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Celtic Birth Signs
Celtic Birth Signs
Symbols
Gemstone: The Birch gemstone is Rock Crystal, a naturally-occuring substance with the ability to
render invisible light visible through the means of refraction. It is formed from clear, lustrous quartz
and was first discovered in the Alps, at which time it was believed to be a kind of ice or "krystallos."
Rock Crystal has been valued since ancient times as a magical stone of divination and was formed
into spheres for the art of crystal-gazing. Sometimes, shadows would materialize within the Crystal
as it cooled...shadows which resembled mountains or pyramids, usually indistinct and barely
discernable. These shadows were known as "phantoms" or "ghosts" and though considered
imperfect for divination, such ethereal inner shapes lent a certain unique enchantment to the
particular sphere. In Medieval Europe, alchemists believed that if Rock Crystal were cut in a certain
manner and then placed in sunlight, it would have the power to make any solid thing invisible. To the
Japanese, it was the "perfect jewel," being a symbol of purity, patience and perseverance, and in
Ancient Rome, noblewomen carried Crystal balls in their hands during the heat of Summer, believing
they had been formed from ice and thus, possessed cooling properties. American Indians treasured
the Crystal as a sacred stone, believing it to possess a life and energy which was treated as a sacred
trust. Some tribes would "feed" their Crystals with sacrificial blood whenever a Deer or Caribou was
slain, believing this would keep the spirits within the stones aware of their reverence. The Druids are
said to have used Rock Crystal to make themselves invisible so that they might travel undetected. If
held in both hands, it was believed to induce serenity and peace of mind, as well as sharpening the
mental processes. An aura of mysticism and magic continues to surround the Crystal and it may be
many centuries before all its secrets are truly revealed.
Flower: The flower of the Birch is the Common Daisy, which blooms from the earliest days of Spring until
late in the Autumn and covers the ground with its flat leaves so closely that nothing can grow beneath them.
It is said that the Daisy awakens with the Sun and sleeps with the Moon. As a symbol of innocence and
fidelity, some authorities claim that the lineage of the Daisy may be traced to "Belenos," a Celtic God of Light
and a Solar deity. Others maintain that the name is derived from the Latin bellus (meaning "pretty" or
"charming") while yet others believe its name is taken from a dryad named "Belidis." The healing powers of
the Daisy were often employed by the Druids, particularly on the battlefield. Under such circumstances,
those who could counteract the debilitating shock of injuries accompanied by the immense loss of blood,
were considered to be great wound-healers. Knights of old would wear a chain of Daisies on their persons to
protect them in battle. If such a knight wore a double band, then he was recognized as being betrothed.
Worn as a charm, the Daisy was said to protect the wearer and afford a cure for ulcers and warts. The Daisy
grows profusely over wide areas throughout the world and is an evergreen plant of hardiness which
complements the durability of the Birch. There is an old English proverb which states that Spring has not
arrived until one's foot can be set upon twelve Daisies. To dream of Daises in the Spring or Summer is
associated with good luck, but the same dream in the Autumn or Winter is considered to be bad luck. The
tears of Mary Magdalene, as they fell upon the ground, are said to have created the first Daisies and,
according to Celtic legend, the spirits of infants who had died in childbirth scattered Daisies on the Earth to
cheer their sorrowing parents.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Birch is the Sun ("Sul"). In terms of Celtic mythology,
the Sun was a powerful deity whom the Welsh Bards called "Taliesin" and whose brilliance was referenced in
many romantic and intellectual deeds which are the subject of numerous poems. In similar fashion, the Irish
Celts also have many tales recounting the great deeds of their greatest of all Warrior Gods...their Sun-King
named "Lugh." Lugh had many titles, one of which was "Lugh of the Long Arm," since he was believed to be
guardian of two Great Gifts of the Ancient Irish...the Magical Sword and Spear. This belief in Lugh would
eventually evolve over time into the beliefs surrounding Christianity and Jesus Christ...the "sun" or "son" of
God who, coincidentally, may have belonged to an ancient Jewish order known as the "Essenes" or
"Brotherhood of Light." Lugh is also credited with being the inventor of all arts and crafts.
Deity: The Birch deity is Lugh, also known as the "Shining One." Lugh was a Hero God whose symbol in
Wales was a White Stag and whose sacred symbol was a spear. Always accompanied by two Ravens, Lugh
is sometimes depicted as having only one eye. He was a deity of many skills, a diverse God whose
jurisdiction included the Sun, light, grain harvest, fire, metallurgy and weaving. He was also know to be a
protector of the weak. Lugh, whose destiny it was to kill his grandfather, was Chief Lord of the Tuatha De
Danaan and may have originally been a King of the Fomorians who was adopted by the Tuatha De Danaan
and then by the Celts. Though divine, Lugh is thought to have possibly been sired by an earthly father and,
because of this association, is perceived as a "bridge" between the mortal and immortal worlds. More statues
and holy sites were erected to Lugh than to any other Celtic deity and he is often equated with the Greek
God, Apollo. Lugh's final claim to fame is that his name became part of the term used to describe a certain
fairy common in Irish folklore...over time, "Little Stooping Lugh" or "Luchorpain," evolved into the word
"Leprechaun," the tiny expert cobbler and guardian of hidden treasure.
Animals:
The Golden Eagle - The Golden Eagle once symbolized the soul...signifying resurrection and rebirth...the
power of life over death. It also represented a metamorphosis or change of spirituality on all levels. Now
almost extinct in Britain, this magnificent Bird is seldom seen except in the North of Scotland. Scottish
Highland Chieftains still wear three golden-eagle feathers in their bonnets to proclaim their high rank. The
Druids were believed to have the ability to change into the form of all birds and beasts, but among their
favored choices was the Eagle, as well as the Raven and the Crow.
The White Stag - The Stag of ancient times was considered a beast of royal lineage and, as a horned deity
called "Cernunnos," became an important intermediary for the Celts between the animal kingdom and man,
being guardian of the gateway connecting these two worlds. The Stag figures prominently in Celtic myths
and legends. Antlers have been unearthed in Newgrange (Ireland), as well as at various sites in Britain,
including Stonehenge and Glastonbury. It was a symbol of the metamorphic process of spiritual growth, high
ideals and aspirations.
December 24-December 31: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Apple, whose motto is "Fulfilled In Love." The Apple Tree is the tree of perfection, the
love link that unites nature with mankind, life with death and the beyond with the here and now. It is one of
the seven sacred Celtic trees. The Celtic calendar has only two fruit trees...one is the Apple and the other is
the Fig. Apple individuals are usually slight of build and blessed with an abundance of charm, appeal and
attraction. They exude a pleasant aura and are flirtatious, adventurous and sensitive. Always in love, Apple
people seek to be loved and make for faithful and tender partners. They are generous, stable and possessed
with scientific talents. A person who "lives for today," the Apple individual is a carefree philosopher endowed
with imagination who dreams about an untroubled life with no division. Apples are excellent mediators, their
moral tolerance being beyond reproach and they like to be in contact with people they can help, for by
helping others, they can often help themselves out of a bad patch.
January 1-January 11: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Fir, whose motto is "To Watch Over Every Birth" or "The Mysterious." Fir individuals
have extraordinary taste, dignity and sophistication. They love anything that is beautiful, but tend to be
somewhat moody and stubborn. Though somewhat egotistic, Fir individuals nonetheless care deeply for
those close to them. They are usually quite modest, very ambitious, talented and industrious. Fir people tend
to make many friends...and equally as many foes...but are very reliable in character. Reserved about
everything that affects them closely, Fir individuals tend to take refuge beneath the facade of prosperity, with
a paradoxical need to feel free and protected at the same time.
January 12-January 20: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Elm, whose motto is "Noble Attitude." Elm individuals are usually pleasantly built and
are fond of tasteful clothes. Their demands are modest and they are practical by nature. There is a tendency
to be unforgiving of those who make mistakes, but they are otherwise cheerful. With a desire to lead, the
unconventional Elm individual dislikes being given orders, but does make for an honest and faithful partner.
With an inherent dislike of selfish people and those who "follow the pack," the ideals of Elm people lean
strongly toward justice and tolerance. Although Elm individuals are prone to make decisions on behalf of
others, they are nonetheless noble-minded and generous with a good sense of humor. Those who fall under
the jurisdiction of the Elm detest being labeled...even if that label be a flattering one.
Symbols
Gemstone: Rowan gemstone is the Peridot, also known as "Olivine," the "Evening Emerald" and, in ancient
times, called "Chrysolite." Its name derives from the Greek meaning "golden stone." It is a transparent gem
of a rich, bottle-green shade which contains a golden inner glow. One of the oldest known stones, it was
once mined only at night because legend stated that the Peridot could not be easily seen during the daylight
hours. It has been regarded as a gem of powerful magic by all ancient cultures. The Egyptians and
Babylonians used it as a protective amulet against evil and it was often used to decorate medieval churches.
Large Peridots (more than 200 carats in size) adorn the Shrine of the Three Magi at the Cologne Cathedral.
The Greeks used it in headbands in order to foretell the future and the Druids stitched Peridot into their robes
for protection. Said to possess the ability to drive away evil spirits, the power of the Peridot was considered
to be even more intense when set in gold and King Solomon is believed to have been made wise and
enlightened by drinking from cups made of Peridot. It is the only gemstone born in fire...the volcanic gem.
Flower: The flower of the Rowan is the Snowdrop, also known as the "Fair Maid of February," "Candlemas
Bells" and "Mary's Tapers," and referred to by old botanists as the "Bulbous Violet." Its botanical name
derives from two Greek words for "milk" and "flower" and it has long been associated with purity, being
described in poetry of classical Rome from the First Century A.D. as being "brought down from heaven."
Nevertheless, it is said to be unlucky to bring the flower into the house if a member of the family is ill. The
Snowdrop has been known for centuries throughout Europe and grows best in cool, moist soil, reaching six
to eight inches in height. Despite its beauty, the Snowdrop is often seen as an omen of death. One of the
legends associated with the origin of the Snowdrop states that after her expulsion from the Garden of Eden,
Eve sat weeping while an angel comforted her. Since the banishment, no flowers had bloomed...instead,
snow fell ceaselessly. As the angel spoke with Eve, he caught a snowflake in his hand, breathed upon it and
it fell to Earth as the first Snowdrop. The flower bloomed and Hope was thus born. According to German
legend, when God made all things on the Earth, he asked Snow to go to the flowers and obtain a little color
from each of them. One-by-one, the flowers refused. Extremely saddened, Snow asked a Snowdrop to give
a little of its color and the Snowdrop agreed. As a reward, Snow now allows the Snowdrop to bloom first
whenever Spring arrives. Snowdrops were originally transported to Europe from Turkey. Monks carried the
bulbs from Rome to England and were the first to plant them around old monasteries. Because of this, the
Snowdrop is sometimes known as the "Church Flower." Their presence in churchyards eventually generated
an unlucky reputation for the Snowdrop. Although commonly believed to be the first wildflower of the year,
the Winter Aconite is perhaps more worthy of the title. The Snowdrop is reputed to have digestive healing
properties.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Rowan is the planet Uranus ("Brigantia"). Known to
the Romans as Coelus ("Heaven"), Uranus was God of the Sky and father of the Titans.
Deity: The Rowan deity is Brigid, Celtic Goddess of Fertility and Poetry. Also known as "Brid" (among many
other aliases), Brigid's name comes from the old Irish word "brigh," which means "power" or "renown."
Daughter of the Dagda, Brigid was a major Celtic pastoral deity and one of the great Mother Goddesses of
Ireland. Her priestesses numbered nineteen, representing the nineteen-year cycle of the "Celtic Great Year."
As a Goddess, Brigid presided over many things...fire, fertility, the hearth, all feminine arts and crafts, as well
as healing, agriculture, learning, poetry, love, witchcraft and occult knowledge, to name but a few. Brigid
became Christianzed as Saint Brigit of Kildare, who is said to have lived from 450 AD to 523 AD, founding
the first female Christian monastery community in Ireland. In Irish mythology, Brigid is regarded as midwife to
the Virgin Mary, and has also been worshipped as a guardian of children and slayer of serpents. As Saint
Brigit or Saint Bride, she is one of Ireland's Patron Saints.
Animals:
The Crane - One late Celtic tradition (apparently originated after the arrival of Christianity) stated that Cranes
were people paying penance for wrong-doing. The Crane was associated with Lir, the Celtic Sea-God, who
made his bag from the skin of this bird. The Crane was also sacred to the Triple Goddess and sometimes
known as the "Moon Bird." It symbolized shamanic travel, the learning and keeping of secrets and the search
for deeper mysteries and truth.
The Green Dragon - The Dragon symbolized inspiration and imagination. It represented the supernatural
forces that guarded the great secrets and treasures of the universe. There are numerous references to
serpents or dragons in Celtic mythology. On many occasions, the Fianna fought huge dragons in lakes. One
likely center of the Serpent/Dragon was the sacred site of Kildare, under the protection of the Goddess Brigit.
Most cultures considered the Dragon as a benevolent dweller of caves, lakes and the Inner Earth. In ancient
times, it was a symbol of wealth and associated with the power of the Elements (particularly that of the
Earth), but also of the treasure of the subconscious mind. It often appeared in many varieties...as a water
serpent or worm-shaped beast, as well as the more well-known winged depiction.
January 21-January 24: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Elm, whose motto is "Noble Attitude." Elm individuals are usually pleasantly built and
are fond of tasteful clothes. Their demands are modest and they are practical by nature. There is a tendency
to be unforgiving of those who make mistakes, but they are otherwise cheerful. With a desire to lead, the
unconventional Elm individual dislikes being given orders, but does make for an honest and faithful partner.
With an inherent dislike of selfish people and those who "follow the pack," the ideals of Elm people lean
strongly toward justice and tolerance. Although Elm individuals are prone to make decisions on behalf of
others, they are nonetheless noble-minded and generous with a good sense of humor. Those who fall under
the jurisdiction of the Elm detest being labeled...even if that label be a flattering one.
January 25-February 3: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Cypress, whose motto is "Song of Resurrection" or "The Faithfulness." Cypress
individuals are strong, muscular and adaptable, taking what life has to offer. Content and optimistic, Cypress
people crave money and acknowledgement and hate to be lonely, although they are prone to pursue
independence. They are passionate individuals, with a love which is difficult to satisfy, but are nonetheless
faithful. Cypress individuals have a tendency to be quick-tempered, unruly, pedantic and careless. They
often possess a biting irony and a certain taste for sarcasm, acquired by virtue of their tendency to bravely
undergo the hardest of blows and thereby learn how to free themselves from the burdens of life.
February 4-February 8: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Poplar, whose motto is "Overcome Doubt" or "The Uncertainty." Poplar individuals have
a decorative appearance but tend lack self-confidence. They are prone to mature very quickly and assimilate
things equally as quickly. Displaying courage only when absolutely necessary and hostile only toward
extremists, the narrow-minded or hotheads, Poplar people prefer the goodwill of others and pleasant
surroundings. This individual can be somewhat choosy, is often lonely and may harbor great animosity
toward others. Artistic by nature, they are good organizers who lean toward philosophy. Reliable in almost
any given situation, Poplar people cherish their friends and surround them with love. They take partnerships
very seriously but are inclined to be generous only toward those who are generous in return. The life of a
Poplar individual is made of judicious transactions and all manner of exchanges. If the Poplar perceives a
warm and friendly atmosphere, then the heart and spirit opens...if not, then he or she will withdraw.
February 9-February 17: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Cedar, whose motto is "Moral Greatness" or "The Confidence." Cedar individuals are
often possessed of rare beauty. They know how to adapt, have a love of luxury and are usually blessed with
good health. Not in the least shy, Cedar people are prone to sometimes look down on others, they
themselves brimming with self-confidence. Determined and often impatient, Cedar individuals like to impress.
They have many talents, are industrious and possess a healthy optimism and inner strength. Alert and
usually thoughtful, the Cedar lives in enlightenment, responding to precise self-imposed requirements.
Neither success nor failure can erode the serenity or the determination of a Cedar individual. Otherwise able
to make quick decisions, Cedar people seem to constantly be waiting for their one true love.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Ash gemstone is Coral, also known as the "Forest of the Sea." It is formed from an animal
skeleton and thus, is not a true gemstone, but an ocean jewel. One of the most ancient of gem materials,
Coral has been used for adornment since prehistoric times. Coral inlays and ornaments have been found in
Celtic tombs from the Iron Age. Coral has a history of religious significance, being one of the seven treasures
in Buddhist scriptures while in China, it was said that the Altar of the Sun was fashioned from Red Coral. It is
said to possess the mystical property which builds an emotional foundation and was often used as a
powerful talisman to stop the flow of bleeding, afford protection from evil spirits and ward off hurricanes. In
Greek Mythology, when Perseus set the head of Medea on branches near the seashore, the blood which
dripped was gathered by the Sea Nymphs and planted in the Sea to grow into Coral. This stone is also
believed to protect children, cure madness and bestow wisdom upon those who wear it. Legend states that
an amulet of Coral will turn chalky-white when encountering sickness. Once holding a special value for
sailors and travelers, it was thought to possess the power of allowing the safe crossing of rivers and seas.
Through the ages, Coral has been used extensively as a cure for almost every ailment, from staunching
bleeding wounds to curing insanity.
Flower: The flower of the Ash is the Wood Anemone, a member of the Buttercup family. This flower is
sometimes referred to as the "Woodland Ghost" because it can often be found on sites which were once
covered by ancient woodlands. Blooms usually first appear in March, preferring wooded areas and meadows
and it is said that the Wood Anemone never blossoms earlier than March 16 and never later than April 22.
The Egyptians held the Anemone as the emblem of sickness and to the Chinese, it was the "Flower of
Death." According to one Greek legend, Anemos (the Wind) sent his namesakes, the Anemones, in the
earliest Spring days as the heralds of his coming...yet another states that the blooms sprang from the tears
of Aphrodite as she wandered the woodlands weeping for the death of Adonis. In Palestine, the Anemone
was thought to have grown beneath the cross of Jesus and for many years, the flower was believed to carry
diseases. In Europe it was once customary to hold one's breath while travelling through a field of Anemones,
the belief being that even the air which surrounded them would be poisonous. In ancient times, herbalists
would recommend application of various parts of the Anemone for headache, agues and rheumatic gout.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Ash is the planet Neptune ("Lir"), Roman Lord of the
Sea.
Deity: The Ash deity is Gwyddion, son of the Goddess Don. In Welsh Mythology, the Children of Don were
the deities who represented the Sky and the people of Cymru referred to the Milky Way as the "Castle of
Gwyddion." Magician, storyteller and trickster, Gwyddion was very wise, particularly in music magick, and
once rescued Llew (his nephew) by singing an enchantment. Often referred to as a "Master of Illusion,"
Gwyddion was a helper of humankind and a warrior against the greedy and small-minded. He supported the
cultural arts and learning, and attempted to stamp-out ignorance. For these endeavors, Gwyddion is
sometimes called the "Druid of the Gods." Gwyddion and his brothers fought in the Battle of the Trees to
ensure that the Dog, Deer and Lapwing which Gwyddion had taken from Annwn could remain on Earth. His
last foray into the Otherworld resulted in Pigs (sacred to many Goddesses) being brought to humankind.
Animals:
The Adder - The Adder was symbolic of wisdom and spiritual energy. Snakes have long been associated
with wisdom, reincarnation and cunning. Druids often carried an amulet called gloine nathair or serpent
glass, which they stated was formed from the egg of an Adder, but is thought today to have actually been
made of blown glass.
The Seagull or Common Tern - Although this sea bird does not figure in Celtic legend, it is connected
to Lir, the Sea-God and, like many other birds, was considered to be a messenger from the
Otherworlds.
The Sea Horse - An important figure in Celtic mythology, the Sea Horse often depicted significant
connections with the Otherworlds, as symbolized by the fish tail. It was believed that The Sea Horse invited
an individual to travel on a journey of discovery. It was also representative of confidence and grace. Many
Celtic cultures regarded this creature as a baby Dragon.
February 18: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Cedar,
whose motto is "Moral Greatness" or "The Confidence." Cedar individuals are often possessed of rare
beauty. They know how to adapt, have a love of luxury and are usually blessed with good health. Not in the
least shy, Cedar people are prone to sometimes look down on others, they themselves brimming with self-
confidence. Determined and often impatient, Cedar individuals like to impress. They have many talents, are
industrious and possess a healthy optimism and inner strength. Alert and usually thoughtful, the Cedar lives
in enlightenment, responding to precise self-imposed requirements. Neither success nor failure can erode
the serenity or the determination of a Cedar individual. Otherwise able to make quick decisions, Cedar
people seem to constantly be waiting for their one true love.
February 19-February 28/29: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Pine, whose motto is "Father of Wisdom" or "The Particular." Pine individuals are very
robust and active, and also tend to be cautious, provident and hard-working people. They are idealists, being
trustworthy and practical by nature. They love agreeable company and know how to make life comfortable
without being selfish...if Pine individuals have a benefit, it will almost always reflect on those around them.
They make for good companions, though not always overly-friendly to those they do not know. Pine people
fall in love easily, but with a passion which is prone to burn out quickly. They have a tendency to give up
without much struggle and may suffer many disappointments in life.
March 1-March 10: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Weeping Willow, whose motto is "Nothing Unknown" or "The Melancholy." Willow individuals are
extraordinarily attractive and very empathetic...but filled with melancholy. They adore anything beautiful and
tasteful and possess an inherent desire to travel. Both psychologically and intelluctually, Willows are flexible
and adaptable, blessed with a tolerance which allows them to identify with the most diverse of people.
Practical-minded, Willow individuals are able to remain calm during "hustle and bustle." Being restless and
capricious dreamers, Willow people are not always easy to live with, often demanding by nature. Honest with
good intuition, Willows nonetheless frequently suffer greatly in matters of the heart before they find an
anchoring partner.
March 11-March 17: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Lime (whose motto is "The Doubt") or the Linden (whose motto is "Protector of the Oak
Trees")...dependent upon the source. Lime individuals are said to be inclined to accept in a composed
fashion whatever life hands to them. They detest fighting, stress, laziness and idleness. Limes are relenting
people who will often make sacrifices for their friends. They possess many talents but lack the tenacity to
make those talents blossom. Lime people can be somewhat jealous and complaining by nature, but are very
loyal individuals. Linden individuals are said to love life. No matter how much such people may try to
convince themselves that everything is perfect, they cannot help but wonder why their ideas and dreams are
more beautiful than reality. Extremely imaginative, Linden people tend to look at the world through "rose-
colored glasses." This is an ideal that they are often able to convey to those around them who may then also
view life in a more beautiful manner.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Alder gemstone is the Ruby, a variety of the Corumdum family (basically aluminum oxide, of
which the Sapphire is also a member), which is next in hardness to the Diamond. A stone of glowing, brilliant
red, the Ruby was treasured throughout the Orient as the most precious of the gemstones. Rubies were
once given as offerings to Buddha in China and to Krishna in India. It was once believed that the Ruby would
change color and become darker when its owner was in danger or when an illness was imminent. It was also
thought that this stone could chase away the spirits of the dead and any evil phantom not contained within
Hell. The Ruby was once considered a powerful amulet, affording protection from disaster, plague and
pestilence and promoting a cheeful disposition upon its wearer. It was also formerly believed to overcome
depression and sorrow. In the form of a ring, this stone was said to bestow knowledge, health and wealth.
During the Tenth Century in China and Europe, dragons and snakes were carved into the surfaces of Rubies
to increase the flow of money and power to those who owned them. The finest Rubies are found in Burma
and Ceylon and have a prominent place in the Crown Jewels of almost every empire. The medicinal powers
of the Ruby were said to range from that of snake bite antidote to a curative for liver and heart ailments and
the gem was also highly-prized as a symbol of love, passion and friendship. It was also believed to
guarantee success in battle. To dream of Rubies was thought to bring success in trade for the businessman
and a bountiful harvest for the farmer.
Flower: The flower of the Alder is the Broom...a member of the order of Leguminosae, or pod-bearing tribe.
Its long, slender, erect and tough branches were often used in the making of brooms...hence its English
name. As a medicinal aid, the Broom (under the name "Genista") is mentioned in the earliest printed herbals,
especially of benefit in bladder and kidney afflictions. The bark of the Broom also yields an excellent and fine
fiber, which has been employed since ancient times in the manufacture of paper and cloth, while the twigs
and branches of this plant have often been used for thatching cottages and cornricks. As a heraldic device,
the Broom was adopted as the Badge of Brittany and Geoffrey of Anjou thrust it into his helmet at the
moment of entering battle in order that his troops might see and follow him. Legend states that the Broom
was cursed by the Virgin as she and Joseph fled into Egypt due to the cracking of its ripe pods, which they
touched in passing and which risked drawing the attention of Herod's soldiers to the fugitives.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Alder is the planet Mars ("Maurth"), named for the
Roman God of War who was the former God of Agriculture.
Deity: The Alder deity is Bran the Blessed, God of the Spirit World, Celtic Raven God and Welsh God of the
Underworld. He is also the God of Prophecy, The Arts, War and Writing, among others, and the patron of
bards, minstrels and musicians. Said to be colossal in size, Bran was so large than no house or ship could
contain him. A Master of the Isle of Britain, Bran set out with an army to avenge the ill-treatment of his sister
Branwen by her husband, King Matholwch of Ireland. Mortally wounded in the foot by a poisoned spear
during the battle, he instructed his followers to decapitate him and carry his head to London, where it was
buried under the White Mount (now the vicinity of the Tower of London) and set facing France...the chief
menace of invasion...in order to defend and protect the realm. It is said that King Arthur later had the head
exhumed and then reburied facing a different way, being loath to have the kingdom guarded by any other
than himself and his Knights of the Round Table. Some authorities believe Bran to be the root character of
the Fisher King mentioned in Arthurian romance and according to medieval christian writings, Bran is
credited with being the first British man.
Animals:
The Fox - The Fox symbolizes skill in diplomacy. It is a cunning and sly animal, possessed of the ability to
make fools out of those who chase it.
The Bear - Although not mentioned in Celtic legend, there is evidence that the Bear was a "totem animal" of
the Druids. The word "arth," which means "bear," is the root word for the name "Arthur." The Bear was noted
for its strength and stamina, symbolizing balance and harmony in life, and the fortitude to accomplish what is
necessary.
The Hunting Falcon or Hawk - Celtic tradition lists the oldest animal as the Hawk of Achill. As with many
other birds, the Hawk is a messenger of the various worlds. However, it is noted as being more skillful and
stronger than most others of its species. The Hawk symbolizes clear-sightedness and far-memory. To hear
the cry of a Hawk during a journey is an indication that it would be wise to be alert to upcoming situations
that require boldness and decisiveness in order to keep from being thrown off-balance. A noble bird that
brought the Sun within his feathers and enabled recollection with the ability to progress. Merlin was said to
have often transformed himself into a small Hawk...perhaps the reason why today, the smaller family
member of the Hawk is known as a Merlin. Two knights who sat at Arthur's Round Table carried the name of
the Hawk: Gwalchmai the "Hawk of May" and Gwalch-Y-Had the "Hawk of Summer," better known
respectively as Sir Gawain and Sir Galahad.
March 18-March 20: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Lime (whose motto is "The Doubt") or the Linden (whose motto is "Protector of the Oak
Trees")...dependent upon the source. Lime individuals are said to be inclined to accept in a composed
fashion whatever life hands to them. They detest fighting, stress, laziness and idleness. Limes are relenting
people who will often make sacrifices for their friends. They possess many talents but lack the tenacity to
make those talents blossom. Lime people can be somewhat jealous and complaining by nature, but are very
loyal individuals. Linden individuals are said to love life. No matter how much such people may try to
convince themselves that everything is perfect, they cannot help but wonder why their ideas and dreams are
more beautiful than reality. Extremely imaginative, Linden people tend to look at the world through "rose-
colored glasses." This is an ideal that they are often able to convey to those around them who may then also
view life in a more beautiful manner.
March 21: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Oak, whose
motto is "Symbol of Vital Strength" or "The Brave." Oak individuals are robust, courageous and strong by
nature. People of action who are often adverse to change, Oaks are unrelenting, independent and sensible.
Every opposition rouses the fighting spirit of Oak individuals, who possess extraordinary vigor and unfailing
endurance, fearing neither death nor the devil. Oak people are happily devoted characters...to family, to
neighbors, to a cause, to art...the list is almost endless. They possess a very high self-esteem, believing
themselves to be the tool of superior forces and refusing to be duped by pretentious human reason.
March 22-March 31: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Hazel, whose motto is "To Be The First" or "The Extraordinary." Hazel individuals are
charming, undemanding and often extremely understanding...they know how to make a good impression.
Hazels are also active fighters for social causes. They are akin to pioneers, but with a competitive mind
which can consume much of the Hazel energy. It is important that Hazels do not tire themselves out by trying
to remedy too many faulty situations. Being honest and tolerant, with a precise sense of judgment, they are
usually popular people, but can make for moody and capricious partners. Those born under the jurisdiction of
this tree are said to have been conceived during the shortest or longest nights of the year and the number 9
is said to be particularly lucky for such individuals.
April 1-April 10: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Rowan, also known as "The Service Tree," whose motto is "A Delight for Birds" or "The Sensitivity."
Rowan individuals are full of charm, cheerful and talented without being egotistical. They like to draw
attention and basically love life...even its complications. Somewhat restless, Rowans are both dependent
and independent. They constantly strive for approval from others and detest loneliness. Rowans possess
excellent taste, are artistic, passionate and emotional, with a burning desire to create a better and more
beautiful world. Rowan people make for good company but find it hard to forgive what they perceive to be
transgressions.
April 11-April 14: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Maple, whose motto is "Combative Angel" or "Independence of Mind." Maple individuals are far
from ordinary and never completely satisfied with standard replies. They admire those who clearly assert
themselves and rise eagerly to any challenge. Maple people are full of imagination and originality, inclined to
stand out in a crowd due to their willpower and sense of committment. Though appearing shy and somewhat
reserved, they are truly ambitious, proud and self-confident. Maples hunger for new experiences and have a
desire to impress. They enjoy what is unknown, strange and even hostile. The inherent Maple need for
independence often clashes with the need to be surrounded by a community. With a tendency to be nervous,
Maple people have many complexities. They possess excellent memories and easily learn new things. The
love relationships of Maple individuals tend to be complicated affairs.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Willow gemstone is the Moonstone (also known as Feldspar), an opalescent and
transparent gem which is sometimes said to resemble a raindrop. It can come in a variety of soft
sheens...including white, pink or yellow. Sometimes referred to as "Selenite," the Moonstone was used in
ancient times in various parts of the world as a lucky charm and some miraculous cures have been attributed
to the power of this stone. The Romans believed that the gem enclosed the image of Diana, their Moon
Goddess, who represented the "moonlight splendor of night." It was said to have the power of bestowing
wealth, victory and wisdom upon its wearer. The Druids suspended Moonstones from fruit trees to ensure a
good crop and believed the stone changed color according to the waxing and waning of the Moon. As a gift
for sweethearts, the Moonstone was thought to arouse tender affection and, if placed within the mouth at the
Full Moon, was believed to grant the ability of foretelling both good or ill fortune.
Flower: The flower of the Willow is the Primrose. It was highly-prized by the Druids and its abundance in
woods, hedgerows and pastures made it an easily-collectible plant. The Primrose is in full flower during April
and May and, in sheltered areas during mild Winters, may even be found in blossom during the opening days
of the year. Primroses were often carried by the Druids during certain rituals as a protection from evil. The
fragrant oil of the flower was also used by the Druids to annoint their bodies prior to specific rites in order that
they might be cleansed and purified. The medicinal properties of the Primrose were believed to ease
muscular rheumatism, cure insomnia and also aid in the healing of some forms of paralysis. An infusion of
the flowers was recommended by some herbalists in order to make Primrose tea. If consumed during the
month May, this tea was thought to cure "phrensie" or nervous hysteria. The Primose was once thought to
fall under the jurisdiction of the Roman Goddess, Venus, and its leaves most beneficial as a fine salve to
heal wounds. In ancient culinary arts, Primrose flowers were the chief ingredient of "Primrose Pottage" and
its ground blooms were also used in a dish containing rice, almonds, honey and saffron. Its leaves are said
to be consumed voraciously by the common silkworm.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Willow is the Moon ("Llun"), which traditionally
represents the mother figure and is associated with the maternal nature. It is also linked to the unconscious
mind. The Moon has always been considered a symbol of illusion for it is constantly changing and dissolving.
The Realm of Dreams is considered to fall under the jurisdication of the Moon but also relates to the residue
of memory.
Deity: The Willow deity is Cerridwen the Moon Goddess, also known as the Great Mother, Grain Goddess
and Goddess of Nature. Cerridwen was the wife of Tegid the Giant and the mother of three children: a
beautiful girl named Creirwy and two ugly boys, Avagdu and Movran. The ancient Welsh Bards called
themselves Cerddorion or "Sons of Cerridwen." The Bard Taliesin was said to have been born of Cerridwen
and to have tasted a potent brew from her magic cauldron of inspiration. This potion, known as "greal," is
believed to be the origin of the word "Grail." Cerridwen was associated with death, fertility, regeneration,
inspiration, magic, astrology, herbs, science, poetry, spells and knowledge. Her symbol was a white sow.
She was said to also be the Goddess of dark prophetic powers and was believed to be the Keeper of the
Cauldron of Underworld in which inspiration and divine knowledge are brewed. Cerridwen is often equated
with Hecate, the crone of Greek mythology and also to the Greek Muses, but in a more violent and dark
form.
Also associated with the Willow is Morgan le Fay, a formidable lunar sorceress and half-sister to King Arthur.
It was the power of Morgan le Fay, working against Arthur behind the scenes, which eventually destroyed the
unity of the Order of the Knights of the Round Table. The motivation behind her actions was revenge for the
death of her father who had been treacherously killed by Uther Pendragon, the father of Arthur. In Celtic lore,
Morgan le Fay symbolizes the darker forces of the psyche, which require great understanding and
recognition.
Animals:
The Adder - The Adder is symbolic of wisdom and spiritual energy. Snakes have long been associated with
wisdom, reincarnation and cunning. Druids often carried an amulet called gloine nathair or serpent glass,
which they stated was formed from the egg of an Adder, but is thought today to have actually been made of
blown glass.
The Hare - The Hare was an animal particularly sacred to the Goddess Andraste. The movements of the
Hare were sometimes used for divination. It is said that Boadiccea used the Hare in such a fashion just
before her last battle with the Romans. Associated with transformation, the Hare is symbolic of adaptation,
hidden teachings and intuitive messages.
The Serpent or Sea-Serpent - In all ancient myths of creation, Serpents have been closely aligned with the
growth of humankind in spiritual terms. Legends of Serpents are usually associated with the aspect of
transformation found within the fire festivals of the Celts. The sacred Serpent is associated with the Goddess
aspect of the Moon...a passive but form-creating spirit.
April 15-April 20: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Maple, whose motto is "Combative Angel" or "Independence of Mind."
Maple individuals are far from ordinary and never completely satisfied with standard replies.
They admire those who clearly assert themselves and rise eagerly to any challenge. Maple
people are full of imagination and originality, inclined to stand out in a crowd due to their
willpower and sense of committment. Though appearing shy and somewhat reserved, they are
truly ambitious, proud and self-confident. Maples hunger for new experiences and have a desire
to impress. They enjoy what is unknown, strange and even hostile. The inherent Maple need for
independence often clashes with the need to be surrounded by a community. With a tendency
to be nervous, Maple people have many complexities. They possess excellent memories and
easily learn new things. The love relationships of Maple individuals tend to be complicated
affairs.
April 21-April 30: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Walnut, whose motto is "Looking for a Homeland" or "The Passion." Walnut individuals are
unrelenting, considered somewhat strange by many and full of contrasts. Often egotistical, Walnuts are
aggressive and noble with a broad horizon. They are unexpected and sponteneous in their reactions with
little or no flexibility. Walnut people possess unlimited ambition and can make for difficult and uncommon
partners. Not always liked but often admired, the Walnut individual is an ingenious stategist, who is very
jealous and passionate by nature and rarely given to compromise. Walnuts will accept and endure a
multitude of troubles in order to satisfy the desire for pleasure. An uncompromising character, the Walnut
individual will undertake a project with inexhaustible perseverance and once in love, tends to love until
death.
May 1-May 12: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Poplar, whose motto is "Overcome Doubt" or "The Uncertainty." Poplar individuals have a
decorative appearance but tend lack self-confidence. They are prone to mature very quickly and assimilate
things equally as quickly. Displaying courage only when absolutely necessary and hostile only toward
extremists, the narrow-minded or hotheads, Poplar people prefer the goodwill of others and pleasant
surroundings. This individual can be somewhat choosy, is often lonely and may harbor great animosity
toward others. Artistic by nature, they are good organizers who lean toward philosophy. Reliable in almost
any given situation, Poplar people cherish their friends and surround them with love. They take partnerships
very seriously but are inclined to be generous only toward those who are generous in return. The life of a
Poplar individual is made of judicious transactions and all manner of exchanges. If the Poplar perceives a
warm and friendly atmosphere, then the heart and spirit opens...if not, then he or she will withdraw.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Hawthorn gemstone is the Topaz, a common, semi-precious, transparent gemstone that
has been used in jewelry making for centuries. It has a hardness just below the Diamond and the Ruby.
Valued since ancient times as a powerful healing agent, the Topaz is said to aid in affairs of the heart and
lend a gentle nature to its owner, as well as possessing magical and occult powers. The golden-brown to
yellow color is classic but often confused with the less valuable Citrine. The Blue Topaz (frequently confused
with Aquamarine) is rarely a natural stone, instead being produced by irradiating and then heating clear
crystals. The name may have derived from the Sanskrit word "tapas," which means "fire," but it is more likely
that its name originated from the Island of Topazos in the Red Sea where the gem was originally found.
("Topazios" means "to seek.") In ancient times, the figure of a Falcon was carved upon a Topaz in order to
ensure the goodwill of kings, princes and magnates. The Egyptians believed that the yellow (or tawny) Topaz
gleaned its golden glow from the mighty Sun God, Ra, which made it a very powerful amulet offering
protection from harm to the faithful. The Romans associated the Topaz with Jupiter, their own God of the
Sun. Legend states that the Topaz could dispel enchantment and improve eyesight, while the Greeks, who
called it the "Stone of Strength," believed it had the ability to increase stamina and bestow invisibility upon its
wearer in times of emergency. The gem was also thought to strengthen intellect, bestow courage and drive
away sadness. It has been called the "Stone of Fruitfulness, Faithfulness and Good Cheer." It was once
thought that the Topaz could change color in the presence of poisoned food or drink and its mystical
medicinal powers (which included curing asthma, hemorrhages and insomnia, among a multitude of other
ailments) waxed and waned with the phases of the Moon. Perhaps the most famous Topaz is a giant
specimen, first thought to be a Diamond, which is set in the Braganza Crown of Portugal.
Flower: The flower of the Hawthorn is the Wood Sorrel, a small perennial plant with heart-shaped, three-part
leaves (akin to those of the Shamrock or Clover) which often fold together. Thus, it is sometimes called the
"prayer plant" and may be the "true Shamrock" by which Saint Patrick demonstrated the Trinity to the Ancient
Irish. The white flowers are bell-shaped with a dash of blue. Despite its name, the plant is not related to
Sorrel but is closely related to the Geranium family. Wood Sorrel grows in moist, shady spots within
woodland areas or beside hedges, and flowers from mid to late Spring. Its medicinal qualities include
strengthening a weak stomach, staying vomiting and reduction of fever. The juice of the plant may be used
as a gargle for mouth ulcers and infusion of the leaves (somewhat sour in taste) used to make a lotion which
is beneficial for relief of skin infections. Excessive or prolonged administration of Wood Sorrel as a
medication, however, is not recommended and can be injurious if prescribed injudiciously. During the time of
King Henry VIII, the Wood Sorrel was held in great repute as a pot-herb and salad green. Its name probably
derived from the Old French surele and earlier from sur, which means "sour."
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Hawthorn is the planet Vulcan. Claimed to have been
observed by a French medical doctor and amateur astronomer named Lescarbault on March 26, 1859,
Vulcan may be the closest planet to the Sun, being nearer to that star than Mercury. In 1878, two American
astronomers claimed to have also seen Vulcan which, for the most part, would be lost in the glare of the Sun
given its position. However, since that time, the planet has not been observed and its actual existence
remains the subject of speculation. Vulcan was the lame Roman God of Smiths and Metal-Workers.
Deity: The Hawthorn deity is Govanna (also known as Govannan or Goibnui). Equated to the Roman God
Vulcan, Govanna was the Blacksmith God...custodian of celestial fire and higher powers of the mind. The
weapons made by Govanna were deadly in their aim and his armor unfailing in its protection. It was said that
those who drank from his sacred cup need never fear old age or infirmity. To the Irish Gaels, Govanna was
known as "Goibniu" or "Great Smith." In this capacity, he belonged to the triad of craftsmen with Luchtaine
the Write (God of Carpenters) and Credne the Brazier (God of Bronzesmiths). Goibniu forged all weapons for
the Tuatha De Danaan and his ale bestowed the Tuatha with invulnerability. He was also known as the
provider of the Fled Goibnenn, a sacred feast associated with brew-crafting and the designated God of
Jewelry-Making, Fire, Metalwork and, not surprisingly, the art of Brewing.
Also associated with the Hawthorn is the Summer Flower Maiden named Olwen (also known as Olwyn). A
daughter of the King of Giants, Ysbadadden Penkawr, her name means "the golden wheel." She was also
called the "Lady of the White Tracks" or "White Footprint" due to the legend that wherever she walked, the
trefoil plants commonly called Shamrocks would spring from the ground. The hero Culhwch (first cousin to
King Arthur) was one of Olwen's suitors. He engaged in a mythic journey to find Olwen's father, who knew he
was doomed if the marriage between Olwen and Culhwch took place. In this portion of the myth, Olwen
represents the May Queen...a partner to the new sacrificial God who usurps the old one. Olwen was also
said to have had adventures in faeryland after she was captured by horse-riding faeries. She was rescued by
her father after a year and a day of captivity. In lore, May Queens are often linked to the Kingdom of the Fae.
Animals:
The Bee - Usually mentioned in connection with honey and mead (which was made from honey), the Bee is
an industrious, single-minded creature when performing a task and fearless in defense of its home.
The Owl - These birds were most often associated with the Crone aspect of the Goddess. The word
"cailleach" in Scottish-Gaelic means "owl." Often a guide to and through the Underworld, the Owl is a
creature of keen sight in darkness, as well as being a swift and silent hunter. The Owl aids in unmasking
those who would deceive or take advantage. Being a symbol of wisdom and patience, Hawthorn individuals
need to be guided by the Owl since they are often short on patience and tend to engage in hasty actions
which can sabotage their best efforts.
The symbol of the Chalice is also associated with the Hawthorn, being representative of divine secrets and
everlasting life.
May 13-May 14: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Poplar, whose motto is "Overcome Doubt" or "The Uncertainty." Poplar individuals have a
decorative appearance but tend lack self-confidence. They are prone to mature very quickly and assimilate
things equally as quickly. Displaying courage only when absolutely necessary and hostile only toward
extremists, the narrow-minded or hotheads, Poplar people prefer the goodwill of others and pleasant
surroundings. This individual can be somewhat choosy, is often lonely and may harbor great animosity
toward others. Artistic by nature, they are good organizers who lean toward philosophy. Reliable in almost
any given situation, Poplar people cherish their friends and surround them with love. They take partnerships
very seriously but are inclined to be generous only toward those who are generous in return. The life of a
Poplar individual is made of judicious transactions and all manner of exchanges. If the Poplar perceives a
warm and friendly atmosphere, then the heart and spirit opens...if not, then he or she will withdraw.
May 15-May 24: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Chestnut, whose motto is "In Quest of the Truth" or "The Honesty." Chestnut individuals usually
possess unusual beauty and a tendency to be overly-critical of themselves. With no desire to impress and
with an inherent distaste for falsehoods, Chestnuts are blessed with a well-developed sense of justice. They
are vivacious by nature and very diplomatic, but tend to be sensitive in company and easily driven to
irritation...which can be indicative of a lack of self-confidence. Chestnut people will sometimes act superior
but basically feel as though they are misunderstood. They are prone to love only once in their lives and often
experience great difficulty in finding a partner.
May 25-June 3: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Ash, whose motto is "Always Aiming Higher" or "The Ambition." Ash individuals are uncommonly
attractive, vivacious, impulsive and demanding. They do not care for criticism, can be egosistic and love to
"play with fire." Ambitious, intelligent and talented, Ash people are prone to allow the brain to rule the head,
but they do take partnerships very seriously. It is important to an Ash individual that he or she maintain
personal identity, freedom and independence. Nonetheless, Ashes make for trustworthy mates who are
faithful, prudent and reliable. Ash people probably care more about the future than those born under any
other jurisdiction and are concerned about making progress. If they set themselves a target which requires
committment, then they are willing to give up many things in order to reach that goal. At the peak of glory,
Ash individuals often prove to possess a genuine greatness and they will undertake tremendous efforts in
order to help others.
June 4-June 9: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Hornbeam, whose motto is "Monument of Loyalty" or "The Good Taste." Hornbeam individuals
possess a cool beauty and exquisite taste. Although Hornbeams are concerned about their appearance,
they are far from egotistical. They like their reasonable and disciplined lives to be as comfortable as
possible. Hornbeam people look for kindess and acknowledgment in an emotional partner, though they are
seldom happy with their own personal feelings. They are prone to mistrust and are never sure about the
decisions they make, although they are the most conscientious characters. There is a tendency for
Hornbeams to shoulder the responsibility for mistakes of others, it being more important in their eyes to
promote tolerance and maintain harmony rather than respect rigid rules which demand a scapegoat.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Oak gemstone is the Diamond, a sparkling precious stone, white or blue in color, also
known as the "King of Crystals" and "Stone of Invulnerability." The Diamond is the hardest substance known
in nature. Traditionally, it is the symbol of purity and innocence and is considered luckiest when worn on the
left side of the body. It is a crystalline form of carbon and its name is derived from Ademas, which means
"indomitable." It represents strength, virtue, bravery and insight, bringing these fine attributes to its wearers.
The Hebrews believed that the Diamond lost its sparkle if touched or worn by a traitor and in ancient times, it
was thought to drive away the Devil. The Diamond is considered to be the greatest of all gem stones,
revered throughout the ages not only for its great beauty and strength, but also for its powerful positive
spiritual and physical influences. This stone is said to enhance the wearer with charm and beauty. Physically,
it strengthens the kidneys and reproductive organs and gives protection against severe disease. The ancient
Romans believed that the Diamond, when worn on the left side next to the skin, bestowed upon the wearer
bravery and daring. During the Middle Ages Queen Elizabeth I was made a gift of a Diamond to ward off the
plague and Napoleon carried a sword with a Diamond in the hilt to assure victory in battle. Ancient writings
tell of a Diamond which hung about the neck of Abraham which could cure the illness of any man who gazed
upon it. It is said that when Abraham died, the Lord sealed the gem within the Sun. Even today, the Diamond
engagement ring remains the accepted token of promised love and loyalty. It is thought that this tradition
may have begun in 1477 when Maximilian I of Austria presented a Diamond ring to Mary, daughter of the
Duke of Burgundy, as a bethrothal gift. To dream of Diamonds was once thought to be a sure sign of
success, wealth and happiness.
A history of tragedy and misfortune has often accompanied the more highly-prized examples of this gem.
Stones such as the Hope Diamond were so unfortunate and brought such ill-luck that the very mention of its
name once struck terror into peoples' hearts. However, the gem itself is not unlucky...the bad luck being
mainly brought about by the greed and lust with which humankind has fought and thieved and connived in
order to obtain such great wealth. A Diamond purchased out of greed, or one that is stolen or won from
another, will not bring good luck to the wearer...a Diamond given as a gift or which is representative as a
token of trust and affection between sweethearts can never bring ill-luck. According to legend, the Diamond
came into existence when the God of Mines called together all his noblemen and instructed them to bring
him one of every variety and color of gemstone in existence. Once he had received the collection, he
crushed them, forming one magnificent jewel of rare beauty, purity and indestructibility...the Diamond. The
Diamond is also known as the "King-Stone" (the Pearl being the "Queen-Stone").
Flower: The flower of the Oak is the Coltsfoot, also known as Hallfoot, Horsehoof, Foalsworth, Ass' Foot and
Coughwort, among others. This plant, a member of the Birthwort family, is a perennial weed, native to
Europe, North African and parts of Asia. It bears deep green leaves (resembling the shape of a horse's hoof)
and leaf stems which are distinctly purple in color. The top leaf surface is smooth and almost waxy in
appearance, while the underside is covered with white, wool-like hairs. The bright yellow flowers (similar to
Dandelions but slightly smaller) appear early in the Spring, prior to the emergence of any leaves. This plant
is unusual in that the flowers bloom and die before the appareance of any leaves, which earned Coltsfoot the
name of "son before the father" in earlier times. It can be seen in abundance throughout England, particularly
along the sides of railway banks and in wasteland areas and can grow in stiff soils, thriving equally as well in
wet ground as in dry locations. Before the introduction of matches, the felt-like covering of the plant, wrapped
in a rag and dipped in a solution of saltpetre, was considered to be an excellent tinder after being dried in the
sun. The name of the Coltsfoot is derived from Farfarus, an ancient name of the White Poplar, the leaves of
which bear some resemblance in form and color to those of the plant. The tufts of silky hairs which adorn the
seeds of the Coltsfoot are often used by Goldfinches to line their nests and legend states that in former days,
this material was often employed by the Highlanders to stuff mattresses and pillows. In gardens and
pastures, the Coltsfoot is considered a troublesome weed, very difficult to extirpate. In a medicinal sense, the
Coltsfoot has been used in cough remedies and as an aid in the relief of asthma and bronchitis. Indeed, its
botanical name, Tussilago, means "cough dispeller." The herb is now restricted in Australia and New
Zealand due to its alkaloid content which has been shown to cause liver damage in laboratory rats. In Paris,
Coltsfoot flowers were once painted as signs on the doorposts of apothecaries' shops and it is a favored food
of Guinea Pigs.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Oak is Jupiter ("Jovyn"), Roman Ruler of the Gods
and Defender of the State.
Deity: The Oak deity is Dagda, the Father of All Gods, also known as the "Good God" and the Irish Lord of
the Land. Ancient with grey hair, Dagda was grounded and simple in every way. He is usually depicted as
wearing a brown, low-necked tunic, a short hooded cloak and horse-hide boots with the hairy side outward.
Dagda possessed a cauldron known as the "Undry," which came from Murias...one of the four mythical cities
of the Tuatha De Danaan...and which provided food to all according to the merits of the individual. According
to legend, nobody ever left the "Undry" unsatisfied. Believed to be very fond of porridge, the Dagda was said
to consume large bowls of it. As "Lord of the Land," the Dagda was a valiant defender who performed great
deeds in the battle between his family, the Tuatha and the Fomors...native Gods of Ireland. He was said pull
after him a giant wheel on which rested his eight-pronged war club...a weapon so huge that it would take
eight mortal men to lift, while the wheel itself would leave a deep furrow in the ground. During times of peace,
the Dagda would play his living harp, also known as the "Oak of the Two Cities" or "Hand of Fourfold Music."
As he played, the music would cause the seasons to process in order...Spring to Summer...Summer to
Autumn...Autumn to Winter...and Winter again to Spring. The wife of the Dagda was Boann, Goddess of the
River Boyne, and their son, Angus mac Og, was the Irish God of Love. Eventually driven underground
following the conquest of Ireland by mortal humanity, the Dagda became the new King of the Tuatha De
Danaan. His final resting place is said to be a small barrow near the River Boyne. This barrow has never
been excavated.
Animals:
The Wren - Celtic King of the Birds, the Wren symbolized wit and sublety. Sacred to the Druids, the musical
notes of the cunning Wren were used for divination. As with many other birds, the Wren was considered to
be a messenger from the deities. Legend states that the Wren once competed with the other birds for
supremacy and answered the challenge of the Eagle to race toward the Sun. When the Eagle could fly no
higher, the Wren, which has been nestling within the Eagle's feathers jumped upon the back of the Eagle
and flew a few inches higher prior to proclaiming himself King of the Birds, and thus humiliating the Eagle.
The Wren fell under the particular protection of Taranis, Celtic God of Thunder.
The Otter - Considered by the Celts to be extremely magickal creatures, travelers were often aided in their
journeys by helpful Otters. It was believed to be strong protector who helped in the gaining of wisdom,
finding inner treasures or valuable talents. The Otter was associated with faithfulness and the power to
recover from any crisis. It symbolized the ability to enjoy rather than simply endure life.
The Hawk - Celtic tradition lists the oldest animal as the Hawk of Achill. As with many other
birds, the Hawk is a messenger of the various worlds. However, it is noted as being more skillful
and stronger than most others of its species. The Hawk symbolizes clear-sightedness and far-
memory. To hear the cry of a Hawk during a journey is an indication that it would be wise to be
alert to upcoming situations that require boldness and decisiveness in order to keep from being
thrown off-balance. A noble bird that brought the Sun within his feathers and enabled
recollection with the ability to progress. Merlin was said to have often transformed himself into a
small Hawk...perhaps the reason why today, the smaller family member of the Hawk is known
as a Merlin. Two knights who sat at Arthur's Round Table carried the name of the Hawk:
Gwalchmai the "Hawk of May" and Gwalch-Y-Had the "Hawk of Summer," better known
respectively as Sir Gawain and Sir Galahad.
The White Horse - A popular totem animal of the Celts, the Horse was considered to be a faithful guide to
the Otherworld. It symbolized stamina, endurance and faithfulness and was sacred to the Goddess Epona.
Even today, the White Horse is regarded as sacred and protected by gleaming brasses which ward off the
"evil eye." In Scotland, Kelpies would transform themselves into Horses in order to lure the traveler into their
realm. Although predominantly connected with Goddess figures, the Horse is also a solar creature which
suggests the finding of balance between the male and female. Both the Oak and the Holly were symbolic of
the Summer Solstice when the White Horse of the Oak became the Unicorn of the Holly in transformation.
June 10-June 13: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Hornbeam, whose motto is "Monument of Loyalty" or "The Good Taste." Hornbeam individuals
possess a cool beauty and exquisite taste. Although Hornbeams are concerned about their appearance,
they are far from egotistical. They like their reasonable and disciplined lives to be as comfortable as
possible. Hornbeam people look for kindess and acknowledgment in an emotional partner, though they are
seldom happy with their own personal feelings. They are prone to mistrust and are never sure about the
decisions they make, although they are the most conscientious characters. There is a tendency for
Hornbeams to shoulder the responsibility for mistakes of others, it being more important in their eyes to
promote tolerance and maintain harmony rather than respect rigid rules which demand a scapegoat.
June 14-June 23: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Fig, whose motto is "Soul of Kindess" or "The Sensibility." Fig individuals are very
strong, independent and somewhat self-willed. They love life, their family and animals but
cannot bear to be contradicted. Something of a social butterfly, Figs possess a good sense of
humor, practical talent and intelligence. However, there is a tendency toward idleness and
laziness. The sensitivity of Fig people can make them find life rather bitter, but they have the
necesssary strength to preserve a human susceptibility. Born on one of the shortest or longest
days of the year, it may be more difficult for Fig individuals to find the right balance between
spontaneity and reason...quietness and restlessness...sweetness and bitterness...than it is for
others. It is in the Fig nature to switch back-and-forth between the two sides of this flexible
personality, along with a tendency to exaggerate from time-to-time.
June 24: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Birch, whose
motto is "Light of the Initiates" or "The Inspiration." Birch individuals are vivacious, attractive, elegant and
friendly. They are unpretentious characters, modest with little ambition, who dislike anything in excess. With
a distaste for what they perceive to be vulgar, Birch people love life in nature and are calm individuals. While
not very passionate in character, Birches are nonetheless full of imagination and tend to create a content
atmosphere. They are helpful and devoted people but often experience personal disappointments. There is a
great tendency for the Birch individual to lapse into excessive tyranny or selfishness if he or she suffered any
type of abuse as a child.
June 25-July 4: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Apple, whose motto is "Fulfilled In Love." The Apple Tree is the tree of perfection, the love link that
unites nature with mankind, life with death and the beyond with the here and now. It is one of the seven
sacred Celtic trees. The Celtic calendar has only two fruit trees...one is the Apple and the other is the Fig.
Apple individuals are usually slight of build and blessed with an abundance of charm, appeal and attraction.
They exude a pleasant aura and are flirtatious, adventurous and sensitive. Always in love, Apple people
seek to be loved and make for faithful and tender partners. They are generous, stable and possessed with
scientific talents. A person who "lives for today," the Apple individual is a carefree philosopher endowed with
imagination who dreams about an untroubled life with no division. Apples are excellent mediators, their
moral tolerance being beyond reproach and they like to be in contact with people they can help, for by
helping others, they can often help themselves out of a bad patch.
July 5-July 7: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Fir, whose motto is "To Watch Over Every Birth" or "The Mysterious." Fir
individuals have extraordinary taste, dignity and sophistication. They love anything that is
beautiful, but tend to be somewhat moody and stubborn. Though somewhat egotistic, Fir
individuals nonetheless care deeply for those close to them. They are usually quite modest, very
ambitious, talented and industrious. Fir people tend to make many friends...and equally as many
foes...but are very reliable in character. Reserved about everything that affects them closely, Fir
individuals tend to take refuge beneath the facade of prosperity, with a paradoxical need to feel
free and protected at the same time.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Holly gemstone is the Red Carnelian, a translucent form of Chalcedony Quartz with a
uniform red, reddish-orange to reddish-brown color. Its hue comes from iron impurities in the quartz
structure. To change the color of a Carnelian from brownish to red, the stone may be left in sunlight. The
name of the gem is derived from the Latin word cornum which means "berry" or "cherry." In ancient times,
this stone was sometimes referred to as "Sardius" and in the Bible, it was the first stone designated for the
Breastplate of the High Priest. The most perfect forms of this gem are said to come from India, but it can be
found worldwide. The Carnelian has a long history of being a stone which offers protection from negative
emotions (such as anger, jealousy, envy and rage) to the wearer, as well as helping to remove sorrow. It was
worn by Mohammed, Napoleon I and Napolean III for this very reason. Traditionally carved into insignias, the
gem was once said to bring good fortune, protection and comfort. It is still worn in the Near East today for
luck. Medicinally, the Carnelian is believed to aid those suffering from asthma, to lower blood pressure, ease
menstrual cramps and arthritish. It is also thought to aid ailments of the kidneys, gall bladder and pancreas
while lowering fevers and stimulating the appetite. The Carnelian is believed to bring an awareness that love
is all one can offer and that offering love will bring many benefits in return. It is also thought to stimulate
analytical abilities and attention to detail, as well as awakening inherent talents. Said to help in the flow of
creative energies, the Carnelian is considered helpful to those in the arts and entertainment industry. The
Carnelian is also believed to help calm the fear of death, granting serenity and acceptance of the Great
Circle of Life.
Some of the oldest examples of human jewelry contained Carnelian. The greatest myths associated with the
Carnelian originate from Egyptian culture, where its power was so revered that it was one of three (the other
two being the Turquoise and the Lapis Lazuli) used most often in Egyptian jewelry. The Goddess Isis is said
to protect the dead with a Carnelian Amulet named "Thet." After being soaked in Aknhami flower water on a
Sycamore plinth and placed on the body of the deceased, Isis would grant the person protection from harm
while moving through the AfterLife. The gem also appears in Hebrew mythology...Aaron's breastplate
included a Carnelian stone. Buddhists in both China and India created amulets inlaid with Carnelian and
other semi-precious stones, ascribing to them powers of protection and employing them in many rituals. In
some parts of the Middle Eat, Carnelian is said to represent the Hebrew Tribe of Reuben and Phillip the
Apostle. To some Muslims, it is known as "The Mecca Stone," belief being that Allah would grant all the
desires of the wearers of the stone. One famous historical Carnelian was the octagonal-shaped seal worn by
Napoleon I, Napoleon III and the Prince Imperial. When the Prince was killed in South Africa by the Zulus,
the seal was taken from his body and has never been recovered.
Flower: The flower of the Holly is the Meadow-Sweet (also known as Bridewort, Queen of the Meadow,
Pride of the Meadow and Meadsweet), a late Summer flowering perennial plant with fern-like foliage and
delicate creamy-white flowers which blossom from June until almost September. It grows profusely along
streams, pond edges and wet meadowlands. The blossoms have a delightful sweet fragrance and make an
ideal base for pot pourri. It is one of the best known wild flowers and, together with the Water-Mint and
Vervain, was one of the three herbs held most sacred by the Druids. Medicinally, Meadow-Sweet is valuable
as an astringent and diuretic, frequently used in affections of the blood. However, it should not be taken by
persons sensitive to aspirin (salicylate). It is said to be particularly effective in the treatment of heartburn and
stomach ulcers, as well as an aid in the relief of sore joints and muscles. The name of the plant has its origin
not in the word "meadow," but in "mead-wort" due to the flowers of a similar species once being used to
flavor mead or honey-wine. The nectar of the Meadow-Sweet is a particular favorite of Bumblebees and
Spring Azure Butterfly caterpillars. White-tailed Deer often feed on the twigs. Its leaves were once used as a
tea and to make a tonic treatment for intestinal ailments. The plant itself was formerly strewn across the
floors of homes. Meadow-Sweet belongs to the genus Spiraea of the Rose family. In Celtic mythology,
Meadow-Sweet was used (together with Oak and Broom) by Gwydion and Math in the creation of
Bloddeuedd as a wife for Llew Llaw Gyffes, a story which is found in The Mabinogion.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Holly is the planet Earth ("Abred"), named for the
ancient Greek Earth Goddess, Gaea. She was called Terra Mater or "Earth Mother" by the Romans.
Deity: The Holly deity is Danu (also known as Dana or Anu), the Goddess after whom the Tuatha De
Danaan were named and the Mother Goddess of Irish mythology. Her divine children (which included the
Dagda, Dian Cecht, Ogma, Llyr and many others) were the Gods and Goddesses who ruled Ireland prior to
the arrival of the Milesians. Danu was also usually considered to be the equivalent of the Welsh Goddess,
Don. Despite her preeminent position, Danu remains a vague figure and does not otherwise play a prominent
part in either Irish or Welsh folklore, due to the possibility that monks from the Fifth Century onward greatly
underplayed the original role of this Goddess in their compilations. Danu is often associated with universal
wisdom, magic, the creation of the cosmos and world, the seasons, life-giving rain, the primordial essence of
nature and sacred groves, and nature's fertility and bounty. Danu was remembered in Celtic tradition on
Beltane (May 1) when worshippers carried torches up hills as part of a ritual that included the purification of
cattle and sheep and the blessing of the Earth for new crops. Danu's totem animal was the Mare, which
appears to equate her with the Gallo-Roman Goddess Epona and many other female Celtic deities. The
"Cult of Anu" was particularly associated with Munster and two hills in County Kerry are, even to this day, still
known as Da Chich Anann ("The Paps of Anu").
The Holly is also sacred to Lugh, Irish God of Medicine, and to Habondia, the Celtic Goddess of Abundance,
Plenty and Prosperity, who was demoted to a "mere witch" in medieval English folklore.
Animals:
The Cat - Many Celtic legends pictured the Cat as a ferocious and evil creature. However, that may have
been because Cats were untamed during the time of the Druids. It was a potent totem animal of several
clans and Caithness, named after the Clan of the Catti, is one example. In Irish lore, Finn mac Cumhail was
said to have fought a clan of "cat-headed" people...most probably Celts who wore cat skins on their helmets.
The Cat was thought to be a strong protector, especially when facing a confrontational situation.
The Unicorn - A mythic animal with the body of a white horse, the legs of an antelope and the tail of a lion
which sported a single horn upon its forhead, the Unicorn was a symbol of purity, strength and supreme
magickal power. It taught that every action is creation. Thus, every day should be made to count. It also
aided in understanding the relationship between physical and spiritual realities. In Celtic lore, the Unicorn
represented a Horse sporting a horn that resembled a Flaming Spear...another of the symbols associated
with the Holly. The symbol of the Flaming Spear was connected to the month of Tanist because the Celtic
"T" was shaped like a barbed spear. Both the Holly and the Oak were symbolic of the Summer Solstice when
the White Horse of the Oak became the Unicorn of the Holly in transformation.
July 8-July 14: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Fir, whose motto is "To Watch Over Every Birth" or "The Mysterious." Fir individuals have
extraordinary taste, dignity and sophistication. They love anything that is beautiful, but tend to be somewhat
moody and stubborn. Though somewhat egotistic, Fir individuals nonetheless care deeply for those close to
them. They are usually quite modest, very ambitious, talented and industrious. Fir people tend to make
many friends...and equally as many foes...but are very reliable in character. Reserved about everything that
affects them closely, Fir individuals tend to take refuge beneath the facade of prosperity, with a paradoxical
need to feel free and protected at the same time.
July 15-July 25: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Elm, whose motto is "Noble Attitude." Elm individuals are usually pleasantly built and are fond of
tasteful clothes. Their demands are modest and they are practical by nature. There is a tendency to be
unforgiving of those who make mistakes, but they are otherwise cheerful. With a desire to lead, the
unconventional Elm individual dislikes being given orders, but does make for an honest and faithful partner.
With an inherent dislike of selfish people and those who "follow the pack," the ideals of Elm people lean
strongly toward justice and tolerance. Although Elm individuals are prone to make decisions on behalf of
others, they are nonetheless noble-minded and generous with a good sense of humor. Those who fall under
the jurisdiction of the Elm detest being labeled...even if that label be a flattering one.
July 26-August 4: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Cypress, whose motto is "Song of Resurrection" or "The Faithfulness."
Cypress individuals are strong, muscular and adaptable, taking what life has to offer. Content
and optimistic, Cypress people crave money and acknowledgement and hate to be lonely,
although they are prone to pursue independence. They are passionate individuals, with a love
which is difficult to satisfy, but are nonetheless faithful. Cypress individuals have a tendency to
be quick-tempered, unruly, pedantic and careless. They often possess a biting irony and a
certain taste for sarcasm, acquired by virtue of their tendency to bravely undergo the hardest of
blows and thereby learn how to free themselves from the burdens of life.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Hazel gemstone is the Amethyst (sometimes known as "Rose d'France" or the "Stone of the
Seventh Ray"), a transparent stone and the most valuable (and probably best known) of the Quartz family.
Its color varies from pale lilac to a deep rich purple. Amethyst is found in many countries and has been used
in China for over 8,000 years. Thought to increase spirituality, it was a symbol of sincerity, security and
peace of mind. Accoridng to ancient belief, wearing Amethyst or drinking from an Amethyst chalice would
prevent intoxication. Its name is derived from the Greek Amethustos, which means "not drunken." According
to Roman myth, Bacchus, God of Wine, created this gem. In order to avenge an insult he suffered at the
hands of a mortal, he had vowed to have a Tiger devour the next mortal to cross his path, which happened to
be a beautiful young maiden named Amethyst. The maiden cried out to the Goddess Diana to save her and
was transformed into brilliant white crystal. When Bacchus saw what he had done, he was filled with
remorse. Pouring wine over the stone maiden, he turned the color to a lovely violet. However, he left the feet
and legs of the maiden colorless...which is said to be the reason why Amethyst crystals are usually uneven
in color and have a colorless base at the bottom. In its deep purple variety, the Amethyst is symbolic of
royalty and is featured in the British Crown Jewels as well as being a favored gem of Catherine the Great. In
Judeo-Christian tradition, it was one of the stones in the breastplate of the High Priest and has long been
considered the stone of Bishops, since a ring with an Amethyst setting is worn by all Bishops of the Catholic
Church to symbolize their moral victory over all worldly indulgences. It is sacred to Buddha and prayer beads
are ofted fashioned from the stone. When heated to 550-560 C, the color of the Amethyst changes to a dark
yellow or reddish-brown. It is then known as a Citrine. If exposed to strong sunlight for any great length of
time, an Amethyst will lighten in color. The Amethyst is said to promote pleasant dreams, improve memory
and provide immunity to poison (when placed under the pillow). The wearers of an Amethyst are said to
become gentle and amiable people and it remains one of the world's most popular gems. Tradition dictates
that it should be set in gold or silver for the strongest effect.
Flower: The flower of the Hazel is the Vervain, also known as "Enchanter's Plant," "Herb of the Cross,"
"Juno's Tears," "Dragon's Claw," "Columbine" and "Pigeonweed," among others. Its name is derived from the
Celtic ferfaen, meaning "to drive away a stone." Ancient priests used Vervain in sacrificial rites and it was
also used extensively by Druid magicians and sorcerers. Vervain is a perennial herb native to the
Mediterranean region with a woody stalk and several stiffly-erect stems. It flourishes best in waysides and
waste areas. Its flowers come in a variety of colors...white, pink, purple, scarlet, blue and lavender...and grow
in slender spikes, blooming from June to October. The European Vervain was sacred to the Greeks and
Romans, as well as to the Druids. It is associated in Christian tradition with the Crucifixion, being believed to
have staunched the blood of Jesus Christ while on the cross and is said to have first been found on the
Mount of Calvary. Because of this association, it was thought to have been an effective charm against incubi,
demons and evil spells. Its bright flowers were once belived to be an indication that the plant could cure eye
problems. The Vervain was formerly used for many medicinal purposes...as an astringent and diuretic...as
well as being employed for relief of whooping cough, dropsy, jaundice and problems associated with the
kidneys and the liver. An infusion or decoction was said to help heal wounds and it was once thought to be a
powerful aphrodisiac which could secure the favor of ladies. Until relatively recently, it was hung around the
necks of children to avert infection.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Hazel is the planet Mercury ("Mugher"), named for
the Messenger of the Roman Gods.
Deity: The Hazel deity is Oghma (also known as Ogma), son of Boann and The Dagda. The God of
Communication and Writing, as well as Literature and Eloquence, Oghma is said to have invented the
Ogham Alphabet and made a gift of it to the Druids. He is often considered the Patron Deity of Poets.
Oghma was also the champion or designated warrior representative of the Tuatha De Danaan and fought
with Llugh against the Fomorians (ancient Irish Sea Gods). In myth, he assumed the role of helping to escort
the recently-dead to the OtherWorld. Credited with more personality than many of the old Irish deities,
Oghma was given two nicknames. The first was "Cermait" which means "honey-mouthed" and is related to
the Irish gift of the gab also known as blarney. The other was "Grianainech," which means "the sunny-faced,"
believed to come from Oghma's great wisdom. Oghma was married to Etan, daughter of Diancecht the Irish
God of Medicine, and three of his sons eventually became co-rulers of the Tuatha. In the final battle at Mag
Tuireadh, Oghma managed to wrestle the sword from the King of the Fomorians, but was obliged to pay for
this mighty accomplishment with his life. He is often equated with Heracles, Greek hero and son of Zeus.
The Hazel is also sacred to Manannan mac Lir, a chameleon-like Sea-God who was a shape-shifer and
master of disguise. Son of the Sea-God Llyr, Manannan dressed in a green cloak and wore a gold
headband. The Isle of Arran (also known as the "Land of Promise") in the Firth of Clyde and the Isle of Man
(which was so named in Manannan's honor) once fell under his particular protection. His palace at Arran
(called Emhain of the Apple Trees) housed Manannan's swine which constantly renewed themselves and
were the chief food of the Tuatha De Danann, preventing them from aging. Manannan possessed many
famous weapons, as well as a self-propelled ship and magickal armor which staved off wounds and had the
power to make the Tuatha invisible. Manannan was not a popular God until the Celts (chiefly a herding
people) took to the sea. There are many legends associated with Manannan in mythology (several of which
are contradictory). It is believed that Manannan was the one who decreed that the world of faery and world of
humans should forever remain separated when Fand, one of his many wives, fell in love with Cuchulain the
Hero of Ulster.
Animals:
The Stalking Crane - At one time, the Crane was a common animal in the British Isles. According to one
late Celtic tradition (apparently originated after the arrival of Christianity), Cranes were people paying a
penance for wrong-doing. The Crane was associated with the Cailleach and Manannan mac Lir, who made
his crane bag from the skin of this bird. The Crane, with its colors of black, white and red, was a bird of the
Moon and sacred to the Triple Goddess. It symbolized magick, shaminic travel, learning and the keeping of
secrets, as well as being associated with deep mysteries and truths.
The Rainbow Salmon - Considered by the Celts to be the one of the most ancient and most wise of
animals, the Salmon symbolized inspiration. In Irish myth, Salmon swam in the River Boyne under the
overhanging Hazel tree from which the nine nuts of poetic wisdom fell. These nuts were consumed by the
Salmon who absorbed the inspiration encapsulated therein. The Salmon were then eaten by Fionn mac
Cumhal who subsequently acquired the knowledge of all things and later became leader of the Fianna, an
Irish warband of immense strength. According to Celtic legend, Fintan the "White Ancient" was able to
assume the form of animals, one of which was the Salmon. Salmon would also be the animals which would
lead Gwrhyr to the Mabon and eventually toward wisdom and rebirth.
August 5-August 13: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence
of a secondary tree...the Poplar, whose motto is "Overcome Doubt" or "The Uncertainty." Poplar
individuals have a decorative appearance but tend lack self-confidence. They are prone to
mature very quickly and assimilate things equally as quickly. Displaying courage only when
absolutely necessary and hostile only toward extremists, the narrow-minded or hotheads,
Poplar people prefer the goodwill of others and pleasant surroundings. This individual can be
somewhat choosy, is often lonely and may harbor great animosity toward others. Artistic by
nature, they are good organizers who lean toward philosophy. Reliable in almost any given
situation, Poplar people cherish their friends and surround them with love. They take
partnerships very seriously but are inclined to be generous only toward those who are generous
in return. The life of a Poplar individual is made of judicious transactions and all manner of
exchanges. If the Poplar perceives a warm and friendly atmosphere, then the heart and spirit
opens...if not, then he or she will withdraw.
August 14-August 23: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Cedar, whose motto is "Moral Greatness" or "The Confidence." Cedar individuals are
often possessed of rare beauty. They know how to adapt, have a love of luxury and are usually blessed with
good health. Not in the least shy, Cedar people are prone to sometimes look down on others, they
themselves brimming with self-confidence. Determined and often impatient, Cedar individuals like to impress.
They have many talents, are industrious and possess a healthy optimism and inner strength. Alert and
usually thoughtful, the Cedar lives in enlightenment, responding to precise self-imposed requirements.
Neither success nor failure can erode the serenity or the determination of a Cedar individual. Otherwise able
to make quick decisions, Cedar people seem to constantly be waiting for their one true love.
August 24-September 1: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Pine, whose motto is "Father of Wisdom" or "The Particular." Pine individuals are very
robust and active, and also tend to be cautious, provident and hard-working people. They are idealists, being
trustworthy and practical by nature. They love agreeable company and know how to make life comfortable
without being selfish...if Pine individuals have a benefit, it will almost always reflect on those around them.
They make for good companions, though not always overly-friendly to those they do not know. Pine people
fall in love easily, but with a passion which is prone to burn out quickly. They have a tendency to give up
without much struggle and may suffer many disappointments in life.
Some Famous Vine People: Queen Elizabeth I, Greta Garbo, Stephen King, Heather Locklear, Gwyneth
Paltrow, Adam Sandler and Will Smith
Symbols
Gemstone: The Vine gemstone is the Emerald, a sparkling-green precious stone of the Beryl group, its color
caused by small amounts of chromium and enhanced by traces of iron. One of the most expensive jewels,
the Emerald is, in some instances, more valued than the Diamond, with the highest quality stones being a
transparent grass-green. The first Emeralds came from the Egyptian desert near the Red Sea and it is
believed that Cleopatra made gifts of this gem to her favorite ambassadors...while Julius Caesar collected
Emeralds for their great curative powers. The Emerald is a symbol of constancy and true affection, as well as
signifying immortality and faith. It was once believed that serpents would be blinded if they looked upon an
Emerald, while the Incas and the Aztecs worshipped it as a sacred stone. Its name is derived from the Greek
word Smaragdos, which means "green stone" and it was highly prized by the Ancients as the gemstone of
love and rebirth. It is said to give its owner the gift of eloquence.
Many ancient races considered the Emerald as a stone of the Gods. The Mohammedians also thought it
possessed godly powers and a rough Emerald inscribed with a verse of the Koran was a talisman of
immortality. A highly-polished Emerald was once believed to have the power of restoring failing eyesight and
Nero, while watching the gladiators in the arena, would use an Emerald to lengthen his vision. It was formerly
used in the treatment of inflamed eyes...made into a lotion by being steeped in water or sometimes crushed
and powdered first. In Greek mythology, Hermes composed a tablet carved from a giant Emerald as a gift for
Aphrodite. It was one of the sacred stones used in the Breastplate of the High Priest and, in the Book of
Revelations, Emerald is said to compose the throne of God. The Holy Grail is reputed to have been carved
from a huge Emerald which fell from Satan's crown upon his banishment from Heaven and it has also been
suggested that Jesus Christ used an Emerald bowl at the Last Supper. In Hebrew lore, Emeralds were one
of the four precious stones given to Solomon. Legend states that if an Emerald is given by one lover to
another, it will pale and grow dull when the love between them fades.
Flower: The flower of the Vine is the Valerian, also known as the common or garden Heliotrope and often
referred to in modern times as an "herbal valium." Its other aliases include "Phew" (due to its rather offensive
odor), "All-Heal," "Stink Root" and "Capon's Tail." Its name derives from the Latin valere which means "to be
well." Extracts from the root system of the Valerian have been used for centuries in order to help people
relax and get to sleep. Traditionally, extracts from the root have been used as a sedative to aid in the relief of
insomnia, anxiety and some types of pain and nervous conditions. It has an opposite effect on felines (and
rats), causing drunk or wild behavior similar to the effects of Catnip. Valerian thrives best in wet soil and may
be found growing along marshy thickets, ditches or streams. It is a hardy perennial, sometimes reaching as
high as five feet, with a single stem which is covered with hairs. The flower clusters (which range in color
from white to pale pink, blue or lavender) bloom in umbrella-like formation from June to September and the
medicinal root is best harvested in the Fall. According to early German folklore, the Pied Piper of Hamlin
charmed both rats and children with the hypnotic Valerian root in addition to his entrancing music. In the
Middle Ages, Valerian root was used as a spice and even as a perfume, in addition to being a medicine, and
during the Second World War, shell-shock and "bombing neurosis" were treated with Valerian.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Vine is the planet Venus ("Gwena"), named for the
Roman Goddess of Love, Beauty, Springtime and Flowers.
Deity: The Vine deity is Branwen, also known as "Fair Bosom," sister of Bran the Blessed and wife of the
Irish King Mathowch. Branwen was the daughter of Llyr, Lord of the Sea and literary ancestor of
Shakespeare's King Lear. Otherwise called "Venus of the Northern Seas," Branwen was one of the three
matriarchs of Britain and the Welsh Goddess of Love, Sexuality and the Sea. Not surprisingly, she is often
equated with the Greek Goddess Aphrodite. Branwen encompassed the doom of both the Irish and the
Britons when her brother Bran invaded Ireland in order to rescue her from the degradation she experienced
at the hands of a vengeful court. Branwen is said to have died of a broken heart during the war between
Wales and England, which began with an insult delivered at Branwen's wedding feast which Branwen
believed had been her fault. The insult had, in fact, been the deliberate act of Evnissyn, a jealous courtier
who thrived on malicious mischief.
The Vine is also sacred to Etain, wife of Midir, Irish Lord of the UnderWorld, and to the Tuatha De Danaan,
Gods of Light and Goodness.
Animals:
The Lizard - One of the few reptiles recognized as being helpful to the shaman, the Lizard symbolized the
shadowy plane of manifestation where events were constantly changing in shape and pattern. It was
believed that to see a Lizard during a journey warned travelers to be alert to all below-the-surface activities
which might be taking place around them.
The Hound - Always held in high esteem as a friend and protector, this loyal animal which offers guidance,
is also known as the "Fearsome Battle Hound" and features in many Celtic myths. The Ogham poem "Cad
Goddeu" was said to have been recorded in part by the Whelp, a name which refers to the Dog or Hound.
The UnderWorld Hounds, such as the Welsh Cwn Annwn which belonged to Arawn, were always portrayed
as being white with red ears. It was the job of the UnderWorld Hounds to run down and punish the guilty. In
general, Hounds were representative of tracking skills, the ability to scent a trail and companionship.
The White Swan - A symbol of grace and beauty, representing the radiant divinity of the Gods who were
believed to retreat to their underground citadels during the Autumn Equinox. The White Swan is also
associated with the White Ghost or the White Phantom known as Gwenhwyvar. To the Celts, the Autumn
Equinox was a time when the light eventually relinquished its hold to the darkness, representative of balance
between the mundane and the supernatural...the mortal and the immortal. A mystical bird who figures in
several Celtic folktales, the feathers of Swans were often used in the ritual cloaks of the Bards. Connected
chiefly with music and song, the Swan also aided in the interpretation of dream symbols, transitions and
spiritual evolution.
September 2: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Pine,
whose motto is "Father of Wisdom" or "The Particular." Pine individuals are very robust and active, and also
tend to be cautious, provident and hard-working people. They are idealists, being trustworthy and practical
by nature. They love agreeable company and know how to make life comfortable without being selfish...if
Pine individuals have a benefit, it will almost always reflect on those around them. They make for good
companions, though not always overly-friendly to those they do not know. Pine people fall in love easily, but
with a passion which is prone to burn out quickly. They have a tendency to give up without much struggle
and may suffer many disappointments in life.
September 3-September 12: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Weeping Willow, whose motto is "Nothing Unknown" or "The Melancholy." Willow
individuals are extraordinarily attractive and very empathetic...but filled with melancholy. They adore anything
beautiful and tasteful and possess an inherent desire to travel. Both psychologically and intelluctually,
Willows are flexible and adaptable, blessed with a tolerance which allows them to identify with the most
diverse of people. Practical-minded, Willow individuals are able to remain calm during "hustle and bustle."
Being restless and capricious dreamers, Willow people are not always easy to live with, often demanding by
nature. Honest with good intuition, Willows nonetheless frequently suffer greatly in matters of the heart
before they find an anchoring partner.
September 13-September 22: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Lime (whose motto is "The Doubt") or the Linden (whose motto is "Protector of the Oak
Trees")...dependent upon the source. Lime individuals are said to be inclined to accept in a composed
fashion whatever life hands to them. They detest fighting, stress, laziness and idleness. Limes are relenting
people who will often make sacrifices for their friends. They possess many talents but lack the tenacity to
make those talents blossom. Lime people can be somewhat jealous and complaining by nature, but are very
loyal individuals. Linden individuals are said to love life. No matter how much such people may try to
convince themselves that everything is perfect, they cannot help but wonder why their ideas and dreams are
more beautiful than reality. Extremely imaginative, Linden people tend to look at the world through "rose-
colored glasses." This is an ideal that they are often able to convey to those around them who may then also
view life in a more beautiful manner.
September 23: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Olive,
whose motto is "Friend of Wisdom." Olive individuals love the Sun, warmth and kind feelings. They are
reasonable, well-balanced individuals who tend to avoid aggression and violence. Tolerant and cheeful
characters, Olives possess a sense of justice and are calm, sensitive people who are empathetic, free from
jealousy and strive to ensure that harmony prevails. Olive individuals love to read and enjoy the company of
sophisticated people. However, the accommodating attitude of Olive people can jeopardize them in a cruel
world and they are liable to easily follow any current fashion.
September 24-September 29: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Hazel, whose motto is "To Be The First" or "The Extraordinary." Hazel individuals are
charming, undemanding and often extremely understanding...they know how to make a good impression.
Hazels are also active fighters for social causes. They are akin to pioneers, but with a competitive mind
which can consume much of the Hazel energy. It is important that Hazels do not tire themselves out by trying
to remedy too many faulty situations. Being honest and tolerant, with a precise sense of judgment, they are
usually popular people, but can make for moody and capricious partners. Those born under the jurisdiction of
this tree are said to have been conceived during the shortest or longest nights of the year and the number 9
is said to be particularly lucky for such individuals.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Ivy gemstone is the semi-precious Opal, also known as the "Queen of Gems" and "Gem of
Hope." A member of the Quartz family with a very high water content, it is a brittle, heat-sensitive, silicon
oxide stone which often shatters or cracks when it is cut or polished. If given as a lucky or love stone, such
shattering was once considered to be a sign of extreme bad fortune. The flashes of color come from natural
silica spheres which create light interference. Due to its delicate nature, Opals are usually worn only as
pendants and earrings. The modern name of the gem is derived from three ancient sources: the Sanskrit
upala (which means "precious stone"); the Latin opalus; and the Greek opallios (which means "to see a color
change"). It is unique in the world of jewels, having little color of its own, yet shining with the radiance of all
the other gems. In the Nineteenth Century, the Opal became to be considered a stone of bad
luck...especially if worn by those not born in the month of October. The only exception to this was the Black
Opal, which has always been believed to bring its owner good fortune. The origin of the unlucky superstition
is unknown. Early races credited the Opal with magical qualities and traditionally, the Opal was said to aid its
wearer in seeing possibilities. It was believed to clarify by amplifying and mirroring feelings, buried emotions
and desires. It was also thought to lessen inhibitions and promote spontaneity.
The Opal is an historically treasured gem and 6,000 year old Opal artifacts have been found in Kenyan
caves. However, most are believed to be approximately 60 million years old (or more) and generally date
back to the Cretaceous period when dinosaurs roamed the earth. The early Greeks believed the Opal
bestowed powers of foresight and prophecy upon its owner while in Arabian folklore, it is said that the stone
fell from heaven in flashes of lightning. To the Romans, it was considered to be a token of hope and purity.
Legend states that one Roman Emperor offered to trade one-third of his vast kingdom for a single Opal and
that the Roman Senator Nonius chose exile rather than surrender a large Opal to Marc Antony. It has been
said that the beauty of the Opal is the combination of the beauty of all other gems. In the Middle Ages, the
Opal was known as the "eye stone" due to a belief that it was beneficial to eyesight and blonde women were
known to wear necklaces of Opal in order to protect their hair from losing its color. Some cultures thought the
effect of the Opal on sight could render the wearer invisible. Needless to say, it was thus a popular item
among thieves. Opals were set into the crown jewels of France and Napoleon gave Josephine a beautiful
example of this stone containing brilliant red flashes which was called "The Burning of Troy." It was a favored
gem of Queen Victoria who often gave them as wedding presents. The Opal is the Patron Stone of actors
and performers.
Flower: The flower of the Ivy is the Woody Nightshade, a vine-like plant also known as Bittersweet,
Felonwort (meaning "The Felon's Plant"), Scarlet Berry, Violet Bloom, Mad Dog's Berries, Blue Aversion and
Blue Hate. It belongs to the Solanaceae, an immense family of plants which includes Belladonna, Hensbane,
Potato, Tomato, Peppers and Tobacco. Its generic name Solanum is derived from Solor which means "I
ease." The leaves of the Woody Nightshade bear a certain resemblance to those of the Belladonna, being
purple...but its berries are red instead of black (as are those of the Belladonna). This perennial, shrubby plant
with its woody base is native to Europe and Asia, being commonly found in almost every English hedgerow.
The flowers, usually bluish-purple in color, bloom all Summer in loose, drooping clusters on short stalks. The
plant was so named by the ancient herbalists in order to distinguish it from the Deadly Nightshade.
Shepherds once hung Woody Nighshade around the necks of their flocks as a charm against the "evil eye"
and a necklace of its berries was found in the tomb of Tutenkahmun, the Boy-King. Tradition dictated that if
placed on the body, Woody Nightshade would dispel the memories of old loves and former sweethearts.
There are few ailments for which Woody Nighshade has not been recommended at one time or another,
including a remedy for rheumatism, fever and inflammatory diseases of every nature. To a certain degree, its
berries have proven to be poisonous to children but seem to be thoroughly enjoyed by birds with no ill
effects.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Ivy is the "Moon Veiling Persephone" or the planet
Persephone itself, which is believed by some astronomers to exist just beyond Pluto. In Greek mythology,
Persephone was the wife of Hades, Lord of the UnderWorld.
Deity: The Ivy deity is Arianrhod whose name means "Silver Circle." She is also known as "Star Goddess,"
"Full Moon Goddess" and "Virgin Goddess of Reincarnation," among others. Her palace was called "Caer
Arianrhod," otherwise known as the Aurora Borealis. She was Keeper of the Silver Wheel of Stars...a symbol
of time and/or karma. This wheel was also known as the "Oar Wheel," a ship which carried dead warriors to
Emania, the Moon Land. Arianrhod is sometime depicted as a weaver, linking her to lost myths of creation
and magickal practices. Daughter of the great Welsh Goddess Don, Arianrhod is said to be useful in helping
females find their own feminine power.
A second deity associated with the Ivy is Rhiannon, the "Great Queen" who was Goddess of Birds and
Horses, as well as Enchantments, Fertility and the UnderWorld. Unjustly accused of destroying her newborn
son (who had been kidnapped by a nameless Fiend), Rhiannon is compelled to assume the shape of a
Horse until her son is unexpectedly returned to her. In her role as a Death Goddess, Rhiannon would sing
sweetly enough to lure all those within hearing to their doom. Another legend suggests that Rhiannon was
the mistress of three marvellous Birds whose song could wake the dead and lull the living to sleep. Because
of her association with Horses (she first appears in myth mounted upon a White Horse), Rhiannon is often
equated to Epona, the Roman-Gaulish Horse-Goddess.
Animals:
The Boar - Important to the art and myths of the Celts, the Boar (once common throughout the British Isles)
was known to be cunning and ferocious. The battle horn of the Celts sported the figure of a Boar's head,
their shields were decorated with engravings of the Boar in warfare, and figures of this animal were mounted
upon their helmets. The Boar was said to lead the Celts in battle and show direction for their warriors. The
skin of the Boar was also believed to heal wounds. One legendary Boar was Orc Triath owned by the
Goddess Brigit. In Arthurian tales, the Boar known as "Twrch Trwyth" was one of Arthur's most terrible foes.
The White Boar of Marvan was said to inspire its master with the ability to write music and poetry.
The Goose - As with most birds in Celtic lore, the Goose represented prophetic knowledge, bloodshed and
skill. Traditionally symbolic as messengers and servants of the Gods, they could be portents of either good
or evil, bringers of luck, omens of death or sacrificial animals. The interpretation of the flight patterns, habits
and songs of birds were all methods by which knowledge of future events might be told or unfortunate
circumstances avoided. Celtic monks used the Wild Goose as a symbol of the God Spirit and, in Roman
times, it was noted that Britons would not eat the flesh of the Goose. Bones of Geese have been found
buried in the graves of Iron Age Celtic warriors.
The Butterfly - Symbol of faery faith, the Butterfly was believed by many cultures to be the souls of the dead
and the keepers of power. Traditionally, no negative energies were said to be experienced in any area of the
Otherworld where Butterflies could be found. They were symbolic of the freedom from self-imposed
restrictions and the ability to regard problems with greater clarity.
September 30-October 3: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser
influence of a secondary tree...the Hazel, whose motto is "To Be The First" or "The
Extraordinary." Hazel individuals are charming, undemanding and often extremely
understanding...they know how to make a good impression. Hazels are also active fighters for
social causes. They are akin to pioneers, but with a competitive mind which can consume much
of the Hazel energy. It is important that Hazels do not tire themselves out by trying to remedy
too many faulty situations. Being honest and tolerant, with a precise sense of judgment, they are
usually popular people, but can make for moody and capricious partners. Those born under the
jurisdiction of this tree are said to have been conceived during the shortest or longest nights of
the year and the number 9 is said to be particularly lucky for such individuals.
October 4-October 13: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Rowan, also known as "The Service Tree," whose motto is "A Delight for Birds" or "The
Sensitivity." Rowan individuals are full of charm, cheerful and talented without being egotistical. They like to
draw attention and basically love life...even its complications. Somewhat restless, Rowans are both
dependent and independent. They constantly strive for approval from others and detest loneliness. Rowans
possess excellent taste, are artistic, passionate and emotional, with a burning desire to create a better and
more beautiful world. Rowan people make for good company but find it hard to forgive what they perceive to
be transgressions.
October 14-October 23: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Maple, whose motto is "Combative Angel" or "Independence of Mind."
Maple individuals are far from ordinary and never completely satisfied with standard replies.
They admire those who clearly assert themselves and rise eagerly to any challenge. Maple
people are full of imagination and originality, inclined to stand out in a crowd due to their
willpower and sense of committment. Though appearing shy and somewhat reserved, they are
truly ambitious, proud and self-confident. Maples hunger for new experiences and have a desire
to impress. They enjoy what is unknown, strange and even hostile. The inherent Maple need for
independence often clashes with the need to be surrounded by a community. With a tendency
to be nervous, Maple people have many complexities. They possess excellent memories and
easily learn new things. The love relationships of Maple individuals tend to be complicated
affairs.
October 24-October 27: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Walnut, whose motto is "Looking for a Homeland" or "The Passion." Walnut individuals are
unrelenting, considered somewhat strange by many and full of contrasts. Often egotistical, Walnuts are
aggressive and noble with a broad horizon. They are unexpected and sponteneous in their reactions with
little or no flexibility. Walnut people possess unlimited ambition and can make for difficult and uncommon
partners. Not always liked but often admired, the Walnut individual is an ingenious stategist, who is very
jealous and passionate by nature and rarely given to compromise. Walnuts will accept and endure a
multitude of troubles in order to satisfy the desire for pleasure. An uncompromising character, the Walnut
individual will undertake a project with inexhaustible perseverance and once in love, tends to love until death.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Reed gemstone is the Jasper, also known as the "Supreme Nurturer." The stone is an
opaque, impure Chalcedony, usually red in color but may also be found in brown, green, greyish-blue and
yellow. It is also often multi-colored. A very pretty and inexpensive earth stone, Jasper is usually worn in the
form of beads or cabochons. The gem was once believed to drive away evil spirits and offer protection from
the bites of Snakes and Spiders. Jasper has been a valued stone since the earliest days of mankind,
particularly since it lent itself so suitably for carving. Seals were often fashioned from Jasper and it was the
chosen jewel for the Emperor of China's personal such emblem. To the Assyrians, the red Jasper was
especially treasured since it was said to bring everlasting protection and offer medicinal properties. In the
Fourth Century, Jasper was known as the great "Rain-Bringer." It served as a reminder that an individual
was not on the physical plane merely for himself or herself, but to also bring joy and substance to others and
assist in releasing the bonds of constraint. Jasper was used by Native American shamans to provide
protection during their journeys into the Spirit Worlds, being believed to protect against negativity and aid in
grounding an individual to the stabilizing energy of the Earth. Red Jasper was once engraved with images of
Lions or Archers and carried to guard against poison and to cure fever. Many carvings of Jasper have been
found in Egyptian tombs and parts of the Book of the Dead were inscribed on tablets made from this stone.
There are many references to Jasper in the Bible and it was one of the twelve sacred stones in the
Breastplate of the High Priest. Saint Peter is believed by some cultures to have derived his name from the
Jasper, since it was the rock on which Christ said, "I will build my Church." One of history's most exceptional
Jaspers was etched with a profile of Louis XVI of France and displayed a blood-red steak across his throat.
This symbolizm (King Louis eventually meeting his death by execution at the guillotine during the French
Revolution) made it a gemstone of rare worth. Traditionally, the Jasper was employed in defensive magick
because it was said to return negativity to the original sender.
Flower: The flower of the Reed is the Water Mint, a low-growing, rather coarse perennial, also known as
Wild Mint or Marsh Mint. It belongs to a group known as marginal, bog or shallow water plants and is
common in the British Isles and Northern Europe. Typically, marginals like to have their roots constantly wet,
but most of the plant is held above water level. The Water Mint, which can grow to be a little over three feet
tall, bears a perfume similar to that of the Bergamot Orange. When crushed, it produces a highly aromatic
and minty scent. Its pinkish-lilac flowers, which bloom from July to October, attract many species of
Butterflies. Medicinally, the Water Mint was considered to have emetic, stimulant and astringent qualities. It
was closely linked to the Celtic guardians of sacred springs and streams and was used in the Middle Ages as
a strewing herb.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Reed is the planet Pluto ("Pwyll"), Roman God and
Ruler of the Dark UnderWorld.
Deity: The Reed deity is Arawen (or Arawn), King of the UnderWorld, also known as "King of Hell" and "God
of Annwn." His name means "silver-tongued." Arawen fought alongside Bran in the Battle of the Trees
against Amathaon and Gwyddion. Like most Gods of the OtherWorld, Arawen was a master hunter who rode
a pale Horse, followed by a pack of white, red-eared Hounds. The traditional purpose of this hunt was to
gather souls for the OtherWorld...assuming the quarry did not prove to be clever enough to evade the chase.
According to legend, domestic Pigs did not arrive in Britain until they were presented as a gift to Pryderi by
Arawen. Arawen was said to have possessed a magickal cauldron of regeneration, later captured by King
Arthur. In other Arthurian tales, Arawen is featured as one of Arthur's "Three Counselling Knights." His name
was later changed to "Anguish" or "Anguissance" and he was made King of Ireland or Scotland.
Also associated with the Reed is Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed (in what is today known as Wales). His chief court
was said to have been at Arbeth. Strongly associated with the OtherWorld, he was the occasional ruler of
that Realm (an honor he shared with Arawen), at which times he was bestowed with the title "Lord of
Beyond." Pwyll was given "The Stone" (one of four treasures) for safekeeping. "The Stone" symbolized the
right of monarchs to possess divine power.
Animals:
The Owl - These birds were most often associated with the Crone aspect of the Goddess. The Owl was
often considered a guide to and through the UnderWorld, being a creature of keen sight in darkness and a
swiftly-silent hunter. The Owl could help unmask those bent on deception or seeking to take advantage. In
the tale of Culhwch and Olwen, Gwrhyr encountered an Owl as one of the oldest creatures in his search for
the Mabon (Divine Child). In another Celtic legend, Blodeuwedd, Maiden of Flowers, was transformed into an
Owl after plotting to kill her husband Lleu. An Owl before a gateway was once said to be representative of
the transformation of the soul.
The White Hound - A title of honor for Celtic chieftains and representative of the Dogs which guarded the
lunar mysteries. Hounds in general symbolized enduring loyalty.
October 28-November 11: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Walnut, whose motto is "Looking for a Homeland" or "The Passion." Walnut individuals are
unrelenting, considered somewhat strange by many and full of contrasts. Often egotistical, Walnuts are
aggressive and noble with a broad horizon. They are unexpected and sponteneous in their reactions with
little or no flexibility. Walnut people possess unlimited ambition and can make for difficult and uncommon
partners. Not always liked but often admired, the Walnut individual is an ingenious stategist, who is very
jealous and passionate by nature and rarely given to compromise. Walnuts will accept and endure a
multitude of troubles in order to satisfy the desire for pleasure. An uncompromising character, the Walnut
individual will undertake a project with inexhaustible perseverance and once in love, tends to love until
death.
November 12-November 21: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Chestnut, whose motto is "In Quest of the Truth" or "The Honesty." Chestnut individuals
usually possess unusual beauty and a tendency to be overly-critical of themselves. With no desire to
impress and with an inherent distaste for falsehoods, Chestnuts are blessed with a well-developed sense of
justice. They are vivacious by nature and very diplomatic, but tend to be sensitive in company and easily
driven to irritation...which can be indicative of a lack of self-confidence. Chestnut people will sometimes act
superior but basically feel as though they are misunderstood. They are prone to love only once in their lives
and often experience great difficulty in finding a partner.
November 22-November 24: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser
influence of a secondary tree...the Ash, whose motto is "Always Aiming Higher" or "The
Ambition." Ash individuals are uncommonly attractive, vivacious, impulsive and demanding.
They do not care for criticism, can be egosistic and love to "play with fire." Ambitious, intelligent
and talented, Ash people are prone to allow the brain to rule the head, but they do take
partnerships very seriously. It is important to an Ash individual that he or she maintain personal
identity, freedom and independence. Nonetheless, Ashes make for trustworthy mates who are
faithful, prudent and reliable. Ash people probably care more about the future than those born
under any other jurisdiction and are concerned about making progress. If they set themselves a
target which requires committment, then they are willing to give up many things in order to reach
that goal. At the peak of glory, Ash individuals often prove to possess a genuine greatness and
they will undertake tremendous efforts in order to help others.
Symbols
Gemstone: The Elder gemstone is the Jet, sometimes called "Black Amber." It is an organic jewel rather
than a gemstone, being a variety of Lignite, formed from the wood of cone-bearing plants which have
fossilized...a type of coal intermediate between peat and anthracite which is so hard and uniform that it may
be carved and polished to look like black glass, even though it radiates no light. The word "Jet" originates
from Gagas in Asia Minor where it was first discovered. A grounding and balancing stone said to carry a
negative electrical charge, Jet was believed to be excellent in the drawing of power and in providing
knowledge to the wearer. When combined with Amber, Jet was one of the traditional stones of the High
Priestess who, in some cultures, was the only person allowed to wear both stones together. In ancient times,
Jet was often burned and the fumes inhaled in order to alleviate various conditions, including edema, colds,
female disorders and hysteria. Jet fumes were once also used to detect the loss of virginity...although the
exact method of this practice has been lost over the passage of time. The consumption of water into which a
piece of Jet had been dipped was believed at one time to cure the pangs of childbirth, and powdered Jet
mixed with wax to form a salve was used for dental problems. A mixture of Jet in wine was formerly used to
relieve toothache and also served as a fixative for loose teeth.
Traditionally known to be a "one person" stone, Jet was thought to ward off evil (especially magickal evil), lift
fear and cure depression. These stones were considered a link between the physical and the spiritual and
employed to balance the emtions, as well as to repel plague, fever and negativity and offer protection from
thunderstorms. In Ancient Greece, Jet was a sacred substance and in Assyria, it was considered to be the
Gods' favored jewel. Widely used as a talisman or amulet, medieval legend credits these medallions with
supernatural powers...the ability to gain complete control over the natural elements (fire, air, earth and
water), for example. Given as a gift, the amulet could allegedly place a person under the power of the giver's
mental control. In Ancient Britain and Ireland, Jet was considered an extremely lucky stone and housewives
burned it to ensure the safe return of their sailor husbands. Jet was one of the first materials to be carved
into crosses and made into rosaries during the early days of the Christian Church. In the Victorian Era, Jet
beads became very fashionable as trimming for women's clothing and the stone itself worn as mourning
jewelry. Wearers also carried the stone to ease arthritis of the knee and to prevent baldness. The use of Jet
for amulets and ornaments was once world-wide and small figurines carved from Jet have been found in the
tombs of Ancient Egypt, Japan and in the Pueblos of the American Indians. Jet in its natural form is found
most abundantly in England, France, Germany and Spain and is used today chiefly in the manufacture of
buttons and costume jewelry.
Flower: The flower of the Elder is the Dandelion, also known as "Priest's Crown" and "Swine's Snout." The
Dandelion does not grow in the Southern Hemisphere, but is found in all parts of the North Temperate
Zone...in pastures, meadows and on waste ground. Farmers consider it to be a troublesome weed, given its
prolifically dispersing seeds. The flowers of the Dandelion are a bright golden-yellow and its leaves are shiny
and hairless, each cut into great jagged teeth which resemble the canine teeth of a lion, thus giving this plant
its familiar name...a corruption of the French Dent de Lion. The Dandelion holds an important place among
the honey-producing plants, furnishing a plentiful quantity of both pollen and nectar in the early Spring. With
the withering of the petals, the seeds, crowned with their tufts of hair, appear and are soon mature enough to
be blown from the stalk by the slightest breeze. This is the "Dandelion Clock" long loved by children, who will
blow upon it until all the seeds are released...telling the time of day by the number of puffs necessary to
disperse every seed. Small birds are extremely fond of Dandelion seeds and Pigs will devour the entire plant
with much gluttony. Goats will also eat the Dandelion, but it does not appear to be palatable to either Sheep
or Cattle. Horses also refuse to touch the plant but it is a valuable food for Rabbits and makes an excellent
meal for this furry creature during Spring and particularly during breeding seasons. The young leaves were
once consumed by the French in Spring salads and may still feature in salad dishes and sandwiches today in
some parts of the Continent. Full-grown leaves, however, are far too bitter to be eaten. Dried Dandelion
leaves are often employed as an ingredient in many digestive or diet drinks and herb beers...Dandelion Stout
being a particular favorite among the workers in the industrial towns of the Midlands Area in England.
Dandelion coffee is said to help keep the liver, kidneys and bowels in healthy working order. The first
mention of the Dandelion in a medicinal sense was during the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries when it was
employed by Arabian physicians. Since it is a non-poisonous plant, rather large doses of its preparations
may be taken with no ill effects.
Celestial Body: The celestial body associated with the Elder is Saturn ("Sadorn"), an ancient Italian God of
Reaping, Fertility and Agriculture. He is also credited with being the God of Time.
Deity: The Elder deity is Pryderi, son of Pwyll Penn Annwn and the Goddess Rhiannon. According to legend,
Pryderi was stolen away as a newborn infant by a nameless fiend who, upon a horse-thieving expedition,
dropped the babe once more into the world when it was struck by a blow from the Guardian of the Horses.
Though not one of the official number among the Children of Llyr (one of the families of Gods found in Welsh
Mythology associated with the Sea), Pryderi does appear to have been an honorary member by virtue of
close association. Pryderi took the side of Bran in the conflict with Matholwch and was one of the seven
survivors of that battle. Traditionally, Pryderi represented the dark forces in opposition to (and as part of) the
light. He was defeated in the Battle of the Trees and is equated with King Pelles who lost the Grail to the
archetypal forces of light. According to legend, Pyderi met his death at the hands of Gwydion, son of Don, in
a single combat. He is said to be buried at Maen Tyriawg, above Y Felenrhyd.
Also associated with the Elder is The Cailleach, also known as Cailleach Beara and the Crone of Beare. In
some parts of Ancient Britain, this deity was the Goddess of Winter, depicted as a blue-faced hag who was
reborn every October 31 (Samhain). She brought the snow until the Goddess Brigit annually deposed her
and she eventually turned to stone every April 30 (Beltaine). In later times, the mythical witch-like figure of
"Black Annis" is believed to have derived from The Cailleach. An ancient Goddess of the pre-Celtic people,
The Cailleach was thought to control the Seasons and the Weather, as well as being the Goddess of Earth,
Sky, Moon and Sun. In Scotland, The Cailleach was also known as Scota (from which the name Scotland
originates) and said to be the earliest known ancestor of the Scots. Initially, Scotland was called Caledonia or
the "Land Given By Cailleach." Scota was probably once a Mother Goddess in Egypt, but her myth and
origins have become shadowy with the passage of time. She was generally thought to be the daughter of the
Pharaoh Cingris, but from that point, her history seems to diverge...even merging with Christian biblical
figures. In many tales, she was the mother of Amergin the Bard; in others, she was the mother of Goidel,
who gave his name to the Gaels. She is said to have died fighting the Tuatha de Danaan in the Milesian
invasion and thought to be buried near a dolmen (a primitive stone altar) in County Kerry, Ireland.
Animals:
The Black Horse - A popular Celtic totem animal, the Horse was sacred to the Goddesses Epona and
Rhiannon. Thought to be a faithful guide to the Otherworlds, it symbolized stamina, endurance and
faithfulness.
The Badger - An animal said to possess unyielding courage in the face of danger, the Badger was noted for
its tenacity. In the Welsh tale of Pwyll's courting of Rhiannon, a Badger was mentioned as a guide during
dreaming. The Badger was symbolic of the fight for individual rights and the defense of personal spiritual
ideas.
The Raven - A symbol of healing and protection, it was cautioned that great care should be taken when
dealing with this important totem animal of the Celts. In Ireland, the Raven was associated with the battlefield
and such Goddesses as the Morrigu or later Welsh Morrigan (as was the Crow). This bird was also
connected to Bran the Blessed...in Welsh, "Bran" means "Raven." Although its reputation was sometimes
dubious, the Raven was considered an oracular Bird, often representing the upsets and crises of life which
were deemed necessary for anything new to be created.
November 25-December 1: Those born between these two dates also fall under the lesser influence of a
secondary tree...the Ash, whose motto is "Always Aiming Higher" or "The Ambition." Ash individuals are
uncommonly attractive, vivacious, impulsive and demanding. They do not care for criticism, can be egosistic
and love to "play with fire." Ambitious, intelligent and talented, Ash people are prone to allow the brain to rule
the head, but they do take partnerships very seriously. It is important to an Ash individual that he or she
maintain personal identity, freedom and independence. Nonetheless, Ashes make for trustworthy mates who
are faithful, prudent and reliable. Ash people probably care more about the future than those born under any
other jurisdiction and are concerned about making progress. If they set themselves a target which requires
committment, then they are willing to give up many things in order to reach that goal. At the peak of glory,
Ash individuals often prove to possess a genuine greatness and they will undertake tremendous efforts in
order to help others.
December 2-December 11: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Hornbeam, whose motto is "Monument of Loyalty" or "The Good Taste." Hornbeam individuals
possess a cool beauty and exquisite taste. Although Hornbeams are concerned about their appearance, they
are far from egotistical. They like their reasonable and disciplined lives to be as comfortable as possible.
Hornbeam people look for kindess and acknowledgment in an emotional partner, though they are seldom
happy with their own personal feelings. They are prone to mistrust and are never sure about the decisions
they make, although they are the most conscientious characters. There is a tendency for Hornbeams to
shoulder the responsibility for mistakes of others, it being more important in their eyes to promote tolerance
and maintain harmony rather than respect rigid rules which demand a scapegoat.
December 12-December 21: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary
tree...the Fig, whose motto is "Soul of Kindess" or "The Sensibility." Fig individuals are very strong,
independent and somewhat self-willed. They love life, their family and animals but cannot bear to be
contradicted. Something of a social butterfly, Figs possess a good sense of humor, practical talent and
intelligence. However, there is a tendency toward idleness and laziness. The sensitivity of Fig people can
make them find life rather bitter, but they have the necesssary strength to preserve a human susceptibility.
Born on one of the shortest or longest days of the year, it may be more difficult for Fig individuals to find the
right balance between spontaneity and reason...quietness and restlessness...sweetness and
bitterness...than it is for others. It is in the Fig nature to switch back-and-forth between the two sides of this
flexible personality, along with a tendency to exaggerate from time-to-time.
December 22: Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Beech,
whose motto is "Biding Time" or "The Creative." Beech individuals have good taste and are concerned about
personal appearance. They are good organizers of life and career, but tend to be somewhat materialistic.
Beech people are good leaders, but ones who are hesitant to take unnecessary risks. They make for
splended lifetime companions and are religious about keeping fit and in good health.
December 23: Though generally given Elder characteristics for the most part, those born on December 23
are often considered to be somewhat distinctive from that tree's jurisdiction, falling under the influence of the
Mistletoe. December 23 is the only day not ruled by a tree and/or its corresponding Ogham letter. It is
sometimes referred to as the "blank" or "unnamed" day of the Celtic Tree Calendar. Though credited with no
particular month, the color of the Mistletoe is purple, its letter is "U," its Class is Chieftain and it is associated
with healing and development on the spiritual level. This day was also known as "The Secret of the Unhewn
Stone" and denoted the quality of potential in all things.
Mistletoe people are said to be solid achievers, as well as being extremely charismatic. Though capable of
incredible personal success, they often prefer to spend their lives helping others. The Mistletoe individual is
mysterious by nature and often reluctant to became too intimate with others. Such people have a great fear
of failure and are seldom keen to take on the role of parenting. They tend to give much thought to a
relationship prior to making any committment. However, when Mistletoe individuals do fall in love, it is usually
forever and they are totally devoted to their own parents. Mistletoe people view life as a great challenge and
often distrust those who choose to take the easy path.
The gemstone associated with the Mistletoe is the Black Pearl, a rare version of the traditional White Pearl,
which is not a true gemstone but a product of the sea. The Pearl is an organic gem, formed within the interior
of certain mollusks as a natural defense to an irritant. A Pearl may be any shape, but those which are round
or pear-shaped are the most valuable. Irregular-shaped Pearls are called Baroque Pearls. Pearls are said to
aid in inner vision and help improve self-worth. It is believed that the wearer of Pearls is able to see the love
of the person from whom the gift was given. Once believed by some cultures to be the tears of God, the
Pearl is sometimes referred to as the "Queen Gem" (Diamond being the "King Gem"). Also, according to
some legends, Pearls were the first creation of God. The Ancient Hindus included Pearls among the five
precious gems in the magickal necklace of Vishnu. Traditionally, the Pearl is an emblem of chastity and
purity, symbolizing love, success and happiness. These gems were once credited with possessing the ability
to reproduce themselves. This quality was attributed to every ninth Pearl, each of which would be placed in a
bottle with two grains of rice and left to breed. In very early medical treatments, Pearls were crushed and
taken internally in honey or wine to cure a variety of ailments. They were also sometimes dissolved in acid
and swallowed to honor a famous personage...Cleopatra did this to honor Marc Antony and Sir Thomas
Gresham to honor Queen Elizabeth I of England. Pearls were considered a powerful protective amulet and
particularly treasured by divers and fishermen who wore them as protection from the perils of the sea. The
Angel Gabriel is said to protect all those who wear Pearls.
The relative plant (not surprisingly) is the Mistletoe itself. Considered to be in the Chieftain Class, the
Mistletoe is the Druid symbol of life through death and used at the Festival of Winter Solstice because it was
considered sacred to the Sun. Mistletoe, also known in some cultures as the "Golden Bough," is an aerial
parasitic plant which grows high in the boughs of trees. It has no roots and is dependent upon its host for
survival. In Celtic mythology, the Mistletoe is chiefly associated with the Oak and is propagated by birds who
deposit the berries during flight. In the Celtic language, Mistletoe means "All Heal" and it was once believed
to possess all manner of miraculous curative powers...an aid in the treatment of toothache, measles and dog
bites, for example. Sprigs were once placed in the cradles of babies in order to protect the infants from faerie
abduction and giving a sprig to the first cow calving after the New Year was believed to protect the entire
herd. Mistletoe was also thought to have held the soul of its host tree. With the advent of Christianity,
Mistletoe was considered purely a Pagan plant and its display on Christian altars was forbidden for
centuries.
Those born on this date also fall under the lesser influence of a secondary tree...the Apple,
whose motto is "Fulfilled In Love." The Apple Tree is the tree of perfection, the love link that
unites nature with mankind, life with death and the beyond with the here and now. It is one of
the seven sacred Celtic trees. The Celtic calendar has only two fruit trees...one is the Apple and
the other is the Fig. Apple individuals are usually slight of build and blessed with an abundance
of charm, appeal and attraction. They exude a pleasant aura and are flirtatious, adventurous
and sensitive. Always in love, Apple people seek to be loved and make for faithful and tender
partners. They are generous, stable and possessed with scientific talents. A person who "lives
for today," the Apple individual is a carefree philosopher endowed with imagination who dreams
about an untroubled life with no division. Apples are excellent mediators, their moral tolerance
being beyond reproach and they like to be in contact with people they can help, for by helping
others, they can often help themselves out of a bad patch.
(from: http://www.novareinna.com/constellation/celtic.html )