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Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332
Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332
Islamic University of Gaza Civil Engineering Department: Surveying II ECIV 2332
Surveying II
ECIV 2332
By
Belal Almassri
Chapter 7
Coordinate geometry and traverse
surveying – Part 1
-Introduction to coordinate geometry.
-Definitions and notes.
-Inverse problem.
-Location by angle and distance.
-Location by distance and offset.
-Intersection by angles.
-Intersection by distances.
Introduction to coordinate
geometry:
Coordinate means position or location.
A. Global Coordinate system:
1. Geographic: (longitude, latitude,
elevations).
2. Cartesian: (x or y symbols the equator, y
or x will be normal to the equator, z will
be the polar axis).
3. Polar: (South, North).
Cartesian Coordinate System
(E,N,RL)
X(E)
Definitions and Notes
Control points: the points that have
known coordinates.
Known line: two known coordinates or
one known coordinates and known
azimuth angle. A B
α
A
Departure: the change in E direction, Δy.
Latitude: the change in N direction, Δx.
j (yj, xj)
αij
i (yi, xi)
y (East)
d ij y j - y i x j - x i
2 2
... 7.1
α ij tan 1
y j - yi
c
x - xi
... 7.2
j
positive positive 1 0
p n
o1 o2
k
αij m
y
Case 1: the point is to the left of the line ij
y p yi d im . sin α ij o1 . cos α ij
x p x i d im . cos α ij o1 . sin α ij
y k yi d in . sin α ij o 2 . cos α ij
x k x i d in . cos α ij o 2 . sin α ij
Types of questions:
• Known: coordinates of i and j
points, distances to the new
First point, the offsets and the
Type location.
• Calculate: the coordinates of
the new point.