THE GREAT PLEBEIAN COLLEGE

ALAMINOS CITY, PANGASINAN

S.Y 2020-2021

I. Course Title : Developmental Reading 1

II. Course Code : Prof. Ed 607
III. Credit Unit : 3 Units
IV. Course Description
The purpose of this course is to improve your reading skills through the practice
of vocabulary enrichment, reading comprehension exercises, speed reading
strategies, written responses, discussions, and reflections. Exploring and
examining the entire reading process, you will become a more confident,
independent, effective, and efficient reader. This course sharpens the
teacher’s reading proficiency in preparation for the introduction to the
nature of the reading process.

V. Course Objective
1. Identify the topic and purpose of a reading sample
2. Distinguish between main ideas and supporting details
3. Locate specific information
Distinguish between stated and implied ideas; make inferences
4. Draw conclusions and predict outcomes
5. Recognize the structure and organization of paragraphs
6. Use strategies to think critically about reading
7. Use various reading aids such as the dictionary
8. Use appropriate technology to enhance reading comprehension, reading speed,
and vocabulary development
9. Demonstrate techniques for improving vocabulary such as using contextual
clues, word parts, and other reading devices

EDLYN MAE C. SARMIENTO, MAEd

INSTRUCTOR

GMAIL: edlynsarmiento28@gmail.com
FACEBOOK: Edlyn Mae Camba. Sarmiento
INSTRUCTION:
 You must participate actively during class discussions/recitations.
 You must pass all the other requirements of the course.
 Make sure to incur a passing mark in every quizzes set by the teacher

OVERVIEW:
This course is designed to help students master the reading, reasoning, vocabulary, and computer
skills, which will enable them to succeed in college level courses using college level texts.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Improved impression about reading
2. Ability to discuss reading in positive ways
3. Acquired motivation to improve reading skills
4. Acquired appreciation of the wondrous origin of reading
5. Ability to highlight the epic periods that gave us reading today
6. Experience the broader aspect of reading body language
7. Acquaintance with reading in terms of its physiology or internal process in the human
organism
8. Retention of scientific terms related to the physiology of reading
9. Appreciation of the wondrous process of reading

KEYWORDS:
Reading - Reading is a multifaceted process involving word recognition,
comprehension, fluency, and motivation. Learn how readers integrate these facets to
make meaning from print.
Body Language - the process of communicating nonverbally through conscious or
unconscious gestures and movements.
Cuneiform - denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient
writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on
clay tablets.
Physiological - relating to the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions
of living organisms and their parts.
Regression - a return to a former or less developed state.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCUSSION 1: A Preview on Reading

DISCUSSION 2: History of Reading
DISCUSSION 3: Reading as a Physiological Process
DISCUSSION 1
A PREVIEW ON READING

Let's prepare for learning

How does reading as a personal activity impress you?

Have you stopped to reflect on the significance of reading, an activity which you have
been doing since your elementary grades until your college life today? Do you think of it
simply as a tool for studies? That it is perhaps burdensome and it would be a relief to set
aside? Or it's a work activity, cutting time for more leisurely activities like games, watching
television or listening to music?

Let's learn from great minds

Before answering these questions, let's see how people of great minds think of
reading. Here are some of their thoughts on reading:

“Reading early in life gives a youngster a multitude of friends to guide intellectual and
emotional growth” (Caroll Gray)

"Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body" (Richard Sleete)

After three days without reading, talk becomes flavorless." (Chinese proverb)

“Once you learn to read you will be forever free. (Frederick Douglass)

“The delights of reading imparts the vivacity of youth even in old age.” (Isaac d'isrelli)

"Reading maketh a full man." (Francis Bacon)

“The greatest gift is a passion for reading. It is cheap, it consoles, it excites, it gives you
knowledge of the world and experience of a wide kind. It is a moral illumination.” (Elizabeth
Hardwick).

And as for books which contain reading materials:

“A book is a garden carried in a pocket.” (Chinese proverb)

“A man without books is as a body without a soul” (Cicero)

 “The book is man's best invention so far." (Carolina Maria de Jesus)

“I have sought rest everywhere, and only found it in corners, and books."

(Thomas a Kempis)

“You don't have to burn books to destroy a culture. Just get people to stop reading
them. (Ray Bradbury)

“Books we must have though we lack bread.” (Alice Williams Brotherston)

“Books are the treasured wealth of the world and the fit inheritance of generations.”
(Henry David Thoreau).

ACTIVITY 1
Learning from famous men and women, you may answer the following questions.
Check your answer and explain your choice.

YES NO

1. Reading is a burden in your work life.

2. Personally, it has not been useful in your studies.

3. For men and women of great minds, they are avoided and
set aside.

4. They also do not find books as source of rest and

enjoyment.

5. The Library is not a wholesome place to stay and spend time

in.
 In general, do great men and women find reading helpful, wholesome, and a
helpmate in life?

ACTIVITY 2
Through informal sharing of opinion, give brief reasons why:

1. Reading books can be your friend.

2. Reading exercises your mind.
3. You can have more topics/facts for conversation after reading.
4. Books sparked people’s freedom movement.
5. Reading can foster a rich and fulfilling life.
6. Libraries contain wealth.
7. A book is like a garden.
8. Churches burn heretical books; states censor radical books.
9. Book are one of man’s greatest inventions.
10. You should bring a book during long travel.

ACTIVITY 3
Create two separate web graphs/figures to show the benefits provided by (a) reading
and (b) books.

ACTIVITY 4
Write a resolution (something you wish to do) drawn from your recent discovery
about reading and books.

RUBRICS FOR DISCUSSION 1

ACTIVITIES
SUMMARY:
Previewing is a preparation strategy to improve our ability to focus on and remember our
assignments. Benefits of Previewing: Better concentration: Because you understand what
you are reading about you can concentrate more fully.

REFERENCE
Developmental Reading 1; Aida V., Rogelio DS; Lorimar L. Delos Santos

DISCUSSION 2
THE HISTORY OF READING

Let's prepare to learn

“Books are the carriers of civilization. Without books

history is silent, literature dumb, science crippled.”

 -Barbara Trishman

As a modern man you are surrounded by reading materials from mass media
(such as newspapers, magazines, advertising, etc.) as well as other forms of modern
communication including the mobile phone and the Internet. But have you ever
wondered how reading originated? Everything in the universe including man has a
beginning and so let's cull on what history can tell us about reading.

Let's look at the distant past

According to paleontologists who study fossils and other evidences of life on

earth, the first man was a latecomer on earth and appeared on the planet only
about one hundred thousand years ago. But even during those primitive days, man
walked upright, had adaptable hands and a brain which enabled him to devise ways
to show superior strength and cunning. And as he lived in communities, he was a
social being who communicated with his kind.

In the beginning, however, he employed grunts and body language using

gestures and postures to convey his ideas and needs to others. Slowly, he
developed oral language which enabled him to express more clearly the messages
he wanted to convey. In time, various circumstances such as the need to
communicate to others who are distant in place caused man to devise symbols
corresponding to his oral messages.

We have evidence of this in the Old Stone Age rock painting and in the
cuneiform or picture writing. From these we have knowledge of the earliest human
act of picture writing and reading.

Picture-writings during the Sumerian civilization between 3000 to 4000 B.C.

were incised on baked tablets. They served to communicate and preserve private
letters, business contracts, accounts, tax receipts, royal orders and state records.
Meanwhile, the Egyptian civilization along the river Nile carved their pictorial symbols
known as hyroglypics on the stone wall of temples and tombs, or carefully painted
them on wooden coffins. The Egyptians also invented paper derived from the
papyrus plant on which they wrote their signs with a reed pen and ink made by
mixing water, gum and soot. Other civilizations such as those in Syria, Phoenicia and
Palestine used more permanent writing materials such as leather rolled into scrolls.
But the greatest contribution to the progress of ancient civilization came from the
Phoenicians who adopted and spread the use of letter-symbols or the alphabet.
Due to its simplicity, it was developed by other peoples such as by the Greek and
Romans. The Roman system of writing in turn became the basis for all the systems
of writing being read by modern peoples today.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

PLEASE WATCH!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=COxB_GvdzWI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=dT4FwLaYD6k

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform 1
ACTIVITY 1

By way of graph figures (squares, arrows, etc.) illustrate reading as it began

and developed in human history.

ACTIVITY 2

Even during our modern days, we too can "read” nonverbal or the silent
language system as was done by primitive man. Researchers estimate that
conveying messages through body language (finger symbols, gestures, postures,
etc.) expresses 50 percent of our meanings. Needless to say, you can improve your
communication skills by developing awareness of silent language. (Video yourself for
each activity)

1. For learning and fun, see how the class can "read” these messages, as individual
students are assigned to communicate them using grunts, sign language or gestures
(but no words):

I’m hot. I’m Thirsty. Look!

I’m tired. I’m sleepy. Come here.

2. Read similar communication without words for more complex ideas:

a. We are living in a scientific world.

b. The man in the third row seems happy.

c. My friend is shy and feels inferior to her classmates.

d. I have a pet dog who is most loyal to me.

e. Happiness is how you feel about yourself and other people.

3. Let the class judge how well you say the following with body language.

Yoo-hoo!

Where are you?

Hey! My foot is caught.

Wait for me.

Help me!

How beautiful you are!

I'm sorry but I can't go.

This is my affair.

Don't get excited.

How happy!

4. Show a physical skill to the class:

Tying knots painting casting a fishing bait holding a golf club

Shooting a basketball swimming a new dance step riding a horse

Carrying a bundle caught in the rain watching a tennis match

Doing aerobics exercise conducting an orchestra ice skating

RUBRICS

ACTING 15 points

EYE CONTACT 10 points

FACIAL EXPRESSION 15 points

OVERALL PERFORMANCE 20 points

= 60points

ASSIGNMENT

Research and submit brief descriptions of (a) Old stone Age Rock painting ()
Cuneiform writing (6) Egyptian hyroglypics (c) Greek alphabet (d) Roman alphabet

SUMMARY

Spoken language is a natural, biological form of human communication that is over 6

million years old. Reading is an invention that is only 6000 years old. There simply
hasn't been enough evolutionary time, yet, for the human physiology of reading to be
perfected.

REFERENCE
Developmental Reading 1; Aida V., Rogelio DS; Lorimar L. Delos Santos

DISCUSSION 3
READING AS A PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Let's prepare for learning

Have you ever wondered about the process on how reading is done by man?
How come reading triggers different reactions on the human organism? How can we
avoid straining ourselves when reading? Such questions can be answered by
understanding the physiology in the human activity of reading.

Let's learn facts

Here are known facts about reading:

1. Reading involves both an organic or physiological process and a mental

or cognitive processes. But it is difficult to put a demarcation line between
these two processes as they overlap since the mind controls all human
activities. Thus some reading experts simply refer to this process as being
neuro-physiological in nature.

2. In the physiological process, the most basic step is for the eyes to see,
identify, and recognize the printed word or images (illustration, diagram,
picture).

3. The light patterns from the printed symbols hit the foveal areas or closely
packed sensory cells of the retina.

4. In turn, this induces chemical changes that create patterns of nerve

currents into the optic nerve fiber.

5. Then these currents travel to a center in the mid-brain.

6. The stage of reading revolves around the ability to identify and recognize
words which are the smallest unit of visual identification and meaningful
recognition. But the act of reading does not take place if the letters are
perceived in isolation.

7. Finally, using the currents that travel to the mid-brain, the cerebral cortex
interprets the symbols (with the help of traces of the memory's store of past
experiences, also by associations that enable the reader to perceive meaning
of the word).

8. Studies show eye movement in reading with the eye perceiving and
pausing on the printed material horizontally from left to right and top-to-bottom
( for the westerner) or right to left and bottom-to-top (for Asians such as the
Chinese).
 9. Scientific experiments have also shown that there are several eye
movements:

(a) fixation or the eyes stopping or getting fixated on the word or words.
The duration of fixation is the length of time the eyes has to pause. More
readers take four eye pauses per second, while poor readers need more
time to pause in order to see with accuracy.

(b) inter-fixation or the eyes moving from stopping point to the other
(horizontally from left to right, up coming down under).

(C) return sweeps with the eyes swinging back from the end line to the
beginning of the next line.

(d) Short quick hop and jump movements called saccades, done especially
by literate people, to move ahead on a line of print.

(e) regressions or backward right-to-left movement in case there is need

to double check what is being read.

(f) span of recognition or the eyes' recognition of a group of words. It is

believed that readers can add to their reading ability by widening the span
of recognition by means of chunking of phrases, a focus on the total word
pattern. As the span widens, fixation decreases resulting in increased
speed in reading.

To reflect, one reads ideas not words. The habit of reading decreases of word
deciphering, resulting in an ease in perceiving meaning, relationship and messages
of the printed material.
ACTIVITY 1
To go back to the questions posed at the beginning of this lesson, formulate
and share your answers to these questions:

1. Is reading a wonderful human activity?

You may find help for your answer from this quotation:

"A bit of light comes into the eye, an electric impulse flits through the brain, and we
"see.” Science doesn't really know what light is or what the mind is, but much is now
known about the miracle of seeing." - Wolfgang Langewiesche

Your answer:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
2. Is physical seeing much like a photographic/camera picture-taking?

Your answer:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

3. What causes eye strain?

Hint: No continued reading for long hours (not more than two hours is
recommended), also adequate and proper lighting (left-to-right of the eyes for the
source of light), reading in a quiet/cool environment, no reading in a moving vehicle,
etc.

Your answer from personal experience:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
ACTIVITY 2
Prepare a chart illustrating the physiological process in reading.

ASSIGNMENT

Prepare a drawing of an ideal home study room.

SUMMARY

Is the function of living organisms and their parts, and the physical and chemical
factors and processes involved. What is reading as a physiological process? It is the
thinking and alertness of the brain that is used to process the words that are on a
page or screen when you read.

REFERENCE

Developmental Reading 1; Aida V., Rogelio DS; Lorimar L. Delos Santos