Design of Exterior Column:

I.Determination if Long column or Short column

Data for computing actual slenderness ratio:

Column: Beams:

Depth, h= 400 mm Depth, h= 400

Width, b= 400 mm Width. B= 300
Length, Lu = 3400 mm Length, Lu = 5000
r = 0.30h = 120 mm

Effective moment of inertia of Column:

Ic = 0.70Ig = 0.70(1/12)(400)(400)^3 1493333333 mm^4

Effective moment of inertia of beam:

Ib = 0.35Ig = 0.35(1/12)(300)(400)^3 560000000 mm^4

Stiffness ratio at the upper end of the column:

Ec= 21538.11

𝐺𝑎= (∑▒(𝐸𝐼𝑐/𝐿𝑢)𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)/(∑▒ 〖 (𝐸𝐼𝑏/𝐿𝑢) 〗

𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 )=(∑▒((21538.11)∗(1.493𝑋 〖 10 〗 ^7 1.4705882
))/3400)/(((21538.11)∗(5.600 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/7500)+
((21538.11)∗(5.600 〖𝑋 10 〗 ^8)/5000)(2))=
Stiffness ratio of lower end considered as fixed:

Gb = 1

Reading from the alignment chart for columns in an unbraced (frame subject to sideway),

K= 1.29

Radius of gyration of the column:

r = 0.30h 120 mm

Actual slenderness ratio of the column:

kLu/r = 36.55
Since slenderness is greater than 22, Column is a LONG COLUMN.

II. Column Loading( From STAAD.PRO) (Member 111)

Unit
Actual Force due to Dead load, Pd = 7.706 KN 7706
Actual Force due to Live load, Pl = 60.303 KN 60303
Actual Force due to greatest transverse load, Pt = 16.745 KN 16745

Ultimate load due to gravity

(Pu1 = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL) = 105.732 KN 105732

Ultimate Load due to transverse loading

(Pu2 = 1.2 DL +1.0W + 1.0L) = 97.51435 KN 97514.35

Greatest Flexure due to dead load, Md = 8.083 KN.m 8083

Greatest Flexure due to Live load, Ml = 3.118 KN.m 3118
Greatest Flexure due to Transverse load, Mw = 31.796 KN.m 31796

(Mu1 = 1.2 Md+ 1.6 Ml) = 14.6884 KN 14688.4

Smaller moment end joint, M1b = 0.051 KN.m 51

Greater moment end joint, M2b = 14.504 KN.m 14504
Moment due to sidesway, M2s = 31.796 KN.m 31796

III. Flexural Considerations

Magnified moment to be used in designing the column

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s

Data for computing δb:

βd = Max. factored dead load moment / Total Factored moment= 0.6603578

Ec= 21538.10576629 Mpa

Ig = (bh^3 / 12) = 2133333333.333 mm^4

Trial: EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 11069411194143 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 5679188.417932 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.60140650855 >0.40
\Use cm =0.6014065085
 δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.601421438
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

Data for computing δs:

EI =( 0.4*(Ec)*Ig)/1+βd = 1.837918E+13 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 9429484.977 N

∑Pc = 18858969.954 N
∑Pu = 203246.35 N

δs = 1/1-(∑Pu/∑σPc) 1.014579
\Use δs = 1.014579

Design moment (magnified moment) of column:

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 46763.556 N.m

Minimum eccentricity:
emin = 15 + 0.03h = 27 mm

Actual eccentricity:
e = Mc / Pu 0.442 m
\Use e = 442.284 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 1.11
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.03
K e/h = 0.03

Assuming using 20 mm φ longitudinal bars with 10 mm φ lateral ties

γ =( h- 80 - db - 2dbt)/h 0.70

Reading the interaction diagram for fy = 415 and by interpolation,

ρg = 0.0107

Ast = ρg Ag = 1712 mm^2

Nb = 4 Ast/ πdb^2= 5.44946985443677 Use 8 bars

Therefore the actual Ast,

Ast =(π d^2/4)*8= 2513.272 mm^2

ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

Data for computing new value of δb:

Is= 3Abd1^2+2Abd2^2= 28961566 mm^4

EI = ((0.2*Ec*Ig)+(Es*Is))/1+δb= 9023298889136 N.mm^2

Pc = (π^2 EI)/(klu)^2= 4629425.508182 N

Cm = 0.6 +0.4 M1b/M2b = 0.60140650855 >0.40

\Use cm =0.6014065085

δb = Cm/1-(Pu/σPc) 0.62029585637
Minimum δb = 1.0
\Use δb = 1

∑Pc = 9258851.016364 N
∑Pu = 203246.35 N

The new value of δs is:

δs = 1/1-∑Pc/σ∑Pc) 1.03 > δs =
Minimum δs = 1.0
\Use δs = 1.03

Mc = δbM2b + δsM2s
Mc = 47258.6892994 N.m

Actual eccentricity:

e = Mc / Pu 0.447 mm
\Use e = 446.967 mm

Data for the interaction chart:

e/h = 1.12
K = Pu/ f'c Ag 0.03
K e/h = 0.04
 ρg = Ast /Ag = 0.01570795

γ =( h- 80 - 20 - 2(10))/h 0.70

Readings from the interaction chart for fy = 415 Mpa and by interpolation,

φPn/Ag = 5.974 N/mm^2

φPn = 5.974* 400*400 = 955840 N

φPnmin= 0.10f'cAg= 336000 N

since φPn > φPnmin, φ = 0.65

Actual Axial Load Capacity:

φPn= 955840 > Pu= 105732

THEREFOSAFE!
\Use 8-20mm φ longitudinal steel bars.

IV. Shear Consideration

Lateral Tie Diameter = 10 mm φ

At Confinement zones:

length of Lo,
a. h= 400 400
b. Lu/6= 3400/6 566.666666666667
c. 400 400

Therefore, use Lo, = 566.666666666667

Spacing So,

Dc = h -80 = 320 mm
hc = Dc - dbt = 310 mm
Ach = Dc^2 = 96100 mm^2
Ash = πd^2/4 = π(10)^2/4 = 157.0795 mm^2

𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 111.2612945895 mm

(157.0795)(415)/(0.09 (310)
( 21))=
 𝑎. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦)/(0.9 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐)=. 111.2612945895 mm
(157.0795)(415)/(0.09 (310)
( 21))=

b. (𝐴𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑦 )/(0.3 ℎ𝑐 𝑓^′ 𝑐(𝐴𝑔/𝐴𝑐ℎ−1))=.

50.19817093922 mm
(157.0795(415) )/(0.3(310)( 21)
(400𝑥400/96100−1))=
𝑐. 100 mm
ℎ/4=400/4=

𝑑. 6 db=6 (20)= 120 mm

use s = 50 mm

Number of ties, No. = lo/ so = 11.33333333333

12
Provide 11 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 50 mm on centers at confinement zones.

At Non Confinement zones:

Lm = Lu - 2*sNo =3400 - 2(12*50) 2200

Spacing,

a. 150
b. 6 db = 6 * 25 150

Number of 10-mm φ lateral ties at non-confinement zone:

Nm = 14.666666667

Provide 14 10-mm φ lateral ties @ 150 mm on centers at non-confinement zone.

7500
Unit
N
N
N

N.m
N.m
N.m

N.m
N.m
N.m
Use 8 bars

1.0