Introduction

Background of the Study

Concrete blocks or commonly known as hollow blocks are most commonly

used in our community specifically in construction of houses, buildings, and other

structures to name a few. Basically, a concrete block is a primary material in any

infrastructure projects. The most in demand business nowadays is going into

construction or infrastructure. The law of supply and demand varies according to

its needs. As the demand goes on, more hollow blocks are needed. As per

observation the quality of hollow blocks that you could get at the market

nowadays are very brittle, fragile and could easily break apart that may cause

danger not only to this generation but to the coming generation as well. Because

of that, we came pup with this idea: ADDING INDIGENEOUS MATERIALS IN

MAKING HOLLOW BLOCKS.

One of the components which we are about to add are segregated waste

materials such as chicken eggshells and plastic wrappers Those materials are

commonly found anywhere may it be in households, schools, community

environment that are usually thrown away. A study conducted by the United

Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2015 entitled "Plastic waste inputs

from land into the ocean" shows that the Philippines wastes 6,237,653 kg

(6875.84 tons) of plastic per day, of which 81% is mismanaged.

Our main concern in doing is to make it affordable and more productive

that everyone could have. Apart from that, we also assured that the materials we

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will be using in this project are eco-friendly and could be easily found in our

community. Who knows that just by simply collecting shells and wrappers, you

can create something helpful that might save ourselves, family and community

from the danger of pollution in the future. Most importantly, we help our country in

saving Mother Earth thus, making this product give benefit to a lot of people due

to its reliable and long-lasting quality.

Statement of the Problem

The study sought to answer the following questions:

a) Can Powered Eggshells and Plastic Wrappers help in enhancing concrete

hollow blocks?

b) What is the mean Strength Compressive MPa of the powdered eggshell

with plastic wrappers?

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Scope and Limitation

The powdered egg shells and plastic wrappers will be the additional

component in making a concrete block stronger. The researcher’s main concern

is to establish the fact how reliable it is to build some hollow blocks with those

mixtures. Our main concern is to be environmental-friendly to augment

government problem on waste materials.

This study was conducted from July 2, 2018 to September 30, 2018 at

Department of Public Works and Highway Region V(Bicol), Regional Site, Rawis,

Legazpi City. Preparation of egg shells and plastic wrappers was done in San

Lorenzo National High School, San Lorenzo, Tabaco City. Preparation of

concrete hollow blocks was held in San Lorenzo, Tabaco City. To determine

whether the concrete block with powdered egg shells and plastic wrappers will be

stronger and to find out what might be the effect of mixing it all together and lastly

to determine if our research will be successful.

The investigation will focus on finding out whether the hollow block mixed

with egg shells and plastic wrappers can last longer than the regular hollow

blocks.

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Significance of the Study

We can’t assure on what will happen in the future, this study will benefit

the community to make the buildings sturdier and to the environment knowing the

fact that plastic wrappers and eggshells are generally thrown as a waste.

Generally speaking, our main concern in this study is to be of help in our way this

research is conducted to enhance our fellow citizen on segregating waste

materials and having it used in a more productive way. The research will focus

on how we can be of help to our country as a means of collecting those waste,

and utilize it by mixing it in our hollow blocks making. As far as our concern it is

our obligation to help our environment free from any pollution thus, this research

will help a lot.

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Hypothesis

If we add the powdered eggshell and plastic wrappers to the hollow blocks

then, the compressive strength will be much more stronger compared to

conventional hollow blocks.

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Conceptual Framework

The strength of the concrete block is one of the common problem in our

community. Due to the weakness and minimum strength of a concrete block, the

researcher conceived to investigate the essential effect of powdered egg shells

which is believed of having a calcium carbonate that can strengthen the block

and will be added a plastic wrapper.

Input Process Output

Egg Shells Phase I – Concrete

(Powdered Preparation of Block
Chicken Egg powdered egg Strengthening
Shells & shells and plastic
Plastic (Powdered
wrappers as a Egg Shells
Wrappers) concrete block and Cut-out
strengthener. Plastic
Phase II – Testing Wrappers
and mixing of based)
powdered egg
shells and plastic
wrappers as a
concrete block
strengthener.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

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Methods and Materials

Research Method

In making the Powdered Eggshell and Plastic Wrappers as Hollow Blocks

Enhancer, the materials were gathered. After gathering the materials, the

eggshells were grinned into powder and the plastic wrappers were trim into small

pieces. Mix it to the other components (cement, sand, water etc.) in the hollow

blocks mold. And lastly put it under the sun to solidify.

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 Figure 2. Flowchart Process in Powdered Eggshells and Plastic Wrappers as

Hollow Block Enhancer

The construction materials, universal testing machine and other tools are used as

they have gone further with their study. The construction materials include 1 ½ kg

of cement, 62.5g of Powdered Eggshells, 125g of Plastic Wrappers, 3 kg of sand,

and the amount of water was based on the measurement that was used in hollow

block making.

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 Results and Discussion

A comprehensive summary of the results of the properties of all the concretes

are presented in Table 1.

Strength Compressive MPa (psi) Mean

1 2 3 4 5 6

0.256 0.144 0.249

Conventiona
(37.12 (20.88 (36.11 0.216(31.37)
l CHB
) ) )
CHB
Powdered 0.541 0.329 0.596 0.711 0.441
0.319
Eggshell and (78.45 (47.71 (86.42 (103.10 (63.95 0.4895(70.98)
(46.26)
Plastic ) ) ) ) )
Wrappers

Table 1: Compressive strength results from Universal Testing Machine

As shown in the table above the strength properties of the hollow blocks with
powdered eggshell and plastic wrappers are much sturdier than that of the
ordinary one. The mean Strength Compressive MPa of the powdered eggshell
with plastic wrappers is 0.4895 (70.98) compared to the conventional hollow
blocks which has 0.216 (31.37) MPa strength property.

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Conclusion

The results which came after carrying out the test indicates that powdered

eggshells and plastic wrappers can be used as a hollow block enhancer. Based

on the compressive strength result from Universal Testing Machine, it is proved

that the CHB with ‘Powdered Egg Shell and Plastic Wrappers’ is stronger than

the conventional CHB. The mixture of egg shell and plastic wrappers in hollow

blocks do help a lot in saving mother Earth as a means of collecting waste

materials to augment government problem on waste segregation.

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Recommendations

Further research should be carried out to produce more viscous hollow

blocks with powdered eggshells and plastic wrappers. Undergo more tests with

different measurements of plastic wrappers and eggshells. The researchers

recommend plastic wrappers and powdered eggshells as well as other as well as

other plastic waste and use or turn them into alternative products to help the

environment.

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Bibliography

https/www.google.com.ph/search?client=aff-
freebasics&q=amount+of+plastic+waste+generated+in+the+philippines&oq=amo
unt+of+plastic+waste+generated+i n+the+philippines&aqs=mobile-gws-lite..

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/healthandwellness/655744/phl-1-of-5-
countries-that-produce-half-of-world-s-plastic-waste-un-report/story/

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Definition of Terms

psi – per square inch

mpa – mega Pascal

CHB – concrete hollow blocks

Calcium carbonate – a white, insoluble solid occurring naturally as chalk, limestone,

marble, and calcite, and forming mollusc shells and stony corals.

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 PLATES

Figure 3. Hollow block testing

Figure 4. Universal Testing Machine

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank our respective teachers Ms. Kimberly Bien and

Mrs. Dona Burac for their pieces of advice and guidance without which we would

not have completed this project in a successful manner, Mrs. Merlita Cardaño

and Mrs. Salome Añonuevo for mentoring and support and also to our principal,

Mr. Alvin Borromeo for supporting our proposal. We're also thankful for our ever

supportive parents who helped us. The staffs of DPWH especially Mr. Joseph Ian

B. Bilasano (Engineer II), Rowena A. Paras (Engineer III), and Sir Fermin E.

Peteza (Engineer V) who assisted and tested our study. Lastly, our groupmates,

Ms. Lyra Bertillo, Ms. Jhemavel Yap and Ms. Princess Amor Cerda who helped

us complete this project.

Fig.5 Hollow blocks with powdered eggshell and plastic wrappers

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