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Useful Tips For A Successful HAZOP Study
Useful Tips For A Successful HAZOP Study
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PCIAL FOCU: PLANT AFTY AND NVIRONMNT (/MAGAZIN/2016/NOVMR-2016#PCIAL-
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Ueful tip for a ucceful HAZOP tud
The product we ue on a dail ai comprie a variet of chemical.
Kunte, V. A. (/author/t/tata-conulting-engineer-ltd/kunte-v-a), akthivel, . (/author/t/tata-conulting-engineer-ltd/akthivel-), TATA Conulting ngineer Ltd.
The product we ue on a dail ai comprie a variet of chemical. The product increae the living tandard of illion of people
acro the world. Man technologie have een developed to manufacture thee chemical. In an tpe of indutr (), uch a petroleum
re椀ning, petrochemical or fertilizer production, pecialt chemical manufacturing, or peticide production, the handling, proceing,
toring and tranferring of huge quantitie of volatile and 栀ammale hdrocaron and chemical are inevitale. ince hdrocaron and
chemical are vulnerale to 椀re, exploion or toxic releae, the can lead to variou tpe of accident. The conequence of an accident
could e catatrophic, which a ect capital () invetment, peronnel afet, equipment and the environment.
Thee incident can e avoided proper aement and management of rik. The proce of rik aement involve not onl
leaderhip, ut alo thoe who are involved in planning (), deign, operation, maintenance and afet. Thi proce include manager,
engineer, upervior, operator and laorer. Tpicall, rik reduction involve the election and deign of proper equipment for
proceing and toring chemical. Thi operation involve electing uitale piping, intrumentation and control, electrical apect, rik
aement and evaluation, afet audit, onite and o ite diater management plan, and afet-related training throughout the
lifeccle of the plant.
PROC HAZARD ANALYI TCHNIQU
Rik management involve proce hazard anali (PHA) a the 椀rt tep to commence the proce of hazard identi椀cation. Man
method exit for conducting PHA, uch a:
What-if checklit
Fault tree anali (FTA)
Failure mode and e ect anali (FMA)
Caue–conequence anali
vent tree anali (TA)
Hazard and operailit anali (HAZOP).
Of the aove, a HAZOP tud i a powerful technique for the identi椀cation of hazard. It require that a tematic and comprehenive
procedure e followed throughout the tud, and it utilize team e ort of experienced peron in the area of deign, operation,
maintenance and afet. Thi article provide a numer of ueful tip for carring out a ucceful HAZOP tud. Thee tip are aed on
the author’ experience and uequent anali of a variet of HAZOP tudie attended a a participant and a a HAZOP tud team
leader.
HAZOP TUDY—HLPFUL RCOMMNDATION
HAZOP i a tematic and tructured technique commonl ued in identifing potential hazard and/or prolem with plant operailit,
recognizing conequence ariing from variou caue and providing recommendation for afet improvement in deign and operation.
Thi exercie i performed a properl elected, experienced and interdiciplinar team. xperienced profeional have the ailit to
identif potential hazard that ma otherwie ecape attention during individual dek review. Although thi technique wa originall
developed and ued for chemical plant, it ha alo een ued for man other facilitie, uch a water treatment plant, ewage treatment
plant, water, chemical, hdrocaron torage and tranfer tem, and pilot plant. Moreover, technique uch a AFOP, e-HAZOP, c-
HAZOP, oftware HAZOP and procedure HAZOP have alo een developed to identif poile error in oftware, procedure and
operational equence. In uch cae, the guideword var, ut maintain the ame intent—i.e., identifing hazard and caue for operational
prolem. The following point hould e conidered.
Requirement of updated document
Requirement of updated document
Document for a new or exiting facilit mut e availale long efore a HAZOP tud. The availailit of thee document ave time
during thee eion:
1. Proce 栀ow diagram, along with heat and material alance
2. Proce decription with interlock decription
3. Piping and intrumentation diagram (P&ID)
4. quipment laout drawing
5. Unit plot plan
6. Material afet data heet (MD) for hazardou chemical
7. quipment and intrument dataheet
10. Utilit peci椀cation (a applicale).
(/media/2766/hp116-kunte-plant-afet-environment-tale-01.jpg)
HAZOP i uuall carried out once 椀nal P&ID from the deign team are availale. The diagram are ujected to quetioning with the ue
of proper guideword and viualizing poile failure mode. efore undertaking HAZOP of a new facilit, it i eential that the latet
deign conideration during the deign review tage are alread incorporated in the P&ID and other document.
If a HAZOP tud (TAL 1) i to e carried out for an exiting facilit, it i imperative that the P&ID (FIG. 1) are up to date. Wherever
required, an operator hould e involved in updating P&ID to re栀ect the a-uilt tatu.
TAL 1 provide a ample record heet prepared during a HAZOP tud eion uing di erent deviation for a continuou proce. FIG.
1 provide a chematic repreentation of the P&ID for a continuou proce. Tpical guideword ued for a HAZOP tud of a atch
proce are provided in TAL 2.
TAL 3 provide the ample of a tpical recording done during a HAZOP tud eion uing di erent deviation for a atch proce. FIG.
2 provide a chematic repreentation of the P&ID for a atch reactor.
(/media/2767/hp116-kunte-plant-afet-environment-椀g-01.jpg)
FIG. 1. chematic diagram of a chemical plant for a HAZOP tud of a continuou proce.
Realization of adequate time management
ince the technique of carring out HAZOP i tematic and thorough, it i a time-conuming activit. Hence, the identi椀ed reource that
ince the technique of carring out HAZOP i tematic and thorough, it i a time-conuming activit. Hence, the identi椀ed reource that
will participate during HAZOP tud eion mut e provided in a timel manner. ince making thee reource availale for the HAZOP
eion involve drawing experienced peronnel awa from their routine activitie, along with travel expene and other cot,
management ma 椀nd it di cult to allocate the required reource for an adequate time. Therefore, thee eion are expected to e
completed the HAZOP team during a ver limited time period. Thi i not an adequate amount of time, conidering the numer of P&ID,
their complexit and the volume of work. Therefore, management mut undertand the time duration for uch tudie and hould enure
that unrealitic deadline are not et.
(/media/2693/hp116-kunte-plant-afet-environment-tale-02.jpg)
election of proper reource
The intention i that quetion raied during the meeting hould e anwered immediatel, intead of having to reort to outide expertie.
Therefore, depending on the tpe of proce, peronnel with uitale ackground that are killed and knowledgeale in the deign,
operation, commiioning, afet, hutdown and maintenance of the plant hould e part of the HAZOP tud team.
If HAZOP i performed a le-experienced team, all hazard ma not e identi椀ed. The team could generate recommendation that
management ma 椀nd di cult to accept.
(/media/2692/hp116-kunte-plant-afet-environment-tale-03.jpg)
Deired qualitie of a HAZOP tud team leader
The reponiilit of the team leader include triggering the dicuion uing guideword and parameter for each of the node identi椀ed,
enuring the completene of the anali and maintaining the progre according to the chedule and agenda.
A HAZOP tud leader hould e technicall trong and experienced. HAZOP tud team participant come from di erent 椀eld of
knowledge and experience. It i important that the HAZOP tud team leader i ale to manage e ectivel during the HAZOP tud
eion, keeping in mind the HAZOP tud ojective and the et timeline. The team leader hould enure that the atmophere during the
HAZOP tud eion i open to a free exchange of idea and variou poiilitie without fear of hierarch the participant. The
participant hould e ale to expre their idea and convince other participant of poile cenario, caue and conequence. With
the knowledge and kill of the team leader, the team hould feel that a alanced and contructive approach i maintained during the tud.
The team leader hould e an independent peron with no reponiilit for the proce and/or the performance of the operation.
Therefore, often with a new facilit, a third-part experienced HAZOP tud team leader i conidered.
election of crie/ecretar
The crie i an important memer of the team. The crie hould e ale to quickl write down numerou caue identi椀ed variou
team memer for an deviation during raintorming eion. Thereafter, each and ever caue i trancried to enure it crediilit,
identif conequence and arrive at recommendation. With the help of the team leader and participant, the crie hould properl record
everthing into imple and unamiguou language. At the end of each deviation, the crie hould read to the group the trancried
material. The leader and the participant mut enure that the write-up i revied, wherever necear, and agreed upon. The approved
write-up hould conve to each memer of the group a conitent and clear meaning, a well a provide the proper context in which the
recommendation are conidered the team.
Clear recording are eential, a thee are read at a later tage other peronnel and management for conideration of implementation
of recommendation. Often, it i preferale to add more word, entence or a mall ketch to improve clarit and further de椀ne potentiall
amiguou meaning.
(/media/2768/hp116-kunte-plant-afet-environment-椀g-02.jpg)
FIG. 2. chematic diagram of a atch reactor.
At preent, multiple oftware application are availale for recoding during HAZOP tud eion. It i important that oth the team leader
and the crie are well killed with the uage of uch oftware efore HAZOP tud eion. Thi knowledge will allow the recording to e
completed quickl and accuratel. Thi approach help prevent thee eion from eing oring and avoid team demoralization, which
can aect the qualit of the tud.
Avoiding poor recording of HAZOP tud 椀nding
During the HAZOP proce, man idea can e identi椀ed a a proale caue to a deviation. Thee idea mut e captured. ach caue
need to e conidered eparatel to determine it crediilit, and conequence hould e identi椀ed for each credile caue, without initial
conideration of the afeguard provided. It i a common oervation that ome enthuiatic participant tr to jump to concluion and
oer recommendation without going through the tematic proce.
Conequence ma comprie oth proce hazard and operailit prolem. More than one conequence from a ingle caue ma exit, or
everal caue ma have the ame conequence. Therefore, the conequence need to e recorded eparatel againt each caue.
Comining all conequence with all caue for a particular deviation hould e avoided. Moreover, it i necear to clearl identif and
record whether the conequence lead to hazardou ituation, lo of production, 椀nancial loe, damage to the local or external
environment, afet of peronnel, etc. The team hould conider, identif and record all poile uptream and downtream conequence
aociated with a given caue.
The 椀nding of HAZOP tud report are important for further afet tudie, uch a afet integrated level () (IL) tudie, or for
conideration management for the approval of implementation of recommendation. Therefore, the HAZOP tud team leader and the
participant mut e meticulou in properl and e ectivel recording all information and data o that the can e ued for further tudie
and anali.
Written recommendation hould not e open-ended, ut hould e a peci椀c a poile. The participant mut clearl identif the
actionale item and the agenc reponile for taking the action.
HAZOP tud eion hould e time conciou
Time contraint on the team leader and team memer to complete a HAZOP tud of a large numer of P&ID are alwa preent, due to
non-availailit of reource and the cot involved. To complete a large volume of work, a well a follow the tematic methodolog of a
HAZOP tud, the HAZOP eion ma have to e conducted for eight to 10 hour each da. ince HAZOP i a raintorming technique,
fatigue can reduce the overall e ectivene of the team. In uch cae, there i a tendenc to ruh the HAZOP proce and adopt ome
hort-cut method to more quickl complete the tud.
Therefore, it i eential to chedule adequate time for the given volume of work, and to conduct the HAZOP tud eion accordingl.
Properl executed deign review
At time, it ha een oerved that preliminar HAZOP are performed on P&ID for normal deign review. HAZOP conducted under uch
conideration take a longer time. The HAZOP team i eeing thee diagram for the 椀rt time, and mut addre iue to improve
deign. Therefore, uch HAZOP generate a large numer of recommendation that could have otherwie een picked up during normal
deign review tage.
In uch cae, the 椀nal project/proce HAZOP tud mut e undertaken onl when the 椀nal deign i completed and the required
document are updated.
utituting HAZOP for the deign review proce compromie the ver concept of HAZOP, which i a eparate and an independent
1
proce hazard identi椀cation technique.
HAZOP tartup and hutdown procedure
HAZOP tartup and hutdown procedure
It i eential that the P&ID that will e ued for HAZOP have een updated and have conidered piping and control for normal tartup,
normal hutdown and emergenc hutdown, pa connection and purge connection. The proce control philooph, tartup and
hutdown procedure mut e well documented and undertood efore HAZOP eion. Thi proce enure that thee procedure can
e explained in-depth during the HAZOP proce. Accordingl, conequence can e identi椀ed and recommendation can e made the
team.
The ue of proper guideword for continuou and atch procee
ince the nature of operation for continuou procee and atch procee are di erent, it i important to ue a dierent et of
guideword for thee procee.
A deviation can e de椀ned a proce condition departing from their intention. A deviation i a comination of “guideword” and “proce
parameter.” Guideword i a hort word to de椀ne a deviation from the intention (e.g., more, le, no, revere, other than). A proce
parameter i a relevant parameter for the condition of the proce (e.g., preure, temperature, 栀owrate, compoition, etc.).
Deviation timulate creativit and generate new idea from the participant, which are ueful in raintorming eion involving multi-
diciplinar, experienced and knowledgeale team memer in that 椀eld.
Proper identi椀cation of node
Prior to the commencement of a HAZOP tud, the proce plant or the portion identi椀ed for the tud i to e divided into “node.” Node
are mall, manageale and logical portion into which the proce i divided.
Conider the following guideline for the identi椀cation/election of node on a P&ID:
Input tream to the equipment
Output tream from the equipment
Utilit connection to/from the equipment
Vent line, drain line, over栀ow line
quipment, uch a a reactor, tank (), heat exchanger, drer, centrifuge, etc.
ach node from each input/output tream hould e marked in the P&ID, preferal with di erent color code. Thee node are normall
identi椀ed a HAZOP tud team leader, with aitance from the proce engineer, well efore the HAZOP tud eion. If time doe not
permit, thi identi椀cation exercie can e done at the eginning of the 椀rt HAZOP tud eion.
Long node running into two or more P&ID, coniting of a numer of line and equipment within the ame node, are ometime identi椀ed
team leader. Thi hould e avoided, a a HAZOP tud i likel to mi ome proale caue and conequence, decreaing the
tud’ overall e ectivene.
Individual involved in the election of the HAZOP tud team, and participant in the complete HAZOP proce, mut adhere to thee tip
during the planning () and execution tage. Thee tep will help enure the e ectivene of the HAZOP tud. The uitale recording
made during HAZOP tud eion, along with the preparation of a HAZOP tud report, hould erve a a ene椀cial tool that can e ued
for future reference. Thee tool can alo e ueful for uequent afet tudie, commiioning, troulehooting and training activitie.
HP
LITRATUR CITD
1. Jone, D., “Leon from HAZOP experience,” Hdrocaron Proceing, April 1992.
The Author
Kunte, V. A. (/author/t/tata-conulting-engineer-ltd/kunte-v-a) - TATA Conulting ngineer Ltd., Mumai, India
Vaant A. Kunte i enior general manager (chemical) at Tata Conulting ngineer Ltd. (TC) in Mumai, India. Mr.
Vaant hold an MTech degree in chemical engineering from the Indian Intitute of Technolog (IIT) in Mumai. He
ha een with TC for over 35 ear, and ha worked a a project engineer, pecialit engineer, project manager,
HAZOP tud team leader, dicipline head (chemical), qualit coordinator and training manager. He ha extenive
experience in aic and detailed engineering of variou re椀ner, petrochemical and chemical project. He ha
received training in conducting and leading HAZOP tudie in a “HAZOP tud Leader’ Coure” conducted ICI
UK and ICI India, and ha led man HAZOP tudie for more than 23 ear in India and other countrie. Hi area of
(/author/t/tata-
interet are afet and rik management, HAZID, HAZOP, IL, QRA and other afet-related topic.
conulting-engineer-
ltd/kunte-v-a)
akthivel, . (/author/t/tata-conulting-engineer-ltd/akthivel-) - TATA Conulting ngineer Ltd., Mumai, India
Dr. . akthivel ha een a enior proce technologit at Tata Conulting ngineer Ltd. ince 2009. He completed
hi Tech degree in chemical engineering and an MTech degree in petroleum re椀ning and petrochemical (PRPC)
from Anna Univerit (A.C. Tech), and earned a PhD in nanotechnolog from the Indian Intitute of Technolog Delhi
(IIT-D). He ha experience in chemical procee, nano and particle technolog and renewale energ. Dr. akthivel
ha pulihed man reearch and technical paper in national and peer-reviewed international journal.
(/author/t/tata-
conulting-engineer-
ltd/akthivel-)
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