Medieval music was mainly sung and controlled by Monks.

They were more of

a gloomy, monotonousness sound that centered and pretty much all of it was
about religion. 
Renaissance music was lighter, more cheerful and had much more tones to it.
Mainly brass and percussion seeing as the harpsichord and piano had yet to
be made and strings were rare. They had, like the Medieval era, more voices. 
Baroque music was grand and ordinate like the art and architecture. This one
had strings, more of a balance between sounds and voices, and the subject
unlike the last two derived from more than religion. I think the piano was made
either just a little before or (most likely after, wherever the Classical era is that
is when it was made) after. Though I think a harpsichord was around. I don't
quite know for sure.