interaction with all stakeholders. As
in the implementation of others WB Projects by FNDS, at CA. Landscape level the project activities will
be coordinated by Landscape Management Units (LMUs) to be established.

Figure 2 – MozBio 2’s Institutional Arrangements

Mozambican Legal and Institutional Framework on Social and Environmental Aspects

In Mozambique the Environmental Law defines the legal basis for the use and management of the
environment as a means of safeguarding the sustainable development of the country. According to this
Law, Environmental Impact Assessment is an instrument that supports the decision-making on the
allocation of environmental license. The environmental licensing should precede any other license
legally required in all public and private activities that can be directly or indirectly affected by the
environment. The Environmental Impact Assessment Process is regulated by Decree No. 54/2015
while Environmental Auditing and Environmental Inspection are regulated respectively by Decrees
no. 32/2003 and 11/2006.

The EIA Regulation defines all the stages of the EIA Process – screening, scoping, content of the EA
studies, public participation process, revision and approval by the environmental authority. The first
stage of the environmental assessment process is screening, to define the extent and type of required
environmental assessment. Similar to the WB’s Operational Policy, the Mozambican Regulation on
EIA considers four categories of project to identify the appropriate level of environmental assessment:
Category A+ (full EIA required, with an EMP, independent review and extended consultation
process), Category A (full EIA required with an EMP), Category B (Simplified Environmental Study
– SES required with an EMP) and Category C (exempt from an EIA and SES, requiring an
Environmental Management Good Practices guide).
Other relevant legal aspects comprise legislation on solid waste management, air emissions, air quality
and noise, water resources, water quality, pesticides, coastal management, ownership of land, land use
planning, cultural heritage, protected and conservation areas and involuntary resettlement.

The institutional framework for ESMF implementation will be focused in the Ministry of Land and
Environment (MTA) and Ministery of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER) which has
multiple and transversal interventions in matters relating to Land, Environment and Rural
Development. Therefore, MTA and MADER are responsible for several areas directly related with
MozBio 2 projects, such as conservation, land use and rural development. At provincial level the
Provincial Directorate of Land, Environment and Rural Development (DPTADER). is responsible for
the environmental and social screening and the subsequent subproject’s categorization, being
responsible to conduct the environmental licensing projects of activities classified under Category B
or C.

World Bank’s Safeguard Policies

There are ten safeguard policies in the World Bank, created to inform decision making, ensuring that
projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable. These Operational Policies
include: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01), Natural Habitats (OP 4.04), Forestry (OP 4.36), Pest
Management (OP 4.09), Physical Cultural Resources (OP 11.03), Indigenous People (OP 4.10),
Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12), Safety of Dams (OP 4.37), Projects on International Waterways
(OP 7.50) and Projects in Disputed areas (OP 7.60).
MozBio 2 triggers six of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, namely OP 4.01 Environmental
Assessment; OP 4.04 Natural Habitats; OP 4.36 Forestry, OP 4.09 Pest Management, OP 4.11 Cultural
Heritage; OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment categorizes the
projects in Categories A, B, or C depending on the significance of its potential adverse environmental
and social impacts. MozBio 2 is categorized as a Category B project. Since the sub-projects
investments and their potential negative localized impacts will not be firmed up before appraisal, the
appropriate safeguard document to comply with OP 4.01 at appraisal is an Environmental and Social
Management Framework (ESMF). In addition, a Pest Management Plan is required to comply with,
OP 4.09 - Pest Management as well as a Process Framework to comply with OP 4.12 - Involuntary
Resettlement.

The GEF 7 AF will consider the same policies triggered to MozBio 2.

The World Bank safeguards policies and Mozambican legal framework on Environmental and Social
Assessment are generally aligned in principle and objective. The main discrepancies refer to the
nonexistence in the national legislation of some of the instruments considered in OP 4.01, such as the
Strategic Environmental and Social Study (SESA) and the ESMF; in OP 4.12 Process Framework
(PF). The Involuntary Resettlement legislation does not include the avoidance principle, contrary to
OP 4.12. The plots and housing requirements are very restrictive, with additional requirements for
infrastructure and social services, independent of the number of affected persons.
There is no specific regulation on integrated pest management or organic agricultural production and
therefore no national mechanism to approve it.

Lessons learned from the ESMF implementation, in MozBio 1 and first year of mozBio phase 2

The challenges faced during the implementation of MozBio’s ESMF were progressively recognized
and addressed. The initial delay in the disbursement of MozBio funds resulted in pressure to develop
subprojects over short timelines at a stage when the Safeguard Specialist had not yet developed
adequate knowledge and familiarity with ESMF procedures. The lack of awareness of the ESMF
requirements by procurement personnel, as well as by the infrastructure and community development
teams, presented another constraint resulting in tender documents being issued without any
environmental and social clauses, limiting the ESMF’s implementation during construction works.

The integration of the MozBio Safeguard Specialist within the FNDS Safeguard Team allowed for the
exchange of experiences and improvement in the application of procedures. Currently the FNDS
Safeguard Team comprise four safeguard specialists, being each one responsible for specific type of
projects (infrastructure, land and forest, community development and value chain). This arrangement
seems to be more efficient, allowing closer collaboration within the team.

The FNDS’s Safeguard team, with support from the WB Safeguard team (both through technical
workshops and a coaching approach), has sought to improve the ESMF procedures by reorganizing
the team (enhancing support between all the FNDS safeguard specialists) as well as by developing new
templates. However, there is still no harmonization between the FNDS team and the BM team on the
content and level of detail considered in the safeguards instruments.
Based on the faced challenges and lessons learnt, the following actions are recommended:
• Develop more practical capacity building interventions on the use and application of ESMF
procedures;
• Start the preparation of the screening phase at an earlier stage (before project design) in order
to integrate environmental and social aspects at this early stage whilst also anticipating the
subproject’s categorization
• Awareness of safeguards aspects as an eligibility criterion for approving activities in line with
Matching Grant Unit. This activity must be carried out before the expression of interest phase;
• Develop more descriptive environmental and screening forms allowing their proper
verification by the Safeguard and WB teams;
• Improve ESMF awareness for all MozBio team members.

The present ESMF was developed whilst accounting for these lessons and reflects improvements
aimed at assisting teams in promoting compliance with the principles and processes contained in the
ESMF.

Environmental and Social Baseline

The Elephant Coast Landscape is integrated in the Maputaland Centre of Endemism and is part of the
Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area. It includes the Maputo Special Reserve (REM) 1, the Partial
Marine Reserve of Ponta do Ouro (RMPPO) and the Licuáti Forest Reserve. It is dominated by a
coastal plain area, longitudinally crossed by the Maputo and Futi rivers with important habitats
associated with wetlands, in addition to marine and coastal habitat. The marine and coastal habitats
comprise beaches and rocky shoreline, sub-tidal reefs, mangrove forests and intertidal sand flats, sea
grass beds and estuaries. REM is home to a breeding population of elephants (the last large population
of elephants in Maputo Province and to the south). The most abundant species in the REM are hippo,
reedbuck, elephant, grey duiker, red duiker, blue wildebeest and zebra, with the giraffe population
increasing steadily. Maputaland is also blessed with a wide diversity of marine species, some endemic
and rare, yet some of these species are being over-exploited, and have as a result become endangered.
Communities’ livelihoods are based on natural resources (subsistence agriculture, fishing and hunting).
Small-scale agriculture and fisheries are also sources of income as well as tourism activities. The
landscape has high tourism potential (nature, wildlife, beach and associated recreational activities),
which is fostered by access to Maputo city, South Africa and eSwatini, boosted by the new road that
is expected to be concluded by the end of 2018. This road will result in new pressures on the CA. Land
planning instruments are being prepared to contribute towards the management of these new pressures.
Human-wildlife conflict events occurs inside the CA, as well in its surrounding areas, although
decreasing in the latter due to the fence installed along the Futi Corridor. Fatal events occurred last
year inside the CA which led a few families to ask for assistance for voluntary resettlement, which has
been discussed at CA management and district government levels.

The Chimanimani Landscape is part of the Chimanimani–Nyanga Center of Endemism and is

shaped by the presence of the Chimanimani mountain range, which represents a unique landscape and
environment. Its biodiversity richness comes from the perennial forest and the afromontane
pastureland, habitat for various species, including endemic species of flora and fauna, as well as large
mammals (such as sable, eland and elephants). The mountains have been inhabited for centuries,
containing important historical sites such as Stone Age rock paintings and ruins dating back to the
times of Great Zimbabwe in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The landscape is integrated in the
Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area. In Mozambique it includes the National Reserve of
Chimanimani and the forest reserves of Moribane, Mpunga and Maronga. In 2010 the CNR
Management Plan was drawn up, which identified opportunities and threats and a management
strategy. Following this plan, the CNR limits were revised in 2013. There are uncertainties on the
number of inhabitants living inside the TPZ. The recent population census indicates the presence of
approximately 500 households, which is being investigated by the CNR, as it is higher than expected.
 The main threat to TPZ has been the activity of illegal gold panners, although most of the mining has
now been abandoned within the TPZ, although a few cases are still reported. The recent (2014) upgrade
of the Chimoio-Sussundenga road to a tarmac road has strongly boosted the economic development of
Sussudenga District, which resulted in the establishment of new large agriculture areas (mainly fruit
trees) and livestock farming, including in the CNR buffer zone, which could result on an increase of
pressure in the CNR. Despite the high tourist potential, the new road has not yet led to tourism
development. Tourism was affected by the political and security instability (from 2012 - 2017) and is
limited by the lack of tourism facilities. CNR has been supported for many years by international
agencies (such as WB) and NGOs (such as MICAIA).

The Marromeu Complex Landscape is located in the central region of Mozambique, in the Zambezi River
Delta. It comprises most of the Ramsar’s Wetland of International Importance in the south bank of the
Zambezi Delta, including the Marromeu National Reserve, Coutadas 10, 11, and 14, the Nhapacué and
Inhamitanga Forest Reserves and adjacent land areas in Marromeu, Cheringoma, and Muanza Districts.
The Landscape is part of the Zambezian Coastal Flooded Savanna ecoregion, a flat alluvial plain irrigated
by the Zambezi River Delta. It includes a variety of habitats ranging from Zambezian coastal flooded
savanna, coastal dunes, grassland, freshwater swamps, dambos associated with miombo forest,
mangroves and seagrass beds. These habitats are of great importance for several avifauna species, but
also for populations of buffalo and antelope amongst others. In the 1960’s, the area’s buffalo population
was considered one of the largest in the world, although, during 1980’s it sharply declined, due to the
armed conflict and slaughtering campaigns. Indications are that in recent years the buffalo population has
been growing significantly. Coutadas (mainly Coutada 11) have been active for more than 20 years,
establishing a protection area around the MNR. During this time the operators have noticed an increase
in the population inside the Coutadas, which could result from some assistance provided by the operators
to local communities (including distribution of trophy’s meat). Livelihoods are based on subsistence
agriculture, complemented by extensive use of local resources to supplement diets and incomes and to
fulfil basic needs. Along the coast, fishing is practiced both by local fishermen (mainly fo subsistence)
and by others from other provinces or even Tanzania. The Sena Sugar Company is the main employer
which draws in 3-4000 migrants at peak periods of the year. The area is prone to floods and INGC has
had to resettle communities from the area.

Potential Environmental and Social Impacts

MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF has been classified as a Category B Project since the potential direct adverse
environmental and social impacts associated with planned subprojects are expected to be minor, site
specific and easily manageable. Each subproject will be screened and assessed based on the nature and
scale of the proposed activities and impacts, as well as the sensitivity of the affected environment and
community.

Within the target Conservation Areas, Component 2 potential subprojects include the construction or
rehabilitation of new buildings such as headquarter offices, accommodation and training centres, the
opening of new and improvement of existing accesses roads, the launch of a major tourism development
program, the additional translocation of animals and the establishment of a community-private
partnerships for tourism for the CNR. With the additional funds from the GEF7, a reinforcement of the
activities that the CAs have already carried out within the scope of the IDA funds will be made, as well
as support for a study on critical habitats and identified habitat restoration actions.

Adverse environmental impacts associated with building construction will be localized and generally with
limited impacts. Impacts can include deforestation, soil erosion, dust and noise generation and associated
nuisance, as well as health and safety aspects, both for workers as well as the surrounding community. In
the case of projects to open or improve access, adverse impacts will occur throughout the corridor, subject
to impacts of greater magnitude and significance, including loss of vegetation, habitat fragmentation and
communities. In any case, construction works constitute an employment opportunity for local people,
which is a positive impact.
The opening, rehabilitation or improvement of roads, besides benefiting the management of the CA, can
also contribute to an increase in the number of tourists, since the current poor road conditions are a
limiting factor for tourism development. The establishment of an important program of tourism
development in the Elephant Coast Landscape and tourism in the CNR can also contribute to an increase
in the influx of tourists in these CAs. Potential social impacts on local communities as a result of increased
tourist numbers should be carefully investigated - it is likely to bring benefits by giving rise to new sources
of income but may also have implications for existing social structures and dynamics - it may also affect
the access of local communities to natural resources. Social assessments of the communities around the
targeted CAs will be conducted to evaluate the potential social risks and inform project implementation,
including mitigation. It is not expected that there will be a need for involuntary displacement of
populations, but damage to assets or property may occur and will require adequate compensation in
accordance with the MozBio 2 Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF). On the other hand, and in
particular as a result of the introduction of wildlife, there may be some situations of increased human-
animal conflict, requiring one-off displacement (voluntary or involuntary) of families to areas of lower
risk, which will also require the application of RPF.

Outside the Conservation Areas, under Component 3 of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF, the project foresees
the strengthening of landscape zoning, the promotion of access to finance for the development of value
chains compatible with conservation, the construction of basic social infrastructures and promotion of
land restoration (conservation compatible agriculture, reforestation and reduction of deforestation) in the
target landscape. The potential activities of value chains, specific to each CA are highlighted below:

Elephant Coast Landscape. Potential value-chain activities may include support for fisheries associations
in the bay area of the marine reserve, (b) NBT private or community/private joint ventures, (c) sustainable
wildlife management and cattle farming, (d) conservation-compatible livestock schemes; (e) crab
farming; (f) handcrafting; (g) beekeeping. With the GEF 7 financing, the above mentioned activities will
be reinforced, particularly for the Licuáti Forest, activities may include creation/revitalization of
community management committees for natural resources and; sustainable charcoal production.

Chimanimani Landscape. Potential value-chain to be promoted include (a) NBT private or

community/private joint ventures, (b) wildlife and cattle farming, (c) forestry, including small-scale
plantation; (d) conservation-compatible agriculture—e.g. macadamia, coffee, beekeeping, soy, maize,
sesame, which also provide opportunities for improved adaptive capacity to manage climate related risks.
With the GEF 7 financing, the above mentioned activities will be reinforced including capacity buildind
to the biodiversity monitoring on the CA, strengthening the initial existing database.

Marromeu Complex Landscape. Potential value-chain activities include (a) fisheries in the estuary and
coastal area, (b) private or community/private joint ventures in sports hunting, (c) non-timber forest
products, forestry or conservation-compatible agriculture—e.g. cashew nuts, sugar cane, beekeeping,
wildlife products; (d) crab farming. With the GEF7 financing, a reinforcement of the above mentioned
activities will be implemented, as well as supportted the improvement of the management of forest
concessions, aiming to improve the collection of 20% and consequently its sharing within the
communities.

The social benefits resulting from the implementation of these subprojects include the creation of job
opportunities (including for women), improvement of income generation opportunities through the
establishment of new value chains and improvement in community organization and skills development,
in addition to contribution to the preservation of biodiversity and environmental quality.

Agricultural, livestock and forestry projects can have an impact on land occupation, cause habitat
transformation and fragmentation, affect the availability of water for downstream users, and result in soil
and water pollution as a result of pesticide, fertilizers and antibiotic misuse, depending on the type of
activity. Activities that involve the processing of agricultural, forestry, livestock or fishing value chain
products may in addition generate effluents, residues and odors that affect the quality of the environment
and the health of populations requiring the adoption of specific environmental management measures.
The preparation of zoning plans for the Elephant Coast Landscape (ECL) and Chimanimani Landscape
(CL) may have environmental and social implications associated with limitations of access to land and
the use of natural resources. In the ECL, the zoning will be based on the PEOT and its associated Strategic
Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA). The new zoning plans should also have associated SESAs
to ensure the proper integration of environmental and social issues.

Guidelines for ESMF Implementation

All MozBio 2 subprojects shall be subjected to a review and screening process to determine the level of
required environmental and social assessment. To this end, this ESMF describes processes for ensuring
that environmental and social concerns are adequately addressed through institutional arrangements and
procedures during the subproject cycle.

The FNDS shall ensure adherence to the ESMF, PF, RPF and PMP in all subprojects funded under
MozBio, as well as to the stakeholder engagement plan for the subprojects under GEF 7 additional
financing. Specifically, the FNDS’s Safeguard Team shall be responsible for the implementation of all
the procedures contained in the present ESMF, with support from the Safeguard Assistants of the LMUs
and the CA’ Co-Management structures.

At Provincial level, the Provincial Directorates for Land, Environmental and Rural Development
(DPTADER) will be involved in environmental assessment process of each subproject as per the national
EIA Regulations.

At District level, the SDPI will be involved in the supervision of civil works, verifying compliance with
labour and health and safety contract requirements. The SDAE will be involved in the preparation and
implementation of rural development subprojects.

The GoM, work on new governmental structure, and the present ESMF will be updated according with
the rew arrangments.

All MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF subprojects will have to undergo a review and screening process to determine
the level of environmental and social assessment required.

To ensure the implementation of the identified environmental and social mitigation measures, close
collaboration between the safeguard team and the project conception teams, at national and landscape
level (infrastructure, value chain and community development), as well as the MozBio procurement team,
is crucial. This integration shall begin during the planning phase of subprojects - during the definition of
value chains and the preparation of associated business plans - where safeguard specialists shall ensure
that environmental and social concerns are accounted for and where required, that additional and more
detailed guidelines are listed to complement those already included in the ESMF.

To support the screening of subprojects, a detailed Environmental and Social Screening Checklist, aimed
at identifying the type and extent of the required environmental and social assessment, has been developed
and is included in this ESMF.

The screening and project categorization phase determines the necessary type of environmental and social
management instrument to be developed for each subproject, namely whether a Simplified Environmental
Impact Assessment (ESIA), an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) or an Environmental
and Social Management Good Practices Guide (ESMGPG), is required.

Guidelines for supervision, monitoring and regular reporting are also defined to assist in tracking
implementation of the ESMF.
The Environmental and Social Management Instruments described above (such as the Simplified ESIA,
ESMP and the ESMGPG) will provide the basis for the preparation of the Environmental, Social, Health
and Safety (ESHS) Requirements to be included in Bidding Documents for Works and will be attached
to the Bidding Documents. A Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct shall be applied to all contractors and
subcontractors’ workers. During the bidding process, the bidder will be requested to prepare an ESHS
Management Strategies and Implementation Plan (MSIP) – to support the implementation of the ESMP
or the ESM Good Practice Guide - and to submit the ESHS Code of Conduct, which in turn must be
approved by the FNDS and included in the contract.

An environmental and social audit was carried out at the end of the implementation phase of MozBIO 1,
October 2019, and the results of the audit showed that the implementation of the project had
improvements in the performance level of safeguards over the years, having passed the rating of
moderately unsatisfactory in the year 1 during the first World Bank follow-up mission, to satisfactory and
maintain a satisfactory rating in the last 2 years of project implementation.
The following improvement was made: (i) joining the safeguards team with the team of the other FNDS
projects financed by the World Bank, which helped to standardize processes across its portfolio of
integrated natural resource management projects; (ii) the development of a Safeguards Information
System, (iii) the improvement of coordination between the infrastructure, procurement and community
teams; (iii) for all category C subprojects, a Manual of Good Environmental and Social Practices was
developed to guide implementation and (iv) the Dialogue and Grievance Mechanism was operationalized,
which on the one hand ensured that the concerns of affected stakholders were attended to in a systematic
and timely manner;

For the Aditional Fund (AF), activities will be implemented using the same procedures as a way to ensure
satisfactory execution and good performance.

Grievance Mechanism

MozBio 2 will rely on the common Grievance and Redress Mechanism that has been established for
all projects included in the World Bank’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio in Mozambique
– called the “Dialogue and Grievance Mechanism (MDR)” (Figure 3). A manual of procedures and a
communication strategy were prepared, and an IT platform was designed to register and monitor the
reported cases. This mechanism has been discussed with key stakeholders, including local
communities, and has been tested in the Maputo Special Reserve to validate its procedures. The MDR
is in the process of being implemented and will be operationalized in all Project areas either as part of
MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF.

Figure 3 - Grievance resolution process outline according to the MDR

Capacity Building
Successful implementation of the MozBio 2 and + GEF 7 Aditional Fund Project will depend,
amongst others, on the effective implementation of the environmental and social management
measures outlined in the ESMP, PF, RP and PMP. Capacity building is recommended for key
stakeholders to ensure that they have the appropriate knowledge and skills to implement the ESMF’s
procedures and guidelines.

The MozBio 2’s ESMF includes a practical capacity building process comprising technical training,
awareness-raising and sensitization activities. These aim to overcome difficulties experienced
during the implementation of MozBio 1’s ESMF primarily related to the lack of familiarity with the
ESMF’s procedures and guidelines and on the practical application of safeguard instruments.

The WB has been supporting the strengthening of capacity of the FNDS safeguards team including
the MozBio safeguards specialist. Training has also been provided to DINAB, AQUA, DPTADERs
and local institutions to help improve both the awareness of safeguards policies, as well as
awareness of other crosscutting issues related to gender, the inclusion of vulnerable groups, and the
understanding of how to implement mitigation and inclusion measures. New training workshops are
planned for the near future, in addition to using a coaching approach and on-the-job training to
address specific issues and gaps. MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF shall include a practical capacity building
process comprising technical training and awareness-raising and sensitization activities in order to
overcome the difficulties experienced in the previous phase. Whereas the work is planned to be
conducted in-house, a third party may be contracted to assist in the development and implementation
of specific capacity building measures during the life of the project.

Since 2019, the FNDS in collaboration with the World Bank has been conducting training on gender
mainstreaming in projects. The Gender Based on Violence (GBV) topics are addressed. The training
carried out at FNDS central level and Landscape Management Units (LMUs) and it was aligned with
the FNDS gender strategy and GBV risk assessment for the Sustenta project. According with lesson
learned, in 2020, MozBio 2 started environmental and social safeguards trainings. Recently, in the first
quarter of 2020 the team held 2 (two) training sessions and 1 (one) workshop involving all safeguards
in the portfolio of projects financed by the World Bank. The trainig envolved World Bank safeguards
and FNDS specialist at central level (Matching Grant, Procuremnt, Infrastructures) and for PIU's
technicians (coordinators, safeguards, extension) and AC's technicians (community development and
environmental education officers). These trainings will be extended to implement the activities of the
GEF-7 AF.

Budget
The budget for the implementation of the ESMF includes costs for Consultancy Services to prepare (i)
Simplified Environmental Impact Studies for Component 2 subprojects; (ii) Social Assessments for
the three landscapes; (iii) Strategic Environmental Assessments of zoning plans for Marromeu
Complex and Chimanimani; (iv) External audit of the implementation of the ESMF, (v) Training and
(vi) Monitoring. The overall budget for implementation of the ESMF is estimated at US$ 1429,500.00.
Funds for ESMF implementation will be made available from the International Development
Association (IDA).

The budgetary arrangements for the Additional Funds under GEF 7, ensure that the costs of
implementing safeguard activities are included in the operating costs of each landscape and total
approximately $ 90,000. Emphasize that capacity building activities and other processes continue to
be financed by IDA funds, with GEF 7 funds only to reinforce monitoring interventions.
 Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................... 2
2.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ....................................................................................................... 3
2.2 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 Component 1: Strengthening Capacity of National Conservation Institutions and Financial
Sustainability of the CA system ................................................................................................ 7
2.2.2 Component 2: Improving Conservation Areas Management in target landscapes .................. 8
2.2.3 Component 3: Promoting conservation-compatible rural development and sustainable
landscape management in target landscapes ........................................................................ 10
2.4 P ROJECT I NSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION A RRANGEMENTS ....................................................... 12

3. ESMF’S OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................................. 14

4. MOZAMBICAN LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON SOCIAL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS...................................................................................................... 14
4.1 L EGAL FRAMEWORK ......................................................................................................................... 14
4.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Audit and Inspection .......................... 15
4.1.2 Conservation Law and Regulation ...................................................................................... 18
4.1.3 Overview of Other Relevant Legal Requirements ............................................................... 20
4.1.4 Relevant International Conventions and Protocols ............................................................. 20
4.2 I NSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................ 23

5. THE WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES......................................................................... 26

5.1 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................ 26
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (OP4.01).................................................................................. 33

6. NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK VS WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES ................. 35

7. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMSF DURING MOZBIO 1 ... 35

8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS OF TARGET LANDSCAPES ..... 37

8.1 ELEPHANT COAST LANDSCAPE .................................................................................................. 37
8.2 CHIMANIMANI LANDSCAPE ......................................................................................................... 39
8.3 MARROMEU COMPLEX LANDSCAPE............................................................................................ 43

9. KEY POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ..................... 45

10.GUIDELINES FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................ 50

10.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 50
10.2 E NVIRONMENTAL AND S OCIAL S CREENING ...................................................................................... 52
10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS ..........................................................................56
10.3.1 Simplified ESIA ........................................................................................................................................57
10.3.2 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) .............................................................................58
10.3.3 Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide ...............................................................58

10.3.4 COVID-19 Considerations

10.4 COMPILATION OF ESHS REQUIREMENTS FOR BIDDING DOCUMENTS FOR WORKS..........................................59
10.5 SUPERVISION AND MONITORING.....................................................................................................................60
10.6 REPORTING....................................................................................................................................................61

10.7 Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC)

11.INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION ...............................................61

12.GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ....................................................................................................65

13.CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE ......................................................................................................66

14.CAPACITY BUILDING ................................................................................................................................67

15.ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET ......................................................................................................68

16.REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................70

ANNEXES ...........................................................................................................................................................71

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 - Environmental Assessment Categories as per the EIA Regulations (Decree no. 54/2015) 17
Table 2 - Overview of relevant legal requirements ............................................................................................ 20
Table 3 - Conventions ratified by Mozambique for biodiversity conservation .................................................. 21
Table 4 – WB’ Safeguards Policies: Main Objectives, Applicability and Trigger by MozBio ......................... 27
Table 5 – Planned activities within the CAs (Component 2), with potential environmental and/or
social impact ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Table 6 - Planned activities outside the CAs (Component 3), with potential environmental and/or
social impact ......................................................................................................................................... 46
Table 7 – Environmental and Social Aspects potentially affected by the foreseen subprojects’s
activities ................................................................................................................................................ 47
Table 8 – Key Potential Environmental and Social Impacts per Type of Project .............................................. 48
Table 9 - Key stakeholders and responsibilities for environmental and social management during
project execution .................................................................................................................................. 62
Table 10 – Safeguards responsibilities within the ESMF Institutional organization, per activity ..................... 64
Table 11 - Consultation meetings to present the draft Safeguard Instruments (MozBio 2) ............................... 66
Table 12 - Consultation meetings to present the draft Safeguard Instruments (GEF 7 AF) …………
Table 13 – Estimated ESMF Implementation Budget ........................................................................................ 69
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1- MozBio 2’s pillars and Theory of Change ...................................................................... 5

Figure 2 –Mozbio 2 Conservation Areas Landscapes .................................................................. 6
Figure 3 – MozBio-2’s Institutional Arrangement ........................................................................ 13
Figure 4 - Environmental Impact Assessment Process as per the EIA Regulations (Decree no.
54/2015) .................................................................................................................... .................. 18

Figure 6 - FNDS’s Organizational Chart ..................................................................................... 25

Figure 7 - Environmental and Social Management Steps and Stakeholders, during the Subproject
Cycle ............................................................................................................................................
51
Figure 8 - Screening process ...................................................................................................... 53
Figure 9 – Environmental & Social Instruments .......................................................................... 55
Figure 10 – Tasks during Environmental and Social Screening ................................................. 55
Figure 11 - Tasks during preparation of Environmental and Social Instruments ........................ 57
Figure 12 - Grievance resolution process outlines according to the MDR .................................. 65

LIST OF ANNEXES

Annex 1 – EIA Regulations – Categorization of Activities

Annex 2 – Other Relevant Legal Requirements
Annex 3 - Environmental and Social Screening Checklist Annex
4 - Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet
Annex 5 - Guidelines for preparation of TOR for Simplified Environmental Assessment and
Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan
Annex 6 – Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan
Annex 7 – Key Impacts and Key Mitigation Measures
Annex 8 – Template for Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide Annex
9 – Template for Safeguards Performance Report
Annex 10 – Template for Supervision and Inspection of Civil Works
Annex 11 – Template for Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct Annex 12
– Summary of Public Consultation Process – MozBio 2
Annex 13 – Minute of Public Consultation Process - GEF 7 AF
Annex 14 – Stakholder Engajment Plan
1. INTRODUCTION

The Government of Mozambique, through the Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development
(MITADER) has been implementing the Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and
Sustainable Development (MozBio) Series of Projects (SoP) since 2014. MozBio’s first project’s (MozBio
1) overall objective is to improve the management of Conservation Areas (CAs) and to enhance the living
conditions of communities living in and around these conservation areas.

The GoM is currently apply for additional funding from the Global Environment Fund - GEF7, which will
focus on the MozBIO program, to be implemented in the period between 2020-2024.

The MozBio Program was designed for the long term, to be implemented in phases. The first phase –
MozBio 1 (from 2014 to 2019) comprised five components namely: (1) Institutional strengthening for
Conservation Areas management, (2) Promotion of Tourism in Conservation Areas (3) Improvement of
Conservation Areas Management, (4) Piloting of Sustainable Livelihoods around Conservation Areas, and
(5) Project Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. The project included infrastructure and community
development subprojects that would require due safeguards consideration thus triggering six out the ten
World Bank Safeguards Policies. MozBio 1 was classified as a Category B project per the World Bank
safeguards policy OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment. To address project’s environmental and social
impacts three Safeguard instruments were prepared: an Environmental and Social Management
Framework (ESMF), a Process Framework (PF) and a Pest Management Pan (PMP).

Lessons learned MozBio-1 implementation include the need for an Integrated Landscape Management
(ILM) approach that combines rural development operations in support of agriculture, forestry, tourism,
transport and other sectors with restoration of degraded areas within the administrative boundaries of a
province, adapted to the relevant landscape boundaries of target CAs, their buffers and influence areas.
This approach is relevant to the conservation areas since most threats come from outside their borders,
including population pressure. Another lesson is that it would be more efficient to focus efforts in fewer
CAs. The adoption of co-management approaches with existing partners to achieve a transformational
process is another lesson.

The second phase of MozBio (MozBio 2) and GEF 7 AF is being developed for three target CAs and their
surrounding landscape: (1) the Elephant Coast Landscape (comprising the Maputo Special Reserve, Ponta
do Ouro Marine Reserve, Inhaca island and Licuáti Forest Reserve), (2) Chimanimani (including
Chimanimani National Reserve and its buffer zone and three Forest Reserves – Moribane, Zomba and
Maronga) and (3) the Marromeu Complex Landscape (including Marromeu National Reserve and
Coutadas 10, 11 and 14).

MozBio-2, will be implemented from 2018 to 2023 and GEF 7 AF from 2020 to 2024. Its Project
Development Objective (PDO) is the improvement of the management of target Conservation Areas
Landscapes and the enhancement of the living conditions of communities in and around these
conservation areas.

1
MozBio-2 comprises the following components:

Component 1: Strengthening Capacity of National Conservation Institutions and Financial

Sustainability of the CA system
Component 2: Improving Conservation Areas Management in targeted landscapes

Component 3: Promoting conservation-compatible rural development and integrated landscape

management in target landscapes

Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response Component

Six of the 10 operational policies of the World Bank have been trigged for the implementation of MozBio
2 and GEF 7 AF, respectively, OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment; OP 4.04 Natural Habitats; OP 4.09
Pest Management; OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources; OP 4.36 Forests; OP 4.12 Involuntary
Resettlement. As in its previous phase, MozBio 2 Project was classified as Category B, thus requiring an
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). – GEF 7 AF trigged the same operational
policies as MozBio-2.

This ESMF for the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF Project seeks to ensure compliance with national
environmental and social requirements as well as compliance with the World Bank’s Social and
Environmental Safeguards3 and the General and Specific Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS)
guidelines4 It includes a preliminary identification of potential environmental and social impacts, defines
procedures for environmental and social assessment and management of potential impacts and defines the
required institutional arrangements, capacity building requirements and budget for implementation.

The ESMF is a dynamic instrument that shall be reviewed periodically in order to be updated and include
lessons learned.

The ESMF is complemented by the following instruments:

• Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that lays out the policies, procedural guidelines and
institutional arrangement for the implementation of any involuntary resettlement interventions
that could be required under MozBio 2;
• Process Framework (PF) that describes the process by which potentially affected communities
will participate in a more consultative and integrated manner in identifying the impacts of their
restrictions on access to land and natural resources and in planning mitigation of these effects,
with the overall view of sustainably managing the natural resources in designated CAs;
• Pest Management Plan (PMP) that promotes the integrated pest management and the safe use of
agricultural pesticides.

• Stakeholder Engagement Plan (for the GEF7 Financing) – provides full disclosure of all non-
confidential information, and consultation with, and participation as appropriate of, major
groups and local communities, throughout the project cycle.

The ESMF for MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF will be publicly consulted and disclosed in Mozambique and at
the World Bank’s InfoShop prior to project appraisal. It will then become an integral part of the Project’s
Implementation Manual and applicable to all investments under MozBio 2.

3 https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies#safeguards
4 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-
ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines

2
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Mozambique has significant renewable natural resources, including forests, fisheries and wildlife.
With 32 million hectares of forest cover (mainly miombo dry forests, but also large mangrove areas), the
country is one of the most forested in Africa. Mozambique’s oceans harbor extraordinary fish and habitat
diversity, including lobsters, crabs, shrimps and prawns. Its coastline, the 4th longest in Africa, is unique
in terms of environmental quality, diversity, and abundance of species, and has some of the most
spectacular coral reefs in the world. The country has outstanding terrestrial, freshwater, marine and coastal
biodiversity, counting more than 10,000 species, 10% of which are endemic or nearly endemic. These
renewable natural resources provide global public goods and unique habitat to globally-relevant
biodiversity. They also provide goods and services to the local population, such as freshwater, food and
fuel sources. The rural population, which accounts for 70% of the total, are highly dependent on the direct
use of the country’s natural resources.

Mozambique’s network of Conservation Areas, makes up 23% of Mozambique’s land surface. It is

currently made up of seven National Parks, ten National Reserves, one Environmental Protection Area,
seventeen Controlled Hunting Areas (Coutadas) and two Community Reserves. These CAs aim to
preserve biodiversity and the ecosystem, and to contribute to the development and the socio-economic
well-being of Mozambicans. CAs and their surroundings provide vital ecosystem goods and services to
rural populations and generate income to the national economy. The declared revenue from tourism
(including both non-consumptive tourism and sports hunting) in CAs almost tripled from 2012 to 2013,
from around US$1 million in 2012 to almost US$3 million in 2013 (Rylance, 2014). Revenues from
Coutadas (wildlife utilization areas) increased by nearly 500% in the same period.

Conservation Areas are under a lot of pressure. A ‘threats and pressures’ analysis by the Government
of Mozambique (GoM) in 2014 showed that uncontrolled forest fires, tree logging, conversion of land use
to grazing and slash and burn agriculture, illegal hunting and fishery are currently posing severe pressures
on CAs, and without action they are likely to remain the main threats to conservation in the coming years.
The revenue currently generated from tourism and sports hunting is largely insufficient to finance
the management of CAs. In addition, the levels of re-investment of Park-generated revenues are very
low. As a result, CAs are still heavily dependent on donor funding and mechanisms to contribute to
financial sustainability are sorely needed.

In 2014, the GoM prepared the MozBio Program to address these challenges and enhance the
potential contribution of CAs to rural development (including to the livelihoods of communities
around CAs). The MozBioProgram aims to support the conservation of Mozambique’s wildlife,
biodiversity and ecosystems and contribute to the livelihood of local communities within and surrounding
the conservation areas network. This Program builds on the two-phased Transfrontier Conservation Areas
(TFCA) Program. Supported by the Bank and other development partners from 1996 to 2013, the TFCA
Program raised the conservation agenda to a core development priority. It had significant achievements,
including the development of the Conservation Policy and Law, the establishment of the National
Administration for Conservation Areas (ANAC) and of the Foundation for Biodiversity Conservation
(BioFund), increased management capacity of key TFCAs (including the Limpopo National Park, Maputo
Special Reserve and Chimanimani Reserve), and promoted local community development initiatives.

The MozBio Program has four pillars (see Figure 1):

a) Policies, legislation and institutions;

b) Financial sustainability;
c) Biodiversity conservation management; and
d) Community development.

3
The preparation of MozBio 2 took into consideration lessons learned from MozBio 1, including:
a) Policies, legislation and institutions: Institutional reform is not completed, particularly regarding
ANAC, and takes time. A more coherent approach to institutional strengthening with a strong emphasis
on results should be pursued;
b) Financial sustainability: Public-Private-Partnerships (PPPs) have great potential to attract additional
finance and technical capacity to CA management and MozBio 2 will actively seek to establish such
partnerships. Financial sustainability has advanced but remains a long-term goal. The endowment fund
(BioFund) continues to be a key instrument, to be supported further. Other sources of revenue (namely
from tourism, environmental services and sustainable use of wildlife) should be pursued;
c) Biodiversity conservation management: Supporting a large number of CAs is important to assist with
preservation but hampers the possibility of transforming them and enhancing their financial sustainability.
MozBio 2 would promote ‘transformational changes’ by focusing on a smaller number of areas, while
continuing to support the enabling environment and financial sustainability of the overall CA system; and
d) Community development: Implementation of value chain activities should be led by actors working
outside CAs and in line with the integrated landscape management approach.
MozBio 2 principles are:
• Maximize Finance for Development: leverage private financing for managing protected areas
through conservation PPPs, promotion of nature-based tourism investment, ecosystem services
payments and sustainable wildlife management;
• Integrated Landscape Management: promotion of partnerships across stakeholders working
in the landscape around the protected areas;
• Prioritize women and youth as elements of change at the local level.

4
Figure 1- MozBio 2’s and GEF 7 AF pillars and Theory of Change

The following three landscapes associated with CAs were selected:

• Elephant Coast Landscape, includes the Maputo Special Reserve, the associated Futi Corredor,
Ponta do Ouro Marine Reserve and the immediately adjacent land areas in Matutuine District.

• Chimanimani Landscape, includes the Chimanimani National Reserve (reserve and buffer zone)
and immediately adjacent land areas in Sussundenga District, the Forest Reserves of Moribane,
Mpunga and Mronga.
• Marromeu Complex Landscape comprises the Marromeu Special Reserve, Coutadas 10, 11 and
14, and immediately adjacent land areas in Marromeu, Cheringoma, and Muanza Districts and the
Zambezi estuary in Zambezia Province, which are part of a RAMSAR site.
These landscapes were selected due to their unique biodiversity, high level of poverty among
communities, strategic locations that encompass both terrestrial and coastal landscapes, opportunities for
co-management arrangements and potential synergies with other World Bank Projects such as MozFIP,
Sustenta and SwioFish1. Other landscapes may be selected during the implementation of the project,
subject to a common understanding between the World Bank and the Government of Mozambique.

5
 Figure 2 –Mozbio 2 Conservation Areas Landscapes

2.2 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT

As referred, the MozBio-2 and GEF 7 AF Project comprises the following components:
Component 1: Strengthening Capacity of National Conservation Institutions and Financial
Sustainability of the CA system
Component 2: Improving Conservation Areas Management in target landscapes
Component 3: Promoting conservation-compatible rural development and integrated landscape
management in target landscapes

Omponent 4: Contingency Emergency Response Component

While Component 1 is national in scope, with activities aimed at strengthening the three relevant
institutions (ANAC, FNDS and BIOFUND) and human resources for the entire CA system, Component
2 and 3 target the three selected landscapes.

The objectives and activities of each component are summarized below:

6
2.2.1 MozBio 2 and GEF7 AF will comprise the following components:

Component 1: Strengthening Capacity and Financial Sustainability of National Conservation

Institutions (Original amount: US$15.0 million equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing:
US$13,825,000 million equivalent from GEF).

IDA Grant: This component aims to improve the capacity of the three main national conservation
institutions (ANAC, BIOFUND, and FNDS); create a cohort of conservation professionals; and foster
nature-based tourism at the national level. These activities contribute to two pillars of the MozBio
Program: (a) ensuring an enabling policy and institutional environment (governance) and (b) ensuring
financial sustainability for the CA system.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Strengthening of ANAC (US$1,1 million). The AF will support ANAC in i) developing guidelines and
standards of procedures on key management and operations issues including community governance,
benefit sharing and biodiversity monitoring focused on drylands; ii) support ANAC, in coordination with
the National Directorate of Environment (DINAB) to review the regulation on Access and Benefit Sharing
from Genetic and Biological Resources and associated traditional knowledge, to facilitate sustainable
commercialization of biological resources, including from dryland ecosystems, and gain better access to
international markets and partners5 iii) support the design and installation of an electronic permit system
for CITES (Convention on Trade of Endangered Species) to improve transparency and efficiency in
permits issuance and allow the exchange of information across borders, increasing transparency in wildlife
trade, and iv) strengthen the capacity of ANAC’s existing database to capture, store and utilize biodiversity
data for decision-making and management, including on topics of common interest with neighboring
countries to ensure improved management of transboundary ecosystems. Since two of the Project areas
are part of TFCAs (Lubombo and Chimanimani TFCAs), this activity under the AF will help support
ANAC in further engaging and developing joint activities for these areas on topics that expand from law
enforcement, to biodiversity management, and tourism and community development. The AF will also
support ANAC’s participation in regional and international coordination events and institutions related to
dryland management.

Strengthening of Biofund (US$12,4 million). The AF will capitalize BIOFUND’s Endowment Fund
(US$ 12 million) for three specific windows that promote financing for addressing drivers of dryland
degradation in selected CAs and strengthens of the overall CA system in Mozambique 6. The three specific
windows will; i) finance investments for the protection and restoration of dryland forests in selected CAs
that are either already degraded, or at high risk of becoming so (US$ 7 million); ii) create a basket fund
that aims to increase retainment and attraction of new skills needed for the efficiency of ANAC and the
CA system (US$2 million); and iii) implement a new private sector collaboration program in support of
sustainable and equitable dryland management, which will and that providealso provide continued
funding to Mozbio 2 targeted interventions for a period of 10 years (US$ 3 million). The creation of a
basket fund was a key lesson learned from Mozbio 1 and is aligned with the current revision of ANAC’s
Strategic Plan, as a way to improve management capacity at both central and CA level. The principle
objective of the third window is to attract private sector investments that contribute to LDN and SFM
targets, i.e. that alter current land use practices from low-value and ecologically unsustainable activities
to higher-value ones that are based directly on sustainable use of natural resources, such as game farming,

5 Mozambique had developed and approved in 2007 a Regulation on Access and Benefit Sharing resulting from Genetic
Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (Decree 19/2007 of 9 August). With the global adoption of Nagoya Protocol
in 2010, and its ratification by Mozambique in 2014, there is the need to adapt the instrument to respond fully to the Nagoya
Protocol, and improve its desired impact. The revision of the regulation intends to include the development of a mechanism for
access and benefit sharing, taking into account the targets 14 and 15 on the payment for environmental services, and should
help to promote and empower local communities and the private sector to participate in compensation mechanisms from
biodiversity.

6 The Endowment Fund is operational and performing well and has currently achieved capitalization of US$35 million.

7
sustainable wildlife use, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) extraction. The revenue stream from thise
third window (estimated at about US$100,000 year) will also thus be used in two ways; i) to provide
financing to companies willing to engage in community joint ventures with biodiversity positive impacts
and 2) to alsoto support execution of activities in the target landscapes that have longer implementation
periods than what the MozBio project can accommodate. This is an innovative way of using the specific
feature of the Endowment Fund to align the needs of dryland management on the ground with funding
time frames. Hence, the specific GEF funds´ revenues will not only be used for community-private
initiatives during the life of the project but will also be used to continue supporting these initiatives for
this purpose immediately following the MozBio Project closure, for a period no less than 10 years,
contributing to financial sustainability of GEF investments. This is an innovative way of using the specific
feature of the Endowment Fund to align the needs of dryland management on the ground with funding
time frames. The results framework will include a new indicator measuring the amount of revenues
generated by the endowment fund and re-invested in sustainable dryland management in CAs. The Project
will also support institutional capacity of BIOFUND (US$0.4 million) to improve diversification of their
revenue streams and for BIOFUND’s participation in regional and international coordination events and
institutions related to dryland management. An indicator will be added to track BIOFUND’s ability to
leverage additional financing other than GEF to the endowment fund.

Strengthening of FNDS (US$0.3 million). The AF will support project coordination, monitoring of
results, regional cooperation on drylands, including using the Miombo Network and Southern Africa
Development Community (SADC), and other bodies as deemed relevant by the Global DSL IP. It will
also support participation of relevant stakeholders from Mozambique in south-south knowledge exchanges
with other DSL IP countries as well as in global forums, which will allow to prioritize, coordinate and
collaborate on efforts with other dryland countries in order to maximize relevance, impact and cost-
effectiveness of interventions in transboundary ecosystems. It will also support participation in
coordinating grant events and regional meetings with GEF and FAO, as well as production, dissemination
and knowledge sharing derived from the project. Project management activities of FNDS also includes
leading the fiduciary, procurement and safeguards implementation. The AF will also strengthen the
existing capacity of FNDS’ Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) Unit, by providing resources
for training, equipment and operational costs, to ensure robust monitoring of degradation and deforestation
of dryland forests within the project target areas.

Component 2: Improving Conservation Areas Management in Target Landscapes (Original amount:

US$17 million equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing US$2,575,000 million equivalent from GEF).

IDA Project: This component aims to improve biodiversity conservation management of target CAs,
particularly the governance of CAs (including its relationship with surrounding stakeholders), human
resources management, infrastructure establishment and maintenance, human-wildlife coexistence,
research, resources control and patrolling, and promoting of environmental awareness and strengthening
of community-based organizations (CBOs) among local communities. These activities contribute to two
of the pillars of the Mozbio Program i) biodiversity conservation management and ii) community
development.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Enhancing CA’s human resources and fixed assets (US$1.2 million). The AF will finance i) the
installation of the EarthRanger system, a powerful easy-to-use software tool built to collect, integrate and
display historical and real-time data available from a CA which will empower CAs to take immediate,
proactive actions to prevent and mitigate threat incidents to biodiversity and wildlife while also allowing
CAs to communicate data to neighbor countries CAs and organize joint actions such as joint enforcement
and patrolling, sharing and streamlining of research and management practices in regard to dryland and
other endemic biodiversity; ii) conduct awareness campaigns of legislation and rules of the CA
Management Plans (to stakeholders in the landscape, including through the multi-stakeholder CA
Management Councils; iii) support to transboundary collaboration with neighboring countries,
specifically South Africa, Zimbabwe and eSwatini through the Lubombo and Chimanimani TFCAs,
including joint aerial surveys, species monitoring with a view to better understand population dynamics
and distribution of key species in the TFCAs and joint law enforcement programs that aim to reduce illegal

8
activities within the target landscapes, participation in TFCA coordination meetings and sharing and
streamlining of research and management practices in regard to dryland and other endemic biodiversity.

Supporting CA’s operations (US$1.3 million). The AF will focus on strengthening community
governance for sustainable dryland and natural resource management in the three CAs, following the
national CBNRM governance model, including support to i) identification and training of community
facilitators; ii) establishment or strengthening of Community Governance Committees; iii) participatory
identification and assessment on the degradation of dryland and critical habitats; iv) mapping and
production of land and natural resource use plans to support dryland management and community
development, including reducing uncertainty over land tenure and uses; v) implementation of the Gender
Action Learning System (GALS) to address systemic gender inequality at household and community
level; vi) expand Environmental Education in schools and vii) implement measures identified under the
original project to reduce the levels of human wildlife conflicts, by supporting additional equipment and
materials, training and operational costs. An indicator on the implementation of local community plans
will be included to measure progress related to strengthening community governance around dryland and
natural resource management. This component will be implemented via BIOFUND’s Designated
Account.

Component 3: Promoting Conservation-compatible Rural Development and Integrated Landscape

Management in Target Landscapes (Original Project: US$13 million equivalent from IDA, Additional
Financing US$ 6,719,266 from GEF)

IDA Grant: This component aims to promote conservation-compatible rural development in target
landscapes through support to sustainable value chains and Integrated Landscape Management (ILM), by
financing land use planning, establishment of Landscape Management Units (LMUs), and capacity
strengthening of targeted districts to reduce pressure on CAs. These activities contribute to all pillars of
the MozBio Program and require addressing several constraints, including limited access to credit, TA
and inputs, and insufficient market access and employment opportunities.

GEF Grant: The AF would allow the Project to engage in following activities:

Matching Grants and ILM: The AF will scale up the component by: i) increasing the number of business
plans supported by the Matching Grant Scheme (US$1.7 million) targeting local entrepreneurs, micro,
small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and local community associations, to promote sustainable
dryland value chains, including for non-timber forest products and for sustainable agriculture and
livestock management that aim to reduce the degradation of farm and pasture lands, and help to intensify
and stabilize production thereby reducing processes of expansion and encroachment into natural
ecosystems and fragile areas (such as from agroforestry systems). Value chains to be supported will also
be prioritized from a regional/transboundary perspective, hence allowing coordination and knowledge
sharing/capacity building on how to successfully develop such value chains, including in particular for
apiculture products and sustainable rangeland value chains7. ii) support financial literacy of local
communities (US$0,2 million) through expanding Saving and Credit Groups (PCRs), which primarily
comprise women, iii) support science-based restoration activities, mainly led by communities and
identified through assessments such as ROAM (Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology),
(US$3 million), including to forest reserves, grassland and rangeland, including Assisted Natural
Regeneration to accelerate natural successional process by removing or reducing barriers to natural forest

77 One of the initiatives that the project will work through for rangeland value chain development is the Herding for Health
(H4H) program in the Lubombo TFCA, in which communal farmers, both men and women, directly benefit from learning new
skills, increased income, and greater livestock and rangeland health. In addition to promoting gender equality, the project builds
community governance capacity that improves interactions between communities and conservation entities and resolves
barriers that stand in the way of transfrontier conservation area development. Recently approved and internationally adopted
commodity-based trade standards for beef produced in Foot-and-Mouth Disease infected areas are used as a catalyst for this
approach. At the same time indigenous knowledge, in the form of herding and kraaling, are brought together with new
technology to enable regenerative livestock production and enhance social equity in the form of innovative training and
enterprise development.

9
regeneration, mainly targeting areas for restoring the protective functions of the ecosystem (e.g.
watersheds) and Active Restoration to support the planting of specific species that can either be native
species or commercial species compatible with forest and grasslands (e.g. coffee, cashew nuts, etc); iv)
support to the elaboration and implementation of the first Management and Business Plan for the Elephant
Coast EPA (US$1.6 million), which will help clarify land uses and tenures; and v) support to mainstream
land restoration in the integrated district development plans (US$0,2 million) to improve sustainable
management of production landscapes, addressing the complex nexus of local livelihoods, land
degradation, climate change, and environmental security. Four indicators will be added to this component
to track progress related to i) area of land restored, ii) area under improved management, iii) reduced
emissions from deforestation and iv) number of beneficiaries in aforementioned activities, disaggregated
by gender.

Component 4: Contingency Emergency Response Component (Original Project: US$0 million

equivalent from IDA, Additional Financing US$ 0 from GEF)

The component is included to support the recipient in case of a potential disaster-recovery need by
providing immediate response to an eligible crisis or emergency. The component would channel IDA
funds and an annex reflecting key agreements for CERC activation and implementation and summary of
fiduciary and E&S requirements will be included in the revised Project Implementation Manual (PIM).

CERC reflecting the strategic approach taken in Mozambique across the Bank’s portfolio. The CERC will
provide immediate response to an eligible emergency. As such, in the event of such eligible emergency
(as defined in the CERC Operational Manual already prepared and adopted by the government), and at
the request of the government, the Component would finance emergency activities and expenditures
through the reallocation of funds from the Project.

The CERC may be used following natural disasters, global epidemics or other crises and emergencies,
allowing funds to be reallocated from other components of the project. In the event of an emergency event,
it is not anticipated that a reallocation of project funds will cause serious disruption to project
implementation. The FNDS will be the implementing agency for the CERC. Activities under CERC will
be governed by the World Bank Directive Contingent Emergency Response Components (CERC)
(October, 2017).

Disbursement of emergency financing under the CERC will be contingent upon: a) the recipient
establishing a nexus between the disaster event and the need to access funds to support recovery and
reconstruction activities (an “eligible event”); and b) submission to and no objection granted by the World
Bank of an Emergency Action Plan (EAP). The EAP will include a list of activities, procurement
methodology and safeguards procedures.

Changes to component costs: A summary of the allocations under the parent project and the AF for each
component are presented in the table below.

Parent Government Revised project

AF (GEF)
Component Project (IDA) Counterpart cost (IDA+GEF)
US$m
US$m US$m US$m
Component 1: Strengthening 15,000,000 13,825,0008 1,000,000 28,825,000
Capacity and Financial
Sustainability of National
Conservation Institutions
Component 2: Improving 17,000,000 2,575,000 1,000,000 19,575,000
Conservation Areas

8Of which approximately 1,2 million will go to Project Management Costs and coordination, collaboration, and
promotion of knowledge sharing on drylands.

10
 Management in Target
Landscapes
Component 3: Promoting 13,000,000 6,719,266 1,000,000 19,719,266
Conservation-compatible
Rural Development and
Integrated Landscape
Management in Target
Landscapes
Component 4: Contingency 0 0 0 0
Emergency Response
Total 45,000,000 23,119,266 3,000,000 71,119,266

2.4 PROJECT INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

The previous phase of the MozBio project was implemented by the MozBio Unit (MozBio PIU), which
was initially embedded within ANAC. Lessons learnt in the early stages of MozBio 1 implementation
showed weakness in operational issues and business development, despite the relatively good performance
on issues related to strategy, policy and legislation and the coordination of law enforcement. The MozBio
PIU was then transferred to MITADER´s National
Sustainable Development Fund (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Sustentável – FNDS) which
became responsible for Project operation.
The FNDS will be responsible for the overall strategic guidance and will coordinate Project
implementation, particularly through its International Funds Management Unit (UGFI).

The FNDS will be responsible for the technical and financial coordination of the Project and will work
closely with some of MTA and MADER technical directorates, mainly the National Agency for
Conservation Areas (ANAC) and the National Directorate for Rural Development (DNDR).
Each Agency and National Directorate will appoint a Project Focal Point who will participate in Project
activities including in the preparation of the annual work plans and budgets, annual progress reports,
prepare terms of reference (TORs) in their respective areas of expertise and contribute to the supervision
of the actions under their areas of responsibility (see Figure 3).

Recently, with the new governmental structure, Ministery of Land Environment and Rural Development
(MITADER) was extinguished and the FNDS work closely with the Ministery of Land and Environment
(MTA) and Ministery of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER).
Project implementation will be carried out by the FNDS/UGFI at central level. The FNDS/UGFI will
be tasked with the implementation of all Project activities, including technical supervision and
coordination, overall Project planning, quality oversight, communication, safeguards management,
reporting, procurement, financial management, monitoring of Project activities and monitoring and
reporting on its progress on a regular basis. At the central level, the FNDS will be responsible for the
management of fiduciary issues, in conformity with the standards and requirements contained in the legal
agreement and agreed upon with the WBG. The FNDS/UGFI Coordinator has appointed a full-time
Project Coordinator for MozBio. The FNDS/UGFI project management team includes financial and
procurement specialists, as well as monitoring and evaluation officers, a communication specialist,
technical specialists for coordination of infrastructure and community development projects as well as a
safeguards team that supports all WB Projects under FNDS coordination.
As in the implementation of other WB Projects, FNDS will establish Landscape Management Units
(LMUs), at the CA landscape level, namely in Sussundenga and Marromeu districts, while in Matutuine
district the support will be secured by the central PIU. Thus, at the CA landscape level, Project activities
will be coordinated by the LMUs. The LMUs will coordinate and monitor Project implementation progress

11
at the provincial level and interface with the District authorities, both the District Service for Economic
Activity (Serviço Distrital de Actividades Econónimas - SDAE) and the District Service for Infrastructure
and Planning (Serviço Distrital de Planeamento e Infraestructura - SDPI) in the targeted districts. The
CA LMUs will have one coordinator and shall be staffed with technical specialists (infrastructure and
value chain areas and a sustainable development specialist who will be responsible for safeguards
activities) and administrative support (accountant). They report to the national FNDS/UGFI Coordinator
and to the MTA and MADER Provincial Directors and have regular meetings with the Provincial
Governors.
The CA Co-Management structure will also be deeply involved in MozBio 2 implementation, mainly
in the implementation of activities for strengthening conservation areas’ development in targeted
landscapes, as well as in facilitating conservation-compatible rural development within the buffer zones.
As is the case in the existing LMUs, Multi-Stakeholder Landscape Forums (MSLFs) will also be
established. MSFLs play an important role in Project coordination and in promoting integrated landscape
management.
At district level MozBio is already working with the District Service for Economic Activities (SDAE)
and the District Service for Planning and Infrastructure (SDPI). The will support the ESMF’s
recommended sub-project screening and environmental inspection activities. The District Service for
Women, Health and Social Action (SDSMAS) supports women’s community organizations and
vulnerable people.

Figure 3 – MozBio-2’s and GEF 7 AF Institutional Arrangement

The achievement of objectives and the tracking of progress of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF implementation
will be systematically measured by indicators defined in the Project Operation Manual. At the end of
MozBio 1, the Bank will assess progress and discuss any changes to project implementation arrangements
for the second phase with the Government.

12
3. ESMF’s OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

At the time of writing no details are known regarding the subproject investments under the MozBio 2 and
GEF 7 AF Project. It is therefore not possible to assess in detail the environmental and social consequences
of potential projects.

In order to comply with the World Bank’s OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment an Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) is required. The ESMF is an “instrument that examines the issues
and impacts associated when a project consists of a program and/or series of sub-projects, and the
impacts cannot be determined until the program or sub-project details have been identified. The ESMF
sets out the principles, rules, guidelines and procedures to assess the environmental and social impacts.
It contains measures and plans to reduce, mitigate and/or offset adverse impacts and enhance positive
impacts, provisions for estimating and budgeting the costs of such measures, and information on the
agency or agencies responsible for addressing project impacts” (World Bank OP 4.01, 2013).

This ESMF aims to ensure that environmental and social management is integrated into the development
and operation of investments to be financed under MozBio 2 to ensure the effective mitigation of
potentially adverse impacts while enhancing benefits.

The main objectives of this ESMF are to:

Establish procedures for screening all proposed subprojects for potential adverse
environmental and social impacts;
Specify measures for managing, mitigating and monitoring environmental and social
impacts during project operation;
Outline training and capacity-building arrangements needed to implement the ESMF
provisions.

The preparation of the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF, ESMF was based on:
• Review of documents, including CAs’ Management Plans and District Profiles;
• Field visits to the three target areas –; and
• Consultation with stakeholders ---including MozBio, FNDS, CA management teams, district
authorities (Matutuine, Sussundenga and Marromeu), Agencia Francesa de Desenvolvimento
(AFD), National Forest Directore and NGOs (MICAIA and PPF).

4. MOZAMBICAN LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ON SOCIAL

AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

4.1 LEGAL FRAMEWORK

The Constitution of the Mozambican Republic defines the right of all citizens to live in a balanced and
natural environment and their obligation to protect it (Art. 90). It further states that "The state and local
authorities with the cooperation of environmental protection organizations will adopt policies to protect
the environment and ensure the rational use of all natural resources."

The National Environmental Policy, approved by Resolution Nr. 5/95, dated 6 December, establishes the
basis for all environmental legislation. According to Article 2.1, the main goal of this Policy is to ensure
sustainable development in order to maintain an acceptable relationship between socioeconomic
development and environmental protection. To reach the aforementioned goal, this Policy must ensure,
among other requirements, the management of the country’s natural resources – and the environment in
general – in order to preserve its functional and productive capacity for present and future generations.

13
The Environment Law (Law Nr. 20/97, dated 7 October) defines the legal basis for the sound use and
management of the environment as a means to safeguard sustainable development in the country. This
Law applies to all activities in the public or private sectors that may directly or indirectly affect the
environment.

Some relevant principles of environmental management included in the National Environment Policy and
Environment Law include:

• Environmental management should aim at improving the quality of life of citizens and
protection of biodiversity and ecosystems;
• The recognition and appreciation of traditions and knowledge of the local community;
• The priority given to systems that prevent the degradation of the environment;
• A comprehensive and integrated perspective of the environment;
• The importance of public participation;
• The polluter - payer principle; and
• The importance of international cooperation.
The environmental law requires that the Government prepare a National Environmental Management
Program and establishes a consultative National Council for Sustainable Development (CONDES). The
law requires that in order to protect and preserve the natural environment and maintain/improve the
ecosystems that have a recognized ecological and socio-economic value, the government shall establish
environmental protection zones (‘total or partial protection zones’). It provides for the participation of
local communities and other stakeholders in the development of policy and laws for the management, and
the enforcement of regulations in these protected areas. A number of provisions in the law reinforce the
view that communities in protected areas retain their use rights and that they can use them to negotiate
returns on income generated from that land.

Under de CERC the project will consider the Master Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2017-2030 (“Plano
Director para a Redução do Risco de desastres 2017-2030”). Since June 2014, the country has had Law
No. 15/2014 (Disaster Management Law) which establishes the legal regime for disaster risk management,
comprising prevention and mitigation of the destructive effects of calamities, the development of relief
actions and assistance, as well as reconstruction and recovery actions in the affected areas.
Other relevant legislation applicable to emergency issues includes: (i) The National Strategy for,
Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change (2013-2025); (ii) The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030, was adopted at the Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held from
March 14 to 18, 2015, in Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. The Sendai Framework allowed the adoption of a
common structure for disaster risk reduction, concise, focused and oriented towards the future and action.
National Strategy for Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change (2013-2025) was developed and
approved by the Government of Mozambique, with the objective of identifying essential areas to reduce
the severity of the impacts of climate change, through adaptation actions and reduction of climate risks.
The general objective is to establish guidelines for actions to build resilience, including the reduction of
climate risks, in communities and national economy, promote low carbon development and the green
economy, through their integration in sectoral and local planning.

4.1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Audit and Inspection

The Environmental Law (Law No. 20/97) is applicable to all public or private activities which may,
directly or indirectly, affect the environment. According to the Law, Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) is an instrument that assists the Government of Mozambique in the decision-making processes
relating to the issuance of environmental licenses for development projects. The issuance of an
environmental license must precede any other necessary licenses.

14
The Ministry for Land and Environment (MTA), through the National Directorate for the Environment
(DINAB) is the authority responsible for EIA and environmental licensing of activities. The National
Agency for Environmental Quality Control (AQUA) is responsible for environmental auditing and
control, and environmental monitoring.

The Regulation on the Environmental Impact Assessment Process (Decree No. 54/2015 of 31
December, which repeals Decrees 45/2004 and 42/2008) establishes the rules for the environmental
assessment process, namely the categorization process of activities, the level and content of environmental
studies required for the different categories, public participation process, review process, environmental
licensing stages (Interim, Installation and Operation), responsibilities, inspections, applicable fees and
penalties.
The Environmental Impact Assessment process is an instrument that aims to contribute to the
environmental and social sustainability of activities. It begins with the Pre-Evaluation of the activity, by
the Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (central or provincial level), based on information about
the proposed activity and the proposed area of implementation. This information is provided by the
proponent, in the designated ‘Process Instruction’, to be submitted to the Provincial Directorate of Land,
Environment and Rural Development (DPTADER) with jurisdiction over the area proposed for
implementation.
Article 8, point 3, of the EIA Regulations states that the pre-assessment (screening) conducted by the EIA
authority shall include a review of information in article 6 on the competencies of the EIA Authority and
the assessment criteria listed in article 9, in addition to a review of the Regulation’s annexures on the
categorization activities, namely, Annex I – Category A+ Activities, Annex II - Category A Activities,
Annex III - Category B Activities, Annex IV - Category C Activities and Annex V – Fatal Flaws.
Knowledge of the intended project location and alignment of the proposed project with district plans and
land use and zoning plans shall also be considered during the pre-assessment phase. This is a change from
the previous Regulations and one that requires a broader review of proposed projects during the
categorization of activities by the EIA Authority.

Under the revised EIA Regulations (No. 54 of 2015), projects proposed by the Conservation Area itself,
with the objective of improving the area’s management, are now listed as a Category B activity.

For subprojects envisaged under MozBio 2, during the planning phase, the FNDS Safeguards team will
review the EIA Regulations and its annexures, consider the nature of the projects, and the associated
potential impacts on the proposed location or host environment, in order to determine a possible project
category and the required level of environmental assessment. Annex 1 - provides an extract of the
annexures I-IV on the categorization of activities to assist the team in assessing each project during this
initial stage – these extracts were developed based on the types of subprojects likely to be funded by
MozBio 2. The indicative project categories are presented per project type as well as per the
environmental and social characteristics of the project site to assist in determining the potential project
categorization. The final categorization decision rests with the EIA Authority.

Following the Pre-Evaluation stage, the proposed activity is categorized or rejected. Table 1 presents the
EIA categories defined in the EIA Regulation.

Table 1 - Environmental Assessment Categories as per the EIA Regulations (Decree no. 54/2015)

Category A+ Activities which due to their complexity, location and / or

irreversibility and magnitude of impacts deserve not only a high
level of social and environmental surveillance, but also the
involvement of specialists in the EIA processes.
Category A Activities which may significantly affect living organisms and
environmentally sensitive areas and their impacts are of longer
duration, intensity, magnitude and significance.
Category B Activities which do not significantly affect living organisms or

15
 environmentally sensitive areas compared with those activities
listed under Category A.
Category C Activities which have negligible, insignificant or minimal negative
impacts.

Figure 4 summarizes Mozambique’s general EIA process, indicating the studies required by category of
activity, the deadlines for delivery of documents to the Environmental Assessment Authority and the
deadlines the Authority has for the communication of decisions.
As shown in the figure, activities classified as A + and A require an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA), preceded by an Environmental Impact Assessment and Scoping Study (EPDA). The EPDA
comprises a preliminary assessment that aims to identify potential impacts, to identify aspects that should
be studied in more detail (in specialized studies) and to verify whether a fatal flaw that could jeopardizes
the environmental and / or social viability of the project exists. The EPDA includes the Terms of Reference
to be followed in the preparation of the Environmental Impact Study. Both the EPDA Report and the EIA
are the subject of a public participation process which is documented in a Public Participation Process
Report (PPP) to be submitted to the Environmental Authority together with the EPDA and EIA reports
respectively. The approval of the EPDA allows the issuance of a Provisional Environmental License,
while the approval of the EIA leads to the Environmental Installation License (provided that the
Resettlement Plan is also presented, in those cases where it is required). The Environmental Installation
License allows the construction of the proposed activity to be carried out, but the beginning of the
operation is conditional on the issuance of the Operating License, after verification of the full compliance
with the EIA and full implementation of the Resettlement Plan.
For Category B activities, a Simplified Environmental Study is required to be prepared in accordance with
Terms of Reference previously approved by the provincial level EIA authority. The Simplified
Environmental Study (EAS) Report shall undergo a public participation process, before being submitted
to the EIA Authority.

As in category A, activities, the PPP Report is attached to the EAS Report, when submitted to the
Environmental Authority for review. The EAS approval allows the issuance of the Environmental License
for the activity, issued after payment of the environmental licensing fee.

16
Figure 4 - Environmental Impact Assessment Process as per the EIA Regulations (Decree no.
54/2015)

Activities classified as Category C are only subject to the presentation of Good Environmental Practices
Procedures to be prepared by the proponent and approved by the AIA authority (DPTADER).

The EIA process is an instrument to support the decision regarding the environmental and social feasibility
of activities. At any stage of the process, prior to the issuance of an Installation License, the Environmental
Assessment Authority may question the project’s environmental and social viability and request changes
to the project – it may also reject the project.

During the construction and operation phases, through Environmental Audits (regulated by Decree Nr.
32/2003) or Environmental Inspections (regulated by Decree Nr. 11/2006), the Environmental Authority
may supervise the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan and suspend activities, in case
of non-compliance and infractions.

17
4.1.2 Conservation Law and Regulation
The Conservation and Biodiversity Law (Law Nr. 16/2014, revised in 2017) establishes provides for the
legal establishment of Conservation Area Management Boards (CGAC), advisory bodies covering one or
more Conservation Areas composed of representatives of local communities,
the private sector, associations and local state bodies for the protection, conservation and promotion of
sustainable development and use of biological diversity.

The conservation legislation addresses the challenge of how to integrate communities residing in
conservation areas and buffer zones into the management of the local biodiversity and natural resources
therein. It provides for community involvement in protection and policing of Conservation Areas as well
as creating mechanisms for the sustainability of the Conservation Areas themselves, and, addressing the
development needs, cultural values and quality of life of the communities by: a) actively engaging them
in management of the natural resources and biodiversity to encourage their sustainable use and protection;
b) providing the option of resettling them out of the conservation areas to locations in the buffer zone that
provide comparative conditions but with the added advantage that socio-economic development may be
freely pursued; or c) legalizing Conservation Areas boundary changes excising communities from core
protected areas. The Law also:
• Legalizes public-private partnerships for CA management and for concession contracts.
• Legalizes the trial and punishment with long jail sentences of people involved in the unauthorized
use and trading in illegally obtained protected wildlife and forestry products, and those who set
fires directly affecting CA and their buffer zones.
• Presents categories for the classification of protected areas into a) total conservation areas and
b) sustainable use conservation areas.
• States that CA management plans must cohere with spatial planning instruments at all levels and
special land use plans will be required for the ecological zoning of single or clusters of CAs and
their buffer zones, ecological corridors and other areas critical to the preservation of the
ecological balance and spatial continuity elements.
• States that the interests and involvement of communities legally inside CAs and their buffer
zones, in income generating activities that promote biodiversity conservation and strengthen
conservation capacity will be key medium and long-term foci of CA management planning.
• States that community conservation areas with secured land use rights will provide communities
with area management options of partnerships and concessions to third parties.
• Indicates that buffer zone development will be guided by CA Management Plans - instruments
with the same level of juridical obligation as Land Use Plans and Environmental (and Social)
Management Plans.
• Provides for the possibility for the State to resettle people to outside of a CA if their presence is
incompatible with the legal status of the conservation area or impedes its good management.

In 2017, Law nº 5 was approved altering the 2014 Conservation Law to cover the conservation of natural
resources and biodiversity in and outside of the Conservation Area system and to introduce payment
mechanisms for managed carbon stocks and liquid losses of biodiversity as well as criminal prosecution
of violators damaging protected natural resources. The updated law is in turn further regulated by Decree
Nr. 89/2017.

18
4.1.3 Overview of Other Relevant Legal Requirements
An overview of the other legal requirements applicable to the MozBio 2 project is presented in Table 2.
For additional detail on each of these instruments, refer to Annex 2.

Table 2 - Overview of relevant legal requirements

Water Resources, Water • Water Law (Law Nr. 16/91 of 3 August)

Quality and Water Supply
• Environmental Quality Standards and of Emissions and Effluents
Regulations (Decree Nr. 18/2004, revised by Decree Nr. 67/2010)
• Regulation of public systems of water supply and wastewater
disposal (Decree Nr. 30/2003 of 1 July)

Coastal Management • Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution and Marine and Coastal
Environment Protection (Decree Nr. 45/2006 of 30 November)
• Regulation on Use of Sea Territory is covered by (Decree nr.
21/2017)

Air Emissions, Air Quality • Environmental Quality Standards and Wastewater Emission
and Noise (Decree Nr. 18/2004, revised by Decree Nr. 67/2010)

Solid Waste Management • Regulation of Solid Waste Management (Decree Nr. 13/2006)
• Regulations on the Management of Hazardous Wastes (Decree
nº83/2014)
• Regulation on Urban Waste Management (Decree nº94 / 2014)

Pesticides • Pesticides Management Regulation (Decree Nr. 6/2009 of 31

March 2009)

Land Ownership • Land Law (Law Nr. 19/2007 of 18 July) and its regulations
(Decree Nr. 23/2002)

Land Use Planning • Land Use Planning Law (Law Nr 19/2007) and its regulation
(Decree Nr. 23/2008

Cultural Heritage • Cultural Heritage Act (Law Nr. 10/88)

• Archaeological Heritage Protection Regulation (Decree 27/94, of
20 July)

Involuntary Resettlement • Decree Nr.31/2012

• Diploma Nr. 155/2014 on the Internal Regulation for Resettlement
Technical Commission
• Diploma Nr. 156/2014 Technical Guidelines for Preparation and
Implementation of Resettlement Action Plan

• Disaster Management Law (Law No. 15/2014)

• Master Plan for Disaster Risk Reduction 2017-2030
Disaster Risk Reduction in the • National Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategy
Country (2013-2025)

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 • Decree No. 26/2020: Establishes administrative enforcement
measures to the prevention and containment of the spread of
the pandemic COVID-19, effective during the State of
Emergency

4.1.4 Relevant International Conventions and Protocols

Mozambique is signatory of several international conventions and protocols. Table 3 shows
conventions ratified by Mozambique for biodiversity conservation

20
Table 3. Conventions ratified by Mozambique for biodiversity conservation

Convention Year of Biodiversity related topics

ratification
African Convention on the Conservation 1981 Recognizes the vital importance of natural resources, e.g. flora, fauna, water and soil,
of Nature and Natural Resources (Resolution 18/81) to the well-being of African populations.

Convention on International Trade in 1981 Recognizes that various species, animals and plants represent an irreplaceable part
Endangered Species (CITES) (Resolution 20/81) of natural
ecosystems.
Bamako Convention on the Protection of 1993 Recognizes the effects of changes in ozone layer on ecosystems and organisms.
the Ozone Layer (Resolution 8/93)
Framework Convention on Climate 1994 Recognizes the elevated natural greenhouse effect, caused by human activities, and
Change (UNFCCC) (Resolution 1/94) evaluates the extent they affect adversely the natural ecosystems and humankind;
also recognizes the role of terrestrial and marine ecosystems as carbon sinks.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1994

(Resolution 2/94)

Convention on the Protection, 1996 Recognizes the special characteristics of marine ecosystems (hydrographic and
Management and Development Marine ecological), and the threats they face from pollution and poor integration in the
(Resolution 17/96)
and Coastal East Africa Region development process.

Bamako Convention on the Prohibition of
Hazardous Waste Import, and controls
Transboundary movements of such
wastes in Africa
Convention to Combat Drought and
Desertification (UNCCD)
1996 Recognizes the increasing complexity of production and toxic waste and the effects
(Resolution 19/96) on human health and biodiversity.
1996 Recognizes that desertification is caused by complex interactions among physical,
(Resolution 20/96) biological, political, socio-
economic and cultural factors.

21
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 2001 Establishes mechanisms to protect biodiversity and human health risks of Genetically
(Resolution 11/2001) Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Convention on the Protection of Wetlands 2003 Recognizes the ecological importance of wetlands as regulators of hydrological
(RAMSAR) (Resolution 45/03) regimes and habitats of specific flora and fauna species (including migratory).

Stockholm Convention on Persistent 2004 Recognizes the toxic effects of pollutants on biological tissues and transported across
Organic Pollutants (Resolution 56/04) borders.

Bonn Convention on Migratory Species 2009 Recognizes the importance of conservation of special habitats of migratory species.
(CMS) –

Nagoya Protocol 2014 Supplementary agreement to the CBD for regulating access to genetic resources and
the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS).

Model of sustainability from the Provides guidelines for identifying risks and impacts from development activities,
International Financial Corporation (IFC) - ensuring the conservation aspects of biodiversity.
environmental and social performance
standards (PS 6)

22
 4.2 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Recently, with the new governmental structure, Ministery of Land Environment and Rural Development
(MITADER) was extinguished and the FNDS work closely with the Ministery of Land and
Environment (MTA) and Ministery of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADER).

The MADER mandate include:

• Promoting sustainable development through the administration, management, protection,
conservation and rational use of resources essential to agriculture and food security;
• Promoting use and sustainable development of agro-forestry resources;
• Promoting, monitoring and evaluation of agricultural and food security programmes,
projects and plans;
• Licensing of agrarian activities.

The MTA mandate include:

The MTA’s mandate includes:

• Land use planning and management;
• Management and sustainable use of forest and wildlife;
• Management of the national network of conservation areas;
• Planning, promotion and coordination of sustainable development;
• Definition and implementation of an education and awareness strategy;

The National Administration for Conservation Areas (ANAC) has autonomous financial,
administrative and property responsibility. This agency was established in 2011 aiming a greater
dynamism in the management of conservation areas in Mozambique, by promoting biodiversity
conservation initiatives, promoting the sustainable use of protected areas, and establishing
partnerships for their development. Decree nº 8/2016 updated the roles and responsibilities of
ANAC, which comprise, among others the following:

• To promote conservation activities in accordance with the policy of territorial planning

and local, national and international development
• Guarantee the effective management of conservation areas, with a view to bringing
positive impacts on the quality of life and addressing climate change;
• To stimulate scientific research and use information generated to guide the actions of
exploration and sustainable use of natural resources, including the development of game;

The National Sustainable Development Fund (FNDS) created in 2016 has the objective to promote
and finance programs and projects that ensure sustainable, harmonious and inclusive development,
with particular emphasis on rural areas. Therefore, it aims to collect, manage and invest funds linked
to environment, forestry and land, and to manage donor-funded projects, such as the WB funded
projects. This Fund is financially supervised by the Minister of Finance.

23
 Figure 6 shows the FND’s organization chart. The Project Management Sector is responsible for
managing all the projects (such as MozBio Project). Each project has a coordinator and a specific
technical team (Project Implementation Unit – PIU). Activities related with Procurement or
Finance are under the responsibility of FNDS’s Procurement and Finance Sector respectively.
Other teams under the Project Management Sector provide support to all projects on Safeguards,
Forest and National Resources, Land Value Chains and GIS mapping.
In addition, it should be noted that at provincial level DPTADER is responsible for the
environmental and social screening and the subsequent subproject’s categorization and is
responsible for conducting the environmental licensing projects of activities classified as
Category B or C.

NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FUND

Figure 6 - FNDS’s Organizational Chart

Potentially, in case of a CERC activation related to natural disaster the National Disasters
Management Institute (“ Instituto Nacional de Gestão de Calamidades – INGC”) would be
responsible for implementation since is the disaster relief agency of Mozambique. The INGC
operates under the Ministry of State Administration (MAE). INGC is responsible for coordinating
disaster risk reduction actions. In the event of disasters, INGC, in collaboration with other
government sectors (health, education, public works, agriculture, etc.), is responsible for ensuring
the coordination of the strategy for the prevention and mitigation of disasters. The FNDS currently
supervised by MADER should collaborate with INGC through this ministry. The planning and
allocation of funds is done through MAE, specifically the Planning and Cooperation Directorate.

However, in case of CERC activation in response to COVID-19, MISAU (Ministry of Health) is the
likely implementation agency since is the responsible institution for the National Health System
management in the country and provides health care services for majority of the population. Hence,
recently a CERC was activated under another project, Project Cyclone Emergency Recovery and
Resilience Project (P171040) in emergency response to COVID-19 and MISAU was identified as
24
the implementation agency. In Mozambique the leadership and coordination of the preparedness and
response to COVID-19 pandemic are part of a chain of command and control. For this purpose, the
following working committees were created: i. Inter-ministerial Commission for the Response to
the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic (COVID -19); ii. National Technical Commission for
Response to the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic (COVID-19); iii. Provincial and Municipal
Technical Commissions to Respond to the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic (COVID19).

5. THE WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES

5.1 OVERVIEW

The World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies are the basis for sustainable
poverty reduction. The aim of these policies is to prevent and mitigate potential damage to the
environment and communities generated in the development process. These policies give the
Bank and borrowers, guidelines on the identification, preparation and implementation of programs
and projects.

There are ten safeguard policies in the World Bank, created to inform decision making, ensuring
that projects financed by the Bank are environmentally and socially sustainable. These
Operational Policies include:
- Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
- Natural Habitats (OP/PB 4.04)
- Forestry (OP/BP 4.36)
- Pest Management (OP 4.09)
- Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
- Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)
- Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
- Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37)
- Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50)
- Projects in Disputed areas (OP/BP 7.60)
Table 4 presents the main objectives of each operational policy and its applicability.
MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF triggered six of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, namely OP 4.01
Environmental Assessment, OP 4.04 Natural Habitats, OP 4.36 Forestry, OP 4.09 Pest
Management, OP 4.11 Cultural Heritage and OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement.
According to OP 4.01 the proposed MozBio 2 Project activities have been categorized as Category
B. Similarly, to MozBio 1, it is anticipated that the potential direct negative environmental and
social impacts will be minor, site specific, reversible and easily manageable. Since the subprojects
investments and their potential negative localized impacts will not be firmed-up prior to appraisal,
the appropriate safeguard document to comply with OP4.01 at appraisal is an Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF). An ESMF establishes a unified process for addressing
all environmental and social safeguards issues relating to subprojects from preparation, through

25
review and approval, to implementation. Effective implementation of an ESMF will ensure that
the substantive concerns of all World Bank safeguards policies will be satisfactorily addressed.
In addition, a Pest Management Plan is required to comply with OP 4.09 - Pest Management as
well as a Process Framework to comply with OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement.

26
Table 4 – WB’ Safeguards Policies: Main Objectives, Applicability and Trigger by MozBio and GEF 7 AF
Safeguard
Main Objective
Policies
The objective of this policy is to
ensure that projects financed by the
World Bank are environmentally
sound and sustainable, and that
decision making is improved through
adequate analysis of actions and
their possible risks and
environmental impacts in the natural
environment (air, water and land);
human health and safety; social
aspects (involuntary resettlement,
indigenous peoples, and physical
cultural resources) and
OP 4.01 transboundary and global
Environmental environmental aspects. (see 5.2
Assessment below)
Applicability Application to MozBio
This policy is applicable Like MozBio 1, it is anticipated that potential direct negative
when a project or sub- environmental and social impacts will be minor, site specific,
project has potential to reversible and easily manageable. Project environmental and
cause negative social impacts will largely result from construction of civil
environmental and works for essential and necessary facilities, which will include
social impacts in its area administrative buildings, small bridges and access roads in
of influence. selected conservation areas. The construction of these
Depending on the facilities is expected to produce localized adverse
project and the nature of environmental and social impacts that are low to moderate
its impacts, various while also minimizing impacts of physical displacement.
instruments can be Potential negative impacts include, soil and vegetation
used. An ESMF is disturbance, dust emission, noise and vibration, land clearing,
required for waste generation and risks to the health and safety of
projects that comprise contractor’s workers and communities. Since details of project
several subprojects not footprint are unknown at this point, an ESMF is required that
yet identified at the shall be publicly consulted upon and disclosed in country prior
appraisal. (see 5.2 to appraisal.
below)
The project will also have social impacts resulting from
potential access restrictions to forest and natural resources
(see also OP 4.12 below. As the project will promote private
sector investments in nature-based tourism and other
developments in conservation areas, environmental and social
impacts resulting from the increase in tourism activities and
resources requirements by tourists can be expected. To
evaluate these potential social impacts to inform project
design in each CA and the application of safeguards
instruments, a Social Assessment will be conducted for each
CA during project implementation.
27
28
 Safeguard
Main Objective Applicability Application to MozBio
Policies

This policy recognizes that the conservation of
natural habitats, like other measures that protect
and enhance the environment, is essential for
long-term sustainable development.
Therefore, the Bank supports the protection,
maintenance and rehabilitation of natural
OP 4.04
habitats and their functions by funding in its
Natural Habitats
economic and sector work, project financing, and
policy dialogue. By funding projects, the Bank
expects borrowers to apply a precautionary
approach to natural resource management to
ensure opportunities for environmentally
sustainable development.
This policy is used by any Project
or sub-projects considered as
potential originator of significant
changes (loss) or degradation of
natural habitats, be it directly
(through the construction) or
indirectly (with the human activities
caused by the project).
The project’s primary objective is to protect natural habitats.
Activities will largely take place within conservation areas,
containing natural habitats. The ESMF will include guidance
to mitigate potential impacts, such as avoiding land
transformation activities in critical natural habitats, reducing
generation of waste and emission of effluents, mitigating
erosion and runoff impacts during construction (such as
sediment traps), and compensating habitat losses by
restoring habitats and vegetation cleared by project
activities

The objective of this policy is to harness the This policy is used when a project The project will protect natural forests. Some activities may
potential of forests to reduce poverty in a (i) has potential impacts on forest affect forests within conservation areas, or in their buffer
sustainable manner, integrate forests effectively health and quality and on the rights zones. Some community development activities might
into sustainable economic development, and and welfare of the people who involve the use of forest resources. The ESMF will provide
protect the vital local and global environmental depend on them; or (ii) can cause mitigation measures for potential negative impacts, such as
services and values of forests. changes on management, deforestation or forest degradation.
conservation and use of natural
Where forest restoration and plantation forests.
OP 4.36 development are necessary to meet these
Forests objectives, the Bank assists borrowers with
forest restoration activities that maintain or
enhance biodiversity and ecosystem
functionality. The Bank also assists borrowers
with the establishment and sustainable
management of environmentally appropriate,
socially beneficial, and economically viable

29
forest plantations to help meet growing demands
for forest goods and services.

30
 Safeguard Main Objective Applicability Application to MozBio
Policies
The livelihood activities supported
The objective of this policy is to minimize and manage the This policy is used if: (I) it is foreseen
under Component 3 - could support
environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use and the acquisition of pesticides or
promote and support safe, effective, and environmentally sound application equipment (both indirectly agricultural sub-projects in the
pest management. through the project, as indirectly through vicinity of Conservation Areas (CAs)
It aims to (I) promote the use of biological or environmental control co-financing or counter-parties that may lead to the use of small
methods and reduces reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides; Governments that finance); (ii) the quantities of agro-chemicals
and (ii) consolidate the legislative powers of the countries and their project can affect the Pest Management (fertilizers and pesticides). Therefore,
institutions to promote and ensure a safe pest management, even though without obtaining similarly to
effective and environmentally sound pest management. More pesticides. This includes projects which MozBio 1, this policy is triggered to
specifically, this policy aims, among other objectives to: (a) may (i) conduct extensive use of ensure the project’s compliance
OP 4.09 Determine which activities related to pest management in Bank- pesticides and the subsequent increase with
Pest financed operations is based on the principles of integration and in risk to health and environment; (ii) this Policy. Under MozBio 1, the
Management seek to reduce the use of synthetic chemical pesticides; (b) ensure maintains or expand current Borrower prepared and implemented a
that the dangers to health and environmental risks associated with unsustainable Pest Management Pest Management Plan (PMP) which
pest management, especially the use of pesticides are minimized practices, not based on the principles of has proven to be functional in
and can be managed effectively by the user. IPM, and/or significantly jeopardize promoting and supporting safe,
health or the environment. effective, and environmentally sound
Certain projects, as small-scale pest management practices. Hence,
irrigation, increase of livestock areas, the existing PMP will be updated,
etc., can result in the creation or consulted upon and publicly disclosed
expansion of pest management plans. prior to appraisal.
The objective of this policy is to assist countries to avoid or mitigate This policy is applied whenever negative
adverse impacts on physical-cultural resources resulting from impacts are expected in physical-cultural
It is possible that the project will
OP 4.11 development project activities, including mitigating measures. or religious properties (sacred areas,
affect or involve physical cultural
Physical For the purposes of this policy “physical-cultural resources” are cemeteries, cultural sites)
Cultural defined as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups All projects classified as Category A or resources due to civil works that may
Resources of structures, and natural features and landscapes that have B, which requires environmental require some excavations or earth
movements. Therefore, the ESMF
archeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, assessment under directive OP 4.01
will include provisions to apply
aesthetic or cultural significance. Such resources may be located in also, should follow this policy.
“Chance Finds” procedures in
urban or rural settings and may be above or below ground or
compliance with this policy
underwater. Their cultural interest may be at local, provincial or
requirements.
national level, or within the international community.

31
Safeguard Main Objective Applicability Application to MozBio
Policies
For all projects proposed Bank funding that This policy is trigger when the The policy is not triggered because there are no
affect indigenous peoples, the Bank Project affects direct or indirectly populations/communities in Mozambique that correspond to the
requires the borrower to undertake free, indigenous people. definition of Indigenous Peoples as described per the policy.
prior and informed consultation with
affected Indigenous Peoples to ascertain
their broad community support for projects
affecting them
The project financed by the Bank must
OP 4.10 include measures to: (a) avoid adverse
Indigenous effects on indigenous populations; or (b)
Peoples when it is not possible to avoid the effects,
minimizes, mitigates, or compensates for
such purposes.
The projects financed by the Bank are
designed with the assurance that
indigenous people receive social and
economic benefits that are culturally
appropriate and adequate gender and inter-
generations.
The objective of this policy is to (i) avoid or This policy does not cover only MozBio 2 will not finance activities requiring physical resettlement.
minimize involuntary resettlement, where physical relocation but any loss Activities will also be screened to avoid physical resettlement entirely
feasible and explore all viable alternative of income sources resulting in: and economic displacement as much as possible. The project may
project designs; (ii) assist displaced people (i) relocation or loss of shelter; cause situations involving involuntary restrictions of access to land and
OP 4.12 in improving their former living standards, (ii) loss of assets or means of natural resources in conservation areas. The livelihood restoration of
Involuntary income earning capacity, and production livelihood; (iii) loss of income people affected by the project related to resource access restrictions will
Resettlement levels, or at let in restoring them; (iii) sources or means of be addressed through a Process Framework (PF). For MozBio 2, the
encourage community participation in subsistence, whether or not the team will review and update the PF that was approved for MozBio 1.
planning and implementing resettlement; affected people must move to
The revised PF will be consulted upon and disclosed before appraisal.
and (iv) provide assistance to affected another location. This policy also
people regardless of the legality of land applies to the involuntary
No or minimal resettlement is expected with respect to infrastructure
tenure. restriction of access to legally
construction. A simplified RPF will be prepared to address screening
designated parks and protected procedures and criteria for infrastructure projects: (1) seeking to avoid

32
areas, resulting in adverse
any physical resettlement and livelihoods impacts, to the extent possible,

33
impacts on the livelihood of the
displaced persons.
In these cases, the World Bank
requires the establishment of a
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP),
based on the Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF) for any
project or sub-project.
(2) limiting potential direct asset losses to local communities to less than
20% of the PAP’s assets/income; and (3) providing the conditions to
address any unavoidable impacts. The RPF will be prepared before
appraisal and will be included as an Annex to the Project Implementation
Manual (PIM). The simplified RPF and updated PF shall be consulted
and disclosed prior to appraisal.
MozBio 2 will promote skills development and enterprise development
activities around the conservation areas aiming to encourage the people
to areas outside the CAs.
34
Safeguard Main Objective
Policies
The objective of this policy is to assure quality This policy is applied when the Bank
and safety in the design and construction of
new dams and the rehabilitation of existing
OP 4.37
dams, and in carrying out activities that may
Safety of
be affected by an existing dam.
Dams
The policy applies to the following types of
projects: (a) hydropower projects, irrigation,
flood control, navigation, drainage, supply
and sanitation, industries and similar projects
OP 7.50 involving the use or potential pollution of
Projects on water courses; and (b) detailed projects and
International engineering studies involving the nominees
Waterways above in (a), including those carried out by
the Bank, by executing agencies or any other
capacity.
The objective of this policy is to ensure that
projects in disputed areas are treated as soon
as possible: (a) so as not to affect relations
between the Bank and its member countries;
OP 7.60 (b) so as not to affect relations between the
Projects in tenderer and neighboring countries; and (c)
disputed so as not to prejudice the position of the Bank
areas or of the countries affected or interested
parties
Applicability Application to MozBio
MozBio 2 is not expected to finance activities that will include
finances: (I) projects involving the construction or rehabilitation of large dams and/or support other
construction of large dams (15 m or investments related with services of existing dams
higher) or dams representing hazard;
and (ii) a project that is dependent on
an existing dam. For small dams,
generic dam proposed by qualified
coordinators are generally adequate.
This policy is applied if (a) any river, Not applicable, since there are no activities in international
channel, lake or similar watercourse waters.
crossing two or more States, whether
members or not; (b) any tributary or
other shallow water body that is
component of any channel described
in (a); and (c) the whole bay, straits of
gulf, or channel post of two or more
States or within a State recognized as
a channel of communication with the
open sea and other States, and any
river that flows in such waters.
This policy is adopted if the proposed Not applicable, since no MozBio activity takes place in border
project is located in a "disputed" area. areas or zones of conflict with neighboring States.
Generally, occur in projects or projects
located on the borders between
States. The questions to be answered
include: Is the proposer involved in
some dispute over an area with some
of its neighbors? The project is located
in an area which is disputed? Can
some component financed or likely to
be financed as part of the project,
35
located in an area which is disputed?

36
5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (OP4.01)
As mentioned previously, Operational Policy OP 4.019 governs the World Bank’s policy on environmental
assessment, stating that all projects proposed for funding by the Bank must be subjected to a process of
environmental assessment so as to ensure environmental and social sustainability, thereby contributing to an
improvement in the decision-making process. It determines very clearly how the assessment should be linked to
the project cycle and includes information on consultation mechanisms and provides information to affected
local groups and NGOs. It establishes that the environmental assessment is initiated as early as possible in project
processing and is integrated closely with the economic, financial, institutional, social, and technical analyses of
a proposed project.

The environmental assessment must address the natural and social aspects in an integrated manner and should
take into account inter alia the country's political, national legislation and institutional capacities related to
environmental and social aspects. The environmental assessment process takes into account the natural
environment (air, water, and land), human health and safety, social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous
peoples and physical cultural resources) (to ensure compliance with the World Bank Group Environment, Health
and Safety Guidelines – EHSGs10) and transboundary and global environmental aspects.
Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's environmental assessment
requirements: environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA), regional or sectorial environmental
assessment, strategic environmental and social assessment (SESA), environmental audit, hazard or risk
assessment, environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental and social management framework
(ESMF).
The type and extent of environmental and social assessment required by the World Bank is a function of the
project's environmental impact and hence, its environmental screening category. The World Bank undertakes
environmental and social screening of each proposed subproject to determine the appropriate extent and type of
environmental and social assessment. The World Bank classifies projects into one of three categories (A, B and
C), depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project and the nature and magnitude of its
potential environmental impacts.
Category A – Requires a full environmental impact assessment. A proposed project is classified as Category A
if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or
unprecedented with attributes such as pollutant discharges large enough to cause degradation of air,
water, or soil; large-scale physical disturbance of the site or surroundings; extraction, consumption or
conversion of substantial amounts of forests and other natural resources; measurable modification of
hydrological cycles; use of hazardous materials in more than incidental quantities; and involuntary
displacement of people and other significant social disturbances. These impacts may affect an area
broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. For a Category A project, the borrower is
responsible for preparing an EIA report.
Category B – Requires an environmental assessment with a narrower scope than that of Category A
environmental assessment. The Project could have potential adverse environmental impacts on human
populations or environmentally important areas which are less adverse than those of Category A
projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation
measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of environmental
assessment for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of
Category A environmental assessment. Like Category A.

9 April 2013

10See IFC’s Performance Standards on Social and Environmental Sustainability, which include the EHS Guidelines that
are used by the World Bank Group.

37
 environmental assessment, it examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental
impacts and recommends measures required to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse
impacts and improve environmental performance.
Category C – Projects classified within this category do not require an environmental impact assessment, as
they are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further
environmental assessment action is required for a Category C project.

“For projects involving the preparation and implementation of annual investment plans or subprojects,
identified and developed over the course of the project period during the preparation of each proposed
subproject, the project coordinating entity or implementing institution carries out appropriate environmental
assessment according to country requirements and the requirements of this policy. The Bank appraises and, if
necessary, includes in the SIL components to strengthen, the capabilities of the coordinating entity or the
implementing institution to (a) screen subprojects, (b) obtain the necessary expertise to carry out the
environmental assessment, (c) review all findings and results of the environmental assessment for individual
subprojects, (d) ensure implementation of mitigation measures (including, where applicable, an EMP), and (e)
monitor environmental conditions during project implementation. The borrower/coordinating
entity/implementing institution remains ultimately responsible for ensuring that subprojects meet Bank
requirements. If the Bank is not satisfied that adequate capacity exists for carrying out the environmental
assessment, all Category A subprojects and, as appropriate, Category B subprojects--including any EA reports
- are subject to prior review and approval by the Bank.” (OP 4.01, 2013)

The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is an instrument that examines the issues and
impacts associated when a project consists of a program and/or series of sub-projects, and the impacts cannot
be determined until the program or sub-project details have been identified.

The intensity of public participation will vary with the categorization of the project. For all Category A and B
projects proposed for IBRD or IDA financing, during the environmental assessment process, the borrower
consults project-affected groups and local NGOs about the project's environmental aspects and takes their views
into account. The borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. For Category A projects, the
borrower consults these groups at least twice: (a) shortly after environmental screening and before the terms of
reference for the EIA are finalized, and (b) once a draft EIA report is prepared. In addition, the borrower consults
with such groups throughout project implementation as necessary to address EIA-related issues that affect them.
ESMFs shall also be publicly disclosed in the Bank and in country and require one national level public
consultation.
According to OP 4.01, where legal or technical capacity of the borrower is insufficient to perform the functions
associated with the environmental assessment (such as analysis, monitoring, inspections or management of
mitigating measures) for a given project, the project will include components intended to strengthen such
capacity.
In regard to disclosure of the ESMF report, the World Bank requires that the report has to be disclosed as a
separate document as a condition for Bank appraisal. The ESMF will be disclosed to the general public to meet
this requirement including in the World Bank. The date of disclosure will precede the date for appraisal of the
program.

38
6. NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK VS WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES

The World Bank safeguards policies and Mozambican legal framework on Environmental Assessment are
generally aligned in principle and objective:
• Both require screening of subproject investments in order to determine which level of
environmental assessment is needed;
• Both require detailed ESIA for projects with more significant impacts (Category A), a less detailed
EIA study for projects with less significant impacts (Category B) and no ESIA studies for projects
likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts (Category C);
• In the ESIA process, the environmental (including climate change, ecosystem services and no net
loss concept) and social (including involuntary resettlement, cultural heritage and vulnerable
groups) components are included under both systems;
• Both include the mitigation hierarchy approach;
• The Bank requires that stakeholder consultations be undertaken during planning, implementation
and operational phases of the project which is equivalent to the MTA requirements;
• In addition to ESIA, the national legal framework also regulates the approach towards
environmental audit and inspection.
The main discrepancies refer to:
• Although both EIA and WB requires ESMPs for Category B projects, the WB requires a standalone
and more detailed document;
• National legal framework does not include some of the instruments considered in OP 4.01 such as the
Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA), the ESMF or the Process Framework (PF).
• National legislation on Involuntary Resettlement does not include the avoidance principle, contrary to
OP 4.12. The plots and housing requirements are very restrictive with additional reequipments for
infrastructure and social services, independent of the number of affected persons.
• And lastly, under the national legislation, there is no specific regulation on integrated pest
management or organic agricultural production.

7. LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EMSF DURING MozBio 1

AND INITIAL PHASE OF MozBio 2

Challenges during the implementation of the MozBio 1 a nd fist year of MozBio 2 ESMF were progressively
identified and addressed. The initial delay in the disbursement of MozBio funds resulted in pressure to develop
subprojects over short timelines at a stage when the Safeguard Specialist had not yet developed adequate
knowledge and familiarity with ESMF procedures.
The lack of awareness regarding the ESMF requirements by procurement personnel, as well as by the
infrastructure and community development teams, presented another constraint resulting in tender documents
being issued without any environmental and social clauses, limiting the scope for the ESMF’s implementation
during construction works.
In addition, delays caused by the GoM’s Administrative Tribunal in approving contracts for independent
environmental consultants, contributed to the delays in the environmental assessment and licensing process for
subprojects.

39
The integration of the MozBio Safeguard Specialist within the FNDS Safeguard Team allowed for the exchange
of experiences and improvement in the application of procedures. Currently, the FNDS Safeguard Team
comprises four safeguard specialists, with each specialist responsible for specific types of projects
(infrastructure, land and forest, community development and value chains). This arrangement appears to be
more effective, allowing close collaboration within the team.
The FNDS has shown adequate capacity to implement environmental and social safeguard policies using an
integrated approach in dealing with several bank-funded projects (MozFIP, MozBio and Sustenta projects).
FNDS currently has 4 specialists at central level who are responsible for particular projects or thematic areas
but support each other in an integrated manner. There are 3 safeguards specialists at provincial level (Landscape
Management Units). These safeguards specialists are further assisted by 6 Community Officers and 30 Rural
Development Extensionists at local level.
Under MozBio 1, a total number of 18 infrastructural and community livelihoods projects were successfully
screened for Environmental and Social impacts. Of these, one third had their ESMPs prepared, disclosed and
successfully implemented in a way deemed satisfactory to the World Bank. The remaining two thirds consisted
of Category C subprojects with their associated Good Practice Manuals which also showed successful
implementation. Similarly, for the Grievance Redress Mechanism (Dialogue and Redress Mechanism), a
number of 18 grievances where recorded through different channels (e.g. mobile phone, email, letters and
personal communication) since it became fully operational in February 2018. From the grievances received, all
have been resolved.
Based on the identified challenges and lessons learnt, the following actions are recommended:

An annual training plan will be developed by the safeguards division of the FNDS. The safeguards division will
be responsible for training FNDS employees (PIU coordinators, safeguards assistants and extension workers)
and government technicians at the landscape level (SDAE, SDPI's, CA’s technicians).
Landscape safeguards assistants will train different stakeholders at the local level (Beneficiaries such as small
entrepreneurs and companies supported by the project; service providers and beneficiary communities in
general).
All training to be carried out by landscape safeguards technicians will always have a specialist from the central
safeguards division to assist.
• Develop more practical capacity building interventions on the use and application of ESMF
procedures.
• Start the preparation of the screening phase at an earlier stage of project development (during project
concept development and design for example) in order to integrate environmental and social aspects at
this early stage whilst also anticipating the subproject’s categorization;
• Develop more descriptive environmental and screening forms allowing their proper verification by the
Safeguard and WB teams;
• Develop practical templates for the ESMP and Environmental & Social Management Guidelines; and
• Improve ESMF awareness for all MozBio team members, particularly Procurement and Financial
staff.

The FNDS’s Safeguard team, with support from the WB Safeguard team, has sought to improve the ESMF
procedures by reorganizing the team (enhancing support between all the FNDS safeguard specialists and other
key specialists such as Procurement, Communication and Financial Management) as well as by developing new
templates.

The present ESMF has considered these lessons and reflects improvements aimed at assisting teams in
promoting compliance with the principles and processes contained in the ESMF during the implementation of
MozBio 2.

40
8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS OF TARGET LANDSCAPES

This section describes the overall environmental and social baseline conditions of the three CA landscapes
included in MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF:
• The Elephant Coast Conservation Area, that includes and immediately adjacent land areas in
Matutuine District;
• Landscape of Chimanimani, including the Chimanimani National Reserve, its buffer and surrounding
landscape;
• Marromeu Reserve and Coutadas 10, 11 and 14 and immediately adjacent areas in Marromeu,
Cheringoma and Muanza Districts.

The baseline provides a brief description of relevant environment and social conditions of these landscapes.

8.1 ELEPHANT COAST LANDSCAPE

The Elephant Coast Landscape is part of the Maputaland Centre of Plant Endemism, a region of
approximately 17,000 km2, which extends through Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland. It is a
Biodiversity Hotspot, well recognized for its high conservation value. The Elephant Coast Landscape has two
conservation areas – the Maputo Special Reserve (MSR), which integrates the Futi Corridor and the Ponta
do Ouro Partial Marine Reserve (POPMR), including Inhaca Island, the Licuáti Forest Reserve and the
immediately adjacent land areas in Matutine District. Both the MSR and POPMR are part of the Ponta do Ouro-
Kosi Bay Transfrontier Conservation Area, component of the Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area
(LTFCA).

The landscape presents a tropical humid climate, characterized by a dry and cold season (between May and
October) and a humid and warm season (between November and April). It is dominated by a coastal plain with
several lagoons, crossed longitudinally (S-N) by the alluvial plain of both Maputo and Futi rivers. The
Maputo River constitutes an international river shared between Mozambique, Swaziland and South Africa. The
Futi River rises in a marshy area in the south, in the Republic of South Africa, and follows a S-N direction, to
a marshy area about 15km from Maputo Bay.

The landscape has a great diversity of marshy natural habitats in the continental zone, associated with the
presence of river courses (Futi, Maputo) and lagoon systems (Xinguto, Munde) - riverine and lacustrine zones
- interspersed by terrestrial habitats often arranged in mosaics (herbaceous formations, wooded meadows,
savanna forest, savannah and bushes), in addition to relevant marine and coastal habitats. Among the forest
areas the Licuati Forest Reserve stands out due to the presence of vascular plants endemic to the Maputaland
Centre of Endemism5.
Coastal and marine habitats comprise beaches and rocky shoreline, sub-tidal reefs, mangrove forests and
intertidal sand flats, sea grass beds and estuaries11;12

The most abundant species in the MSR are hippo, reedbuck, elephant, grey duiker, red duiker, blue wildebeest
and zebra, with the giraffe population increasing steadily. The MSR is home to a breeding

11 MITUR, Maputo Special Reserve Management Plan, 2009

12 DNAC, Ponta do Ouro Marine Partial Reserve Management Plan, 2011

41
population of elephants (the last large population of elephants in Maputo Province), where the corridor along
the Futi River (Futi Corridor) is of particular importance.

Maputaland is also blessed with a wide diversity of marine species, some endemic and rare, yet some of these
species are being over-exploited, and have as a result become endangered. It is critical that the rare and endemic
species are protected and that their conservation is ensured.

The landscape is prone to floods mostly due to the torrential regime of rivers and the large areas of plain
topography, as well as a weak predictability of flood and drought events, associated with storage and discharges
from dams located in upstream countries. Flood risk is expected to increase in the southern part of the country
due to climate change13
Administratively, the landscape is located in the District of Matutine, whose headquarters is the village of Bela
Vista. The district comprises five administrative posts - Bela Vista, Catembe N'sime, Catuane, Machangulo and
Zitundo.

Originally the land inhabited to the large Tsonga population group, mostly represented by the Ronga ethnicity.
However, there are also other ethnic groups, such as Nguni (linked to both the Zulu family from the Natal
region and the Swazi14family), Matsuas of Inhambane and the Changanas from Gaza Province and the north of
Maputo. The traditional leadership structures have survived, and there are strong allegiances to the Tembe
traditional leadership in the south. The dominant mother tongue is xi-shangana, followed by xi-ronga. Due to
historical reasons of occupation, the ethnic boundaries between the population of Matutuíne District and those
on the other side of the borders with South Africa and Swaziland are very tenuous, and contacts with these
neighbouring countries are very frequent. In addition to economic exchanges, marriages are carried out across
borders, with some population groups having families on both sides of the border.

Population settlements are scattered, although more concentrated in the north, in Machangulo Peninsula, as
well as in the headquarters of the administrative posts where there is more infrastructure and social services.

There are five communities inside the MSR, with a total estimated population of 5,000 inhabitants. In 1958,
people who lived inside the present boundaries of the MSR, and who typically fished, hunted and gathered wild
foods, were forcibly relocated to the village of Salamanga and along the Maputo River. Returnees were again
removed in the late 1970s, and again later removed by the Forestry and Wildlife Authorities in 1983/4 to the
area between the Maputo and Futi rivers. People were encouraged to farm in the flood plains of the Maputo
River until a major flood in 1984 killed many of them - increasing the resentment of these communities towards
the Reserve. Other waves of out-migration took place during the peaks of civil unrest in the 1980s. More
recently, conflicts with animals and a couple of deaths have lead a few families to request the Reserve’s
assistance to leave their homes in the CA.

Family is the basis of the local social structure, although different types of structures occur in this area including
monogamic, polygamic, single parents and families headed by children (usually orphans). Traditionally, men
are the head of the family and are responsible for supporting the family group. However, because of migration
of the spouse to South Africa, divorce, widowhood or abandonment of the home by the men, there are families
headed by women.

13 Climate Changes Report”, National Institute for Disaster management, 2009.

14Note that the name of the country Swaziland has been changed to eSwatini. However, the people are still referred to
as Swazi.

42
Livelihood is based on subsistence agriculture, small animal production, hunting and fishing in rivers, wetlands
and the sea. Fishing in Matutuine District is one of the economic and subsistence alternatives for communities
living close to lagoons and along the coast. It is a predominantly male activity. Women are only involved in
harvesting of molluscs and crustaceans. Small-scale fishing is an income-generating activity for part of the
population, more specifically those that live along the coast of the Indian Ocean. There are fishermen organized
in associations selling to the Maputo city market. Overexploitation and lack of respect for the closed season are
problems that endanger the fisheries resource. Outside of the sea fishing seasons, families depend on
remittances, local labour or small trade opportunities for their livelihoods.

The main highway joining Maputo to Ponta do Ouro it was completed. This will have a major impact in the
area, placing more pressure on the reserve (plots along the road area being fenced) and the access improvement
could result in more pressure on forest resources (mainly for firewood to supply the cities of Maputo and Matola)
and also for poaching. It could also create opportunities for tourism development as well as other value chains.
Although this is rapidly changing, at present the roads are still in poor condition limited to 4 x 4 vehicles, which
has been a constraint for visitors attempting to reach the reserve.

The Special Land Use Plan for the Elephant Coast currently being prepared - along with its Strategic
Environmental Assessment - as well as the land use planning instruments 15 to be prepared in the short-term for
the main cities of the Elephant Coast Landscape (Machangulo, Bela Vista and Zitundo), is likely to contribute
towards improved management of the potential increased pressure.

This area is considered a Tourism Priority Area in the Tourism Strategy of Mozambique, investing in the areas
of nature conservation, beach tourism and recreational activities. In the Elephant Coast Landscape, Ponta do
Ouro is where tourism activities are most developed, with accommodation, restaurants and stores for tourists as
well as recreational activities, such as scuba diving and dolphin watching. Other locations with some existing
investment in tourism are Mamoli and Malongane, as well as Machangulo Peninsula. Inside the reserve, a
community-run lodge has operated for a few years (Chemucane Lodge), with plans to open a new one soon
(Milibangalala Lodge).

There are plans for an industrial development, with the construction of the port of Techobanine and associated
industrial zone, which would affect and present a threat to the reserve and its objectives.

8.2 CHIMANIMANI LANDSCAPE

The Chimanimani Landscape includes the Chimanimani National Reserve [CNR], its buffer zone, three Forest
Reserves (Maronga, Moribane and Zomba) and the adjacent land areas in the Sussundenga District. The
landscape is part of the Chimanimani–Nyanga Centre of Endemism.
The Chimanimani National Reserve (CNR)16 was established in 2003, establishing borders for a total
conservation zone (core area) and a multi-use buffer zone (CNR MP, 2010). The CNR is part of the
Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area, jointly with the Chimanimani National Park in Zimbabwe.
A management plan for the CNR was developed in 2010, identifying opportunities and threats and defining
a management strategy, which included the revision of the Core Area border, and which was officially approved
in 2013 (Decree Nr. 89/2013).

15 Plano Parcial de Urbanização (PPU)

16 Decree Nr. 34/2003; August 19

43
Other relevant areas for conservation within the landscape are the Forest Reserves of Moribane, Mpunga and
Maronga created in 1950’s.
The Chimanimani landscape climate varies from being generally humid tropical to temperate, with average
temperatures varying from 22oC in the south east lowlands to less than 18oC on the high mountains, in general
lower than in the rest of the country. The main rainy season typically starts in late November and lasts until late
March; however, some rain can be experienced throughout the year over the high mountains and foothills.
The Chimanimani landscape is shaped by the presence of the Chimanimani mountain range that rises out of
plains approximately 200m above sea level to the cool temperate mountains and plateaux at times reaching
2000m. This results in a unique landscape and environment, containing some of the most magnificent and
breath-taking mountain scenery in the whole of south east Africa. Monte Binga (2436m) - the highest mountain
in Mozambique - is part of the Chimanimani mountain range, bordering Mozambique and Zimbabwe17.
These mountains contain several water springs and rivers, which are the main water source for the Buzi River,
an important river in the central region of Mozambique.
The Lucite and Mussapa Grande Rivers drain the southern and central areas of the mountains, while in the north,
several rivers flow northward into the Chicamba Dam and then to the Revue River, which in turn flows into the
Búzi River (CNR MP, 2010). River flow is heavily influenced by rainfall, turning into torrential rivers during
the rainy period, limiting circulation both due to increase of water levels and as the result of the deterioration of
the conditions of the roads by erosion18. Despite the construction of drifts during the TFCA and MozBio 1
projects which significantly improved this situation, access is still challenging in some areas. In turn, these
climatic conditions and the abundant water availability create suitable conditions for the cultivation of various
agricultural crops, including fruit trees.
The biodiversity richness stems from the Afromontane evergreen forest and grassland area, habitat for several
species, including endemic flora and fauna species, in addition to large mammals such as sable, eland and
elephants. The latter was mainly concentrated in Moribane Forest, but the population seems to be increasing,
consequently increasing human-wildlife conflicts (mainly in Mpunga and Mahate).
The mountains have been inhabited for centuries, containing important historical sites such as rock painting
from the Stone Age and ruins dating to the time of the Great Zimbabwe period in the 14 th and 15th centuries
(CNR MP, 2010), which are areas of interest for tourists.
The main mountain ranges are home to the Ndau-speaking people in the south and centre, while Manica-
speaking communities are found in the north. Communities closer to the border with Zimbabwe have strong
connections with Zimbabwe, with families ties and social lives on both sides of the border. It is very common
for local men to emigration to Zimbabwe or to other districts or provinces in search of opportunities.
Zione is the predominant religion, strongly based on the relationship with the natural environment, with many
sacred sites associated with natural resources, including sacred forests. Polygamy is a common practice which
seems to contribute to early marriages, as there is a practice of compensating the bride’s family, often in cash.
In polygamous families the hierarchy of wives reflects the order of the man’s marriages – consequently, the first
wife has a higher standing, which in most cases leaves the subsequent and last wives in a more vulnerable
position. Women are responsible for taking care of the house and children, for collecting firewood and water
(the latter two are usually under the responsibility of the younger wives). Traditionally the land is owned by the
man and upon his death the man’s family may claim all the assets and land from the wife(s). This has
implications on women’s.

17 Chimanimani National Reserve Management Plan, 2010

18 Júlio Chirondo (RNC), personal communication

44
relationship with land, where women tend not to make long-term investments on the land, since in case of the
death of the husband they stand to lose all assets. Therefore, in the context of the subprojets, projects with
immediate results are more attractive to the local women19. Domestic violence is common. There is a wide-
reaching domestic violence awareness program being implement by the government, including in Sussundenga
District and its administrative levels, informing about the associated penalization.
According to the INE, Sussundenga district has an illiteracy rate of 42,9% (higher than the average illiteracy
rate of Manica Province – 38,6%). Secondary school attendance has recorded an increasing proportion of girls
attending in relation to boys. The last available data (2011) indicates that girls represented 40,6% of students in
this school level. This increase in secondary school attendance by girls is probably the result of the government’s
effort to increase the number of schools (currently all admirative posts of Sussundenga District have secondary
schools) as well as the campaigns developed by NGOs such as Save the Children, promoting that girls go to
school.
There are no population settlements in the high mountain ranges and plateaux. Settlements can be found in the
surrounding foot hills and valleys, where irrigation is practiced using furrows channelling water from rivers to
the fields where wheat, barley and vegetables are grown (CNR MP, 2010). There are some communities inside
the Total Protection Zone (TPZ), such as Mussapa Matsiane, Nhabawe, Mahate, Mazundzu, Munawia and
Maronga20. The revision of the CNR border (2013) led to the removal of communities that were located in the
fringes of the TPZ’s21. However, the 2017 population census indicates a higher population number inside the
TPZ, than was expected - this is being investigated by the CNR administration. The current figures indicate
the presence of approximately 500 families, which is higher than expected. This figure could be an
overestimation (incorrectly including inhabitants inside the buffer zone), according to the Chief of Mussapa
locality, and could result from the limited coverage area of the 2007 Census 22 or it could be a direct result of
encroachment. Satellite imagery23 indicates recent incursions in the southern area, which will be demarcated
within the ROAM exercise for boundary identification of degraded areas, to be visited by the RNC staff as soon
as the level of the rivers allows access24. The development of new agriculture and forestry25 projects in
Sussundenga and surrounding districts, has led to migration and settlement in the area that could also be one
cause of the population increase in the buffer zone and possibly in the TPZ 26. During the site visit an increase
in households along the Mussapa Pequeno valley was observed, on the TPZ side, which reportedly is a result of
natural population increase with younger households seeking available areas to settle close to the river.
Livelihoods are based on productive agriculture, use of wild fruits, plants, animals and fish. Agriculture and
the use of natural resources (land, wood, gold trade) are the main economic mainstay of the communities.
Beekeeping was successfully introduced by Eco-MICAIA27 through the establishment of a value chain by the
creation of the Mozambican Honey Company (MHC) that buys, processes, packs and distributes honey at
national level, with plans to export.
The recent (2014) upgrade of the Chimoio - Sussundenga road to a tarmac road has strongly boosted the
economic development of Sussundenga District, which is resulted in the establishment of new large
agriculture areas, mainly fruit trees (one litchi project and five projects of macadamia and avocado) established
by foreign investors (South African and Australian). Two other projects are expected – vine and sugar-cane.
There are livestock farms (mainly owned by Mozambicans), with

19 Milagre Nuvunga (MICAIA), personal communication

20 Contardo (RNC), personal communication
21 Milagre (MICAIA), personal communication
22 Tomás Rice Mugadui (Chief of Mussapa locality), personal communication
23 Milagre Nuvunga (MICAIA), personal communication
24 Contardo (RNC), personal communication
25 Such as the Portucel Project, funded by IFC

26 Contardo (RNC), personal communication

27 Social enterprise created by MICAIA Foundation

45
an increase expected due to the establishment of a dairy plant in the AP of Moha28. One granite quarry is in
operation and another is in the exploration phase. It should be noted that the Companhia do Vanduzi 29 has
extension activities to outgrowers within Sussundenga District, promoting the production of vegetables for
export. Recently the company established a dairy processing plant in Chimoio. The World Bank’s PROIRRI
Project, aimed at improving irrigation schemes to raise farm productivity, rehabilitated an irrigation scheme in
Mussapa Pequeno valley (buffer zone) and improved its access road. In the same area MozBio 1 established
synergies with PROIRRI and the Companhia do Vanduzi, introducing conservation agriculture practices in an
irrigation scheme rehabilitated by PROIRRI, where small farmers started producing crops for Companhia do
Vanduzi. The second phase of PROIRRI, named the IRRIGA Project will continue to implement activities in
Sussundenga District, having already identified target areas to install irrigation schemes. The Manica Provincial
Government has been encouraging an increase in agricultural production, which in some cases has led to
conflicts with natural resource protection objectives in the buffer zone and forest reserves. Sussundenga District
also has a high potential for forestry. In the 1980’s the IFLOMA Project comprising large plantations of pine
and eucalyptus was established in Rodanda, inside the buffer zone.
The upgrade of the Chimoio – Sussundenga road has not yet boosted tourism, as expected. Political and security
instability (from 2012 - 2017) resulted in a decrease in tourism across the country, but especially in Manica and
Sofala provinces. While in 2011 the total number of tourists was over 200, in 2017 it decreased to approximately
50 for the entire calendar year. The lack of tourism infrastructure is considered a current constraint.
Accommodation is limited to the Ndzou Camp (run by Eco-MICAIA in Moribane Forest Reserve) and a few
tents and a camping area in the CNR Headquarters. It should be noted that some community guides trained
during the TFCA Project are still requested to guide tourists to Monte Binga and waterfalls, which is a relevant
but weak source of income. Tourism is seen as an opportunity for community development as well as a source
of income for the CNR. In Zimbabwe, before the political and economic crisis, the Chimanimani National Park
received a high number of tourists per year (12.700 tourists in 1999, of which 4800 were foreigners) 30. The
improvement of the political environment in both countries is creating an opportunity for eco-tourism
development (mountain and culture tourism). The continuous increase of scientific expeditions should be noted,
namely through the MICAIA Foundation that has partnering agreements with universities in the United
Kingdom.
One of the largest threats that the CNR has faced has been the presence of illegal gold panners. The CNR
Management Plan refers to the presence of thousands of miners (mainly Zimbabwean) within the TPZ since
2004, reporting the serious challenges in dealing with the problem. Due to the recent reduced availability of the
resource and the rudimentary techniques used, as well as the improvement in the economic situation in
Zimbabwe, most of the mining has now been abandoned within the TPZ, although a few cases are still reported 31.
In the buffer zone there are also artisanal mining sites at the foot of Mount Tsetsera and along some rivers,
namely the Lucite River. In Tsetsera, an association of artisanal miners was established, and sustainable
practices training was provided resulting in the improvement of environmental conditions. However, serious
water quality problems affect the Lucite River, mainly due to illegal mining activities in Zimbabwe. Recently,
a joint multi-sectoral meeting was held with representatives of the Zimbabwean and Mozambican Governments
and a joint committee was established to define an action plan to address this problem32. It should be noted that
gold artisanal mining activities have been associated with violence and criminality.

28 Castigo Mouzinho Bofane (Director of SDAE), personal communication

29 Agrobusiness company that exports vegetables to RAS and European
countries (http://www.fundocatalitico.co.mz/pages/projecto-de-chirodzo)
30 CNR Management Plan, 2010
31 Júlio Chirondo and Contardo (RNC), personal communication
32 Lionel da Silva Massicane (CNR Administrator)

46
Uncontrolled fires are also a concern, though the importance of regular fires is recognized for the maintenance
of the Chimanimani ecosystem, as a great part of its endemic flora is fire dependant. The implementation of
beekeeping and small-scale commercial agriculture projects have been contributing to the reduction of
uncontrolled fires33.
There are Natural Resources Management Committees established in the communities within the TPZA and
buffer zone. The distribution of 20% of the revenue delivered to CNR by ANAC is based on the community
performance in natural resource conservation.

8.3 MARROMEU COMPLEX LANDSCAPE

The Marromeu Complex Landscape is located in the central region of Mozambique, in the Zambezi River Delta.
It comprises most of the Ramsar’s Wetland of International Importance in the south bank of the Zambezi
Delta, including the Marromeu National Reserve, Coutadas 10, 11, and 14, the Nhapacué and Inhamitanga
Forest Reserves and adjacent land areas in Marromeu, Cheringoma, and Muanza Districts. The Landscape is
part of the Zambezian Coastal Flooded Savanna ecoregion, a flat alluvial plain irrigated by the Zambezi
River Delta.
The climate is tropical humid, with an average annual temperature of 25ºC and an annual total rainfall of
1200mm. The landscape is marked by plains with altitudes varying between 0 and 200 m, crossed by numerous
rivers that constitute the delta, particularly the Zambezi River.
The hydrographic network has a natural seasonal hydrological regime, with floods during the rainy season.
The construction of Cahora Bassa dam, which has been in operation since the 1970s, has reduced seasonal
flooding and increased erosion of the main river bed in the delta, altering the natural hydrography and habitats
that depended on it. The Salone River, which drained seasonally from the Zambezi River to the Marromeu
Complex Landscape, failed to do so due to erosion on the Zambezi River. This area is prone to floods and is
vulnerable to increased flooding and saline intrusion due to climate change Alluvial soils are highly suitable for
agriculture and pasture (MITADER, 2015).
The landscape includes a variety of habitats ranging from Zambezian coastal flooded savanna, coastal dunes,
grassland, freshwater swamps, dambos associated with miombo forest, mangroves and seagrass beds. These
habitats are of great importance for several avifauna species, but also for populations of buffalo and antelope
amongst others. In the 1960’s, the area’s buffalo population was considered one of the largest in the world –
however, as a result of the years of armed conflict and slaughtering campaigns carried out in the 1980’s, it
sharply declined. Indications are that in recent years the buffalo population has been growing – should the
growth trend continue, the number of individuals may reach values close to those before the civil war (MICOA,
2014).
People living in the Zambezi Delta site are ethnically Sena and this is also the predominant language. The
majority are Phozo ethnic groups from Luabo in Zambezia, Sena people from Cheringoma, Caia, Mutarara,
Morrumbala and Mopeia, as well as some Macua, Chuábo, Ndau and Ngoni who originally came as labour to
the plantations. Many new immigrants still come in search of employment and to hunt illegally. Local traditional
leadership is still very influential.
The Marromeu Complex Landscape covers the Marromeu, Cheringoma and Muanza districts of Sofala
Province.
The highest concentrations of settlements are to the northeast of the Marromeu Complex Landscape, along the
strip between the R219 road inside the northern boundary of Coutada 11 and the Zambezi River, and to the
southwest in the vicinity of Inhaminga. The high population figures of Coutada 11 refer to the area north of the
railway line as far as the northern boundary. The principal urban settlements on the periphery of the Marromeu
Complex Landscape are the district centres of

33 Júlio Chirondo and Contardo (RNC), personal communication

47
Marromeu and Inhaminga, and also Chupanga. Outside of these urban centres, the alluvial areas along the banks
of the Zambezi River extending in places onto the floodplain, support markedly higher densities of settlement
than elsewhere in the complex. The other Coutada with a high resident population is Coutada 14 due to an
overlap of boundaries and the encroachment of the Sena Sugar Company, in an area of around 7,000ha, into the
Coutada. There are settlements inside the sugar cane plantations (Companhia do Sena) as these were historically
permitted and these have grown. Settlements along the MNR’s coast, are seasonal, based on hot wet season
high fishery productivity. Fishers and traders arrive from Zambézia, Sofala and even Tanzania and stay in the
area temporarily.
It is estimated that a total population of 4,400 inhabitants live inside the MNR and about a total of 43,000
live inside the Coutadas. Coutadas 10 and 11 attempted some resettlement, but without success. Part of the
resident inhabitants between the northern boundary of Coutada 11 and the Zambezi River were resettled there
by INGC, following the floods of 2000.
In 2017, 69 cases of human-wildlife conflict were recorded in Marromeu District. Most destruction of crops
were caused by hippopotamus (43 cases), followed by buffalo (10 cases) and attacks by crocodiles (16 cases).
These 69 cases resulted in 5 deaths and 2 injuries. Compared to 44 cases in 2016 that resulted in 5 deaths and 1
wounded, there was a growth in cases of 56.8%.
Livelihoods are based on subsistence agriculture, complemented by extensive use of local resources to
supplement diets and income and to fulfil basic needs for items such as fuel, shelter, household items and
medicine. Sweet potato and rice are grown in the flood plains. Limited income is available from jobs in the
Coutadas. The largest employer is the Sena Sugar Company which draws in 3-4000 migrants at peak periods
of the year. This employment seasonality influences local social dynamics - more cases of social ills incidents
are recorded during the working season, with more thefts being recorded during those times when worker
numbers hired by Companhia do Sena decrease. The latter is the main private economic activity in the
Landscape. Companhia do Sena occupies approximately 5,000 ha with the possibility of expanding its activity
to another 15,000 ha (MITADER, 2015). All of the Coutada operators are hunters (except Coutada 12) and
conduct legally required benefit sharing with communities inside their boundaries. Meat from all animals hunted
is provided to communities who also all receive 20% of revenue back from the GOM - even if late. In Coutada
11, communities also receive a community quota, but the community is not clear on how this quota is calculated.
In the District of Marromeu, about 10% of single-parent households are headed by women. In some cases, in
the family structure, there are polygamous families. In these families all women depend economically and
financially on the first wife of the husband who is called "older woman" regardless of age and is the manager
of all of the family’s property.
Literacy rates are low, under 10% in some areas, with a large disparity between the genders, with significantly
higher levels of illiteracy in women. Less than half of all students are girls.

48
9. KEY POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS

The main objectives of the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF Project are to improve management of target conservation
area landscapes and to enhance the living conditions of communities around these conservation areas.
Therefore, the implementation of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF subprojects will result in positive impacts on
biodiversity and environmental conditions in target conservation areas and their landscape, as well as in the
improvement of the living conditions of communities directly impacted by the subprojects. Social benefits are
expected to include the creation of job opportunities (including for women), improvement in income generation
by the establishment of new value chains and improvement in community organization and skills development.
MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF was classified as a Category B Project since potential direct adverse environmental
and social impacts will be minor, site specific and easily manageable.
Within the target CAs, Component 2 activities (Table 5) will include the construction of infrastructure and
facilities that could result in environmental and social impacts. It will comprise the construction or rehabilitation
of new buildings in their headquarters (for staff and visitor’s accommodation in the CNR and training center in
the MSR) and the improvement of accesses in both CAs. For MSR the development of a major tourism
development program is planned, as well as the additional translocation of animals, while the facilitation of the
establishment of a community-private partnership for a tourism camp is planned for CNR.
Table 5 – Planned activities within the CAs (Component 2), with potential environmental and/or social
impact

Maputo Special Reserve (MSR)

• Infrastructure development, including a connection road to the park entrance/headquarters’ building
and an all-weather game loop in its vicinity, construction of additional staff housing and rehabilitation
of a Training Centre
• A major tourism development program that includes the marketing of three beach concessions
(Membene, Dobela and Milibangalala) and other potential tourism sites within the reserve, the
development of tourism products such as 4x4 trails, and development of local operators, and
• Additional translocation of animals.

Chimanimani National Reserve (CNR)

• Update of the Management Plan with clear ties to the Zimbabwe side of the trans-frontier
conservation area,
• Open and maintain roads, crossings, trails and signage,
• Construct staff houses and an education centre,
• Facilitate community-private partnership for a tourism camp at the base of the various trails
Marromeu National Reserve (MNR)
• Construct an office and staff housing including water and electrical supply as well as grading of the
access road to the reserve.

Adverse impacts due to construction of buildings will be very localized, in areas that are already disturbed (with
minor impacts). In the case of the opening of new or improvements to access roads, adverse impacts will occur
throughout the corridor, in greater magnitude and significance, including loss of vegetation, habitat
fragmentation and communities. On the other hand, construction works constitute an employment opportunity
for local people, which is a positive impact.
The opening, rehabilitation or upgrade of roads, in addition to benefiting the CA’s management would also
contribute to an increase in tourist numbers, since the current poor conditions constitute a limiting

49
factor. The same will happen following the establishment of a major tourism development program in the MSR
and tourism camps in the CNR. These are likely to bring benefits due to the creation of new sources of income,
although it could also have implications on the existing social structures and dynamics, as well as affect local
communities’ access to natural resources. Social Assessments (SA) will be carried out during implementation
to evaluate the potential social impacts of the specific activities selected in each of the larger landscapes and to
inform project design and monitoring in each landscape and the application of safeguards instruments. The
TORs of the SA will be integrated in the Project Implementation Manual (PIM). While the team intends to
initiate these as soon as possible, it is not necessary to complete them before appraisal, as the results can be
taken into account in the ongoing design and implementation of community projects, stakeholder engagement,
and impact management, and can also be included as updates to the PIM if necessary.
It is not expected that there will be a need for involuntary displacement of populations, but damage to assets or
property may occur and will require adequate compensation in accordance with the MozBio 2 Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF).
Outside the Conservation Areas, under Component 3 of MozBio 2, the project foresees the strengthening of
landscape zoning, the promotion of access to finance for the development of value chains compatible with
conservation, the construction of basic social infrastructures and promotion of land restoration (conservation
agriculture, reforestation and reduction of deforestation) in the target landscape (Table 6). At present, activities
under the value chains are yet to be defined. Value chain specialists are expected to be contracted during the
first stage of MozBio 2 implementation to develop the required business plans defining the potential value-
chain activities. Table 8 lists key potential environmental and social impacts associated with possible activities
under the proposed value chains, which shall be revised during the preparation of the business plans.
The natural increase in animal numbers within Conservation Areas could lead to an increase in the potential for
human-wildlife conflict both within the CA and the buffer zone, including an increase in safety concerns
(fatalities have been recorded inside the CA). This could lead to the need for resettlement (voluntary or
involuntary) of families to areas of lower risk, which will also require the application of the RPF. The
management of this process and associated impacts will be discussed in greater detail in MozBio 2’s RPF.

Agricultural, livestock and forestry projects can have an impact on land occupation, cause habitat
transformation and fragmentation, affect the availability of water for downstream users, and result in soil and
water pollution as a result of pesticide, fertilizers and antibiotic misuse, depending on the type of activity.
Activities that involve the processing of agricultural, forestry, livestock or fishing value chain products may in
addition generate effluents, residues and odors that affect the quality of the environment and the health of
populations requiring the adoption of specific environmental management measures.

Table 6 - Planned activities outside the CAs (Component 3), with potential environmental and/or social
impact

Elephant Coast Landscape (ECL)

• Zoning plan based on the Special Land Use Plan (PEOT) that is already underway
• Potential value-chain activities may include support for:
- Fisheries associations in the bay area of the marine reserve,
- Private tourism investment or community/private-sector joint ventures
- Establishment of CCA along the Futi Corridor with value chain activities that may include game
(wildlife) and cattle farming,
- Conservation-compatible livestock schemes, as well as
- Natural resource mapping of the communities living immediately adjacent to the Reserve. It will help to
produce a Management and Business Plan for Licuat
- Sustainable charcoal production

Chimanimani Landscape (CL)

50
 • Full buffer area zoning plan
• Potential value-chain activities may include support for:
- Tourism private or community/private joint ventures;
- Establishment of one or several CCAs - private or community- owned-with value chain that may include
wildlife and cattle farming;
- Artisanal mining, forestry or conservation-compatible agriculture - e.g. eucalyptus, coffee, honey
schemes;
- More socially flexible schemes designed to help the households that wish to relocate from within the
reserve.
- Restoration of Critical habitats.
-
Marromeu Complex Landscape (MCL)
• Potential value-chain activities may include support for:
- Fisheries associations in the estuary and coastal area,
- Private or community/private joint ventures in tourism or sport hunting,
- NTFP, forestry or conservation-compatible agriculture - e.g. Cashew nuts, honey, crocodile eggs
- More socially flexible schemes designed to help the households that wish to relocate from within the
reserve
- Restoration of Critical habitats.

Both zoning plans foreseen to be undertake for the ECL and CL could have environmental and social
implications associated with limitations on access to land and natural resources use. The ECL will be based on
the PEOT and its associated Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA). Both zoning plans shall
also have associated SESAs to ensure adequate integration of environmental and social matters.
The environmental and social aspects that could be directly affected by the foreseen subprojects’s activities are
listed in Table 7.

Table 7 – Environmental and Social Aspects potentially affected by the foreseen subprojects’s activities

Environment Aspects
• Soils: which may be eroded due to civil works or agriculture activities and/or polluted with solid
wastes, pesticides, leakage or spill of hazardous materials and;
• Water resource: including freshwater and seawater which could be affected by abstractions and diversions
or due to the discharge of fertilizers, nutrients, different chemicals to be used for pest management, civil
works, oil spills, etc.;
• Air quality: which has the potential to be negatively affected by dust generated from the various
construction/rehabilitation and project operations as by pollutant (including greenhouse gases) emissions
from vehicles, machinery (including diesel generators);
• Noise environment: generated from the various activities during civil works as well as during some project
operations
• Vegetation: may be locally affected due to clearance for construction and even rehabilitation of new
infrastructures, tourism and community development projects;
• Fauna: can be disturbed during construction and operation activities;
• Landscape: that can be affected by new infrastructures, tourism and community development projects

Social Aspects
• Loss of access to resources and livelihoods
• Physical displacement and/or loss of land and/or other assets

51
 • Employment: positive impact for local communities
• Conflicts with local community: due to use of natural resources and/or cultural “foreigner” workers and
visitors
• Public health: increase spread of diseases, as sexual transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS), and water-borne
diseases.
• Public safety: accidents with vehicles/machinery and pedestrians)
• Health & Safety of construction workers
• Cultural heritage: destruction or disturbance of cemeteries, sacred sites or sites with
archaeological, historical or aesthetic value.

The preliminary identification of potential key environmental and social impacts associated with subprojects
that at present, are expected to be funded under Components 2 and 3 (as listed in Section 2.3) are listed in Table
8. This is a generic list. Each subproject will be screened and assessed based on the nature and scale of the
activities and impacts, as well as the sensitivity of the environment and community. The mitigation measures
will be project-specific.
A more detailed version of this table is contained in Annex 7, to assist the Safeguards Specialists in the
preparation of the ESMP.

Table 8 – Key Potential Environmental and Social Impacts per Type of Project
CIVIL WORKS: Infrastructure such as roads, bridges, drifts, buildings (accommodation, offices), water supply,
sanitation.

Key Impacts
Buildings
• Conflicts over access to land / ownership of land.
• Disturbance to natural habitats.
• Soil erosion.
• Noise and dust generation.
• Natural resource extraction.
• Disturbance to natural landscape.
Roads
• Conflicts over access to land / ownership of land.
• Disturbance to natural habitats.
• Soil erosion and associated sediment discharge after rain events.
• Noise and dust generation and associated nuisance to road users / neighbours / crops (dust).
• Injuries or fatalities resulting from vehicle accidents.
• Spread of communicable diseases.
• Non-local workers / migrants who may disrupt traditional lifestyles and authority structures
• Temporary or permanent damage to or loss of assets, loss of access to resources.
• Disruption / damage to graves and physical and cultural resources.

AGRICULTURE: Community agriculture, Irrigation agriculture, Ecological agriculture, Semi-industrial agriculture and Horticulture

52
 • Disturbance to / fragmentation of natural habitats resulting from land take.
• Soil erosion.
• Dust generation.
• Introduction of genetically modified species.
• Natural resource use resulting from water abstraction.
• Diversion of water from other users – reducing water availability for downstream / competing users.
• Soil and water pollution / overloading / leaching resulting from the improver / overuse of fertilizers and pesticides.
• Spills or leaks of hazardous substances resulting in soil and water pollution.
• Impact on local subsistence livelihoods.
• Temporary or permanent damage to or loss of assets, loss of access to resources.
• Conflicts over access to land / ownership of land.

LIVESTOCK FARMING: Cattle, poultry, pigs

• Disturbance to / fragmentation of natural habitats resulting from land take.

• Temporary or permanent damage to or loss of assets, loss of access to resources.
• Conflicts over access to land / ownership of land.
• Reduced air quality and nuisance resulting from (intensive) livestock farming odour exposure.
• Soil and water pollution / overloading / leaching resulting from the overuse of pesticides.

FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS: Forest plantation, Non-wood forest resource use, Honey production, charcoal production

• Disturbance to / fragmentation of natural habitats resulting from land take.

• Biodiversity impacts (habitat reduction / transformation)
• Temporary or permanent damage to or loss of assets, loss of access to resources.
• Conflicts over access to land / ownership of land.
• Natural resource use resulting from water abstraction.
• Diversion of water from other users.

• Exacerbate use of forest areas for charcoal production can be increase destruction/fragmentation of natural habitats and desecration of
historic sites
• Soil and water pollution / overloading / leaching resulting from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides.
• Impacts on existing / neighbouring and fauna and changes to natural cycles. .
• Fire risks – monoculture / high risk

AQUACULTURE
• Disturbance to / fragmentation of natural habitats due to land take.
• Temporary or permanent damage to or loss of assets, loss of access to resources.
• Biodiversity impacts (habitat reduction / transformation)
• Introduction of exotic / species which will compete with existing species, leading to changes in species composition.
• Natural resource use resulting from water abstraction.
• Diversion of water from other users – reducing water availability for downstream users.
• Reduced water quality of the receiving environment as a result of discharge of effluent / release of pond water into the natural
environment
• Overuse of antibiotic may result in persistence of antibiotics in natural environment and development of resistance.
• Soil and water pollution / overloading / leaching resulting from the overuse of pesticides.
• Disease outbreak affecting neighbouring / downstream communities.

53
 TOURISM: Ecotourism, conservation product markets, accommodation, recreational facilities, game farms
Increased tourist numbers
• Transformation / fragmentation of natural habitats from overexploitation
• Induced development along access routes (kiosks, farms, housing, accommodation)
• Destruction or desecration of historic sites
• Conflicts in natural resource use
• Impacts on social dynamics

Game farms
• Introduction of game species leading to human/wildlife conflict.

VALUE-CHAIN / PROCESSING
General food/plant processing
• Untreated discharge of wastewater and sludges, contaminating water bodies
• Inappropriate disposal of wastes
• Noise
• Odours
• Health and Safety – occupational injuries

Infrastructure: new or upgraded market places, road upgrades

• Refer to civils works section above.

Value-chain logistics
• Increased road traffic impacting on safety of other road users
• Competition for utilities – power, water, mobile phone
• Competition for jobs and resulting impact on community structure and dynamics

Forest/Restauration
• Loss of cultivation areas considered potential for agriculture, (Example: river falls, wetlands, degraded areas wich is
customary practices);
• Introduction of exotic/species which will compete with existing species, leading to changes in species composition.

Cumulative impacts describe spatially or temporally accumulated changes that result from the disturbances of
one or more resource sector activities. The changes may be positive or negative and withstood by any number
of wildlife and ecosystem elements in a manner that may be additive or synergistic, direct or indirect, continuous
or sporadic. Cumulative effects of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF interventions tend to be reflected on air, soils,
water, aquatic organisms, and wildlife. They can also be felt in the social and economic sphere.

Ideally for each subproject the following should be done: (i) definition of goals, indices, and landscape
indicators; (ii) conducting impact assessment; and (iii) preparing the final report. ESIAs/ESMPs should also be
used to complement the broader land use and resource use plans. Using the land and resource use plans the
provincial and district governments should endeavor to strengthen collaboration between investisments.

It is a known fact that a good land use plan and siting of interventions goes a long way towards achieving impact
avoidance and minimization. Adequate coordination between the project and other locally based projects
including strengthening educational actions and active law enforcement against negative practices will
constitute an added cumulative benefit.

There is enough evidence and reasons to believe that the impact of the subprojects under the MozBio 2 and GEf
7 AF, will be limited, with local character and confined mainly to the installation/construction/implementation
phase. However, because they will take place near other interventions initiated by all sorts of
operators/investors, i.e. household, micro, small, medium and large in areas such as forests, agriculture, tourism,
infrastructure, artisanal mining etc. they will have the potential of contributing to increased significance for the
receiving natural and social environment.

54
Increased pressure on soil, water and vegetation are of importance for this project. For instance, in Chimanimani
Landscape artisanal mining activities occupy an important position in local economies. The demographic influx
at Ac's buffer zone are another factor. These may pose considerable stress on natural resources result of
inappropriate land use practices or overexploitation of resources.

A notable residual impact of the project contributes to reducing deforestation. The project's intervention mainly
from components 1 and 2 of the project contribute to the reduction of deforestation. Results from the recent
report of the FNDS MRV Unit (Monitoring Report and Verification Unit) show that in the Zambezia/Gile
Reserve and Sussundenga /Chimanimani Reserve, was reduced desforestation (See more details on the link:
http://www.fnds.gov.mz/mrv/)

In regard to the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF contribution to increasing the role of women’s potential in society it
should be stressed that in the short, medium and even long term the project encompasses elements which will
help to enhance the role of women and vulnerable groups in access, use and management of natural resources
through actions training and capacity building and dissemination/adoption of alternative technologies including
those related with more effective use of biomass, entrepreneurship, and business opportunities.

Therefore, the AF will reinforce mitigation measures that are proportionate and adequate to the scale of
anticipated cumulative risks and impacts.

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11. GUIDELINES FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION

10.1 INTRODUCTION

The comparative analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process legally established in Mozambique
(EIAR - Decree Nr. 54/2015) with the World Bank’s OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment indicates parallels
between the two.

As in MozBio 1, all subprojects shall be subjected to a review and screening process in order to determine the
level of required environmental and social assessment. As stated in Chapter 9, subprojects under Components
2 and 3 would potentially generate environmental and social impacts within the CA (infrastructures) or within
the surrounding landscape (community development subprojects under Component 3).

This section of the ESMF describes the process for ensuring that environmental and social concerns are
adequately addressed through institutional arrangements and procedures employed by MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF
for managing the identification, preparation, approval and implementation of subprojects, throughout the
subproject cycle.

Figure 7 presents the environmental and social management steps to be followed, during the subproject cycle.

56
Figure 7 - Environmental and Social Management Steps and Stakeholders, during the Subproject
CycleThe following sections detail tasks for each project phase.

Key stakeholders and their responsibilities for ESMF Implementation are summarized in Chapter 11
– Institutional Organization.

57
10.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING

The objective of the Environmental and Social Screening step is to ensure that proposed subprojects are subject
to the appropriate type and extent of environmental and social assessment, crucial to ensuring compliance with
OP 4.01. As discussed earlier (Section 4.1), the environmental licensing process regulated by the EIAR, also
starts with this step.

Screening of subprojects (see Figure 8) shall commence at the time of project identification when the basic
subproject details are known, including nature and scope, proposed location and area, among other available
information.

The Environmental and Social Screening Checklist (Annex 3) will be prepared by the Safeguard Specialist based
in the CA LMU, in collaboration with the assistants involved in the preparation of the subproject proposal, with
support from the CA Co-management structure and district directorates. It will require close interaction with the
team involved in the preparation of the subproject proposal, as well as desktop study and site reconnaissance.

The checklist comprises six sections, as follows:

1. Subproject identification
2. Description of activities (supported by specific tables for different types of projects in the Appendix of
the Checklist – Buildings, Roads, Agriculture, Forestry & Forest Resources, Livestock, Aquaculture,
Tourism, Processing Activity)
3. Site description (environmental and social conditions)
4. Stakeholder engagement
5. Initial screening of impacts and impact management
6. Subproject categorization

Thus, the Screening Checklist will provide information about the proposed subproject activities (type and scale),
the environmental and social conditions of the proposed subproject area and any concerns / expectations
identified by stakeholders.

This information will assist in the identification of the nature and magnitude of the potential in turn
environmental and social impacts and risks, which will be the basis for the subproject
categorization by the FNDS Safeguard Team.

The FNDS Safeguard Team will revise the Screening Checklist and require any additional clarification in order
to categorize the subproject under OP4.01 and the foreseen categorization based on the EIAR. The final
screening form will be submitted to the WB for review and approval.

The Screening Checklist will provide inputs to complete the Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet
(Annex 4).

58
 Figure 8 - Screening process

The FNDS Safeguards Team will submit the results of the safeguards screening to the World Bank, proposing
a categorization. As the MozBio 2 Project was classified by the WB as a Category B Project, any subproject
classified as Category A or A+ will not be eligible for funding under MozBio 2. Therefore, all MozBio 2
subprojects will be classified as Categories B or C.

The FNDS Safeguard Team will be responsible for preparing the required environmental and social assessment
and management instruments (ESMP and ESM Good Practices Guide), except in the case of a subproject
categorized by the DPTADER, as Category B, where the required Simplified ESIA and ESMP have to be
prepared by a third party Environmental Consultant registered with MTA or when the WB request independent
preparation of an ESMP. For both of these exceptions, the Safeguard Team shall prepare terms of Reference for
Consultancy Services. Before submission to WB for no-objection, the FNDS Safeguard team will review the
ESMP in order to ensure compliance with WB requirements.

The WB categorization could differ from the MTA categorization. For instance, the WB could categorize a
subproject as Category B, requiring an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP), while DPTADER
categorizes the same subproject as Category C, requiring only the submission of an Environmental Management
Good Practices Document for approval (Figure 9). In this case both documents shall be prepared to meet the
WB and DPTADER requirements.

The Screening Checklist enables the identification, at an early stage, of environmental and/or social issues that
could render the project ineligible for funding or as not feasibility. The checklist also allows for the identification
of potential environmental and/or social impacts and risks, including the identification of mitigation measures,
to be integrated in the initial subproject proposal and the subsequent feasibility study, in order to avoid or
mitigate adverse impacts and/or enhance positive impacts. Close collaboration between the team responsible
for preparing the subproject proposal (infrastructure, value chain or community development assistants) and the
safeguards team is required and necessary from the onset.

59
causes minor losses of property that do not affect more than 20% of the PAP’s livelihoods. During this phase,
subprojects will be assessed to determine whether they trigger OP 4.12 and consequently whether a Process
Framework (PF) or Resettlement Process Framework (RPF) would be required.

The PF shall be applied in cases where the subproject may restrict access to the use of natural resources in
legally designated conservation areas and may adversely impact livelihoods, requiring the preparation of a
Community Agreement and Action Plan through a participatory process involving the affected households, as
defined in the PF. The PF defines eligibility criteria and potential mitigation measures to be applied.

The RPF shall be applied where the subproject creates physical and/or economical losses. No physical losses
are expected to arise from MozBio 2 subprojects. The RPF defines the eligibility criteria, procedures and
institutional responsibilities in case of any lost due to the implementation of MozBio-2 subprojects.

60
 WB DPTADER
Categorization Categorization

Category B Category C Category B Category C

Environmental & Environmental Simplified Environmental

Social & Social ESIA + ESMP & Social
Management Plan Management Management
Good Practices Good Practices
(ESMP) Guide Guide

FNDS FNDS
Safeguards Safeguards
Team WB Team
No-Objection To be prepared by
an Independent
Consultant

WB NO-OBJECTION ENVIRONMENTAL
LICENSE

Figure 9 – Environmental & Social Instruments

Figure 10 provides a schematic overview of the tasks to be carried-out during the Environmental and Social
Screening step of the Identification and Pre-feasibility Studies for a proposed subproject.

Figure 10 – Tasks during Environmental and Social Screening

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10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS

As described above, all subprojects funded under MozBio 2 will require the preparation of an environmental
and social management instrument in accordance with the subproject categorization during the screening phase
(Simplified ESIA, ESMP or Good Practices Guide)

While the Simplified ESIA required by MTA will be prepared by an independent consultant (no affiliated with
FNDS or making part of it), the drafting of the remaining instruments will be the responsibility of the FNDS
Safeguards Team.

In all cases these instruments shall be prepared in parallel with the drafting of the Feasibility Study or Detailed
Design in order to allow for the integration of mitigation measures within the subproject design, therefore
avoiding the need for design changes at a later stage (see Figure 11).

The mitigation measures contained in the ESMP or in the Environmental and Social Management Good
Practices Guide will then be integrated into the bidding documents for works (see Section 10.4 below).

The guidelines for the elaboration of each of the environmental and social management instruments are
presented in the section that follows.

Figure 11 - Tasks during preparation of Environmental and Social Instruments

10.3.1 Simplified ESIA

For activities classified as Category B by the DPTADER, the FNDS Safeguard Team shall prepare Terms of
Reference for the appointment of an independent consultant to carry out the Simplified ESIA34, including
drafting the ESMP and conducting the public participation process (see Annex 5). According to the EIAR (Art.
23) only consultants registered with the Environmental Assessment Authority (MITADER) may carry out
environmental assessment studies in Mozambique. Consultants must present a valid registration certificate
issued by MTA prior to contract award.

The TORs shall take into consideration potential impacts and risks identified in the Screening Checklist as well
as in Section 9 of the present ESMF. The structure and content of the SES shall be as per the requirements
detailed in the EIAR (Nr.54/2015). The Public Participation Process shall follow the General Directive of the
Public Participation Process (Nr.130/2006).

34 Estudo Ambiental Simplificado, as per Decree 54/2015

62
In addition to the EIAR’s requirements for the ESMP (part of the Simplified ESIA), the WB’s requirements for
the ESMP shall also be fulfilled (see section 10.3.2 below and Annex 6).

The TORs for the Simplified ESIA shall be submitted to the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Safeguard
specialist for review and issue of a no-objection response.

The FNDS Safeguard Team will review the Simplified ESIA and submit it to the WB for no-objection, prior to
submission to the DPTADER. The FNDS shall subsequently adapt this ESMP to meet WB requirements. The
Contractor shall demonstrate compliance with this version of the ESMP, which will be included in the bidding
documents and in the contract.

Before the start of construction, the Contractor shall prepare and submit to FNDS for approval, a specific
Contractor’s ESMP (C-ESMP), based on the ESMP attached to the Contract.

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10.3.2 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

An Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is required for subprojects classified as Category B
under OP 4.01. This ESMP will be prepared by the FNDS Safeguard Unit, based on the template included in
Annex 5 and taking into consideration key management measures indicated in Annex 7 as well as additional
key measures to be identified during the process of definition of business values for value chains.

In cases where MTA classifies a subproject as Category C, while it is categorized under Category B per WB,
FNDS will be responsible to prepare the ESMP.

The ESMP shall provide information related to the project as well as the site’s environmental and social
conditions. It shall include practical mitigation measures to manage impacts identified in the Screening
Checklist, clearly identifying the responsibilities for its implementation during the construction and operation
phases.

The Draft ESMP shall include a participation process on its contents and requirements, involving the main
stakeholders, including local authorities and interested and affected communities.

To ensure that Contractors understand how mitigation measures shall be planned for and executed, the ESMP
presents them in sequential manner, in the order that they need to be implemented – as opposed to presenting
mitigation measures per impacted aspect.

The ESMP will be attached to the bidding documents. Contractors will be requested to prepare an ESHS
Management Strategies and Implementation Plan (MSIP) indicating how they intend to implement the ESMP.
Both the ESMP and the Contractor’s ESHS MSIP will be attached to the contract.

Contractors will be required to develop a Contractor’s Code of Conduct applicable to the nature of the work,
based on template in Annex 11. This Code of Conduct (Including environmental and social issues) shall be
approved by FNDS and attached to the contract.

It will be crucial that the ESHS Management Strategies and Implementation Plan (MSIP); comprise awareness
training to ensure that contractors and workers understand a project’s potential environmental and social
impacts, and that they understand their role in mitigating such impacts. Training shall also cover the Contractor’s
Code of Conduct, expected behaviors and applicable remedies. Awareness training shall be conducted with
work teams prior to the start of activities. Refresher training shall also be conducted at key stages during the
construction works (such as prior to the start of new activities to review new potential impacts).

10.3.3 Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide

The Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide (see Annex 8) contains a compilation of
basic environmental and social mitigation measures to be implemented during construction and operation of a
subproject classified as Category C.
This instrument shall be adapted by FNDS for each subproject, with an introduction stressing the identified
potential impacts and including any required additional mitigation measure. General and

64
Specific Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) guidelines30 shall be considered.
Before submission to the DPTADER the ESM Good Practices Guide shall be sent to the WB for no-objection.
The ESM Good Practices Guide prepared by FNDS shall be included in Bidding Documents and be attached to
the Contract, as well as the Contractor’s Code of Conduct, previously approved by FNDS.

10.3.4 COVID-19 Considerations

These above mentioned Environmental and Social Management instruments shalll contain specific measures to
address the current COVID-19 situation, particularly for those sub-projects that will involve Construction/Civil
Works. Likewise, the ongoing subproject will also be updated to include these measures.

Below is a list of some of the mitigation measures, however the safeguards subs-instrument shall contain a more
comprehensive list of mitigation measures based on the local situation and the specific guidance provide by the
Local Health Authorities as well as the:
• World Bank ESF/Safeguards Interim Note: COVID-19 Considerations in Construction/Civil Works
Projects
(https://worldbankgroup.sharepoint.com/sites/wbunits/opcs/Knowledge%20Base/ESF%20Safeguards
%20Interim%20Note%20Construction%20Civil%20Works%20COVID.pdf )
• World Health Organization: 1. Orientações provisórias da OMS sobre prevenção e controle de infecção
nos cuidados de saúde em casos de suspeita de infecção pelo novo Coronavírus (nCoV)
(https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-control-during-health-care-when-
novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected-20200125); 2. Orientação provisória da OMS sobre
considerações operacionais para a gestão de casos de COVID-19 em unidades de saúde e na comunidade
(https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331492/WHO-2019-nCoV-HCF_operations-2020.1-
eng.pdf); 3 - Orientações para o Plano de Ação de Comunicação de Risco e Engajamento da
Comunidade (RCCE, Risk Communication and Community Engagement) - Preparação e Resposta à
COVID-19) (https://www.who.int/publications-detail/risk-communication-and-community-
engagement-(rcce)-action-plan-guidance).

(a) Assessing workforce characteristics

• The Contractor should prepare a detailed profile of the project work force, key work activities, schedule
for carrying out such activities, different durations of contract and rotations (e.g. 4 weeks on, 4 weeks
off).
• This should include a breakdown of workers who reside at home (i.e. workers from the community),
workers who lodge within the local community and workers in on-site accommodation. Where possible,
it should also identify workers that may be more at risk from COVID-19, those with underlying health
issues or who may be otherwise at risk.

(b) Entry/exit to the work site and checks on commencement of work

Entry/exit to the work site should be controlled and documented for both workers and other parties, including
support staff and suppliers. Possible measures may include:
• Establishing a system for controlling entry/exit to the site, securing the boundaries of the site,
and establishing designating entry/exit points (if they do not already exist). Entry/exit to the site should
be documented.
• Training security staff on the (enhanced) system that has been put in place for securing the site
and controlling entry and exit, the behaviors required of them in enforcing such system and any COVID
- 19 specific considerations.

(c) General hygiene

Requirements on general hygiene should be communicated and monitored, to include:
• Training workers and staff on site on the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, how it is spread, how to
protect themselves (including regular handwashing and social distancing) and what to do if they or other
people have symptoms (for further information see WHO COVID-19 advice for the public).
• Placing posters and signs around the site, with images and text in local languages.

65
(d) Cleaning and waste disposal
Conduct regular and thorough cleaning of all site facilities, including offices, accommodation, canteens,
common spaces. Review cleaning protocols for key construction equipment (particularly if it is being operated
by different workers). This should include:
• Providing cleaning staff with adequate cleaning equipment, materials and disinfectant.
• Review general cleaning systems, training cleaning staff on appropriate cleaning procedures and
appropriate frequency in high use or high-risk areas.

(e) Adjusting work practices

Consider changes to work processes and timings to reduce or minimize contact between workers, recognizing
that this is likely to impact the project schedule. Such measures could include:
• Decreasing the size of work teams.
• Limiting the number of workers on site at any one time.

(f) Local medical and other services

Given the limited scope of project medical services, the project may need to refer sick workers to local medical
services. Preparation for this includes:
• Obtaining information as to the resources and capacity of local medical services (e.g. number of beds,
availability of trained staff and essential supplies).
• Conducting preliminary discussions with specific.

(g) Instances or spread of the virus

• If a worker has symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g. fever, dry cough, fatigue) the worker should be removed
immediately from work activities and isolated on site.
• If testing is available on site, the worker should be tested on site. If a test is not available at site, the
worker should be transported to the local health facilities to be tested (if testing is available).

(h) Continuity of supplies and project activities

Where COVID-19 occurs, either in the project site or the community, access to the project site may be restricted,
and movement of supplies may be affected.
• Identify back-up individuals, in case key people within the project management team (PIU, Supervising
Engineer, Contractor, sub-contractors) become ill, and communicate who these are so that people are
aware of the arrangements that have been put in place.
• Document procedures, so that people know what they are, and are not reliant on one person’s
knowledge.

(i) Training and communication with workers

Workers need to be provided with regular opportunities to understand their situation, and how they can best
protect themselves, their families and the community. They should be made aware of the procedures that have
been put in place by the project, and their own responsibilities in implementing them.

(j) Communication and contact with the community

Relations with the community should be carefully managed, with a focus on measures that are being
implemented to safeguard both workers and the community. The community may be concerned about the
presence of non-local workers, or the risks posed to the community by local workers presence on the project
site. The following good practice should be considered:
• Communications should be clear, regular, based on fact and designed to be easily understood by
community members.
• Communications should utilize available means. In most cases, face-to-face meetings with the
community or community representatives will not be possible. Other forms of communication should
be used; posters, pamphlets, radio, text message, electronic meetings. The means used should take into
account the ability of different members of the community to access them, to make sure that
communication reaches these groups.

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10.4 COMPILATION OF ESHS REQUIREMENTS FOR BIDDING DOCUMENTS FOR WORKS

The Environmental and Social Management Instruments described above as well as the World Bank Group
Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (known as the "EHS Guidelines"35 will provide the basis for the
preparation of the Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) Requirements to be included in Bidding
Documents for Works, as per the WB´s Standard Procurement Document dated January 2017.

The ESMP or the ESM Good Practices Guide will be attached to the Bidding Documents, as well as a template
with the ESHS clauses that are required to be included in the bidder’s Code of Conduct. The Terms of Reference
for Works shall specify the need to address the ESHS measures contained in those documents.

A Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct shall be applied to all contractors and subcontractors’ workers.
Refer to Annex 11 for the requirements of this Code of Conduct.

During the bidding process, the bidder will be requested to prepare an ESHS Management Strategies and
Implementation Plan (MSIP) – to support the implementation of the ESMP or the ESM Good Practice Guide -
and to submit an ESHS Code of Conduct. Both documents, the ESHS Management Strategies and
Implementation Plan (MSIP) and the Code of Conduct, have to be approved by the FNDS Safeguard Team,
prior to Contract signature.

The following documents shall be attached to the contract:

• ESMP or the ESM Good Practice Guide;
• Approved Contractor’s ESHS Management Strategies and Implementation Plan (MSIP);
• Approved Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct.

During the bidding process, the bidder shall submit the following additional documents in its Bid:

• Code of Conduct (ESHS)

The Bidder shall submit its Code of Conduct that will apply to Contractor’s employers, to ensure compliance
with its Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) obligations under the contract and to manage risks
associated with: labour influx, spread of communicable diseases, sexual harassment, gender-based violence,
sexual engagement with minors, poaching, wast management, illicit behaviour and crime and maintaining a safe
environment, amongst others identified by the contractor.

The Bidder shall detail how this Code of Conduct will be implemented including how it will be introduced into
conditions of employment/engagement, what training will be provided, how it will be monitored and how the
Contractor proposes to address any breaches.

35 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/topics_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/sustainability-at-
ifc/policies-standards/ehs-guidelines

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 The Contractor shall be required to implement the agreed Code of Conduct.

• Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) to manage the (ESHS) risks

The Bidder shall submit Management Strategies and Implementation Plans (MSIP) to manage the key
Environmental, Social, Health and Safety (ESHS) risks including a Traffic Management Plan to ensure
safety of local communities from construction traffic; a Water Resource Protection Plan to prevent
contamination of drinking water; a Bio-diversity Protection Plan and a Strategy for obtaining
Consents/Permits prior to the start of relevant works such as opening a quarry or borrow pit.

The Contractor shall be required to submit for approval, and subsequently implement, the Contractor’s
Environment and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP), including the agreed Management Strategies and
Implementation Plans.

The FNDS will not approve any deviations from instruments without prior approval of WB and will consult
as necessary.

10.5 SUPERVISION AND MONITORING

Both during the execution of works and in the post-construction phase, the CA LMU’s Safeguard Assistant,
shall monitor the implementation of and compliance with the Environmental and Social Management Plan or
ESM Good Practices Guide, as well as the Contractor’s Code of Conduct and ESHS Management Strategies
and Implementation Plan (MSIP).

Compliance monitoring comprises on-site inspection of activities to verify that measures identified in the ESMP,
PMP and/or RP are being implemented. This type of monitoring is similar to the normal tasks of a supervising
engineer whose job is to ensure that the Contractor adheres to the contractual obligations with regard to
environmental, social, health and safety practices during construction, as prescribed in the Social and
Environmental Clauses (SEC) included in the bidding documents and Contracts or as described in the ESMP,
Contractor’s Code of Conduct and ESHS Management Strategies and Implementation Plan.

During the implementation of subprojects requiring civil works, the SDPI will be involved in the works’
supervision whilst also being responsible for verifying compliance with the environmental and social
management measures, primarily relating to labour, health and safety measures. Where the role of Civil Works
Supervisor is outsourced/contracted out, its TOR shall make provision for the supervision of the
implementation of the Environmental and Social Management Measures.

Where non-compliances by the Contractor are identified, the MozBio 2 Conservation Area LMU and the
Conservation Area’s Administrator shall be immediately informed, so that a joint discussion on the required
actions takes place. On the other hand, if the supervisor identifies any environmental or social damage, he should
consult the MozBio 2 Landscape PIU Safeguard Assistant to identify the applicable remediation measures.

The MozBio 2 Procurement and Finance team shall ensure the withholding of contactors’ payments against
receipt of an acceptable Safeguards Performance Report (template included in Annex 9) as per new procurement
standards. Such procurement standards shall be communicated to Contractor prior to contract award, preferably
as part of Bidding Documents.

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In addition, the FNDS’s safeguard team should undertake regular inspections to verify the nature and magnitude
of actual impacts, verify the effectiveness of the implementation of mitigation measures, and to determine the
need for additional mitigation or changes to existing measures. These may initially be quarterly visits, to be
adapted based on the type and size of the subprojects, including the associated impacts.

Montly, the LMU safeguard submit reports as a result of regular visits to sub-projects carried out during the
month. When necessary, especially in cases of complex problems, the specialist at the central level will support
the landscape.

Annex 10 contains a Template for Worksite Inspection and Supervision that will be used by the MozBio 2 CA
LMU during regular supervision visits, as well as by the Safeguard Assistant and FNDS Safeguard Team during
inspections.

To gauge progress, the World Bank shall receive quarterly reports from the FNDS Safeguards Team regarding
project implementation. In addition, Supervision visits / Mid-Term Reviews (Missão de Supervisão e
Acompanhamento) shall be carried out by the World Bank every six months.

An External Audit shall be undertaken at the end of the second year of implementation (Project Mid-Term
Review) to assess MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF project’s performance against stated objectives and targets and to
identify areas for improvement. It is envisaged that this audit shall be carried out by a competent third party and
that the scope will complement the work done by the World Bank during its supervision missions.

10.6 REPORTING

The process implemented within the scope of this ESMF should be adequately recorded for future reference
and for audit purposes. This would include at least the Screening Checklists, Pre-Environmental Assessment
Sheets, DUATs or other land use authorization, correspondence with DPTADER, reports produced by
consultants, georeferenced maps, photographic records, records of public consultation or complaints received
and, where appropriate, the environmental permit.

The FNDS Safeguard Team will submit to the World Bank Safeguard Team quarterly, semester and annual
reports, on the status of ESMF implementation for each MozBio 2 subproject. The team will report on the
activities carried out under the ESMF, indicating the process carried out for each subproject undertaken, and
conducting an assessment of the level of performance achieved, challenges, lessons learnt and measures to be
implemented to improve environmental and social performance.

The annual report must also describe the training activities carried out, dully indicating its content, duration and
participants.

10.7 Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC)

Mozambique is prone to disaster risks due to its geographic location which is likely to occur extreme wheather
events (tropical cyclones, drought, flooding) and because of the country low capacity to respond and mitigate
these impacts. Moreover, Mozambique is also facing the COVID-19 which is a global pandemic and led the
country to declare a State of Emergency.

The Contingent Emergency Response Component (CERC) is designed to provide swift response in the event of
an Eligible Crisis or Emergency through a portion of the undisbursed project funds to address immediate post-
crisis and emergency financing needs.

Emergency activities financed under the CERC are expected to involve financing provision of critical goods or
emergency recovery and reconstruction works and it is likely these will fall into Category B or C. To mitigate
potential impacts arising from such financing, activities that fall under Category C could involve procurement
of emergency supplies such as medicine and water and do not require the application of safeguard instruments,
post-screening or assessment. Other emergency supplies, such as fuel products, will require safeguard

69
instruments (such as Environmental Codes of Practice or EMPs) to ensure procurement, storage and dispensing
procedures are adequate.

Preparation of the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) will consider this ESMF and safeguard instruments will
require World Bank approval prior to commencement of activities. Importantly, the EAP will need to include
procedures for:
• Consultation and disclosure;
• Integration of mitigation measures and performance standards into contracts; and
• Supervision/monitoring and reporting measures to ensure compliance.
In order to ensure that CERC subproject activities comply with the requirements of the Bank’s Safeguard
Policies, a positive and negative list has been developed to provide guidance on critical imports and/or for
emergency works, goods or services which may be eligible for financing. Further guidance will be detailed in
the Finance Agreement (FA) and CERC Operations Manual (OM).

CERC Positive List

The purpose of the positive list is to indicate the types of critical emergency works following a loss and needs
assessment that would be acceptable to the Bank to be financed under CERC. Project funds allocated to the
CERC Disbursement Category may be used to finance any expenditure of the Recipient that is consistent with
the MozBio 2 and FA provisions. The following subproject or activities will be deemed eligible under the
CERC:
• Construction materials, equipment and industrial machinery
• Purchase of petroleum and other fuel products;
• Any other item agreed to between the World Bank and the Recipient (as documented in an Aide
mémoire or other appropriate Project document)
• Emergency Sub-projects: Eligible expenditures for emergency sub-projects initiated following the
Declaration of a National Emergency/Disaster in response to damage, losses and needs caused by an
event are as follows:
• Repair of reconstruct streets, roads, small bridges, transportation and other infrastructure damaged by
the event that may affect the project continuation;
• Re-establish drainage systems damaged by the event;
• Remove and dispose of debris associated with any eligible activity;
CERC Negative List
Sub-projects with the following potential impacts will not be eligible for financing under the CERC component
or the parent project:
• involve the significant conversion, clearance or degradation of critical natural habitats, forests,
environmentally sensitive areas, significant biodiversity and/or protected conservation zones;
• will cause, or have the potential to result in, permanent and/or significantly damage to nonreplicable
cultural property, irreplaceable cultural relics, historical buildings and/or archaeological sites;
• will negatively affect rare or endangered species;
• will result in large-scale involuntary land acquisition or significant physical displacement of affected
communities, or relocation of Indigenous Peoples that would restrict or cease their access to traditional
lands or resources;
• do not meet minimum design standards with poor design or construction quality, particularly if located
in vulnerable areas;
• Require or involve: purchase, application or storage of pesticides or hazardous materials (e.g.
asbestos); o building a dam, structures that will alter coastal process or disrupt breeding sites such as
retaining walls or seawalls; o sand mining or land reclamation; o land that has disputed ownership,
tenure or user rights; or o a higher proportion of funding than is available.

CERC-ESMF
• In case the CERC is activated for the COVID-19 and new items/activities are proposed that are not
considered in the present Project ESMF, then a specific CERC-ESMF will be prepared using the World

70
 Bank ESMF-COVID template, possible including an “Infection Control and Waste Management Plan
(ICWMP)” which will be subsequently consulted upon and disclosed.

11. INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR ESMF IMPLEMENTATION

FNDS will be responsible for ensuring adherence to the ESMF, PF, RPF and PMP in all subprojects to be funded
by the MozBio 2 Project. The FNDS’s Safeguard Team will be responsible for the implementation of all the
procedures contained in the present ESMF, with support from the Safeguard Assistants of the LMUs and the
CA’ Co-Management structures.

As referred in Chapter 7, FNDS currently has four specialists at central level who are responsible for particular
projects or thematic areas but who support each other in an integrated manner. It also has three safeguards
specialists at provincial level (Landscape Management Units). These safeguards specialists are further assisted
by 6 Community Officers and 30 Rural Development Extensionists at local level.

Given MozBio 2’s focus on fewer, yet areas with transformational potential, it is expected that the safeguards
staff involved in the project will consist of: (i) 1 environmental and social safeguards specialist at central level,
part of the FNDS safeguards team at national level; and (ii) 3 enviromental and social safeguards and 3
Community Officers based in the 3 target landscapes. A total of 7 persons will be directly involved in
implementing and monitoring MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF safeguards instruments, who will in turn be supported
by the FNDS Safeguards at national level.
The FNDS interacts with other Directorates within MTA and MADER to ensure compliance with national
environmental legislation. The National Directorate for Environmental Assessment (DINAB) is responsible for
the development of policies, reviewing environmental and social impact studies and mitigation plans, and
issuing of environmental licenses for Category A+ and A. In turn, the Provincial Directorates for Land,
Environment and Rural Development (DPTADER) are the local institutions responsible for implementing
measures for integrated and sustainable management of the rural, urban and marine-coastal environment and
will play a significant role in screening, reviewing and issuing Category B and C environmental permits to
subproject investments under MozBio 2. Environmental and Social inspection and auditing is now being
overseen by AQUA (National Agency for Environmental Quality) a statutory body under MTA mandate. All
participating government (ANAC) and non-governmental (BIOFUND) agencies in MozBio 2 will report to the
FNDS on related safeguards issues.

At District level, as during the implementation of MozBio 1, the SDPI will be involved in the supervision of
civil works, being responsible for verifying compliance with labour, health and safety contract requirements.
The SDAE will be involved in the preparation and implementation of rural development subprojects.

In order to ensure the implementation of the identified environmental and social measures, close collaboration
between the safeguard team and the project concept development teams, at national and landscape level
(infrastructure, value chain and community development), as well as the MozBio procurement team, would be
required.

This integration shall also occur during the planning phases, namely during the definition of value chains and
the preparation of associated business plans. Safeguard specialists shall be involved at this stage in order to
integrate environmental and social concerns, and if required, to develop additional and more specific guidelines
to complement those included in this ESMF. Table 9 provides an overview of the key stakeholders involved and
their responsibilities for environmental and social management.
Table 10 synthesize the distribution of responsibilities per institution and per activity.

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Table 10 - Key stakeholders and responsibilities for environmental and social management
during project execution

Entity Stakeholders Responsibilities

• Input into concept development & project design

Safeguards
• Assessment of environmental & social eligibility criteria /
identification of fatal flaws
• Review of Screening Form
• Preparation of TORS for independent consultant or preparation of
E&S management instruments
• Integration of mitigation measures into final design
• Supervision and monitoring of works

72
Entity Stakeholders Responsibilities

• Assessment of grievances
• Stakeholder engagement

• Inclusion of ESHS requirements in Works Bidding Documents and

FNDS Procurement
Contracts

• Supervision and monitoring of works

Financial
• Application of contractual remedies in case of non-compliance with
contractual ESHS requirements

• Input into concept development & project design

PIU
• Input into the Screening Form
• Supervision and monitoring of works

• Input into assessment of environmental & social eligibility criteria /

LMU LMU
identification of fatal flaws
Safeguards
• Preparation of Screening Form
• Supervision and monitoring of works
• Input into assessment of grievances
• Stakeholder engagement

• Input into concept development & project design

CA Administration
• Input into the Screening Form
• Supervision and monitoring of works

• Input into concept development & project design

Community
Officer • Input into the Screening Form
• Supervision and monitoring of works
• Stakeholder engagement

• Subproject categorization
Provincial DPTADER
Authorities • Environmental Assessment
• Verification of environmental compliance

• Supervision of works
District SDPI
Administration • Verification of compliance with labour, health and safety
requirements
• Verification of environmental compliance

• Input into concept development & project design – rural

SDAE
development subprojects
• Supervision and monitoring

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 • Grievance monitoring

• Environmental and Social inspection and auditing

AQUA

• Monitoring of works
Community
• Grievance monitoring

• Stakeholder engagement
Civil Society
• Grievance monitoring

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Table 10 – Safeguards responsibilities within the ESMF Institutional organization, per activity

Activity Responsibility Assistance Revision

Screening LMU CA, SDPI, SDAE FNDS Safeguards

Prep. ToR Simplified FNDS LMU

ESIA Safeguards

Independent
Prep. Simplified ESIA LMU FNDS Safeguards
Consultant

Prep. ESMPs & FNDS LMU

ESMGP Guide

Prep. ESHS FNDS FNDS Procurement

requirements for Safeguards
Bidding Docs and
Supervision &
LMU CA, SDPI, SDAE FNDS Safeguards
Monitoring
implementation of
Stakeholder LMU CA, SDPI, SDAE
FNDS Safeguards
Engagement

Grievance Mechanism LMU CA, District Adm. FNDS Safeguards

Independent Audit of Independent FNDS Safeguards

ESMF Implementation Auditor

75
12. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

MozBio 2 will rely on the common Grievance and Redress Mechanism that has been established for all
projects included in the World Bank’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio in Mozambique
– called the “Dialogue and Grievance Mechanism (MDR)” 36. A manual of procedures and a communication
strategy were prepared, and an IT platform was designed to register and monitor the reported cases. This
mechanism has been discussed with key stakeholders, including local communities, and has been tested in the
Maputo Special Reserve to validate its procedures. The MDR is in the process of being implemented and will
be operationalized in all Project areas either as part of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF. This is illustrated in the outline
below:

Grievance resolution

All party agreement on solution Independent Mediator External mediation

Dissatified complainant

FNDS Social safeguards Technical level

Dissatified complainant

Community court SDAE NGO / CA Co-manager Community level

Complainant + community member Complainant + private operator Complainant + GoM agency

Information about processes and time limits

Dissatified complainant

Complainant + involved parties + Community Officer

Figure 12 - Grievance resolution process outlines according to the MDR

Figure 12 shows the presentation of complaints directly to first level recipients at community level where these
may be resolved immediately if possible. Should they require technical support from FNDS Social Safeguards
Specialists these may be sought as a second level recourse. Finally, should a case not be resolvable internally,
it may be referred by FNDS to an independent mediator for resolution. Decisions on resolution and
communication to the complainant must be made in a timely fashion at all levels. Should affected persons not
be satisfied by the informal process used, or if the nature of the complaint requires higher level appeal, national
legislation provides for making complaints in various sectors at the highest levels of Government such as
National Directors and Ministers.
In addition, should either party be dissatisfied, the affected party may bring the complaint to court, where it will
be treated in accordance with Mozambican law. In principle, a community may take a Company to court for
failing to comply with the terms of an Environmental Management Plan.
In the latter case, all citizens have the right to submit complaints to the Public Prosecutor's Office, which is
responsible for ensuring the correct application of the law, particularly in the development of territorial
management instruments and their implementation.
The FNDS, will ensure that a "Complaints Register" is maintained and landscape level. The complaint records
should contain: i) the complainant's contact details and information on the complaint itself, ii) the results of
investigations and responses provided, iii) measures taken by MozBio 2 Project.

31 36 See: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qJ6SgclpBP9n7gVs6hiwchUqWyqE37LL/view

76
management, iv) necessary follow-up actions and v) internal communications made in response to complaints
and solutions.
In all cases where complaints are made about the implementation of Project activities, FNDS is obliged to
investigate the complaint and resolve it internally by applying the Process Framework and MDR manual in use
in the Project and returning the response within a period of less than 15 days.

13. CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

The development of this ESMF included a consultation process with key stakeholders, including the
administrations of the target conservation areas, district government, local authorities, NGOs that have been
working in the CAs, amongst others. Table 11 and 12 presents the contents and a summary of discussions held.
In addition, consultation meetings on the MozBio 2 Safeguards were held in the three landscapes, with the
participation of members of the district consultative councils, including representatives of district government,
local authorities, civil society and the private sector. The minutes of these meetings and the lists of attendees
are included in Annex 12.

Table 11 - Consultation meetings to present the draft Safeguard Instruments

Landscape Date Location Nr. of Participants

Elephant Coast 02.07.2018 Bela Vista town 37

Chimanimani 29.06.2018 Sussundenga town 60

Marromeu Complex 30.06.2018 Marromeu town 66

At all meetings, the MozBio 2 project was welcomed and perceived as an opportunity for socioeconomic
development of the affected landscapes and for the minimization of conflicts with the conservation objectives
of the target Conservation Areas.

Meetings held in the Elephant Coast and Chimanimani landscapes indicate a clear understanding of
conservation objectives on the part of stakeholders and in particular an understanding of how tourism
opportunities could benefit communities. The development of value chain activities outside the buffer zones
was welcomed and additional products were proposed. In Chimanimani some concern was raised regarding the
possible issuance of DUATs and the establishment of development activities within the buffer zone as this is
the area where wildlife is present.

In Marromeu the conflicts due to encroachment of public and private activities and installations into Coutadas
11 and 14 are giving rise to a strong desire for new zoning and land use planning to clearly define land use
boundaries. In addition, opportunities for the large community in Malingapanse Administrative Post in
Marromeu Reserve to assist the district develop economically due to its highly marketable sweet potatoes and
freshwater fish have established a strong linkage of this location with markets in Marromeu and beyond.
However, access roads to Malingapanse and to the Marromeu Reserve were identified as great constraints to
their development and to tourism. Education in schools and awareness-raising among adults and rangers was
raised as a priority given that almost all of Marromeu District is covered with protected areas and conflicts
between community members and rangers are frequent. In addition, livelihood development was strongly
supported and contributions regarding potential income generation activities ranged from sugarcane outgrowing
to honey

77
production. These ideas will be followed up during Project implementation, through the initial Social
Assessment and the process for identifying and supporting sub-projects in Component 3. The zoning process is
included in Project design and will be supported by participatory methods identified in the Process Framework
that endorse stakeholder identification and trade-off facilitation to reach agreements on the alternatives that are
legally possible and that are favoured by those affected by them.

The ESMF for MozBio 2 will be publicly consulted and disclosed in Mozambique and in the World
Bank’s InfoShop prior to project appraisal.

Additionally, during the preparation of GEF 7 AF, consultation meetings with the key stakeholders were held
for the three landscapes, involving the District Government, local authorities, members of the district consultive
council, civil society, private sector representatives and academic institutions, table 12 shows the number of
participants in each landscape. In total, 410 participants were involved.

Table 12. Consultation meetings to update the present draft Safeguard Instruments

Landscape Date Location Nr. of Participants

Elephant Coast 02.03.2020 Madjedjane 84
03.03.2020 Phuza, 32
Muvukuza 24
Maphanga 90
04.03.2020 Bela Vista 57
Chimanimani 11.03.2020 Sussundenga 45
Marromeu Complex 12.03.2020 Marromeu 78

The consultation process was used to explore issues around the safeguard instruments (ESMF, RPF, PF and
PMP) and new activities that can be supported by GEF 7 Aditional Financing.
Overall, in all meetings participants appreciated the opportunity and possibility for their communities to benefit
from GEF7 financing, requesting however that the project facilitates access to the poorest people in the
communities as most of the fundings usually do not reach the people who needs more.

Elephant Coast Landscape: 5 consultation meetings were held, and the main challenge presented was the
development of projects focused on agriculture in an area marked by many humans-wildlife conflicts, with some
participants suggesting that the project should invest only in a strong electric fence, so the community can grow
their crops. On the other hand, the participants also showed their appreciation, as the project includes a
component of sustainable charcoal production, which for some communities is the main economic activity.

Chimanimani Landscape: The main issue discussed was human wildlife conflit, artisanal mining and
restauration activities. Complaints were raised about job opportunities in the protected areas and financing GEF
7 activities. Communities want to be given priority in access to such opportunities in the protected areas, for
positions such as rangers to supplement income while protecting their traditional land. Combined with other
measures this has the potential to bring positive elements in the way of improving the sense of community
ownership. The participants also showed their appreciation, as the project includes a restauration activities and
capacity building program.The landscape has erosion problems that worsened by the recent cyclone Idai.

Marromeu Complex Landscape: The discussion focused on main challenge, human wildlife conflict, acess to
natural resources for the communities around Marromeu National Reserve and hunting blocks (coutada),
environment education to school, communities’ governance, revenue from forest and wildlife management and
develop economic actitivies. The participants suggested including construction of borehole, fencing of
agriculture area, dissemination and signalization of the dangerous zones. Invest on environment education and
gender program including schorlaship girls and rehabilitation of school.

78
All landscapes suggest the reinforce the fencing of AC’s. The MozBio 2 will finance the development of a
conflict human wildlife strategy where proposals for solutions from affected communities will be incorporated.
Currently, the social assessment for the 3 landscapes that is being carried out using the Social Assessment for
Protect Areas (SAPA) methodology is ongoing, where one of the problems verified was the human wildlife
conflict. The GEF 7 funds will support to implement the strategy.

In compliance with GEF 7 procedures, a stakeholder engagement plan (Annex 14) was produced to guide the
consultation and disclosure of documents such as Simplified Environmental Impact Assessment (ESIA), an
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) and Environmental and Social Management Good
Practices Guide (ESMGPG).Therefore, this guidance should be followed by the FNDS, contractors and sub-
contractors, particularly in regard to public meetings given the COVID-19 situation where by specific
recommendation are given in “Public Consultations and Stakeholder Engagement in WB-supported operations
when there are constraints on conducting public meetings” (March 20, 2020)37 and through Decree 11/2020 on
the State of National Emergency.

14. CAPACITY BUILDING

Successful implementation of the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF Project will depend among others on the effective
implementation of the environmental and social management measures outlined in the ESMPs, PF, RPF and
PMP. Capacity building will be necessary for all key stakeholders in order to ensure that they have the
appropriate knowledge and skills to implement the ESMF’s procedures and guidelines.

Capacity building should be viewed as more than training. It is human resource development and includes the
process of equipping individuals with the understanding, skills and access to information, knowledge and
training that enables them to perform effectively. Therefore, it should also include awareness-raising and
sensitization, in addition to technical training.

Awareness-raising for stakeholders who need to appreciate the significance/ relevance of

environmental and social issues throughout the project life cycle.

Sensitization for stakeholders who need to be sufficiently familiar with the issues so that they can make
informed and specific requests for technical assistance.

Technical training for stakeholders who will need to use the ESMF tools, analyze potentially adverse
environmental and social impacts, to prescribe mitigation approaches and measures, and to prepare and
supervise the implementation of management plans.

One of the lessons learnt during MozBio 1 implementation was that there were difficulties with ESMF
implementation due to lack of domain on its procedures and guidelines and on the practical application of
safeguard instruments.
The WB has been supporting the strengthening of capacity of the FNDS safeguards team including the MozBio
safeguards specialist. In 2017, one national and four regional safeguards training workshops were administrated
to FNDS and other institutions including provincial and district government and service providers. In addition
to complying with WB policies and guidelines, the FNDS has to implement the project and subprojects
according to national legislation.

37https://worldbankgroup.sharepoint.com/sites/wbunits/opcs/Pages/pc/Operations-COVID19-Coronavirus-
Information-03092020-081859/Overview-03092020-081941.aspx

79
Therefore DINAB, AQUA, DPTADERs and local institutions were also trained to help improve both the
awareness of safeguards policies, as well as of other crosscutting issues related to gender, the inclusion of
vulnerable groups, and the understanding of how to implement mitigation and inclusion measures. Moreover,
the current MozFIP and Landscape projects continue to support the improvement of capacity and systems of the
FNDS. New training workshops are planned for the near future, in addition to using a coaching approach and
on-the-job training to address specific issues and gaps.

MozBio 2 shall include a practical capacity building process comprising technical training and awareness-
raising and sensitization activities in order to overcome the difficulties experienced in the previous phase.
Whereas the work is planned to be conducted in-house, a third party may be contracted to assist in the
development and implementation of specific capacity building measures during the life of the project.
In February of 2020, a technical safeguard workshop was held. The workshop was developed and facilitated by
the FNDS and WB safeguard team. The workshop, provided training on different issues including pratical
exercices on screening and monitoring activities to LMU's safeguards.

The meeting promoted discussion and exchange of knowledge and experience on the application of similar tools
implemented on diferent places and ensured alignment on expectations.

The FNDS safeguard team and the LMU Safeguards assistants shall then prepare technical workshops in the
CA Landscape, for all those involved in the preparation of the Screening Checklist and in the supervision of
the implementation of environmental and social management measures, namely DPTADER, SDPI, SDAE and
the target CA’s technical staff. This training shall be practical, including clear and practical messages on the
importance of the safeguards, whilst presenting examples of the importance of considering them in the early
stages of the subproject cycle in order to mitigate impacts and risks. It shall also include practical examples and
exercises on how to prepare the Screening Checklist and conduct field supervision and inspection visits to verify
compliance with agreed Environmental and Social management measures.
Specific training sessions will be developed to address specific training needs or themes, as identified during
project monitoring and supervision activities.
Technical training sessions for key MozBio 2 staff responsible for procurement and all the subprojects
categories (such as infrastructure, community development, value chains, etc.). The aim of these sessions is to
ensure that these support functions understand the safeguard instruments and tools developed to support the
implementation of the project. These sessions should be practical, clearly defining the roles of the various
individuals and teams and the steps recommended in the safeguard documents. The training sessions should
ensure that participants understand the subproject cycle and the oversight required to promote compliance.
Awareness and sensitization sessions to be held by the LMU Safeguard shall be included in all subprojects in
order to ensure awareness on the following:
• Conservation of natural resources and sustainable exploration
• Workplace and community Health and Safety
• Vulnerable groups - ensuring protection against increased vulnerability
• Gender – ensuring representation and inclusivity
• Gender Base Violence and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse issues

Since 2019, the FNDS in collaboration with the World Bank has been conducting training on gender
mainstreaming in projects. The Gender Based on Violence (GBV) topics are addressed. The training carried
out at FNDS central level and Landscape Management Units (LMUs) and it was aligned with the FNDS
gender strategy and GBV risk assessment for the Sustenta project.

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15. ESMF IMPLEMENTATION BUDGET

Table 12 presents an estimated budget for the implementation of the MozBio 2 ESMF. The budget for the
implementation of the ESMF includes costs for Consultancy Services to prepare (i) Simplified Environmental
Impact Studies for Component 2 subprojects; (ii) Social Assessments for the three landscapes; (iii) Strategic
Environmental Assessments of zoning plans for Marromeu Complex and Chimanimani; (iv) External audit of
the implementation of the ESMF, (v) Training and (vi) Monitoring.

The overall budget for implementation of the ESMF is estimated at US$ 1,429,500.00, this includes salaries
of staff as well as the operation costs related to capacity building and monitoring of beneficiaries and
subprojects for implementing the ESMF (and other environmental safeguards instruments). Moreover, the
budget includes the associated grievance redress mechanism that will be developed under the Process
Framework. Funds for ESMF implementation will be made available from the International Development
Association (IDA).

The budgetary arrangements for the Additional Funds under GEF 7, ensure that the costs of implementing
safeguard activities are included in the operating costs of each landscape and total approximately $ 30,000.
Emphasize that capacity building activities and other processes continue to be financed by IDA funds, with
GEF 7 funds only to reinforce monitoring interventions.

Table 12 – Estimated ESMF Implementation Budget

Instrument Cost Identification line in Project Costab

Safeguard Team
Safeguard specialist - central level $ 170,500.00 C1.3 Strengthening FNDS (DT.3-A1)
Social safeguard- (LMU's Marromeu) $ 162,100.00 C3.1 MARROMEU Landscape (DT8-A1)
C3.2 CHIMANIMANI Landscape (DT9-
Social safeguard (LMU's Chimanimani ) $ 162,100.00 A1)
Social Safeguard (LMU Maputo) $ 162,100.00 C3.3 MAPUTO Landscape (DT10-A1)
ESMF
Environment and social
study's_infraestructure (AC Marromeu) $ 30,000.00 C.2.1 RN MARROMEU (DT5.3)
Environment and social study's
_infraestructure (AC Chimanimani) $ 30,000.00 C.2.2 RN CHIMANIMANI (DT6.3)
Environment and social study's
_infraestructure (AC REM) $ 30,900.00 C2.3 RE MAPUTO (DT7.3)
Training $ 20,000.00 C1.3 Strengthening FNDS ANAC (DT3. 4)
External audit (Mid term) $ 25,000.00 C1.3 Strengthening FNDS (DT3. 4)
Monitoring (Travel) $ 30,000.00 C1.3 Strengthening FNDS (DT3. 4)
Social assesment/SAPA (AC Marromeu) $ 38,900.00 C.2.1 RN MARROMEU (DT5. B2)
Social assesment/SAPA (AC Chimanimani) $ 38,900.00 C.2.2 RN CHIMANIMANI (DT6. B2)
Social assesment/SAPA (AC REM) $ 38,900.00 C2.3 RE MAPUTO (DT7. B3)
SESA PDUT Marromeu $ 40,000.00 C3.1 MARROMEU Landscape (DT8-C1)
C3.2 CHIMANIMANI Landscape (DT9-
SESA PDUT Chimanimani $ 40,000.00 C)
Safeguard Additional Operating Cost $ 90,000.00
PF
Grievance Redress $ 30,000.00 C1.3 Strengthening FNDS (DT3. 4)
TOTAL $ 1,429,500.00

81
16. REFERENCES

DNAC, Ponta de Ouro Marine Reserve Management Plan, 2011

Grievance Redress Mechanism, http://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-

services/grievance-redress-service

http://micaia.org/eco/

http://www.peaceparks.org/programme.php?pid=25&mid=1108

MITADER, Marromeu Complex Management Plan, 2015-2019

MITADER, National Strategy and Action Plan of Biological Diversity Of Mozambique (2015-2035),
2015.

MITUR (2014), Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), Mozambique

Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (MozBio) Project

MITUR, Maputo Special Reserve Management Plan, 2009

MITUR, Chimanimani National Reserve Management Plan, 2010

MITUR, Marromeu Complex Management Plan, 2014

World Bank (2008), Environmental and Social Management Framework for World Bank Project with
Multiple Small-Scale Subprojects - A Toolkit, Africa Region, Report 48893

World Bank (2013), OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment

World Bank (26 June 2018), Combined Project Information Documents / Integrated Safeguards
Datasheet (PID/ISDS) Appraisal Stage, Report No: PIDISDSA24553

World Bank (26 June 2018), Project Appraisal Document for a Mozambique Conservation Areas for
Biodiversity and Development - Phase 2, Report No: PAD2860

World Bank, 2017, Standard Procurement Document. Request for Bids Works (Without
Prequalification)

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 ANNEXES

Annex 1 – EIA Regulations – Categorization of Activities

Annex 2 – Other Relevant Legal Requirements
Annex 3 - Environmental and Social Screening Checklist
Annex 4 - Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet
Annex 5 - Guidelines for preparation of TOR for Simplified Environmental Assessment and
Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan
Annex 6 – Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan
Annex 7 – Key Impacts and Key Mitigation Measures
Annex 8 – Template for Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide Annex
Annex 9 – Template for Safeguards Performance Report
Annex 10 – Template for Supervision and Inspection of Civil Works
Annex 11 – Template for Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct
Annex 12 – Summary of Public Consultation Process
Annex 13 – Summary of Public Consultation Process/GEF 7 AF
Annexo 14 – Stakholder Engagment Plan for GEF 7 AF

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84
Annex 1 – EIA Regulations (Decree No. 54/2015)– Categorization of Activities

EIA Regulations – Categorization of Activities

To determine the type and level of environmental assessment required – or category of activity –
Article 8, point 3, of the EIA Regulations states that the pre-assessment (screening), conducted by
the EIA authority, shall include a review of information in article 6 on the competencies of the EIA
Authority and the assessment criteria listed in article 9. It shall also include a review of the Regulation’s
annexures on the categorization activities, namely, Annex I – Category A+ Activities, Annex II -
Category A Activities, Annex III - Category B Activities, Annex IV - Category C Activities (summarized
in Tables 1 and 2 of this Annex) and Annex V – Fatal Flaws.

Knowledge of the project location, and alignment of the proposed project with district plans and land
use and zoning plans, shall also be considered during the pre-assessment phase. This is a change
from the previous Regulations and one that requires a broader review of proposed projects during the
categorization of activities by the EIA Authority.

Under the revised EIA Regulations (No. 54 of 2015), projects proposed by the Conservation Area
itself, such as some of the subprojects under Component 2, with the objective of improving the area’s
management, are now included under the Category B list of activities. This outcome is the result of
engagement between MozBio 1 and the competent authorities to streamline environmental
assessment processes in respect of activities proposed within Conservation Areas.

For sub-projects envisaged under MozBio 2, an overview of the indicative project categories per
project type as well as per the environmental and social characteristics of the project site are
presented in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively, based on the EIA Regulations (Annexures I to IV).
Note that it is not possible to provide any further guidance on the likely categorization of activities,
beyond what is presented here. These are therefore indicative categorizations and the final
categorization decision rests with the EIA Authority.

Although projects under category A+ and A will not be financed by MozBio 2, they are included here
to assist the FNDS Safeguards Team during project planning and screening - in the comparative
analysis of proposed subprojects – to determine activity categorization.

Table 1 - Indicative EIA category per project type for possible MozBio 2 subprojects

Subproject Type Category Category Category Category

A+ A B C

Main subprojects
Building
Buildings inside conservation areas (when x
the proponent is the Conservation Area itself)
Road
Mains roads outside urban areas x
Small bridges / drifts
Bridges longer than 100m x
Agriculture
Sub-division of land for agriculture in areas x
greater than 350ha (with irrigation) and
100ha (without irrigation)
Introduction of new or exotic crops x
Irrigation systems for areas greater than x
350ha
Spraying (aerial or ground) of individual or x
cumulative areas greater than 1000ha

85
Irrigation agriculture with individual or x
cumulative area between 50-100ha
Livestock farming
Intensive livestock farming with more than: x
• 50,000 poultry animals/year;
• 1,500 male pigs and/or 100 breeding
female pigs/year;
• 500 cattle/year in individual or cumulative
area of 1000ha (smaller, equal or greater
than)
Extensive livestock farming with more than: x
• 500 cattle/year in area of 2000ha
(4ha/animal) (smaller, equal or greater
than)
• 2000 animals/year (small ruminants -
goats and sheep)
Poultry production - 1000-1500 animals/year x
Poultry production – 1000 animals/year x
Forestry and Forest Products
Vegetation clearing (indigenous vegetation), x
sub-division and exploration in areas greater
than 100ha
All deforestation activities greater than 50ha x
and reforestation and forestation in areas
greater than 250ha
Fisheries
Industrial fishing activities which place x
greater pressure on fisheries resources
Aquaculture
Aquaculture activities with production greater x
than 100t/year
Processing (plant and animal)
Industrial flour mills x
Abattoir / slaughterhouse x
Fish processing x
Milk and associated products processing x
Juice production x
Food and drink processing with production x
rates greater than 10t/day
Processing and conservation of fruits and x
horticulture products – 300t/day
Bakery / bread production x
Supporting activities
Water supply, sanitation and effluent disposal
Water pipes with diameter greater than 0.5m x
and longer than 10kms
Water supply, sanitation and effluent disposal x
Vegetation clearing
Vegetation clearing (indigenous vegetation) x
in areas 100-200 ha
Electricity supply and distribution
Transmission and distribution lines greater x
than 66KV
Transmission and distribution lines less than x
66KV
Transmission and distribution with 33KV x

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Table 2 - Indicative EIA category per environmental and social characteristics of the
project site for potential MozBio 2 subprojects, which corresponds to an exclusion list
for MozBio 2

Issue Category A+ Category A

Number of Populated areas requiring

affected persons resettlement
and communities

Affected Activities in areas of high biodiversity Areas and ecosystems with

ecosystems, value: special protection status under
plants and • Habitats of significant importance for national and internal law such as:
animals, and their critically endangered or endangered • Areas prone to erosion
relevance for species in terms of national and • Areas of archeological,
biodiversity and international law historical and cultural value
ecosystem • Habitats of significant importance for for protection
services endemic species/those with limited • Areas containing springs
range • Groundwater reservoirs
• Habitats of significant importance for
in-country protected species
• Habitats that create conditions for the
significant concentration of migratory
/ congregational species
• Highly threatened or unique
ecosystems
• Areas associated with key
evolutionary processes such as
mangroves

Activities whose execution would directly

affect (…) primary dunes, mangroves or
marshes/swamps in areas greater than
1ha

Native forests

Unique scenery

Areas with plant/animal species, habitats

and ecosystem in extinction

Processing of products involving

GMOs/their derivatives (NB for agriculture
and aquaculture projects)

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 Annex 2 – Other Relevant Legal Requirements

Other Relevant Legal Requirements

Water Resources and Water Quality

The management of water resources in Mozambique is set by the National Water

Policy and the Water Law (Law Nr. 16/91 of 3 August). According to Article 18 of the
Water Law, the Regional Water Administrations (ARA), organized on the basis of river
basins, are the institutions responsible for water management.

The Water Law defines as a basis for the management of water resources the principle
of "user pays" and "polluter pays" and the system of concessions and licenses. These
factors are based on principles of environmental sustainability.

The Environmental Quality Standards and of Emissions and Effluents Regulations

(Decree Nr. 18/2004) regulates certain parameters of water quality, such as the use
of agricultural and recreational purposes, as well as the parameters of the emissions
and industrial and domestic effluents.

Standards of water quality for human consumption are included in the Regulation on
the Quality of Water for Human Consumption approved by Ministerial Decree Nr.
180/2004. This Regulation applies to supply systems for drinking water, including
surface and groundwater used for direct consumption or for production of water for
human consumption. The Ministry of Health is the authority responsible for ensuring
the quality of water for human consumption.

Regulation of public systems of water supply and wastewater disposal (Decree Nr.
30/2003 of 1 July) defines technical provisions for these projects.
Coastal Management

Regulation for the Prevention of Pollution and Marine and Coastal Environment
Protection (Decree Nr. 45/2006 of 30 November) states, among others, the legal basis
for the prevention of marine and coastal pollution by land-based sources, and the
protection and conservation of public areas such as maritime, lake and river, beaches
and fragile ecosystems, where the following should be emphasized:

• Article 66 defines Partial Protection Areas, which include, among others, the
band of coastline and contour of islands, bays and estuaries, measured from
the maximum high-water mark of the sea, 100 meters into the territory. The
rights of use and enjoyment of land cannot be acquired and can only be issued
special permits for the exercise of certain activities.

The construction of infrastructure in the areas identified above should only be

made by compliance with standards and standards of environmental quality
and landscape. It should also be made in such a way that, for every 100
meters, there is free access to the beach for any citizen, especially for local
communities.

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• Article 67 further stipulates that in zones of partial protection and fragile
ecosystems, including mangroves and dunes, is only permissible – by special
permit – the construction of basic infrastructure such as water, electricity,

89
 telecommunications, drainage of sewage, solid waste services, small
constructions and other removable material of a similar nature.

The Use of Sea Territory is covered by (Decree nr. 21/2017) that prioritises the
preservation, protection and restoration of marine biodiversity and the maintenance of
ecosystem services. It sets out two distinct marine-based spatial planning and
management instruments:
1. the Status Plan, is a sea use plan that maps existent natural and cultural
resources as well as current and planned uses, requiring a strategic
environmental assessment (SEA). The preparation of this plan is responsibility
of the Ministry of Sea;
2. the Allocation Plan, refers to new proposals of sea use, to be submitted by
public or private proponents) for approval of the Ministry of Sea. It requires an
ESIA. When the proposed uses are approved, they become an integral part of
that Plan.
This regulation also defines that marine areas may be used as either public or private
domain. Private use, however, requires a Private Use Title, similar to the titles for land
use rights.

Air Emissions, Air Quality and Noise

The Environment Law prohibits the release of any toxic and polluting substance to the
atmosphere outside the legally established limits. The Regulation on Environmental
Quality Standards and Wastewater Emission (Decree Nr. 18/2004, revised by Decree Nr.
67/2010) sets emission standards for pollutants for stationary and mobile sources as
well as key parameters that should characterize the air quality.

Regarding noise, the Regulation on Environmental Quality Standards and Wastewater

Emission states that MITADER will approve the noise patterns (by the date of this
report these standards had not yet been published).
Solid Waste Management

The Regulation of Solid Waste Management was recently approved by Decree Nr.
13/2006. The purpose of this regulation is to establish rules concerning production,
storage in soil and subsoil, the launch for water or atmosphere of any toxic substances
and pollution, as well as the practice of polluting activities that accelerate
environmental degradation in order to prevent or minimize their negative impacts on
health and the environment.

The Regulation classifies waste as hazardous and non-hazardous and attributes to MICOA
the power regarding management of hazardous wastes, including the licensing of
establishments engaged in the management of hazardous or toxic waste.

This regulation states that the public and private entities that generate waste should
have a Plan of Waste Management before the start of their activities with a five years
validity period from the date of its approval.

Regulations on the Management of Hazardous Wastes (Decree nº83/2014) it establishes the

legal framework on the management of hazardous waste. Hazardous solid waste
should be segregated according to the classes defined in the regulation, and each

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 producer or manufacturer must have at least technical conditions for the disposal of
the waste in its possession (Ar. 13). Collection of hazardous solid waste is the sole
responsibility of the producing entities ( Art.15). Hazardous solid waste may only be
transported outside the premises of the entities by transport operators previously certified for this
purpose (Article 16)

The Regulation on Urban Waste Management (Decree nº94 / 2014) establishes the legal
framework on the management of municipal solid waste and industrial and hospital waste,
similar to urban waste, and is applied to all natural and legal persons, public and private
Pesticides
The Pesticides Management Regulation (Decree Nr. 6/2009 of 31 March 2009) applies to
the registration, production, donation, trading, importation, exportation, packing, storage,
transport, handling, use and elimination of pesticides and adjuvants, by individual or
collective persons, for agricultural, animal rearing, forestry, public health protection,
domestic and other purposes. According to this regulation only pesticides registered with
the National Directorate of Agrarian Services (DNSA) can be used in Mozambique. These
include a list of pesticides products that are regularly published, including the product
classification according to their toxic potential (Article 9).
There is no regulation on integrated pest management or organic production.
Ownership of Land and Land Use Planning

According to Article 3 of the Land Law (Law Nr. 19/97) the earth is owned by the state.

The Land Law (Law Nr. 19/2007 of 18 July) aims to ensure the organization of national
space and sustainable use of its natural resources, observing the legal, administrative,
cultural and material conducive to social and economic development of the country,
promoting quality of life and the protection of the environment.

Defines that it is the State and Local Government responsibility to promote, coordinate
and monitor spatial planning in an articulated fashion (Article 6). At the local
administrative level, it sets as tools for land planning the Urban Structure Plans,
General Plans and Partial Urban and Detailed Plans.

The Land Law is regulated by Decree Nr. 23/200 of 1 July, which describes in detail
the purpose and content of the instruments for land planning, and regulates the land
classification. It also establishes that the approval of development plans includes a
public participation process.

The Land Use Planning Law (Law Nr 19/2007) provides the legal framework for
regional planning. It delegates specific competencies for regional planning to the State
and municipalities. The Regulation o n Land Use Planning Law (Decree Nr. 23/2008)
enacts the provisions of the law and establishes guidelines for the different categories
of regional land uses, including the Provincial Territorial Development Plan 32 and the
District Land Use Plan33.

The Law of the State Local Bodies (2003) sets out the functions, responsibilities and
organization of government structure at different spheres of governance (provincial,
district, administrative, and local). The law enables the involvement of all spheres of

32Plano Provincial de Desenvolvimento Territorial (PPDT)

33Plano Distrital de Uso da Terra (PDUT)

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government in key decision-making (e.g. district administrators approve land use and
territorial plans, and identify protected areas).

Cultural Heritage

The Cultural Heritage Act (Law Nr. 10/88) was designed to legally protect the tangible
and intangible cultural heritage of Mozambique. For the purposes of the Act, the
Cultural Heritage is defined as "a set of tangible and intangible assets created or
integrated by the Mozambican people throughout history, with relevance for the
definition of Mozambique’s cultural identity."

The cultural properties include: monuments, groups of buildings of historical, artistic or

scientific relevance, locations or sites (with archaeological, historical, aesthetic,
ethnological or anthropological interest), and natural elements (physical and biological
formations with particular interest from the aesthetic or scientific point of view).

Article 13 stipulates that in case of discovery of any places, buildings, objects or

documents that may be classified as goods of cultural heritage, it shall be reported to
the nearest administrative authority within 48 hours (Article 10).

It should be stressed that the Mozambican legal framework is provided by the Law of
Forestry and Wildlife of the existence of conservation areas in the protection zones,
Areas of Use and Historical and Cultural Value, for the conservation of places of
historical importance or with use cultural benefit to local communities.

Archaeological heritage is regulated by the Archaeological Heritage Protection

Regulation (Decree 27/94, of 20 July) which defines such heritage as: “assets of
archaeological, anthropological or geological value, which relate to previous
generations and which are discovered by accident, during prospecting and survey or
during archaeological digs”.
Protected and Conservation Areas

The Land Law, approved by Law Nr. 19/97, classifies as public areas the total and partial
protection areas, where the right of land use is not allowed. Conservation Areas are
classified as total protection zones (Article 7), where any activity could only by allowed
through a special license (Art. 9) to be issued by the Ministry uncharged of the conservation
area, through the model defined in Decree Nr. 53/2011.

Under the Regulation of Land Law, the partial protection areas include, among others,
the stretch of sea, and in contour lines, bays and estuaries as the line of maximum
high tide to 100 meters into the territory, land occupied by roads, with a bordering strip
of 30 meters for primary roads and 15 meters for secondary and tertiary roads,
bordering strip of 50 m on each side of telecommunications carriers, electricity and
water and range land 100 meters adjoining military installations and other facilities for
defense and state security (Article 8).

The Regulations for Forestry and Wildlife, determine communities as having have an
inalienable right to draw benefit from conservation that uses land and resources over
which they have tenure or hold rights of access and use.

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 ▪ It proposes 20% of concession fees should go to local communities living inside the
concession area.
▪ Communities associated with a conservation area have a right to participate in decision
making that affects them, their livelihood and wellbeing.

▪ Local Participatory Management Councils (COGEPs) constituted as

associations with representation of all stakeholders with interests in the use of
natural resources in a given area may be created as a mechanism for articulating
and defend participants’ interests.

The Ministerial Diploma Nr. 93/2005 of May 4 th creates the mechanisms for channeling
and utilizing the 20% of taxes to benefit local communities. This stipulates that funds
can only be received by a community organized in a legalized association with a bank
account prior to distribution to beneficiaries. Associations may be related to the use of
marine or terrestrial resources as are local Fisheries Community Councils (CCP) and
management fora at local, district and provincial levels - Co-Management Committees
(Fisheries legislation) and Natural Resource Management Committees (CGRN)
(Forestry and wildlife legislation).

Involuntary Resettlement

After many years of not having a single instrument to guide resettlement planning and
action on 8 August 2012 the GOM decided to fill the gap by approving this instrument
through Decree Nr. 31/2012.
Article 15 indicates that a Resettlement Action Plan is part of the Environmental
Impacts Assessment, as per Decree 45/2004, of September 29 of the latter process.
In December 2015, after a long consultative process this decree was replaced by
Decree 54/2015, which will be enacted soon (1st of April 2016) to be the main guiding
document for ESIA processes. In many aspects and particularly those related with
resettlement the new decree is similar to the aforementioned.
In terms of principles the new (resettlement) regulation establishes that the
resettlement process should ensure social cohesion, social equity and direct benefits
in that affected people should directly benefit from the interventions that caused their
resettlement and respective socioeconomic impacts.
In the definition of objectives, the regulation restates the principle of turning
resettlement into a development opportunity by allowing affected people to enjoy
quality life, social equity and ensuring the sustainability of the physical, environmental,
social and economic aspects around them.
In line with the ultimate interest of linking resettlement with District Land Use Plans, it
also indicates that District Governments should approve resettlement action plans and
that this should be done by the department that supervises land use planning at that
level. As said the links between resettlement and land use plans have been further
reinforced by the recent establishment of a national directorate that deals cumulatively
with land use plan and resettlement, i.e. the national directorate of land use planning
and resettlement (DNPTR), within MITADER,
In relation to the rights of the affected people, the regulation states that these are
entitled to:
1. The reestablishment of income and living standards that are equal and/or
superior to what they had before resettlement;
2. Have their assets transported to the new site;
3. Live in an area with adequate social and economic infrastructure;

93
 4. Have enough space to develop their subsistence activities; and
5. Give their opinions throughout the entire resettlement process.
It then elaborates on the various units that, from the government side, should closely
supervise, monitor and evaluate the resettlement process to ensure that the best
practices are adopted and that lessons are learnt to benefit the process at hand and
other related processes in the country.
Article 13 of the Regulation deals with “Public Participation” and emphasizes that
resettlement should be participatory throughout its phases and that major public
meetings should be formally made known. Article 14 highlights the importance of the
“Right to Information” by affected people and other relevant stakeholders. In relation
to public participation and disclosure in general, Article 23 clearly states that the
planning, preparation and implementation of a RAP should result in at least four (4)
public meetings, which should be heralded in local media.

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Articles 16, 17 and 18 deal with specific aspects related with the types of resettlement,
land and housing specifications, including details about the social and economic
infrastructure that should be made available to the resettled people.
Articles 19, 20, 21 and 22 delve into the steps and work contents related with the
planning, preparation and implementation of the RAP and provide the guidelines to be
adhered to.
In 2014 additional regulations were enacted aimed at providing greater guidance on
the practical aspects of implementing the main decree, namely Decree Nr. 155/2014
on the Internal Regulation for Resettlement Technical Commission and Decree Nr.
156/2014 Technical Guidelines for Preparation and Implementation of Resettlement
Action Plan.

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97
Annex 3 - Environmental and Social Screening Checklist

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 MozBio 2

Environmental and Social Screening Checklist

This Environmental and Social Screening Checklist aims to support the

evaluation of eligibility for funding of proposed MOZBIO-2 subprojects. It assists
in the identification of required safeguard / environmental and social
management instruments.

The checklist comprises six sections, as follows:

1. Subproject identification

2. Description of activities (supported by specific tables for different types of projects in

the Appendix of this Checklist – Buildings, Roads, Agriculture, Forestry & Forest
Resources, Livestock, Aquaculture, Tourism, Processing Activity).
3. Site description (environmental and social conditions)
4. Stakeholder engagement
5. Initial screening of impacts and impact management
6. Subproject categorization

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1 - SUBPROJECT IDENTIFICATION
To be filled by the CA Landscape PIU Safeguard jointly with the team preparing
the subproject proposal
Subproject title

MozBio 2 Component
(Component 2 or 3)
Location Elephant Chimanimani Marromeu
• CA Landscape and Coast
target area Inside the Landscape
CA

• District

• Administrative Post

• Community

• Coordinates

Subproject Proponent
(where applicable)
• Contact Person

• Cell phone

• Email

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2 - DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES

Select the applicable Description of Activities Table(s) from the Appendix to this Checklist
– i.e
• Building
• Roads
• Agriculture
• Forestry and Forest Products
• Livestock
• Tourism
• Processing Activity

Note that a subproject could require filling out more than one Description of Activities table,
for example, an agriculture subproject could include construction of warehouse (building) or
a processing plant would require filling information related both to the building and the
processing activity.

To be filled by the Safeguard Assistant of the MozBio 2 Landscape Management Unit jointly
with the team preparing the subproject proposal

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3- SITE DESCRIPTION

To be filled by the CA Landscape PIU Safeguard

(Include two Google Images: one showing the subproject surrounding area and
another zooming in of the subproject site, highlighting relevant features)

Land tenure (DUAT, Provisional DUAT,

voluntary agreement for land use, other)
and its duration (attach copy of document).

In the absence of formal land tenure

document, follow the FNDS’s Land
Tenure Regularization Screening Process.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Description of key landscape features in
the area (mountain, inselberg, coast line).
Describe the type of soil (predominantly
sandy/ clay / rocky;) predominant soil
colour (white / red / brown).
Describe the topography of the subproject
site (hill, slope, plain area, etc).
Is the area in pristine condition (natural
forest or landscape) or is the area already
transformed (agriculture, residential,
natural resource extraction area, etc).
Are there any signs of erosion at the site or
surrounding areas (gullies, ravines, etc) –
include photo.
Is there a water body (water line, river,
lagoon, water fall) within or in close
proximity to the site?

Please indicate approximate distance and

location (include rough drawing).

Is the water body permanent or

temporary? Include photo.

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Is the site in an area prone to inundation or
flooding?

When was the last recorded event when

flooding occurred? Please provide details
(when, recorded damage, etc).

What are the current water uses (in the site,

upstream and downstream) - drinking,
washing, agriculture, cattle, fishing,
mining, recreational activities, others?

Please provide an indication of distances

from site where the above activities take
place.
Are there known existing sources of
pollution to air, water or land in the
vicinity of the project area?

Please consider the following activities as

sources of pollutants: artisanal mining,
commercial agriculture, manufacturing,
food processing, tourism and recreational
activities, etc.
BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT
Identify the type of vegetation unit where
the site is integrated (miombo, costal
forest, grassland, etc), describe the level of
disturbance and its causes.
Describe the type of vegetation within the
site (identify plant species, mainly trees
and include photos).

Identify known or potential sensitive

habitats within the site or close by such as
riparian vegetation, wetlands, swamps,
mangroves, dunes. (Please provide location
on GoogleEarth image and include
photos).

List wildlife occurring in and around the

site and provide the source of the
information (ranger, community member,
tourism operators, etc.).

Indicate whether known or potential

human-wildlife conflicts have occurred /
are likely to occur in future. Provide the

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source of the information (ranger,
community member, tourism operators,
etc.).

LAND USE AND USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES – consider communities within

a 10km radius, likely to be involved in / affected by the project (refer to the Social
Assessment).
Describe the current land use(s) at project
site and immediate surroundings (paths,
subsistence agriculture, pasture, collection
of forest resources such as wood, thatch,
medicinal plants, exploitation of mineral
resources such as sand, rock, etc).
Distances to the closest 1 – 3 communities
and the closest house(s) (locate in Google
Earth image and include photos).

Describe the type of settlement – clustered,

scattered, located along the road – and
indicate density (high, medium, low).

LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES – consider communities within a 10km

radius, likely to be involved in / affected by the project and others with known functional
linkages (refer to the Social Assessment)..
List the main livelihood activities:
subsistence agriculture (identify crops and
size of plots), livestock (cattle, goats,
poultry), fishing, mineral resources
extraction (gold, sand, stones, others),
forestry resources (wood, charcoal, reeds,
clay, food and medicinal plants), etc.

List the general system and inputs into

production: use of manual and/or
mechanized equipment (type); use of
pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
(agriculture); use of antibiotics and
pesticides (livestock).

Existing economic activities: commercial

agriculture (identify crops, size of plots
and/or production yields, and where
activity is already connected to a value
chain, identify the company/program,
livestock farming, etc).

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Indicate the approximate distances
between the project site and the above
activities.

List the general system and inputs into

production: use of manual and/or
mechanized equipment (type); use of
pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
(agriculture); use of antibiotics and
pesticides (livestock).

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT

Infrastructure at / close to the project site:
access road (paved/unpaved and general
condition); travel time to district
headquarters); utilities such as water
supply (water network, borehole, hand
pump), electricity (generator, solar panel,
municipal grid), communication (mobile
phone, internet), public transport, others.

Identify distances or travel time where

relevant.
Social and economic infrastructure and
services close to the project site and
distances between facilities and the
communities: education, health, police,
court, market, shop, bank, etc.

COMMUNITY DYNAMICS – consider communities within a 10km radius, likely to

be involved in / affected by the project.
Ethnic group(s) and religion(s). Indicate
whether there is a predominant group
and/or religion.

Known cultural and religious practices:

rights to property including land, puberty
rites, marriage (bride price/lobola,
polygamy, divorce), family size, etc.
Education: Describe literacy levels and
provide data on completion rates for girls
and boys from the local EP1 and EP2
schools (District data from INE could be one
source of information, that could be complemented
by information from the DDE).
Employment: What are the main sources of
employment and income in the area?

105
Are women employed? In what sectors and
in what types of jobs?
What are the trends of population
migration within the area (to or from
where, by whom men/women, youth?)?
Are there indications / signs of social ills
(alcoholism, drug abuse, domestic
violence, prostitution or other forms of
sexual abuse and exploitation, public
violence) or criminality?

Are these observations or are there records

of incidents such as with police, traditional
authorities, etc?

Please explain if are there any specific

trends associated with the occurrence (ex:
seasonal higher income, influx of
emigrants, etc.
Are there CBO or NGOs active in the
area? Identify names and types of activity
carried out locally (agriculture, health,
education, gender, conservation, etc).

Do they collect or earn money and have

bank accounts?
Are women in the community involved in
community groups and CBOs?

Do women have the right to own or co-

own land ?

Do women inherit land and do they inherit

other property?

Do men inherit the wives of deceased

family members?

Are women involved in activities other

than agriculture? What activities?

Are there women in leadership positions

within the community (including in CBO?)

What are the main activities carried out by

young girls? – to help the family, for
leisure?

106
And for young men?

What are the school attendance levels for

boys and girls?

What aspirations does each group have for

the future of the area, and their own
futures?

Are there identified vulnerable individuals

or groups / families in the surrounding area
(ex: households led by children or the
elderly, or families with chronic disease or
disabilities)?
Do these individuals and/or families
receive social assistance? If yes, which
entities provide assistance?

CULTURAL HERITAGE
Are there any sacred sites or sites of
cultural heritage (ex: churches, sacred
sites, sacred forests, graves) within the site
or in the surrounding area?

Are there any sites of community

importance for social or recreational
activities.

107
4 - STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Identify when / where consultation
regarding the project took place.

Which stakeholders where involved?

What key issues were raised and what

outcomes were noted?

Did those who participated sign minutes

of the meeting? Please attach a photo of
these.

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5 - INITIAL SCREENING OF IMPACTS AND IMPACT MANAGEMENT
To be filled by the by the CA Landscape PIU Safeguard with support from the FNDS Safeguard
Team
PRELIMINARY
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT / RISK IMPACT / RISK
ASSESSMENT
High

IMPACT / RISK YES / JUSTIFICATION

Medium
NO
To describe the potential impact Low
and any mitigation measure
already included in the subproject Negligible
Is there a risk of the subproject
accelerating erosion by water
and/or wind? (eg. due to
channelling or pooling of storm
water or by exposing soil?)
Are there risks of changing the
natural water drainage patterns
(eg. due to embankment of
drainage line or wetland)
Are there any risks of
contamination of water resources
(eg. due to discharge of waste
water, disposal of toxic products
or solid wastes, use of fertilizers
or pesticides)
Are there risks relating to
impacts on critical habitats such
as wetlands, riparian forest,
mountain forest, mangroves,
dunes?
Could the subproject generate
impacts on endemic, rare or
vulnerable species (eg. in IUCN
Red List)?

What types of impacts?

Consider the introduction of

exotic plant and / or animal
species, habitat change or loss,
etc.?

109
Could the subproject affect the
surrounding areas due to
significant noise, emission of
dust and odours, during
construction and operation
phases?
Are there any conflicts over land
or resources that may affect the
subproject or which may be
affected by the subproject?

Consider access to land and

resources and whether the
project might obstruct access or
make the access harder for
current users and therefore
impact on their livelihoods.
Please provide details.

May the project cause to

temporary or permanent damage
to housing, other private
structures or economic activities
(eg: fruit trees, agriculture
plots)?

Might the project cause a

household to be displaced and
have to move to another
location. How many households
would be affected this way?
Could the project affect cultural
heritage aspects? (Eg. Loss of
access to sacred sites,
exhumation of graves, etc).
What could be the impacts on
local communities, resource
users and others, during
construction or operation?
How will women and vulnerable
groups be affected by, or benefit
from the project, during
construction and operation?
What are the potential safety
issues during construction or
operation (ex: risk of road
accidents, risk of accidents with
children in the work site, risk of

110
accidents with workers) during
construction and/or operation?
Could the subproject contribute
to the spread of communicable
diseases or other diseases (as
malaria) during construction and
or operation?
Could the subproject affect food
security? How?
Would the project interfere with
subsistence socially important
areas? Explain where and how.
Might the subproject induce to
labour influx? Specify rough
estimation of workers.
Other issues

6 - SUBPROJECT CATEGORIZATION
To be filled by the FNDS Safeguard Team
As per OP4.01

Category A The subproject is likely to have significant adverse environmental and social impacts that
are sensitive, diverse (wide ranging), or unprecedented for the CA landscape.

This project cannot be funded under MozBio 2. Decline the subproject proposal or make recommendations
for improvement to reduce the subproject scope and risk to a Category B.
Category B The subproject has potential adverse environmental impacts on human populations or
environmentally important areas--including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are less
adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and
in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects.

Category C The subproject has negligible construction and operation related environmental or social impacts

Indicative categorization as per EIAR (Decree nr. 54/2015) – to be confirmed by DPTADER

Category A and A+ The subproject has at least one activity on the Category A or A+ list that may have
potentially significant environmental or social impacts, nationally significant or of a large scale.

This project cannot be funded under MozBio 2. Decline the subproject proposal or make recommendations
for improvement to reduce the subproject scope and risk to a Category B.

Category B The subproject has at least one activity on the Category B list that may have potentially
moderate environmental or social impacts.
Category C The subproject does not have any impacts on Categories A and B list and is likely to have no or low
environmental or social impact, with the positive impacts outweighing the negative impacts. Has activities
included on the Category C list.

111
 Safeguard Instrument required

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) The potential impacts require project-specific assessment
and measurement. This is required for any subproject where significant impacts are likely (as identified in the
screening checklist above) and / or the Activity is Category A or A+. The nature and scale of assessment and impact
mitigation relates to the nature and scale of the project and its potential impacts. All ESIA include an ESMP (check the
box below).:
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) All subprojects with an ESIA also require an ESMP. A
standalone ESMP (without an ESIA) is required where a subproject has potential adverse impacts which are not
significant (as determined in the checklist above) but require mitigation and management. In many cases mitigation
measures are standardized and can be readily adapted for the subproject (work site establishment, land clearance
and restoration, dust control, etc.).

Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide (ESM GPG) For subprojects with negligible or
low impacts. Includes standardized mitigation measures that can be readily adapted for the subproject.

Community Agreement and Action Plan (CA&AP) The subproject will cause restrictions in access and use of natural
resources in legally designated conservation area or will adversely impact livelihoods. (see Process Framework)

Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (RP) or Compensation Plan (CP) if the subproject causes minor losses
of property . (see Resettlement Policy Framework)

Foreseen EIAR Instrument required

Simplified Environmental Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental Management Plan (ESMP) to be developed by
an Independent Environmental Consultant registered in MITADER as environmental consultant.

Manual of Good Practices for Environmental and Social Management Includes codes of conduct to be adhered
by the subproject during construction and operation phases.

On behalf of the FNDS Safeguard Team

Name:____________________________ Title: ______________________________________

Signature: Date:_____/_____/_____

Additional contributors (where applicable):

Name:_________________________________Title: ______________________________________

Name:________________________________ Title: ______________________________________

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 Appendix –Description of Activity

BUILDING
2 - DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIY - BUILDING
Subproject Purpose
(Eg. office, residence, education centre,
warehouse, processing plant, etc)
Estimated area to be occupied – including
infrastructure and associated grounds
(footprint …m x…m)
Construction Phase
What type of building materials will be used
to build the project (conventional building,
local materials, prefabricated, etc).

Indicate possible locations and estimated

distances to the location(s) where materials
will be sourced from, especially aggregates,
water and stones.
Will support facilities be required for
construction (access road, quarries,
wharf/jetty, water supply, etc). If yes, please
indicate which.
Will water supply be required? If yes identify
the water source (existing or new water
source and system, such as borehole, river,
dam, etc).
Operations Phase
Will water supply be required? If yes identify
the water source (existing or new water
source and system, such as borehole, river,
dam, etc).
What effluent treatment and disposal system
will be used (improved latrine, septic tank,
grease/water separators, sewage treatment
plant)?

What is the planned final discharge point for

the liquid waste stream (pit, soak-away,
drainage line/river, lake, bush, etc).

Will electricity be required?

If yes, identify the source (electricity

network, generator and type of fuel, solar
panel, etc).

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If electricity will be generated on site via
generator, please indicate planned fuel
storage type and capacity (above / below
ground tank, drums, etc).

Labour – Construction
What is the planned total number of workers:
<10; 10-25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if
greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

Can workers be recruited locally?

Are there opportunities for women to be
involved in construction activities? Describe
these opportunities (eg. House-keeping,
cooking, flag-women, administrative support,
etc).
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers:
<10; 10-25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if
greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally

recruited?
Are there opportunities for women to be
involved in operational activities? Describe
these opportunities (eg. House-keeping,
general labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be
provided to the workforce during operations
(transport, accommodation, training, etc).

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to
bring?

Consider employment, training, income

generating opportunities, improved
livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project
likely to bring?

Consider improved conservation outcomes,

improved landscape management, habitat
remediation, improved environmental

114
management practices (including pollution
prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex:
construction/improvement of access road,
irrigation scheme, warehouse, market, etc) to
be described in specific subproject
Description Of Activities table

115
ROAD
2 - DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY - ROAD
Subproject Purpose (to connect … to …. / to
improve access conditions for….)
New road or upgrade to existing road?

Length of road

Width of road

To be paved / unpaved road surface (compacted

sand, tar, blocks)
Will the road require embankments and/or
excavations greater than 1 metre?
If yes indicate the approximate maximum height.
Will the road include bridges or drifts?
If yes indicate length and materials to be used.
Include photos (site, upstream and downstream)
of the waterway to be crossed.

Construction Phase
What type of building materials will be used to
build the project (conventional building, local
materials, etc).

Indicate possible locations and estimated

distances to the location(s) where materials will
be sourced from, especially aggregates, water
and stones.
Will support facilities be required for
construction (access road, quarries, wharf/jetty,
water supply, etc). If yes, please indicate which.
Will water supply be required? If yes identify
the water source (existing or new water source
and system, such as borehole, river, dam, etc).
Labour – Construction
What is the planned total number of workers:
<10; 10-25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if
greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

116
Can workers be recruited locally?
Are there opportunities for women to be
involved in construction activities? Describe
these opportunities (eg. House-keeping, cooking,
flag-women, administrative support, etc).
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex:
construction/improvement of access road,
irrigation scheme, warehouse, market, etc) to be
described in specific Description Of Activities
table

117
AGRICULTURE
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY - AGRICULTURE

Purpose of the project

Subsistence or commercial agriculture?

New, expansion or improvement of existing activity?
If existing activity, briefly describe this.
Is it related to any outgrower scheme? If yes, identify which.
Number of agriculture plots to be included (if more
than one).
Total area (including all plots) (m2 or hectares).
Proposed crops
List existing (if applicable) crops and future crops.
Are these crops already being produced in the landscape?
Rainfed or irrigation (if irrigation is planned, then identify
the water source and the irrigation system – open channels,
sprinklers, drop, other)
Will synthetic fertilizers and/or pesticides be used?
Pest management strategy to be applied?
What markets are being targeted for the final product?
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-
25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally recruited?

Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities
(eg. general labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to the
workforce during operations (transport, accommodation,
training, etc).

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider employment, training, income generating

opportunities, improved livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to
bring? Consider improved conservation outcomes,
improved landscape management, habitat remediation,
improved environmental management practices
(including pollution prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES

118
Associated activities (ex: construction/improvement of
access road, irrigation scheme, warehouse, market, etc) to be
described in specific Description Of Activities Table
FORESTRY AND FOREST RESOURCES
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY – FORESTRY AND FOREST RESOURCES

Purpose of the project

(community forest, commercial forest, rehabilitation of
degraded area, collection of forest resources, beekeeping, etc)
Total area (including all plots) (m2 or hectares)

New, expansion or improvement of existing activity?

If existing activity, briefly describe this.
Proposed tree species.

Rainfed or irrigation (if irrigation is planned, then identify

the water source and the irrigation system – open channels,
sprinklers, drop, other)
Will synthetic fertilizers and/or pesticides be used?

What markets are being targeted for the final product?

Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-25;
25-50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally recruited?

Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities (eg. general
labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to the
workforce during operations (transport, accommodation,
training, etc).

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider employment, training, income generating

opportunities, improved livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider improved conservation outcomes, improved

landscape management, habitat remediation, improved
environmental management practices (including pollution
prevention), etc.

119
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex: construction/improvement of access
road, irrigation scheme, warehouse, market, etc) to be
described in specific Description of Activities Table
LIVESTOCK
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES - LIVESTOCK

Purpose of the project

New or expansion of existing activity?
If existing activity, briefly describe this.
Identify the species to be created and the number
of animals foreseen
In case of open grazing, identify the size of the
grazing area.
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-
25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally recruited?

Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities
(eg. general labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to
the workforce during operations (transport,
accommodation, training, etc).

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider employment, training, income generating

opportunities, improved livelihoods / production
yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to
bring?

Consider improved conservation outcomes, improved

landscape management, habitat remediation,
improved environmental management practices
(including pollution prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (eg: construction/improvement of
access road, irrigation scheme, warehouse, market,
etc) to be described in specific Description of
Activities Table

120
AQUACULTURE
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES - AQUACULTURE

Purpose of the project

New or expansion of existing activity?
If existing activity, briefly describe this.
Identify the species to be produced
Will the project use purpose-built tanks/ponds or will a natural
water body be used? If in a natural body identify (sea, lagoon,
etc)
If in tanks identify the size of the total area to be used (m2
or hectares)
For purpose-built tanks, identify the source of the water.
Describe other potential users of water from the same
source (type of use).
If in water bodies describe the technology to be used, and if
there are already other aquaculture projects in the same water
body (in case of lagoon) or in close proximity in the case of
projects planned for the sea.
Provide an overview of pollution prevention measures that
are built into the design (eg. Water treatment prior to
discharge, others).
Will antibiotics, pesticides or other chemicals be used?
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-25; 25-
50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).
Where will the workforce be sourced from?
How many of these workers can be locally recruited?
Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities (eg. general
labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to the
workforce during operations (transport, accommodation,
training, etc).

What markets are being targeted for the final product?

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring? Consider
employment, training, income generating opportunities,
improved livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to bring?
Consider improved conservation outcomes, improved landscape
management, habitat remediation, improved environmental
management practices (including pollution prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex: construction/improvement of
access road, warehouse, market, etc) to be described in
specific Description of Activities table

121
TOURISM
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES - TOURISM

Purpose of the project (accommodation, recreational

activity, game farming, other)
New or rehabilitation expansion of existing activity?
If existing activity, briefly describe this.
In case of accommodation identify the number of beds
In case of recreational activity describe it and if applicable
provide information about the size of the area to be used.
In case of game farming provide information about the
area and the species to be introduced.
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-
25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally recruited?

Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities
(eg. general labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to the
workforce during operations (transport, accommodation,
training, etc).
Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider employment, training, income generating

opportunities, improved livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider improved conservation outcomes, improved

landscape management, habitat remediation, improved
environmental management practices (including pollution
prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex: construction/improvement
of access road, buildings, etc) to be described in
specific Description of Activities table

122
PROCESSING ACTIVITY
DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITIES- PROCESSING ACTIVITY

Purpose of the project

New or rehabilitation / expansion of existing activity?

If existing activity, briefly describe this.
List the raw materials to be processed
Identify the technology(ies) to be used (eg. cereal mill,
drying, boiling, sorting and packaging, cold chain
storage, other)
If the process requires water, identify the water source
(existing water supply system/network, borehole, river);
estimated water demand, water efficiency measures already
considered, proposed wastewater treatment system,
proposed site for wastewater discharge
Will the process require electricity? If yes identify the source
(electricity network, generator and its fuel, solar panel, etc)
Identify type of solid wastes to be generated and any
proposed management measures already being considered
(to avoid, reuse, recycle, treat or dispose the waste)
Does the process generate dust? If yes, identify any measures
already being considered to avoid the emission of particulate
matter and its impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors
Does the process generate noise and vibration? If yes,
identify any measures already being considered to
avoid noise and vibrations and their impacts on
surrounding sensitive receptors
Does the process generate odours? If yes, identify any
measures already being considered to minimize/prevent
odours and it impacts on surrounding sensitive receptors
What markets are being targeted for the final product(s)?
Labour – Operations
What is the planned total number of workers: <10; 10-
25; 25-50; >50 (specify how many if greater than 50).

Where will the workforce be sourced from?

How many of these workers can be locally recruited?

Are there opportunities for women to be involved in
operational activities? Describe these opportunities
(eg. general labour, administrative support, etc).
What infrastructure and support will be provided to the
workforce during operations (transport, accommodation,
training, etc).

Benefits
What social benefits is the project likely to bring?

123
Consider employment, training, income generating
opportunities, improved livelihoods / production yields, etc.
What environmental benefits is the project likely to bring?

Consider improved conservation outcomes, improved

landscape management, habitat remediation, improved
environmental management practices (including pollution
prevention), etc.
ASSOCIATED ACTIVITIES
Associated activities (ex: construction/improvement of
access road, construction of buildings etc) to be described
in specific Description of Activity table

124
Annex 4 - Preliminary Environmental Information Sheet (Annex IV – Decree 54/2015)

125
1. Nome da Actividade: ________________________________

2. Tipo de Actividade:

a)
Turística Industrial Agro-pecuária Outro
b)
Novo Reabilitação Expansão

3. Identificação do(s) Proponente(s):

4. Endereço/Contacto:

5. Localização da Actividade:

5.1 Localização Administrativa

Bairro de_______________Vila/Cidade______________
Localidade__________________Distrito____________
Província_______________
Coordenadas Geográficas_______________

5.2 Meio de Inserção:

Urbana Rural

6. Enquadramento no zoneamento

Espaço Industrial Serviços Área Verde

habitacional

7. Descrição da Actividade

7.1 Infra-estruturas da actividade, suas dimensões e capacidade instalada :(utilizar sempre que
possivel peças escritas e desenhadas da actividade)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.2 Actividades Associadas:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.3 Breve descrição da tecnologia de construção e operação:

.........................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................

126
 7.4 Actividades principais e complementares:
.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.5 Tipo, origem e quantidade de mão de obra:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.6 Tipo, origem e quantidade de matéria-prima:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.7 Produtos químicos citados quimicamente a serem utilizados

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.8 Tipo, origem e quantidade de consumo de água e energia:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.9 Origem e quantidade de combustíveis e lubrificantes a serem usados:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

7.10 Outras recursos necessários:

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

8. Posse da Terra (situação legal relativa a aquisição de espaço físico):

.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

9. Alternativas para localização das actividades: (Motivo da escolha do local de implantação da

actividade, indicando pelo menos dois locaisl alternativos)
.........................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................

10. Breve informação relativa a situação ambiental de referência local e regional:

10.1 Características físicas do local de realização das actividades:

Planície Planalto Vale Montanha

10.2 Ecossistemas Predominantes:

Rio Lago Mar Terrestre

10.3 Zona de localização:

127
 Zona Costeira Zona do Interior Ilha

10.4 Tipo de Vegetação Predominante:

Floresta Savana Outro

(especifique)_____________

10.5 Uso do solo segundo o plano de estrutura o ou política vigente:

Agricultura Residencial Industrial Protecção Outro

(especifique)_________

10.6 Principais infra-estruturas existentes em redor da área de actividade:

..................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

11. Informação complementar através de mapas

▪ Mapa de localização (à escala conveniente)
▪ Mapa de enquadramento da actividade na zona de localização (à escala conveniente)
▪ Outra informação que julgar relevante

Maputo...., de.....de 200...

128
Annex 5 - Guidelines for preparation of TOR for Simplified Environmental
Assessment and Specific Environmental and Social Management Plan

129
1. Objectives of the ToR
This section should identify the subproject and its proponent, and the services required, based on
the result of the screening process.

2. Background Information
The ToR should provide pertinent background information for preparing the SES and ESMP. This
would include a brief description of information about the MozBio project (global objective and
objective of the component that includes the subproject), the implementing agency - ANAC,
Project components, especially those that will finance the subproject).
Also include a description of other project preparation activities underway (e.g., biodiversity
studies, social assessment, baseline study) since the consultant preparing the SES will need to
coordinate with other teams to ensure an effective and efficient information exchange.

3. EA Requirements/Regulations
This paragraph should identify the regulations and guidelines which will govern the conduct of
the assessment or specify the content of its report as per Decree 45/2004 and Law 16/2014.

4. Study Area and Likely Major Impacts

Specify the area involved and the boundaries of the study area for the assessment, identifying clearly
its location in relation to the boundaries of the conservation area. Where appropriate specify the right-
of-way (ROW)-width and alignment of roads, pipelines or other linear infrastructure. Identify adjacent
or remote areas which should be considered with respect to impacts of particular aspects of the
project.
5. Scope of Work
The consultant services shall comprise the following tasks:
Task 1. Description of the Proposed Subproject. Provide a brief description of the relevant parts
of the project, using maps (at appropriate scale) and including the following information: location
of all project related development sites and ROW’s; general layout; size, capacity; pre-construction
activities; construction activities; schedule; staffing and support; facilities and services;
commissioning, operation and maintenance activities; required offsite investments; and life
expectancy for major components. Provide maps at appropriate scales to illustrate the general
setting of project-related development sites and ROW’s, as well as surrounding areas likely to be
impacted. These maps should include topographic contours, as available, as well as locations of
major surface waters, roads, railways, settlements, conservation area, and administrative
boundaries.
Task 2. Description of the Environment (baseline condition). Assemble, evaluate and present
baseline data on the relevant physical, biological, and socio-economic characteristics of the
development area and area of influence, including the identification of the CA management plan
zoning, its main attributes and threats. Include information on any changes anticipated before the
project commences.
Task 3. Legislative and Regulatory Considerations. Describe the pertinent regulations and
standards governing environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas,
protection of endangered species, siting, land use control, etc., at international, national, regional
and local levels (The TOR should specify those that are known and require the consultant to

130
 investigate for others.) If transboundary impacts are likely, relevant international conventions
should be described.
Task 4. Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project. Predict and assess
all significant impacts that the project is likely to generate. Assess the impacts from changes
brought about by the project on baseline environmental conditions as described under Task 2.
Identify potential impacts to be assessed based on the list provided in Annex 7.
In this analysis, distinguish between significant positive and negative impacts, direct, indirect, and
cumulative impacts, and immediate and long-term impacts. Identify impacts that may occur due to
accidental events. Identify impacts which are unavoidable or irreversible. Wherever possible,
describe impacts quantitatively, in terms of environmental costs and benefits. Assign economic
values when feasible. Impact analyses for sub projects should be divided between construction
impacts and operational impacts.
Task 5. Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed subproject. Describe alternatives that were
examined in the course of developing the proposed subproject and identify other alternatives which
would achieve the same objectives. The concept of alternatives extends to siting, design,
technology selection, construction techniques and phasing, and operating and maintenance
procedures. Compare alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts; capital and
operating costs; suitability under local conditions; and institutional, training, and monitoring
requirements. When describing the impacts, indicate which are irreversible or unavoidable and
which can be mitigated. To the extent possible, quantify the costs and benefits of each alternative,
incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigating measures.
Include the alternative of not constructing the project to demonstrate environmental conditions
without it. Alternatives should include the following: the “no action” alternative (as mentioned
above); alternative means of meeting the energy requirements; the alternative of upgrading
existing facilities; alternative routes and sites; alternative design; and alternative methods of
construction, including costs and reliability.
Task 6. Development of an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
Recommend feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent or reduce significant negative
impacts to acceptable levels. Include measures to address emergency response requirements for
accidental events.
Prepare a management plan including proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules,
staffing and training requirements, and other necessary support services to implement the
mitigating measures. Provide environmental protection clauses for application by contractors and
consultants.
Task 7. Development of a Monitoring Plan. Prepare a detailed plan to monitor the
implementation of mitigating measures and the impacts of the project during construction and
operation. Include in the plan an estimate of capital and operating costs and a description of other
inputs (such as training and institutional strengthening) needed to implement the plan.
Task 8. Public Participation. Conduct a public participation process since the early stage of the
study in order to include in the SES any concerns and/or expectations of the direct and indirect
affected parties. The consultant shall indicate the strategy for public participation, which shall bear
in mind the national guidelines for public participation in ESIA process. The public participation
report shall be included in the SES.

6. Reports

The consultant shall prepare a draft report to be revised by FNDS’s Safeguard Team.
The structure of the report shall follow the requirements of Decree 54/2015.

131
 7. Team
The consultant shall propose a team coordinated by an environmental and social assessment
specialist with more than 10-years of experience. The team shall include at a minimum, an
ecologist/specialist in natural resources management and a social specialist.
The consultant shall be registered with MITADER as an environmental consultant.

8. Time
The Consultant shall propose a workplan identifying all the phases, including the public participation
process and the time for revision by the environmental authority.

132
Annex 6 -Template for Environmental and Social Management Plan

133
 Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) Template
This template is relevant for any subproject under the MOozBio 2 Project which requires a
stand-alone ESMP. Use this template as a guide for preparing an ESMP that will satisfy World
Bank safeguards policy OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment and the EIA Regulations
(54/2015).

1. INTRODUCTION
Provide an overview of the subproject, environmental and social context and the purpose of
this ESMP.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Describe the subproject, the construction works required, the activities associated with the
operational phase and planned decommissioning information. Include project components
that may have an environmental or social impact, including:
• Types of materials required during construction (aggregates, fresh water)
• Source and transportation of materials during construction
• Waste management (solid and liquid waste) – construction and operations
• Hazardous materials management
• Labour management practices
• Proposed improvements or benefits resulting from the subproject which will accrue to the local
community, environment and economy.

Provide an overview of project timelines.

Include a map of the general area.
(Take into consideration the information already provided in the Environmental & Social
Checklist prepared for the subproject and complement/detail/update, where possible).

3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE

Describe the project location and land use (agricultural land, residential), closest dwelling(s),
water body that will receive drainage, natural habitats (protected areas, significant or relevant
ecosystems, flora and /or fauna in the area.).
Describe the community, formal and community leadership structures, describe any unique
aspects of culture and language. Describe the existing social services such as education, health,
law and order as well as economic activities (commerce, trading). Provide information on existing
land titles. The social context should also describe occupations and sources of livelihood, gender
roles and issues, land tenure and connections to land, and the socio-economic conditions,
including any commentary on poverty, vulnerability due to gender,

134
ethnicity or culture group, age or disability in the community, resource allocation and access
and income distribution, where relevant.
(Take into consideration the information already provided in the Environmental & Social
Checklist prepared for the subproject and complement/detail/update, where possible).

4. LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT

Provide an overview of the relevant laws, regulations and policies and how this ESMP
provides the relevant information in support of an environmental approval.

Provide an overview of how the ESMP meets the requirements of the World Bank safeguard
policies.

Provide an overview of the key institutions with jurisdiction over the subproject.

(See Sections 4 and 5 of MozBio 2 ESMF).

5. SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

Provide an overview of the significant environmental and social impacts associated with the
subproject and indicate how the project will manage these to incorporate applicable
safeguards policy and regulatory requirements.
(See issues already identified in the Environmental & Social Screening Checklist, as well as
Section 9 of MozBio 2 ESMF).

6. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE

Identify and define the responsibilities and authority of the various persons and organisations
that will be involved in the sub-project.

7. MANAGEMENT MEASURES
List the key environmental and social impacts, per relevant project phase, and indicate
recommended management measures and responsibility for ensuring measures are met.

(Ensure that measures contained in the Guide on Good Practices for Environmental and
Social Management are included).

135
Examples are provided below in italics.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Activity Impact / Risk Mitigation Responsibility

Work Camp and Loss of natural vegetation,
Work Site loss of physical and
Establishment economic activities,
change in natural water
drainage, soil & water
contamination, community
health & safety
Work site selection shall take in account environmental & social aspects: Contractor, LMU
Safeguard Assistant and
- Preference shall be given to already disturbed areas,
SDPI
- ‘No-go’ areas shall be clearly identified and marked. These shall include areas with large
trees (>200 mm in diameter at chest height), cultivated lands or fruit trees, wetlands,
grave sites or any sensitive environment or social site/area identified by the Safeguard
Assistant,
- Proximity to schools, health posts and households with vulnerable families (such as
elderly, household members with chronic diseases) shall be avoided,
- The worksite shall be clearly identified, and hazardous areas clearly marked (red tape /
barricading of risk areas).

Labour Recruitment Employment of locals - Promote the recruitment of local workers, including women. Contractor
- The recruitment process shall be transparent promote the recruitment of women and be
non-discriminatory (eg on the basis of family status, ethnicity, race, gender, religion,
language, marital status, birth, age, disability or political convictions)

OPERATIONAL PHASE

Activity Impact / Risk Mitigation Responsibility

DECOMMISSIONING PHASE

Activity Impact / Risk Mitigation Responsibility

136
137
8. MONITORING MEASURES
Define and list the key indicators that will be monitored to track progress in managing
known environmental and social risks and impacts. List responsibilities for
monitoring.

Examples are provided below in italics.

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Environmental & What How When Responsibility

Social (will be measured) (it will be measured) (it will be measured)
aspect/impact
Vegetation clearing Extent of clearing – Visual observation by Daily during vegetation Contractor
mature trees left in Environmental Officer. clearing.
place where
possible.
Air quality Dust (PM10) Passive samplers Samplers to be Contractor
deployed on site. deployed prior to start
of activities. Samplers
to be read daily.

OPERATIONAL PHASE

Environmental & What How When Responsibility

Social (will be measured) (it will be measured) (it will be measured)
aspect/impact

DECOMMISSIONING PHASE

Environmental & What How When Responsibility

Social (will be measured) (it will be measured) (it will be measured)
aspect/impact

138
9. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Provide an overview of the key roles and responsibilities for ensuring that the
objectives of this ESMP are met. Include organizational charts detailing key positions
and their responsibilities.

10. CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING

Describe the activities and equipment that are required for the MozBio 2 project to
support the proponent and subproject contractors and others to implement the
recommended environmental and social management measures:
• Equipment purchases (personal protective equipment, monitoring equipment etc.)
• Training (workshops, formal training, health and safety training)
• Consultancy fees / Technical assistance (workshops, on-the-job training,
monitoring services).

11. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND GRIEVANCE MECHANISM

Develop a high-level stakeholder engagement / consultation plan and provide records
of what was carried out, who participated (men and women) and what the outcomes
were, and how the feedback was incorporated into the final ESMP.

12. REFERENCES
List relevant documents and information consulted in developing the ESMP.

13. ANNEXES (supporting information, technical reports, specialist studies, records of key
meetings, records of key correspondence, etc.)
Include supporting documents that will provide greater understanding of the project
and its impacts, and planned mitigation measures.

139
Annex 7 - Key Impacts and Key Mitigation Measures

140
CIVIL WORKS: Infrastructure such as roads, bridges, drifts, buildings (accommodation, offices), water supply, sanitation.

Activity: Key Impacts Key Mitigation Measures Phase for

implementing
mitigation
Vegetation clearing Disturbance to natural habitats. Design projects to avoid natural habitats and to Design
Species loss. minimize vegetation removal.
Soil erosion.
Dust generation. Supervise contractors during works. Construction
Sourcing of Natural resource extraction. Source aggregates from permitted / licensed Construction
aggregates for Disturbance to natural landscape. quarries.
construction (sand, Reduced aesthetic. Monitor quarry practices to minimize impacts –
rock, stone) slopes, minimum reinstatement, drainage.
Soil / rock /sand erosion.
Noise and dust generation.

Road transport Soil erosion and associated
sediment discharge after rain
events.
Noise and dust generation and
associated nuisance to road users /
neighbours / crops (dust).
Injuries or fatalities resulting from
vehicle accidents.
Water use Natural resource use resulting from
water abstraction.
Minimize road traffic, monitor speed, spray road Construction
surfaces, install sediment barriers in sensitive areas.
Notify affected persons of planned works. Construction
Monitor grievances.
Establish safe driving speeds and driving hours (eg. Construction
no night time driving).
Ensure all drivers are licensed.
Implement disciplinary action in case of traffic
violations.
Design projects to minimize water needs (and Design
resulting levels of abstraction) during operation.

Diversion of water from other users Design projects to minimize diversion of waterways, Design
– reducing water availability for ensuring water availability for downstream users.
downstream users.

Monitor water consumption and use to ensure Construction

adequate use, no wastage, leaks, etc.

Solid waste Solid waste generation and Implement waste management principles Construction
management disposal resulting in litter, vermin, (avoidance, minimization, recycling, separation and
odours, soil and water on-site and -off-site disposal).
contamination. Train and supervise workers on waste management
principles.
Monitor waste disposal practices.
Liquid waste Liquid waste generation and Design projects to minimize liquid effluent generation Construction
management disposal resulting in odours, and use appropriate technology for project type.
pooling of water, soil and water Train and supervise workers on waste management
contamination. principles.
Monitor waste disposal practices.
Hazardous Spills or leaks resulting in soil and Define principles for the safe storage, handling and Design
substances water pollution. disposal of hazardous materials.
management (fuel,
lubricants, paints, Establish dedicated storage and maintenance
others) activity locations and ensure bunding/lining is in
place.

Train and supervise contractors on safe handling Construction

and disposal practices.
Monitor handling and disposal practices.
Labour Occupational injuries or loss of life. Implement Health & Safety training for workers. Construction
management Train workers to ensure they are competent for the
jobs they are hired for.
Issue appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) to workers.
Issue Adequate equipment and tools to be available
for the jobs at hand.
Spread of communicable diseases. Implement worker training in HIV / AIDs, Malaria Construction
prevention, hygiene practices.

141
 Non-local workers / migrants who
may disrupt traditional lifestyles and
authority structures
Involuntary Temporary or permanent damage
resettlement to or loss of assets or loss of
(refer to RPF and access to resources affecting the
PF) ability of communities to maintain
livelihoods.
Disruption / damage to graves and
physical and cultural resources.
Conflicts over access to land /
ownership of land.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Sensitize workers on expected conducted with Construction
neighbouring communities.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early identification of land requirements.
Avoidance of new land requirements where possible
(i.e. road alignments).
Compensation in case of physical or economical
loss.
Avoid graves and physical cultural resources. Design
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land Design
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).
142
AGRICULTURE : Community agriculture, Irrigation agriculture, Ecological agriculture, Semi-industrial agriculture and Horticulture
Activity Impacts
Land take Habitat transformation and potential
loss of species.
Impact on local subsistence
livelihoods and potential decreased
food security as commercial
agriculture takes preference over
subsistence agriculture.
Involuntary Temporary or permanent damage
resettlement and to or loss of assets or loss of
compensation access to resources affecting the
(refer to RPF and ability of communities to maintain
PF) subsistence livelihoods.
Disruption / damage to graves and
physical and cultural resources.
Conflicts over access to land /
ownership of land.
Vegetation clearing Disturbance to / fragmentation of
natural habitats.
Species loss.
Soil erosion.
Dust generation.
Crop selection Introduction of genetically modified
species.
Water use Natural resource use resulting from
water abstraction.
Diversion of water from other users
– reducing water availability for
downstream / competing users.
Use of fertilizers Soil and water pollution /
overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of fertilizers.
Use of pesticides Soil and water pollution /
(refer to PMP) overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of pesticides.
Impacts on existing / neighbouring
and fauna and changes to natural
cycles.
Mitigation Phase for
implementing
mitigation
Minimize land requirements for planned projects. Design
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early identification of land requirements.
Minimize new land requirements where possible.
Compensation in case of physical or economical
loss
Avoid graves and physical cultural resources. Design
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land Design
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).
Design projects to avoid natural habitats and to Design
minimize vegetation removal wherever possible.
Supervise contractors during works.
Operations
Ensure that crop and seed selection are in Design
accordance with national agricultural policy.
Design project to minimize water needs (and Design
resulting levels of abstraction). Select appropriate
irrigation technologies for efficient water use.
Design projects to minimize diversion of waterways, Design
ensuring water availability for downstream users.
Monitor water consumption and use to ensure Operations
adequate use, no wastage, leaks, to minimize
evaporation rates, etc.
Assess and select the most appropriate fertilizer Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of fertilizers.
Operations
Assess and select the most appropriate pesticide Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of pesticides.
Operations
143
Hazardous Spills or leaks resulting in soil and Define principles for the safe storage, handling and Design
substances water pollution. disposal of hazardous materials.
management (fuel,
lubricants, paints, Establish dedicated storage and maintenance
others) activity locations and ensure bunding/lining is in
place.

Train and supervise contractors on safe handling Operations

and disposal practices.
Monitor handling and disposal practices.
Labour Recruitment of workers – fair, Develop and publicize recruitment procedures, Design
Management transparent, non-discriminatory including a grievance mechanism.
(Recruitment, recruitment practices.
Conditions of Train workers on conditions of employment (eg.
employment, hours, use of PPE) and rights resulting from Operations
Health and Safety employment (eg. wages).
practices) Occupational injuries or loss of life. Implement Health & Safety training for workers. Operations
Train workers to ensure they are competent to
perform jobs.
Issue appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) to workers.

Spread of communicable diseases. Implement worker training in HIV / AIDs, Malaria Operations
prevention, hygiene practices.

144
LIVESTOCK FARMING: Cattle, poultry, pigs
Activity Impacts
Land take Habitat transformation and potential
loss of species.
Impact on local subsistence
livelihoods and potential decreased
food security as commercial
agriculture takes preference over
subsistence agriculture.
Involuntary Temporary or permanent loss of
resettlement and assets or loss of access to
compensation resources affecting the ability of
(grazing area NB) communities to maintain
(refer to RPF and subsistence livelihoods.
PF)
Disruption / damage to graves and
physical and cultural resources.
Conflicts over access to land /
ownership of land.
Solid waste Solid waste generation and
management disposal resulting in litter, vermin,
odours, soil and water
contamination.
Liquid waste Liquid waste generation and
management disposal resulting in odours,
pooling of water, soil and water
contamination.
Odour Reduced air quality and nuisance
management resulting from (intensive) livestock
farming odour exposure.
Use of pesticides Soil and water pollution /
(refer to PMP) overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of pesticides.
Impacts on existing / neighbouring
and fauna and changes to natural
cycles.
Hazardous Spills or leaks resulting in soil and
substances water pollution.
management (fuel,
lubricants, others)
Labour Recruitment of workers – fair,
Management transparent, non-discriminatory
(Recruitment, recruitment practices.
Conditions of
employment,
Mitigation Phase for
implementing
mitigation
Minimize land requirements for planned projects. Design
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early identification of land requirements.
Minimize new land requirements where possible.
Compensation in case of physical or economical
loss.
Avoid graves and physical cultural resources. Design
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land Design
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).
Implement waste management principles Operations
(avoidance, minimization, recycling, separation and
on-site and -off-site disposal).
Train and supervise workers on waste management
principles.
Monitor waste disposal practices.
Design projects to minimize liquid effluent generation Operations
and use appropriate technology for project type.
Train and supervise workers on waste management
principles.
Monitor waste disposal practices.
Design livestock farms to include windbreaks. Design.
Develop manure management plans to collect, treat Operations
and dispose.
Monitor odours and register nuisance complaints. Operations.
Assess and select the most appropriate pesticide Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of pesticides.
Operations
Define principles for the safe storage, handling and Design
disposal of hazardous materials.
Establish dedicated storage and maintenance Design
activity locations and ensure bunding/lining is in
place.
Train and supervise workers on safe handling and Operations
disposal practices.
Monitor handling and disposal practices. Operations
Develop and publicize recruitment procedures, Design
including a grievance mechanism.
Train workers on conditions of employment (eg.
hours, use of PPE) and rights resulting from Operations
employment (eg. wages).
145
Health and Safety Occupational injuries. Implement Health & Safety training for workers. Operations
practices) Train workers to ensure they are competent to
perform jobs.
Issue appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) to workers.

Disease outbreak Disease outbreak affecting Design and locate facilities at minimum distances Design
management / neighbouring communities. from sensitive receptors.
community health
and safety Implement livestock farming operating procedures. Operations.

Monitor livestock farming activities to ensure

minimum health and hygiene conditions are Operations.
maintained.

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FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS: Forest plantation, Non-wood forest resource use, Honey production,
Activity Impacts
Land take Habitat transformation and potential
loss of species.
Impact on local subsistence
livelihoods and potential decreased
food security as commercial
agriculture takes preference over
subsistence agriculture.
Involuntary Temporary or permanent loss of
resettlement and assets or loss of access to
compensation resources affecting the ability of
(grazing area NB) communities to maintain
(refer to RPF and subsistence livelihoods.
PF)
Disruption / damage to graves and
physical and cultural resources.
Conflicts over access to land /
ownership of land.
Vegetation clearing Disturbance to / fragmentation of
natural habitats.
Species loss.
Soil erosion.
Dust generation.
Biodiversity impacts (habitat
reduction / transformation)
Water use Natural resource use resulting from
water abstraction.
Diversion of water from other users
– reducing water availability for
downstream users.
Use of fertilizers Soil and water pollution /
overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of fertilizers.
Use of pesticides Soil and water pollution /
(refer to PMP) overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of pesticides.
Impacts on existing / neighbouring
and fauna and changes to natural
cycles.
Mitigation Phase for
implementing
mitigation
Minimize land requirements for planned projects. Design
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early identification of land requirements.
Minimize new land requirements where possible.
Avoid graves and physical cultural resources. Design
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land Design
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).
Design projects to avoid natural habitats and to Design
minimize vegetation removal wherever possible.
Supervise contractors during works.
Operations
Design projects to minimize water needs (and Design
resulting levels of abstraction).
Design projects to minimize diversion of waterways, Design
ensuring water availability for downstream users.
Monitor water consumption and use to ensure Construction
adequate use, no wastage, leaks, etc.
Assess and select the most appropriate fertilizer Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of fertilizers.
Operations
Assess and select the most appropriate pesticide Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of pesticides.
Operations
147
Hazardous Spills or leaks resulting in soil and Define principles for the safe storage, handling and Design
substances water pollution. disposal of hazardous materials.
management (fuel,
lubricants, paints, Establish dedicated storage and maintenance
others) activity locations and ensure bunding/lining is in
place.

Train and supervise contractors on safe handling Operations

and disposal practices.
Monitor handling and disposal practices.
Fire risks –
monoculture / high
risk
Soil erosion

Labour Recruitment of workers – fair, Develop and publicize recruitment procedures, Design
Management transparent, non-discriminatory including a grievance mechanism.
(Recruitment, recruitment practices.
Conditions of Train workers on conditions of employment (eg.
employment, hours, use of PPE) and rights resulting from Operations
Health and Safety employment (eg. wages).
practices)

Occupational injuries.
Implement Health & Safety training for workers. Operations
Train workers to ensure they are competent to
perform jobs.
Issue appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) to workers.

Honey production Impacts to community and worker Early and on-going engagement regarding health Operation
health and safety (bee stings and and safety risks and precautions.
allergies)
Workers to be adequately trained on the use of PPE
and handling of bees.
AQUACULTURE
Activity Impacts Mitigation Phase for
implementing
mitigation
Land take Habitat transformation and potential Minimize land requirements for planned projects. Design
loss of species.

Impact on local subsistence
livelihoods and potential decreased
food security as commercial
agriculture takes preference over
subsistence agriculture.
Involuntary Temporary or permanent loss of
resettlement and assets or loss of access to
compensation resources affecting the ability of
(grazing area NB) communities to maintain
(refer to RPF and subsistence livelihoods.
PF)
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Early identification of land requirements.
Minimize new land requirements where possible.
Compensation in case of physical or economical
loss.

Disruption / damage to graves and
physical and cultural resources.
Conflicts over access to land /
ownership of land.
Avoid graves and physical cultural resources. Design
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land Design
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).

Vegetation clearing Disturbance to / fragmentation of Design projects to avoid natural habitats and to Design
natural habitats. minimize vegetation removal wherever possible.
Species loss.
Soil erosion. Supervise contractors during works.
Dust generation. Operations
Biodiversity impacts (habitat
reduction / transformation)
Species Introduction of species which will Ensure that species selection is in accordance with Design
introduction – compete with existing species, national policy.
biodiversity impact leading to changes in species
composition.

148
Water use Natural resource use resulting from
water abstraction.
Diversion of water from other users
– reducing water availability for
downstream users.
Water quality Reduced water quality of the
receiving environment as a result of
discharge of effluent / release of
pond water into the natural
environment
Use of antibiotics - Overuse of antibiotic may result in
persistence of antibiotics in natural
environment and development of
resistance.
Impacts on existing / neighbouring
and fauna and changes to natural
cycles.
Use of pesticides Soil and water pollution /
(refer to PMP) overloading / leaching resulting
from the overuse of pesticides.
Impacts on existing / neighbouring
and fauna and changes to natural
cycles.
Hazardous Spills or leaks resulting in soil and
substances water pollution.
management (fuel,
lubricants, paints,
others)
Labour Influx of semi-skilled workers /
management traders who may disrupt traditional
local economies, lifestyles and
authority structures
Disease outbreak Disease outbreak affecting
management / neighbouring / downstream
community health communities.
and safety
Design projects to minimize water needs (and Design
resulting levels of abstraction).
Design projects to minimize diversion of waterways, Design
ensuring water availability for downstream users.
Monitor water consumption and use to ensure Construction
adequate use, no wastage, leaks, etc.
Assess and select the most appropriate antibiotic. Design
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of pesticides.
Operations
Assess and select the most appropriate pesticide Design
(biological/synthetic) for the location and crop.
Establish handling and application procedures to
prevent excessive release into the environment. Operations
Train workers on the safe and adequate handling
and application of pesticides.
Operations
Define principles for the safe storage, handling and Design
disposal of hazardous materials.
Establish dedicated storage and maintenance
activity locations and ensure bunding/lining is in
place.
Train and supervise contractors on safe handling Operations
and disposal practices.
Monitor handling and disposal practices.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected Design
persons.
Sensitize workers on expected conducted with Operations
neighbouring communities.
Monitor socio-dynamics and grievances. Operations
Design and locate facilities at minimum distances Design
from sensitive receptors.
Implement adequate aquaculture operating Operations.
procedures.
Monitor aquaculture activities to ensure minimum Operations.
health and hygiene conditions are maintained.
149
TOURISM: Ecotourism, conservation product markets, accommodation, recreational facilities, game farms
Activity Impacts
Involuntary Involuntary resettlement or loss of
resettlement and assets or loss of access to
compensation resources leading to a loss of
(refer to RPF and income or other impacts on
PF) livelihoods.
Conflicts within land owning group.
Conflicts between land owners and
Govt.
Conflicts over ‘resource rents’ or
appropriate ‘payments’ for natural
or cultural sites on custom land.
Introduction of game species
resulting in community safety
incidents / fatalities –
human/wildlife conflict.
Mitigation Phase for
implementing
mitigation
Early and ongoing engagement with all land owners Design
and other affected people (tenants,
squatters, resource users).
Identify land requirements early.
Prioritise the negotiation of agreements for all land
access (and avoid compulsory acquisition wherever
possible).
Develop benefit sharing options with land owners.
Provide entitlements and assistance as per the RPF
Ensure game farms are located in areas with low Design.
population density and adequately fenced.
Early and ongoing engagement with affected
persons. Design.

Vegetation clearing Impacts Mitigation Phase for

implementing
mitigation
General food/plant Untreated discharge of wastewater Treat all wastewater prior to discharge.
processing and sludges, contaminating water Discharge treated wastewater to land where
bodies possible.
Inappropriate disposal of wastes Compost vegetative wastes or dispose at the
Noisy operations nearest permitted landfill.
Odours Enclose noisy machinery within buildings and locate
Health and Safety as far as possible from sensitive receptors.
Provide adequate ventilation and exhausts for
odours. Locate facilities away from sensitive
receptors.
Infrastructure: New Refer to civils works section above.
or upgraded market
places, road
upgrades
Value-chain Increased road traffic impacting on
logistics safety of other road users

Competition for utilities – power,

water, mobile phone

Competition for jobs

150
 Annex 8 - Template for Environmental & Social Management Good Practices Guide
MozBio 2

Template for Environmental and Social

Management Good Practices Guide

This guide contains measures to be applied by Contractors and Subcontractors

during construction activities. It shall be adapted for other activities and include
any site specific environmental or social issue.

1. INTRODUCTION
Provide an overview of the subproject, environmental and social context and the
purpose of this Environmental and Social Management Good Practices.

2. DESCRIPTION OF ACTIVITY
Describe the activity, the construction works required, the activities associated with
the operational phase and planned decommissioning information. Include project
components that may have an environmental or social impact, including:

3. KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND RISKS

List and describe impacts and risks based on the list provided in Annex 8.

4. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND RESPONSABILITIES

List the key positions involved in project management, execution and supervision,
specifically relating to the ESHS matters (including Contractor, MozBio Supervisor (ex.
SDPI), LMU Safeguard and Finance).

Define responsibilities for each position.

5. MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ( example for Civil Works)

1. Prior to the Start of Works

• The Contractor shall visit the work site with the subproject proponent and the
Safeguard Assistant
• With the Safeguard Assistant, Contractor shall meet with local authorities,
community leaders and residents living next to the project site to:
o introduce the Contractor to the authorities/community leaders and
community,
151
 o Provide information about works’ duration and schedule,
o Provide information about required work force (foreigner and
opportunities for locals),
o Define the recruitment process, which shall be transparent and non-
discriminatory (eg. on the basis of family status, ethnicity, race, gender,
religion, language, marital status, birth, age, disability or political
convictions). Recruitment of women shall be promoted.
o Make any request to access or use community infrastructure (such as
water supply), land or natural resources (eg. Sand, firewood),
o Raise awareness about the risks associated with the construction
activities and the need to limit access to the work area to third parties
and domestic animals,
o Raise awareness about the opportunities for engagement with the
contractor, and
o Establish a grievance redress mechanism.
• Define area for site establishment (including workers’ accommodation,
storage, workshop and the worksite itself):
o Preference shall be given to already disturbed areas,
o ‘No-go’ areas shall be clearly identified and marked. These shall include
areas with large trees (>200 mm in diameter at chest height), cultivated
lands or fruit trees, wetlands, grave sites or any sensitive environment
or social site/area identified by the Safeguard Assistant,
o Proximity to schools, health posts and households with vulnerable
families (such as elderly, household members with chronic diseases)
shall be avoided,
o The worksite shall be clearly identified, and hazardous areas clearly
marked (red tape / barricading of risk areas).
• Define access route and entry point to the worksite avoiding damage to
households and associated structures, cultivated lands, fruit trees or any other
potential source of income. In case of damage, the Contractor will be
responsible for the payment of compensation to the affected party as per the
MozBio 2 Resettlement Policy Framework.

2. Labour and Working Conditions

• Recruitment of children (under 18 years old) or forced labour are prohibited.
• Contractor shall enter into written contracts with all workers, defining tasks,
responsibilities, duration of contract, hours of work, wage, and other relevant
aspects included in the Labour Law,
• Contractor shall provide personal protective equipment (PPE) for all workers
(helmets, boots, gloves, etc) as per the nature of the assigned job/tasks, at no
cost to the worker. Contractor will train workers on the correct use of PPE and
enforce its use,
• Contractor shall provide the relevant work tools and equipment, in good
working condition, at no cost to the worker (eg. hammer, saw, toolbox),
• Contractor shall provide relevant Health and Safety training to workers so that
they understand the risks and required precautions,
• Contractor shall provide the following to workers34:

152
 o Dedicated accommodation facilities for non-local workers, with adequate
ventilation and thermal conditions, to promote the health, safety and
well-being of workers;
o Dedicated cooking and eating facilities (with shade, food storage and
food preparation counters);
o Potable water supply;
o Suitable sanitation facilities, adequate for the number of staff on site, in
order to minimize impacts on environmental quality and public health
and ensure privacy. The use of portable chemical toilets is
recommended (whenever possible) at a ratio of 1 toilet per 15 workers.
Where portable toilets are not available, at a minimum, improved
latrine(s) should be built. Separate washing facilities shall be established
(so as not to overload the latrine put).
• Drugs and alcohol shall be prohibited on the construction site. Workers
suspected to be under the influence of any such substances shall not be
permitted on site – no entry to the accommodation facilities and no access to
the work site.
• All workers shall have access to onsite sanitation facilities.
• Contractor shall sensitize workers to convey attitudes of respect and non-
discrimination and prohibit attitudes of sexual harassment (such as prohibiting
the use of language or behaviour, in particular towards women or children, that
is inappropriate, harassing abusive, sexually provocative, demeaning or
culturally inappropriate) and prohibit violence or exploration (such as prohibition
of the exchange of money, employment, goods or services for sex, including
sexual favours or other forms of humiliating, degrading or exploitative
behaviour). Disciplinary action shall be taken where violations of the above
occur.

3. Community Health and Safety

• Contractor will take steps to reduce risks to community members (especially
children), placing warning signs and limiting access to the work area, keeping
hazardous products in closed storage / warehouse and making provisions to

34 These can be simple structures, built with local materials, adequate for the local climate.

153
 prevent accidents involving vehicles and machinery (ex: instruct and enforce
drivers to reduce speed in populated areas).
• Contractor shall ensure that neighbouring communities are sensitized of the
risks posed by the activities and the care which shall be taken by community
members (especially with regards to children and domestic animals).

4. Hazardous Substances, Fuel Storage and Maintenance Activities

• Hazardous substances should be covered from rain and sun, in locked storage
areas, and placed on concrete floors (or at least in an area lined with strong
plastic sheets). Contractors are encouraged to build bunded concrete floors to
capture spills.
• Ensure that all equipment maintenance activities, including oil changes, are
conducted within demarcated maintenance areas, adequately lined (eg. where
oil changes take place) or using appropriate containment trays (such as a drum
cut lengthways).
• Used oils shall not be disposed to the ground or into a water body. Contractors
are encouraged to collect used oil, contaminated rags and others in clearly
marked containers (such as drums) for removal from site.
5. Water supply
• Abstractions from natural water resources (e.g. springs, streams, lakes) shall
be previously approved by the Safeguard Assistant, the SDPI, following
consultation with local leaders.
6. Aggregates
• All aggregates required for construction of foundations or platforms shall be
from permitted / licensed quarries.
7. Vegetation Clearance
• Contractor shall ensure that all negotiations and compensation for land, crops,
trees, houses, grave sites and other relevant items have been satisfactorily
completed (as defined in the MozBio 2’s Resettlement Policy Framework),
before the work site is cleared.
• No soil, vegetation or construction material shall be dumped in wetlands or
water bodies.
• No burning of vegetation to clear the site will be permitted.
• The Contractor shall suspend works and notify the MozBio Supervisor if any
previously unidentified graves or artefacts of archaeological or cultural
significance are uncovered during site clearance. Work shall be stopped while
the appropriate authorities are notified. Work may only re-commence once
authorities have inspected the site and given approval to proceed.

154
8. Noise Control
• The Contractor shall keep noise levels within acceptable limits and
construction activities shall, where possible, be confined to normal working
hours.

9. Dust Control
• Dust is regarded as a nuisance when it reduces visibility, soils private
property, is aesthetically displeasing or affects palatability of grazing. Dust
generated by construction related activities must be minimised.
• The Contractor shall be responsible for the control of dust arising from
activities.
• Control measures shall include regular spraying of working/exposed areas
with water at an application rate that will not result in soil erosion or runoff.
• The removal of vegetation shall be avoided until such time as clearance is
required and exposed surfaces shall be re-vegetated or stabilised as soon as
practically possible.
• The excavation, handling and transport of erodible materials shall be avoid
under high wind conditions.
• Where possible, soil stockpiles shall be sheltered from the wind.
• Vehicle speeds shall be limited to minimise the generation of dust on site
and on access roads.
10. Sediment Control
• Ground disturbance shall be reduced to a minimum.

• When on a sloping site, Contractor shall trap sediment onsite using brush or
silt fences.

• Runoff / water shall be diverted around the construction sites or disturbed

areas, using ditches.

11. Waste Management

• The site is to be kept clean, neat and tidy at all times.
• To reduce the amount of waste, the Contractor is encouraged to find local uses
for safe left over materials and packaging (ex: timber wastes can be used by
community as firewood, empty drums may be triple rinsed and donated for
storage). This shall be negotiated and agreed with local leadership to confirm
need and agree on a process of distribution of materials.
• Contractor shall ensure the:
o Provision of sufficient bins (preferably vermin and weatherproof) at the
camp and work sites to store the solid waste produced on a daily basis.
o Contractors are encouraged to promote waste separation.
o Collection of refuse and waste generated by workers on a daily basis.

155
 o Bio-degradable waste shall be composted on site (buried in dedicated
shallow ditches and covered with vegetable matter and soil.
o Contractor is encouraged to recycle part of the waste stream subject
to appropriate recycling facilities being available within reasonable
travel distance.
o Identification of an appropriate site for depositing waste generated
during the construction contract (eg. local borrow pit already in use for
waste deposition, appropriate area near the work site for burial and
cover of waste in dedicated pits).
o Hazardous waste such as used oil, batteries, etc. shall be kept
separately and must be removed from the site by the Contractor prior
to the end of the construction period. Contractors are encouraged to
channel all hazardous waste to the nearest available facility (Maputo
and Beira).
o No stockpiled waste is to be left on site after the work is completed.
12. Fire Prevention and Control
• The Contractor shall take all reasonable and precautionary steps to ensure
that fires are not started as a consequence of project activities on site.
• Open fires within the conservation areas are prohibited.
• The Contractor shall ensure that there is basic fire-fighting equipment
available on site. This shall include, but not be limited to:
• Rubber beaters when working in grass/bush areas.
• At least one fire extinguisher of the appropriate type when
welding or other ‘hot’ activities are undertaken.
• Flammable materials should be stored under conditions that will limit
the potential for ignition and the spread of fires.
• The Contractor shall ensure that all site personnel are aware of the fire
risks and how to deal with any fires that occur. This shall include, but not
be limited to regular fire prevention talks.
13. Restoration
• Rehabilitation shall be required for all areas disturbed by the works.
• The Contractor should implement a programme of progressive rehabilitation,
i.e. once works are complete in particular areas.
• Restoration will include, at a minimum, removing unused materials, rubble and
foundations, ripping any compacted ground to loosen soil, spreading topsoil
evenly over the former site and re-establishing grass cover.
• Rehabilitation of all temporary access tracks, haul roads and any other
disturbed areas outside of the approved working areas to their original
condition.

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14. Decommissioning of the Site
• On completion of the Contract, the Contractor shall decommission the
worksite. This shall include the following:
o Removal of all remaining structures, services, facilities, unless sold or
handed over to the community.
o Removal of all remaining construction rubble and waste, to be disposed
of at an appropriate site.
o Reinstatement and rehabilitation of all remaining disturbed areas,
including temporary access routes, turning circles, parking areas, etc.

Annex 9 - Template for Safeguards Performance Report

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 Template for Safeguards Performance Report

Payments to contractors in respect of work carried out shall be made once the
Procurement and Finance team has received an acceptable Safeguards
Performance Report, the template of which is presented below.

1. Identification of Project

Name of subproject:

Type of project:

Location of project (including Landscape, Administrative Post, Community):

Status / phase of project implementation (mobilization / site preparation / construction

/ hand-over / demobilization / etc):

Date of report:

Author(s) of report:

Report prepared for:

2. Overview of compliance with safeguard requirements

Environmental and Social Management Good Practices Guide

Is an ESM Good Practices Guide in place for the project (Yes / No / N/A)?

Did the contractor comply with the requirements of the ESM Good Practices Guide?

Are there any outstanding actions from previous inspections or audits?

Additional comments:

Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan

Is a Contractor ESMP in place for the project (Yes / No / N/A)?

Did the contractor comply with the requirements of the c-ESMP?

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Are there any outstanding actions from previous inspections or audits?

Additional comments:

Contractor ESHS Code of Conduct

Is a Contractor ESMP in place for the project (Yes / No / N/A)?

Did the contractor comply with the requirements of the c-ESMP?

Are there any outstanding actions from previous inspections or audits?

Additional comments:

Contractor Environmental and Social Health and Safety (ESHS) Management

Strategies and Implementation Plan (MSIP)

Is a MSIP in place for the project (Yes / No / N/A)?

Did the contractor comply with the requirements of the MSIP?

Are there any outstanding actions from previous inspections or audits?

Additional comments:

3. Recommendation to Procurement and Finance team

Payment is recommended without objection.

Payment is recommended subject to the following conditions and timelines.

Payment is not recommended.

Additional Comments:

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 Annex 10 - Template for Supervision and Inspection of
Implementation of Environmental and Social Measures in
Civil Works

160
 MozBio 2
Template for Supervision and Inspection of Implementation
of Environmental and Social Measures in Civil Works
TYPE OF ACTIVITY: CIVIL WORKS

This guide contains measures to be applied by Contractors and Subcontractors in construction activities. It shall be adapted for other
activities and include any site specific environmental or social issue.

Mitigation Measure Indicator to verify Compliance Observations

Camp Site
Accommodation for workers
Access to potable water
Suitable sanitation facilities
Work Site
YES NO
Verify its conditions
Verify the water source and treatment if
required (chemical or boiling)
Verify its conditions

Labour
written agreements with Check written contracts
all workers,

Solid Waste Management

Environmental and Social Management Framework for the MOZBIO-2 Project

161
 Noise, Dust, Odour, others

Consult the neighbours to check if is there any

grievance

Hazardous Substances, Fuel Storage and Maintenance Activities

Social

Environmental and Social Management Framework for the MOZBIO-2 Project

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 Annex 11 – Template for Contractor’s ESHS Code of Conduct

Contractor ESHS Code of Conduct

This Contractor ESHS Code of Conduct presents the minimum Code of Conduct
requirements to be adhered to by all project contractors.

Contractors shall adapt this Code of Conduct to the nature of the activities they are
contracted to perform under MOZBIO-2 subprojects.

CODE OF CONDUCT REQUIREMENTS

The obligations of this Code of Conduct apply to all project staff (including sub-
contractors and day workers). Additional obligations may be added to respond to
particular concerns of the region, the location or to specific project requirements.

The Code of Conduct shall address:

1. Compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations
2. Compliance with applicable health and safety requirements (including wearing prescribed
personal protective equipment, preventing avoidable accidents and a duty to report
conditions or practices that pose a safety hazard or threaten the environment)
3. The use of illegal substances
4. Non-Discrimination (for example on the basis of family status, ethnicity, race,
gender, religion, language, marital status, birth, age, disability, or political conviction)
5. Interactions with community members (for example to convey an attitude of
respect and non-discrimination)
6. Sexual harassment (for example to prohibit use of language or behavior, in particular
towards women or children, that is inappropriate, harassing, abusive, sexually
provocative, demeaning or culturally inappropriate)
7. Violence or exploitation (for example the prohibition of the exchange of money,
employment, goods, or services for sex, including sexual favors or other forms of
humiliating, degrading or exploitative behavior)
8. Protection of children (including prohibitions against abuse, defilement, or otherwise
unacceptable behavior with children, limiting interactions with children, and ensuring
their safety in project areas)
9. Sanitation requirements (for example, to ensure workers use specified sanitary
facilities provided by their employer and not open areas)
10. Avoidance of conflicts of interest (such that benefits, contracts, or employment, or
any sort of preferential treatment or favors, are not provided to any person with
whom there is a financial, family, or personal connection)
11. Respecting reasonable work instructions (including regarding environmental and
social norms)
12. Protection and proper use of property (for example, to prohibit theft, carelessness or
waste)
13. Duty to report violations of this Code

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 14. Non-retaliation against workers who report violations of the Code, if that report is
made in good faith.
15. Landscape specific requirements, as detailed in the subproject ESMP, including
prohibitions on hunting, illegal fishing, illegal logging and the use of fires to clear
vegetation.

The Code of Conduct shall be a succinct document, written in plain language,

and translated to local languages where applicable, and signed by each worker to
indicate that they have:
• received a copy of the code;
• had the code explained to them;
• acknowledged that adherence to this Code of Conduct is a condition of
employment; and
• understood that violations of the Code can result in serious consequences, up to
and including dismissal, or referral to legal authorities.

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Annex 12 – Summary of Public Consultation Process (MozBio 2)

Consultation
ProcessMozBio II.pd

165
Annex 13 – Summary of Public Consultation Process (Updated MozBio 2 to
attend GEF 7 AF)

MINUTES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON

SAFEGUARDS INSTRUMENTS FOR GEF 7 AF

The update of the MozBio 2 and GEF 7 AF included a consultation process with key
stakeholders. The consultation process was used to explore issues around the safeguard
instruments (ESMF, RPF, PF and PMP) and new activities that can be supported by GEF 7
Aditional Financing. The consultation included other instruments developed by FNDS
(protocol to land conflicts, protocol to prevent the conversion of critical habitats and
Grievance Mechanism).

Landscape Date Location Nr. of Participants

Elephant Coast 02.03.2020 Madjedjane 84
03.03.2020 Phuza, 32
Muvukuza 24
Maphanga 90
04.03.2020 Bela Vista 57
Chimanimani 11.03.2020 Sussundenga 45
Marromeu Complex 12.03.2020 Marromeu 78
Table 1. Consultation meetings to update the MozBio 2 Safeguard Instruments

In total, 410 participants were involved.The consultation meetings were held in the
three landscapes, with the participation of members of the district consultative
councils, including representatives of district government, local authorities, civil society
and private sector.

Overall, in all meetings participants appreciated the opportunity and possibility for their
communities to benefit from GEF7 financing, requesting however that the project facilitates
access to the poorest people in the communities as most of the fundings usually do not reach
the people who needs more.

Elephant Coast Landscape: 5 consultation meetings were held, and the main challenge
presented was the development of projects focused on agriculture in an area marked by many
humans-wildlife conflicts, with some participants suggesting that the project should invest only
in a strong electric fence, so the community can grow their crops. On the other hand, the
participants also showed their appreciation, as the project includes a component of
sustainable charcoal production, which for some communities is the main economic activity.

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Chimanimani Landscape: The main issue discussed was human wildlife conflit, artisanal
mining and restauration activities. Complaints were raised about job opportunities in the
protected areas and financing GEF 7 activities. Communities want to be given priority in
access to such opportunities in the protected areas, for positions such as rangers to
supplement income while protecting their traditional land. Combined with other measures this
has the potential to bring positive elements in the way of improving the sense of community
ownership. The participants also showed their appreciation, as the project includes a
restauration activities and capacity building program.The landscape has erosion problems that
worsened by the recent cyclone Idai.

Marromeu Complex Landscape: The discussion focused on main challenge, human wildlife
conflict, acess to natural resources for the communities around Marromeu National Reserve
and hunting blocks (coutada), environment education to school, communities’ governance,
revenue from forest and wildlife management and develop economic actitivies. The
participants suggested including construction of borehole, fencing of agriculture area,
dissemination and signalization of the dangerous zones. Invest on environment education and
gender program including schorlaship girls and rehabilitation of school.

All landscapes suggest the reinforce the fencing of AC’s. The MozBio 2 will finance the
development of a conflict human wildlife strategy where proposals for solutions from affected
communities will be incorporated. Currently, the social assessment for the 3 landscapes that
is being carried out using the Social Assessment for Protect Areas (SAPA) methodology is
ongoing, where one of the problems verified was the human wildlife conflict. The GEF 7 funds
will support to implement the strategy.

The table 2: Discussion (Questions and suggestions)

Comment / Question Answer

Elephant Coast Landscape

1 Communities living within and around MSR
have been struggling with man-wildlife
conflicts, therefore, the project must give
priority to reinforcing the reserve's fence, since
the population have been growing crops but
elephants and monkeys have been destroying
most of the cultures.
The MSR, in coordination with the
FNDS, is implementing the Social
Assessment for Protected Areas
(SAPA) which aims to raise the
problems that affect the communities
living in and around the conservation
areas, and jointly identify the possible
solutions and prioritize interventions;
Additionally, MozBio will finance the
design of a mitigation strategy to
reduce human-wildlife conflicts.

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2 It is necessary to train local leaders, so they
know how to deal and manage natural
resources, and also how to apply for project
funding.
The project has a training component
for both local communities as well as
local leaders. Additionally the project
seeks to work with communities in the
context to establish/revitalize local
committees for the management of
natural resources, training on
community governance model as well
as the Gender Action Learning
System (GALS); establishment or
strengthening of Community
Governance Committees; and
mapping and production of land and
natural resource use plans to support
168

3 It is very positive the fact that the project
involves a component sustainable production
of charcoal, since for some communities
charcoal is the main source of income as in
some areas it is difficult to grow crops due to
the human-wildlife conflicts.
4 It was requested a map for the
sensitive/protected/reserved areas to indicate
to communities and leaders which areas
cannot be assigned.
5 Clarify in concrete terms how the conditions of
communities will be improved with additional
funding.
6 It is necessary to empower communities
through community projects to respond to the
negative effects of the human-animal conflict.
7 The project actions related to the presented
amounts are hardly felt on the communities
level, as usually they do not meet the criteria,
that is why it is important to create
differentiated packages for the communities.
8 The FNDS - Project Implementation Unit at the
District level should involve local technicians,
creating effective conditions for close
collaboration.
Chimanimani Landscape
1 What kind of mitigation measures will be taken
to combat the man-wildlife conflict in the
Chimanimani National Reserve?
community development, with
particular emphasis on the 20%
revenue.
Noted.
The work done at PEOT (Special
Territorial Planning) already refers to
the protected reserved, and sensitive
areas, however, the APA
(Environmental Protected Areas)
recently approved will bring more
details, about the implementation
strategy.
The project has a Matching Grant
Scheme (MGS) that will provide
matching funds to local entrepreneurs,
community-based organizations
(cooperatives, associations, and
natural resources committees, among
others), small and medium enterprises
and individuals for revenue generating
businesses. At least 30 percent of
beneficiaries will be women and/or
youth. Businesses to be supported
have to be (i) conservation-
compatible, (ii) consistent with the
approved zoning for the landscape,
(iii) economically viable.
In addition to Sustenta BIO for SME
and small entrepreneurs (PECEs),
MozBIO has a product specially
developed to the communities -
Sustenta Comunidades which seeks
to provide collective support to local
communities.
The suggestion is welcome and its
implementation will be taken in
consideration.
The FNDS is supporting the
development of the mitigation strategy
that includes the community
contributions resulting from SAPA
(Social Assessment for Protected
Areas).
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2 What are theactions that the project plans to
minimize the negative impacts of mining within
CA and buffer zone?
3 The project could support the creation of a
pilot project of a Game Farm in the area of
Muchamba (nearby Elephants corridor).
4 Does the project have a solution to deal with
the individuals/community members who set
traps within the reserve?
5 The project opportunities are not being well
publicized, what can be done to make the
dissemination more comprehensive?
6 Use of native species for the restoration
component and work with IIAM at the local
level since they already promote restoration
activities and have a greenhouse with native
species.
7 The activities of environmental education
should focus on agricultural activity since this
is widely practiced within the District (attention
to erosion, land degradation, fertilizers).
Marromeu Complex Landscape
1 Project’s PMP encourages the use of
fertilizers, however when it comes to
agriculture in conservation areas, the project
should encourage the use of organic
compounds.
2 The requirements of SustentaBIO are not
comprehensive for small entrepreneurs who
have acquired new areas of activity.
3 How will financing be provided for agricultural
activities since most of the communities in
Marromeu Complex do not have land for
agriculture.
The project will raise awareness
campaigns for the communities that
deal with such activities and will seek
to involve in Sustenta BIO and
Sustenta Comunidades initiatives.
The suggestion is welcome and its
implementation will be taken in
consideration.
The project will raise awareness
campaigns for the communities that
deal with such activities and will seek
to involve in Sustenta BIO and
Sustenta Comunidades initiatives.
The project has been working with the
local authorities, local communities
and community radios, however the
project will reinforce communications
in order to make it more effective.
The LMU will collaborate with several
academic institutions including IIAM.
The suggestion is welcome and its
implementation will be taken in
consideration.
The activities of MozBIO 2 go beyond
the limits of the conservation area,
including the buffer zone and the
districts of Marromeu, Cheringoma
and Muanza, and since the project
intends to leverage agriculture it will
be necessary in some cases to use
fertilizers in order to ensure
sustainable production levels.
One of the pre-requisites for financing
the PECEs and SMEs is the minimum
of one year of activity in the proposed
area, however the history of each
PECE/SME will be considered during
the evaluation of the proposals.
The PECE should seek to talk to the
coutadas and voluntarily enters into
an agreement, so the project can
finance.
170
4 Has the project conducted a baseline study to
find out who will be resentful and where they
will be placed?
5 The project will finance companies and small
entrepreneurs, that have to pay taxes to the
State, in this regard, what work will be done to application process the PECEs are
ensure that beneficiaries pay taxes?
6 Blocked bank account prevents communities
to use the deposited amounts in the bank.
7 Irregular situation in channeling the 20% forest
exploitation rate.
Photographic records of consultations process
Marromeu landscape
The project does not include
resettlement activities, however, in
cases where the losses are less than
20%, there may be room for
negotiation and compensation.
The project is aware of the taxes
issues, therefore during the
requested the NUIT and supported to
seek the commercial register with the
competent authorithies.
The project includes a component of
Community Governance of Natural
Resources which will support the
creation or revitalization of local
committees, enabling them to manage
the 20%, it will also support the
identification and training of
community facilitators; training on
community governance model as well
as the Gender Action Learning
System (GALS); establishment or
strengthening of Community
Governance Committees; and
mapping and production of land and
natural resource use plans to support
community development.
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 Marromeu complex landscape (12.03.2020)

Costa dos elefantes

Costa dos elefantes

172
 Annex 14 – Stakholder Engajment Plan (GEF 7 AF)

Stakeholder Engagement Plan (SEP)

GEF 7- Additional Financing (AF) (P172777)

March 2020

173
Table of Contents

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .............................................................................. 175

Introduction, purpose and scope ............................................................................................ 176
Effective and inclusive engagement, meaningful consultation .............................................. 177
Gender equality and women’s empowerment........................................................................ 178
Culturally appropriate consultations and dialogue with Indigenous Peoples ........................ 179
Transparency and access to information ................................................................................ 181
Stakeholder Engagement throughout the GEF Project Cycle ................................................ 181
Stakeholder Engagement in Project Implementation ............................................................. 184
Implementing the Stakeholder Engagement Plan .................................................................. 184
Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting .................................................................................. 185
Participatory Monitoring. ......................................................................................................... 185
Reporting to Steering Committee ........................................................................................ 186
Knowledge Sharing ................................................................................................................ 187
Definitions.............................................................................................................................. 189
Anex1. Table. 2. Key stakeholder and responsibility ........................................................... 190
ANNEX 2 – Ministerial Diploma 158/2011 of 15 June, on specific procedures for
community consultation. ........................................................................................................ 196

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 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ANAC National Administration of Protected Areas (Administração Nacional das Áreas de

Conservação)
BIOFUND Foundation for the Conservation of Biodiversity
CA Conservation Area
CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management
CBO Community-based Organization
CCP Fisheries Communities Council
CERC Contingeny Emergency Response Component
DPTADER Provincial Directorate of Land, Environment and Rural Development
DPASA Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Food Security
DNDR National Directorate of Rural Development
DINAT National Directorate of Land
DINAF National Directorate of Forestry
DNOTER National Directorate for Territorial Planning and Resettlement
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FNDS National Sustainable Development Fund (Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Sustentável)
GALS Gender Action Learning System
GEF Global Environment Facility
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
LMU Landscape Management Unit
MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MGS Matching Grant Scheme
MozBio Conservation Areas for Biodiversity and Development
MSMEs Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
MTA Ministry of Land and Environment
MICULTUR Ministry of Culture and Tourism
MINT Ministry of Interior
MIMAP Ministry of the Sea, Waters and Fisheries
NGO Nongovernmental Organization
PCR Saving and Credit Groups (Poupança de Crédito Rotativo)
PDO Project Development Objective
PF Process Framework
PCU Project Coordination Unit
PPF Peace Parks Foundation
SDAE District Service for Economic Activities
SDPI District Service for Planning and Infrastructure
SDSMAS District Service for Health, Women and Social Action
SDEJT District Service for Education, Youth and Technology
SAPA Social Assessment of protected Area
TFCA Trans frontier Conservation Area

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Introduction, purpose and scope

The Government of Mozambique, represented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development (MADER), is implementing the second phase of the Conservation Areas for
Biodiversity and Development Project (MozBio 2) with funding from the World Bank through
IDA funds.

MozBio 2 aims to increase the effective management of conservation areas and improve the
living conditions of communities in and around conservation areas (CAs). The project focuses
on three geographical Landscape areas: Marromeu Complex, Chimanimani Landscape and
Matutuíne Landscape and divided into 3 components:

Component 1 aims to support the strengthening of the capacity and sustainability of the three
main national biodiversity conservation institutions (ANAC, BIOFUND and FNDS) and to
increase the financial sustainability of the Conservation Areas system and to promote nature-
based tourism at the national level.

Component 2 aims to improve the management of biodiversity conservation in the target CAs,
particularly the governance of the CAs (including their relationship with surrounding
stakeholders), human resource management, establishment and maintenance of infrastructure,
human-wildlife coexistence, research, resource control and strengthening of community-based
organizations (CBOs), among local communities.

176
Component 3 aims to promote rural development compatible with conservation in target
landscapes, by supporting the development of sustainable value chains and integrated
landscape management, financing land use planning and strengthening the capacity of target
districts to reduce pressure on CAs. Under Component 3, also will implemented activities such
as: saving and credit focus on woman group, technical assistance, promotion of inputs, market
access and employment opportunities.

In this context, FNDS applied for additional funds from the GEF - Global Environment
Facility- to reinforce the implementation of the activities planned in MozBio aiming to create
greater impact, specifically on dryland management, through the same structure established in
the landscape.

The main purpose of this document is to ensure inclusive and effective participation of all
project stakeholders. The stakeholder engagement plan is an instrument to recognize the role
of each stakeholder and to illustrate the effort of their involvement in all phases and activities
implemented by the project. The main activities under the GEF will be:
• Reinforcement and expansion of the environmental education program;
• Environmental awareness campaigns;
• Establishment of a community governance system involving CGRN - Natural
Resource Management Committee and other OCBs- community based organizations;
• Habitat rehabilitation and restoration involving communities;
• Promotion of income-generating activities (exploitation of non-timber forest products
- NTFP; tourism);
• Strengthening the implementation of activities to mitigate human-wildlife conflict;
• Strengthening of management plan of EPA-Maputo Environmental Protection Area;
• Sustainable charcoal production around the Licuáti Forest Reserve;
• Reinforcement of joint inspection involving community, District Government,
reserves;
• Integrated pasture management in the Matutuíne landscape;
• Restoration of degraded habitats in the landscape with community involvement;
• Gender-sensitive participatory mapping for the utilization of natural resources;
• Promotion of income generation activities compatible with conservation;
• Strengthening and promotion of saving and credit group - PCRs;
• Biodiversity Monitoring;
• Collaboration with Transfrontier conservation areas.

Effective and inclusive engagement, meaningful consultation

Natural resource development and management projects and programs must implement
approaches and methodology that ensure inclusive and effective participation of the
stakeholders, according to the Mozambican legislation and international agreements. The
project will be implementing the environment and social safeguards policies approved for the
project which ensure this participation. For example, the project will organize meetings in
adequate places where everyone feels comfortable to participate, consultation meetings with
stakeholders including communities, interpersonal contacts and meetings with different social
177
groups. The project will use a wide range of communication channels such as theatre, dance,
songs, as well as community radio in Portuguese and local languages, and will also involve
members of the communities including Natural Resource Management Committee,
Community Fisheries Council, and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in project
activities.

The consultation to the stakeholders will involve as follow:

(i) Central level - government (ANAC, DINAF, DNAT, FNDS, DNDR) and other institutions,
(BIOFUND, AFD, CTA, FFI, PPF, academy researches)
(ii) Provincial level- government (DPTADER, DPASA, LMU) and other institution (MICAIA,
CEP, academy and researches)
(iii) District level - government (SDAE, SDPI, SDSMAS, AC, SDEJT) and other institutions
(ONG’s, Community representatives, academy researches)
(iv) Community level -community leaders, community member, School Council, Natural
Resources Management Committee; Fisheries Community Council, community radios and
other CBO.
Please see Annex 1 for the role of each stakeholder.

Gender equality and women’s empowerment

Gender inequality in Mozambique is manifested in different ways in women´s daily life.

Gender roles ascribed to men and women together with unequal gender power relations result
in Mozambican women having unequal access and control over productive and natural
resources, lower access to education, skills development opportunities and employment than
men. Mozambique has in recent years approved instruments that aim at reducing gender
inequalities in the country, to protect the rights of women and girls and to eliminate any type
of discrimination based on gender. FNDS has also enacted such measures and is committed to
performing constant improvements to ensure better analysis and responses to gender issues.
As a way of responding to these issues, FNDS conducted a Gender Gap Analysis for projects
within its portfolio and prepared a corresponding Gender Strategy for FNDS. This document
is guiding the integration of gender transformative approaches and interventions to promote
gender equality and women’s empowerment.
The FNDS Gender Strategy prioritizes actions to improve future interventions in the project,
and has been developed with accompanying coaching and trainings to central and local level
teams to increase capacity of FNDS and partners to manage and implement these gender
responsive measures. The LMUs are however still in need of continuous and in-house capacity
to fully reach, attract and sustain female participants in the Matching Grant Scheme (MGS)
and to implement the innovative Gender Action Learning System (GALS) methodology, which
aims to address household and community level gender approach.

For this Project specifically, as a gender-tagged Project, a comprehensive set of interventions

are planned and already underway, including:

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 (i) Support to environmental clubs for girls and young women to address gender
differentiated knowledge and skills, including literacy, reproductive health, civic
awareness and leadership;
(ii) Support to scholarship program for girls living in and around the CA to attend
secondary education and avoid premature marriages and early pregnancies.
(iii) Support to Credit and Savings Groups in natural-resource dependent communities
to increase financial empowerment, where 60% of the beneficiaries are women;
(iv) Develop zoning plans that take into account gender-differentiated needs and
opportunities for natural resources management; and
(v) Technical and financial support to female-led businesses.

During implementation, the project will also make use of and promote separate meetings with
groups of women, men, youth, and elderly to ensure that the concerns of each social group are
heard, and the action plan responds to their needs.

Culturally appropriate consultations and dialogue with Indigenous Peoples

Mozambique does not have indigenous peoples; however, it has local communities. According
to the Mozambican legislation, the local community is defined as follows: grouping of families
and individuals, living in a territorial circumscription of locality level or lower, which aims
to safeguard common interests through the protection of housing areas, agricultural areas,
cultivated or fallow, forests, and places of cultural importance, pastures, water sources and
expansion areas.

Local communities are a key player in the implementation of project’s activities on the ground
and are the direct beneficiary of the project. Approved policies and social and environmental
safeguard instruments will be in place to ensure that communities benefit from the
opportunities in the landscapes project implementation areas.

At least 54 local communities live in and around the Conservation Areas (CAs) of the Project
and will be involved in the different activities; (i) 24 communities from the Maputo Special
Reserve and Ponta de Ouro Marine Partial Reserve; (ii) 16 communities from the Marromeu
Reserve and (iii) 14 in the Chimanimani Reserve. In addition, more communities will be
involved such as Licuáti from the Matutuíne landscape, communities around the “Coutadas”
(hunting blocks) and forest concessions from the Marromeu landscape and communities
around the plantations forests of Manica Forest Industry - IFLOMA, and other. The local
knowledge, the opinions and voices of these communities will be taken into account, through
consultations and meetings with different social groups.

The constitutional rights of the local communities will be safeguarded such as the right to
gender equality and the right to use natural resources by customary rules and practices that do
not contradict the constitution of the Republic, as according to Mozambican legislation, men
and women have the same rights.

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In addition, the communities will have the right to consultation as a fundamental instrument
for the involvement of community members, community leaders, and CBOs, and to have their
feedback on the implementation and performance of the project.

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Transparency and access to information

Transparency, accountability and reliability have become universally recognized key

operational principles for good governance, and in order to effectively guarantee transparency,
information should be available, accessible and disseminated among the stakeholders.
It is necessary to establish relevant institutional arrangements that commensurate with the
complexity and cross-cutting nature of the implementation of the GEF 7 activities, as well as
to strengthen coordination among the key sectors (Rural Development, Environment,
Conservation and Land tenure) for a successful implementation. The actors and institutional
arrangements to be adopted should: (i) ensure flexibility and adaptive implementation of the
project, assuming that there will be a need to improve and adjust the quality over time; and (ii)
ensure that the implementation of the project is aligned with the policies and programs in other
development contexts.
Overall, the Mozambican legal framework and the World Bank policies endorse community
participation in the design and implementation of conservation activities in order to help
identify acceptable alternatives to unsustainable patterns of resource use and promote
community support for such alternatives.
Among other aspects environmental education and awareness creating regarding the
importance of natural resources, are essential for capacity-building, dissemination of
information and putting in place truly participatory and democratic processes, especially
transparency and accountability on the use of resources.
For GEF 7 implementation, a Participatory Process Framework was developed (https://we.tl/t-
a77r3GVK62) and the purpose of this Process Framework is to describe the processes by which
potentially affected communities will participate in the project in a more integrated and
peaceful manner.
The GEF 7 financing will ensure "auscultation" functions as conflict resolution mechanisms.
GEF 7 will rely on the Grievance and Redress Mechanism that has been established for all
projects included in the World Bank’s Integrated Landscape Management Portfolio in
Mozambique – the called “Dialogue and Grievance Mechanism (MDR)”.
The publishement of consultations’ conclusions held at all levels contribute to promote the
transparency of decision-making processes. All the consultation reports and approved project
documents will be shared with the stakeholder at different levels, central, provincial, district
and communities, during project’s implementation. Communication methods will also be used
as key tools for the promotion of community-based activities, including different methods such
as community radio, brochures, posters, theatres, workshops and webmail, to reach more
members of the population including reporting on success stories and lessons learned.

According to the project's implementation, manual regular meetings will be held with key
stakeholders at central and landscape levels. (See chapter Participatory monitoring and
Reporting to steering committee).

Stakeholder Engagement in Project preparation

The MozBio 2 Project with the additional financing from GEF 7/ Dryland Sustainable Impact
program (DSL IP) is the second phase of Mozambique Conservation Areas for Biodiversity
and Development (MozBio) Program, fully supported by the World Bank. MozBio 1 started
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addressing several of the challenges (institutions, capacity, financial sustainability, and
community development) which MozBio 2 will take forward, based on lessons learned
including the stakeholder’s engagement approach according to the GEF7 procedures.

During the project preparation, were held the technical meetings with different stakeholders
interested in the implementation of GEF 7. The purpose of the meetings was to discuss the
existing opportunities and propose eligible activities to be financed by GEF7 funds whose focus
is to reduce deforestation and restore critical habitat in the landscape.

The consultation process is continuous; hence the present report contains relevant notes from
the October 2019 to March 2020.

(i) 9.10.19- Were held the technical meeting to discuss GEF actions for the Matutuine
landscape and participated the following institutions: FNDS, ANAC, BIOFUND, WB,
FFI, DINAF, UEM, REM / RMPPO, LMU.
(ii) 10.10.19- Were held the technical meeting to discuss GEF actions for institutional
capacity building component and participated the following institutions: FNDS,
ANAC, BIOFUND, WB, FFI.
(iii) 17.10.19- Were held the technical meeting to discuss GEF actions for the Chimanimani
landscape and participated the following institutions: FNDS, ANAC, BIOFUND,
MICAIA, RNC, LMU.
(iv) 25.10.19- Were held the technical meeting to discuss GEF actions for the Marromeu
landscape and participated the following institutions: FNDS, ANAC, BIOFUND, FAO,
RNM, LMU, UEM.

The participants discussed the main problems affecting the management of natural resources
and conservation of biodiversity, and presented proposals for potential activities and studies to
be implemented to reduce deforestation, restore degraded habitats and strengthen the
engagement of local communities in the landscapes.

This exercise resulted in the GEF project paper proposal, which was submitted to the World
Bank and used as a basis for public consultations were held in the Marromeu, Chimanimani
and Matutuine landscape in March 2020.

The consultation process was used to explore issues around the safeguard instruments (ESMF,
RPF, PF and PMP) and new activities that can be supported by GEF 7 Additional Financing.
The consultation included other instruments developed by FNDS (protocol to land conflicts,
protocol to prevent the conversion of critical habitats and Grievance Mechanism).
In total, 410 participants were involved. The consultation meetings were held in the three
landscapes, with the participation of members of the district consultative councils, including
representatives of district government, local authorities, civil society and private sector.
Table 1. Consultation meetings to update the MozBio 2 Safeguard Instruments to include GEF
7 activities.
Landscape Date Location Nr. of Participants
Elephant Coast 02.03.2020 Madjedjane 84
03.03.2020 Phuza, 32

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 Muvukuza 24
Maphanga 90
04.03.2020 Bela Vista 57
Chimanimani 11.03.2020 Sussundenga 45
Marromeu Complex 12.03.2020 Marromeu 78

Overall, in all meetings participants appreciated the opportunity and possibility for their
communities to benefit from GEF7 financing, requesting however that the project facilitate
access to the poorest people in the communities, as most of the fundings usually do not reach
the people who needs more.
The list of the participants presented in minutes of public consultation safeguards instrument
for GEF 7 AF. The responsibility of each Key stakeholder is presented in table 2 in annex.

To ensure that all stakeholder know the final contents of the project document, including
safeguard instruments, FNDS, will disclose and publish on their institutional website
(www.fnds.gov.mz). Hard copies of documents have also been shared and will be available at
LMU’s and district government, ANAC and CAs.

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Stakeholder Engagement in Project Implementation

The full engagement of the stakeholders in project activities and project decision bodies
is essential to ensure the ownership of the project by the beneficiaries as well as the
sustainability of the project.

Implementing the Stakeholder Engagement Plan

The success of the project's implementation phase involves continuous stakeholder engagement
particularly focused on the project component 2 (Improving Conservation Areas Management
in target landscapes) and component 3 (Promoting conservation-compatible rural development
and integrated landscape).

For Component 2 - Improving Conservation Areas Management in target landscapes, the

implementation of activities related to conservation areas require permanent stakeholder
engagement, whether for conservation activities, human-wildlife coexistence, control and
patrol activities (community patrol), or activities related to promoting environmental
awareness and strengthening of community-based organizations (CBOs) among local
communities. Activities to be financed will be in line with the CAs management plan.
Achieving results requires effective engagement of local communities of the targeted CAs,
with a specific attention to women and addressing gender imbalances.

For Component 3 - Promoting conservation-compatible rural development and integrated

landscape, it addresses community development by promoting activities in buffer zone and
outside of CAs, in the broader landscape. The project will finance a Matching Grant Scheme
targeting local entrepreneurs; CBOs; and micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), to
promote conservation-compatible value chains, including financial literacy of local
communities through the establishment of Saving and Credit Groups (PCRs), which primarily
comprise women, and represents one of the few working mechanisms that help women increase
their financial credit and savings.

The FNDS will be responsible for overall strategic guidance and will coordinate Project
implementation through interaction with all stakeholders.

In practical terms, FNDS will continue outreach, dialogue and consultations with
stakeholders, with a view to carrying out interventions harmonized with sectoral
development policies.

It is worth highlighting that at the District level, there is a strategic importance of the
District Governments, as partners for the implementation of programmed activities,
with the District Service for Planning and Infrastructure - SDPI's for all activities
related to the environment and conservation, infrastructure and territorial planning, the
District Services for Economic Activities-SDAE's for all matters related to agricultural
activity, livestock, fisheries, associated value chains, activities related to tourism,
among others. Issues linked to health and gender are dealt with at the District Service
for Health, Woman, Social Action - SDSMAS, and aspects concerning education and
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technology are with District Service for Education, Youth and Technology - SDJET.

These entities should ensure, depending on the sector, the joint implementation of the
projects in order to guarantee the continuity of the actions after projects’closure.

In order to ensure the use of standard approaches, the project will, as far as possible,
ensure the involvement of key stakeholders, in particular the focal points of the District
Services in training and capacity building actions. Specific trainings related to how to
work on gender responsiveness will also be conducted.

Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting

The Monitoring and Evaluation System is a support instrument to provide information for the
Project Management Unit at FNDS and for the Project Steering Committee (SC) on a
continuous basis, in order to, in an operative way, observe the evolution of Project activities,
in accordance with Annual Plans, and introduce measures and actions necessary to ensure
proper implementation of the Plan and its budget. It will be the vehicle to disseminate reports
with results and impacts, in line with the Project Development Objectives (PDO).

The monitoring and evaluation system consist of three important phases throughout the
implementation of the project: planning, monitoring and reporting and an evaluation phase.

Participatory Monitoring.

The planification phase: all project implementation stakeholders from the local, district and
central levels participate.

(i) At the local level: members of local communities, local leaders, members of local
forums including members of the natural resource management committee,
community fisheries council, school community councils will be involved.

(ii) At district level: technicians from the district services (Economic Activities,
Planning and Infrastructure, Health, Social Action and Gender, Education, Youth
and Technology), representatives of civil society, NGOs, representatives of local
communities, community leaders, private sector, including hunting blocks and
forest concessions, academia, technicians and coordinators of the LMU, technicians
and administrators of CAs, will be involved.

(iii) At the central level: representatives of the Ministries of Agriculture and Rural
Development; Land and Environment; Sea, Interior Waters and Fisheries; FNDS;
ANAC; BIOFUND; National Directorates of Rural Development; Land; Forests;
Territorial planning; academia; among others participants will be involved.

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The monitoring phase: The feedback of the communities will be fundamental for the
reflection and analysis of the results of the projects. The technicians from the CAs, LMUs,
district services and those at the central level, for example ANAC, BIOFUND and FNDS will
lead and be the main drivers involved in this phase. This will be done through field visits,
analysis of reports.

Progress reports. The actors at the district level, LMUs, CAs, and service providers will
provide the information that will be compiled by the FNDS team at the central level.

The different implementation progress reports prepared by the LMU: the quarterly and annual
reports, aide memoires and annual external audit reports, the mid-term and end of the project
reports, the financial and procurement reports. This process will include the disclosure of the
reports to show the intermediate results achieved by the project.

Evaluation phase. The Project performance evaluation will be done at the end of each year,
based on the annual reports, the evaluation of the mid-term, and the aide memoire of the
missions. The final report conducted at the end of the project will be the document for the final
evaluation. The project implementation closing report/implementation completion report will
be available in both Portuguese and English.

Reporting to Project Steering Committee

During implementation, the Government of Mozambique maintains a Project Steering

Committee (PSC) chaired by the CEO of FNDS, and comprising several cross-sectoral
representatives (see below). The main objective of the SC is to support and advise the
implementing agencies, in strategic matters of planning, management and monitoring of
implementation activities. The specific tasks for the Committee will include:
• Appreciate and approve project's plans and annual reports;
• Support the implementing entities in articulation and coordination with the various
relevant stakeholders;
• Advise the implementing entities on opportunities and risks relevant to the
achievement of the stipulated objectives.

The Committee will work during the implementation of the project. It will meet twice a year,
once in the last quarter of the year to review and approve the Annual Plan for the following
year and once in the first quarter of the year to approve the Annual Report for the previous
year. However, there may be extraordinary meetings when justified.

The proposed composition of the Committee is as follows:

• 3 FNDS Representatives
• 2 ANAC Representatives from central
• 1 MTA Representative
• 1 MADER Representative
• 1 MIMAIP representative

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 • 1 MICULTUR Representative
• 1 MINT Representative
• 1 Representative of each target CA
• 1 Representative from each Administration of the target Districts
• 1 BIOFUND representative
• 1 Private Sector Representative
• At least 3 NGO representatives (PPF, FFI, WWF, Carr Foundation or CTV)
• 1 Representative of the Academia

Representatives from other stakeholder groups may be invited to Committee meetings, as

needed, to provide information, but they will not have a say in decisions made by the
Committee.

Knowledge Sharing
Information sharing will be done through meetings and other events organized by the project
as follows:
(i) Bi-monthly meeting: Participants in these meetings include the representatives of the
WB, FNDS, ANAC and BIOFUND. Other stakeholders may be invited to these
meetings when necessary. These will be meetings of a technical nature and the
participants will have the task to share the status and level of implementation of
activities on the ground and for each component.

(ii) Another forum for sharing information will be through the meetings of the project
steering committee to be held at least twice a year, as explained in the session before.

(iii)Twice a year there will be World Bank missions. Will participate the representatives of
the WB, FNDS, ANAC, BIOFUND, CAs, LMUs, local government. Whenever
justified, other stakeholders will be invited.

(iv) At the end of each year, a seminar will be held to share experiences, lessons learned,
success stories and good practices. All stakeholders such as communities, district
governments, LMUs, service providers, private sector, and civil society, among others
will participate in the seminar. These seminars will be of great importance since they
will serve as a platform to massify people's knowledge about the projects, its objectives,
results and impacts in each implementation landscape.

(v) Hardcopy annual and final reports of the project will be shared with stakeholders.

(vi) Knowledge sharing will also be done through regional cooperation on drylands,
including using the Miombo Network and Southern Africa Development Community
(SADC), and other bodies as deemed relevant by the Global DSL IP.

(vii) The Project will also support participation of relevant stakeholders from Mozambique
in global forums, which will allow to prioritize, coordinate and collaborate on efforts
with other dryland countries in order to maximize relevance, impact and cost-
effectiveness of interventions in transboundary ecosystems. It will also support
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participation in coordinating grant events and regional meetings with GEF and FAO,
as well as production, dissemination and knowledge sharing derived from the project.

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Definitions

To ensure that all users have the common understanding of the present stakeholder’s
engagement plan, following are some definitions:

• Local community: grouping of families and individuals, living in a territorial

circumscription of locality level or lower, which aims to safeguard common interests
through the protection of housing areas, agricultural areas, cultivated or fallow, forests,
places of cultural importance, pastures, water sources and expansion areas.

• Stakeholder’s engagement - People and / or institutions that directly or indirectly

participate in the implementation of the project.

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Anex1. Table. 2. Key stakeholder and responsibility
INSTITUTION RESPONSIBILITIES
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
Council Of Ministers/ Create, modify or extinguish national parks and reserves, establish buffer
Conselho de Ministros-CM zones in accordance with Management Plans, approve criteria for
declaring a zone of historical and cultural use, authorize certain activities
in conservation areas, set fees and define percentages of collection fees,
ensure compliance with the forest fauna policy.
World Bank/ Banco Mundial- Financing partner has responsibilities for technical assistance in the
BM different areas, monitoring and supervision of the project.
Ministry of Agriculture and The FNDS is tutored by MADER and the engagement includes
Rural Development/ collaboration with the Directorate of Rural Extension in promoting
Ministério de Agricultura e sustainable development, through administration, management,
Desenvolvimento Rural- protection, conservation and rational use of resources essential to
MADER agriculture and food security.
Promotion of sustainable development of agroforestry resources.
Promotion of coordination, monitoring and evaluation of programs,
projects that contribute to rural development.
Ministry of Land and It will collaborate with the FNDS in the environmental licensing of
Environment/ Ministério de subprojects financed by MozBio 2 and additional funds from GEF 7. The
Terra e Ambiente-MTA MTA is responsible for establishing and implementing the rules and
procedures for the administration, inspection and monitoring of the land
use and benefit rules;
Establish and implement environmental licensing rules and procedures
for development projects.
Ministry of the Sea, Waters Licensing, certifying and authorizing the installation of infrastructures,
and Fisheries/ Ministério de fixed, mobile, and immovable platforms, as well as floating, artificial
Mar, Água Interior e Pesca- islands, submarine cables and pipelines and respective maritime
(MMAIP)/ equipment and material that require the occupation and use of maritime,
river and lake spaces.
Ensure marine conservation areas in conjunction with other competent
entities.
National Administration of Implementing partner of MozBio 2 and GEF 7 additional funds. The
Proteted Areas / project will support ANAC in developing guidelines and procedural
Administração Nacional das standards on key issues in the management and operations of
Áreas de Conservação Conservation Areas, including community governance, benefit sharing,
(ANAC) monitoring biodiversity and human resource management.
Elaboration of legal agreements regarding the co-management of
conservation areas based on business management plans that ensure the
support of communities within conservation areas, with benefit sharing,
based on their performance, support for media development projects.
livelihood, based on conservation commitment agreements;
National Directorate of Land/ Design and implement land sector policies and strategies;
Direcção Nacional de Terras- Ensure the attribution of the titles of Right to Use and Benefit from Land
(DINAT) (DUAT).

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National Directorate of Design and implement forest sector policies and strategies;
Forestry/ Direcção Nacional Ensure the allocation of licenses for forestry concessions;
de Florestas- (DINAF) Ensure the enforcement of fines in the forestry sector;
Mozambique Agricultural Responsible for implementing research, development and dissemination
Research Institute of agricultural technologies in Mozambique;
(IIAM)/Instituto de Ensure that the research carried out in the landscapes covered by the
Investigação Agrária de project benefits the local communities.
Moçambique (IIAM)
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT
Provincial Directorate of Responsible for issuing environmental licenses for projects at Provincial
Land, Environment and Rural level;
Development / Direcção Support in the elaboration of messages and environmental education
Provincial de Terra, Ambiente material;
e Desenvolvimento Rural - Support in the implementation of environmental education program and
(DPTADER) events.
Provincial Services of Land Responsibility for ensuring the enforcement of laws and regulations
and Registry/ Serviços relating to the use and improvement of land in the Province;
Provinciais de Geografia e Perform technical work related to surveying and land registry and
Cadastro- (SPGC) geodesic and cartography.
Ensure that the land rights of communities are respected and that
community consultations carried out properly.
Provincial Services of Guarantee the management, protection and rational use of forest
Forestry and Wildlife / resources at the Province level;
Serviços Provinciais de Monitor compliance with technical and administrative standards related
Florestas e Fauna Bravia- to forests;
(SPFFB) Establish forest restocking programs at the provincial level;
Ensure that the rights of local communities around the forest concessions
and forest reserves are respected.
Regional Administration of Managing and control public water, create and maintain the water quality
Water / Administração and the registration of private uses, as well as the launching and
Regional de Água- (ARA) - collection of water use and use fees;
CENTER AND SOUTH Proceed with the licensing and the concession of use of water.
Approve the hydraulic works to be carried out and inspect, in accordance
with the applicable specific regulations;
Ensure that the studies carried out on water benefit the Conservation Area
and communities around the landscape. For example, the Salone River in
the landscape of Marromeu.
Landscape Management Responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the project
Unit/ Unidade de activities at the landscape level;
Implementação da Promote and enable specific businesses (value chains) for the
Paisagem –LMU/PIU development of rural areas (agriculture, nature-based tourism, creation of
wild animals, fisheries, natural resources, forests and others).
Ensure the sustainable management of natural resources and
conservation;

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 Promote the value chain initiatives to develop entrepreneurship, with a
focus on the inclusion of women and young people, through the
identification and development of links with markets;
Support in training of communities and other actors in value chains and
market promotion;
Provide institutional support in elaboration of policies, strategies,
programs and other management instruments for rural development.
Conservation Area/ Área de Direct implementation partners for the MozBio 2 project and GEf 7
Conservação (AC’s) Additional Funds.
Promote regional management cooperation and the sustainable use of
natural resources in areas of high ecological value;
Ensure the use of natural resources by communities within and in the
buffer zone;
Implement the SAPA- Social Assessment for Protected Area action plan
for the well-being of communities.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
District Service for Economic Responsible for promoting forest management;
Activities / Serviços Distritais Ensure the enforcement of the Forest and Wildlife Law;
das Actividades Económica- Promote environmental education of communities on the control of fires;
(SDAE) Disseminate appropriate production technologies among producers;
Encourage food production and cash crops;
Encourage the planting of shade and fruit trees;
Ensure technical assistance to farmers.
District Service for Planning Responsible for the planning, management and monitoring of the spatial
and Infrastructure / Serviços area, public construction, infrastructure and equipment, transport and
Distritais de Planeamento e traffic, environmental management, emergency and provision of public
Infraestruturas-(SDPI) services at the district level.
District Service for Health, Responsible for the management and monitoring of the Health areas, at
Woman, Social Action / the District level;
Serviços Distritais de Saúde, Facilitate and provide training to the girl’s club promoters on women's
Mulher e Ação Social- issues, social and gender issues and health reproductive;
(SDMAS) Participate in training and exchange of experience on girls' health, sexual
and reproductive education health, personal and collective hygiene.
District Service for Education, Responsible for the planning and coordination of sector activities;
Youuth and Techonology / Facilitate and support in the identification of schools, establishment of
Serviços Distritais de the environmental education program in the district.
Educação Joventude e Support and collaboration on the implementation of the environmental
Tecnologia-(SDEJT) education training in district schools;
Promote the exchange experience visits between schools under
environmental education program.
Facilitate and support the implementation of scholarships for girls;
Guide and promote the participation of children and young people in the
community's socio-cultural life and encourage the practice of research in
the area of technique and art;
PRIVATE SECTOR

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Confederation of Economic Contribute to the economic and social development of Mozambique,
Activities / Confederação das based on the growth of the Private Sector, promoting and protecting
Actividades Económicas- business opportunities and private initiatives, culture and business
(CTA) associations.
BIOFUND Implementing partner for MozBio 2 and GEF 7.
BIOFUND aims to finance the conservation of biodiversity in
Mozambique with a special focus on the national system of conservation
areas.
Ensure the operational costs and monitoring of Conservation Areas;
Ensure the sustainable and long-term sources of finance for the
biodiversity conservation;
ECO-MICAIA Mobilize financial investment with social impact to the local
communities, focus on natural resource products, agriculture and
tourism.
Hunting block - COUTADAS Promote sustainable use of wildlife and sport hunting;
(10,11, 14) Promote game tourism and protection of species;
Ensure that the rights of use of natural resources by communities are
respected;
Ensure that local communities receive their benefits in accordance with
legislation
Agência de Desenvolvimento Promote and implement the economic development strategy in the
Económico de Manica/ landscape;
Economic Development Promote and train savings and revolving credit groups with gender
Agency - ADEM sensitive;
Develop and implement an effective financial education program;
Develop a simple and successful models of savings and revolving credit
groups to be implemented with the beneficiaries of value chains / small
businesses compatible with the conservation of biodiversity in the
landscape;
Facilitate in the creation of PCR network at local level.
COMMUNITIES
COMMUNITIES LEADERS/ Promote awareness of the sustainable management of natural resources
LÍDERES COMUNITÁRIOS and the conservation of biodiversity at community level;
Promote and encourage community members to participate in project’s
activities such as: habitat restauration, reforestation, control of
uncontrolled fires; poaching, and other illegal activities;
Promote and participate in an environmental education program;
Facilitate communication about the environmental education program, at
community level.
Ensure that communities are aware of their rights and ensure that
companies comply with them.
Assist the local communities in the resolution of Human and wildlife
conflict and others conflict related to the management of natural
resources;
Ensure that communities continue to have access to the natural resources
needed for their daily lives (medicinal plants, building materials, and

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 wood fuel), sacred areas (cemeteries, places of worship), water sources,
and other places located in landscape.
SCHOOL COUNCIL/ Participate in the environmental education activities, including
CONSELHOS DE ESCOLA community awareness of the protection of the environment;
Participate in the selection of girls for scholarships;
Mobilize the school and local community to participate in environment
education program.
Natural Resource Committe/ Ensure the good relationship between communities and local authorities;
Comités de Gestão de Ensure that the 20% and other revenues of natural resources exploitation
Recursos Naturais - (CGRN) are effectively reaching to the community members.
Ensure that community consultations, negotiation and partnership
agreements established with the private sector and other entities are
follow established procedures;
Develop actions for sustainable exploitation of natural resources that
contribute to the well-being of local communities;
Develop conflict resolution mechanisms that involve different actors in
the landscape;
Represent and defend the interests of the communities’ members,
associations and other entities;
Collaborate with the project, ACs, LMUs in the control and monitoring
of the use of natural resources, namely in the control of uncontrolled
fires, illegal cutting of the forest, poaching.
Fisheries Co-management Support the implementation of fishing activities in a sustainable way.
Committee / Comité de Co- Promote awareness for fishing communities in Landscape.
gestão Pesqueira
Savings and Revolving Credit Disseminate good practices as result of the savings and revolving credit
Groups / Grupos Poupança e methodology to other members of the community, especially to women
Crédito Rotativo- PCR groups.
Promote awareness to other community members about biodiversity
conservation in order to develop environmentally sustainable businesses.
Comunity Participate in project activities in general such as: habitat restauration,
Members/Membros da reforestation, control of uncontrolled fires; poaching, and other illegal
comunidade activities;
Replicate the good practices of sustainable natural resource management,
environmental education, principles of good governance such as: justice,
transparency, dialogue, inclusion;
Give feedback on the project's performance and impact on community
life and well-being.
COMMUNICATION BODIES
Community Radio/ Radios Provide information to different target groups within the community;
Comunitárias Collaborate in the preparation and transmission of radio programs to the
communities at landscape;
Provide environmental education information to the communities and
public in general.
CIVIL SOCIETY/NGO/ COOPERATION AGENCIES

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French Development Agency Sharing experience in law enforcement to poaching and protecting CA's;
(FDA)/Agência Francesa de Financing of biodiversity conservation activities, including research,
Desenvolvimento (AFD) monitoring and implementation of the CAs management plan. .
Community Natural Responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the community
Resources Management governance model integrated in gender-based planning tools (GALS) at
Network/ Rede de Gestão the community level including households;
Comunitária dos Recursos Ensure that the content and procedures for the strengthening of local
Naturais/REDE-GCRN communities are well established, effective, functional, inclusive and
Measurable.
Ensure that the governance model help the communities to develop a
sustainable land use plans based on participatory zoning, economic plans
and land use agreements to promote local development.
Food and agriculture Sharing experience and support in sustainable forest management.
Organization (FAO)/
Organização para
Alimentação e Agricultura
Micaia Fundation (F- Training small farmers and beekeepers and supporting CBO’s to obtain
MICAIA)/Fundação MICAIA a better price for their crops, thus improving their living conditions.
Training of community members, CBOs, on governance.
Peace Parks Foundation (PPF) Co-manager of the Maputo Special Reserve. Reinforces financial support
to improve CA management, helping to preserve ecosystems while
protecting the natural and cultural heritage of the reserve.
VIDA NGO Support local communities in strengthening nutrition services and the
capacity of health centers;
CESAL NGO Promotes the human development of the most vulnerable groups, based
on the experience of the beneficiaries themselves.
Minhembeti Support the development of local communities to expand agricultural
Foundation/Fundação activity, provides clean water and creates job opportunities.
Minhembeti
ACADEMY
Eduardo Mondlane
University/Universidade Collaboration on implementation of conservation leadership program.
Eduardo Mondlane - UEM
Zambeze University/ UNI- Technical assistance in technology transfer for research and rural
ZAMBEZE, extension in the context of sustainable development.
High level Polytechnic Strengthening capacity building for the economic and social
Institute – Manica / Instituto development of local communities, through technical and professional
Superior Politécnico de education.
Manica (ISPM)

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ANNEX 2 – Ministerial Diploma 158/2011 of 15 June, on specific procedures for
community consultation.

• Public Consultations and Stakeholder Engagement in WB-supported operations when there

are constraints on conducting public meetings” (March 20, 2020)
(https://worldbankgroup.sharepoint.com/sites/wbunits/opcs/Pages/pc/Operations-COVID19-
Coronavirus-Information-03092020-081859/Overview-03092020-081941.aspx )
• Decree 11/2020 on the State of National Emergency.

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